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Mohani MR, Phansopkar P, Seth NH, Fokmare PS. The Prevalence of Nomophobia in Medical Undergraduate Students of Central India. Cureus 2024; 16:e57056. [PMID: 38681298 PMCID: PMC11051670 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nomophobia is an emerging phobia resulting from people's excessive interaction with mobile phones. This phobia is rapidly increasing due to significant technological innovations and widespread acceptance and usage of mobile phones worldwide. Nomophobia is often associated with complications such as panic attacks, irritability, and anxiety. Smartphone usage is particularly high among the younger population, raising concerns as it generates distress and leads to various problems. This study aims to determine the prevalence of nomophobia among undergraduates. Method The study utilized the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) with a minimum sample size of 136. A total of 300 Google Forms (Google, Mountain View, California) were circulated, out of which 172 responses were received. A Google Form comprising 20 questions related to smartphone use and nomophobia was designed and distributed to all undergraduate students, who were requested to complete the form. The data based on their responses were subsequently analyzed. Results In this study, approximately 31.40% of students disagreed with experiencing panic when running out of credits or hitting monthly data limits. Additionally, 24.42% of students agreed that not having smartphones made them worried, as their family and friends could not contact them. About 16.86% of students strongly disagreed with feeling uneasy because they could not stay updated without their phones. Furthermore, 16.28% strongly agreed that they felt anxious due to the inability to contact their family and friends when not having smartphones. Conclusion It can be concluded from this study that nomophobia is present among undergraduate students. The overall usage of smartphones has increased in this population, highlighting the emergence of a serious disorder that warrants attention. Consequently, the usage of smartphones should be reduced through structured training programs, as this proves to be an effective method for enhancing undergraduates' understanding of the prevention and treatment of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahek R Mohani
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pratik Phansopkar
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nikita H Seth
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pranali S Fokmare
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Vagka E, Gnardellis C, Lagiou A, Notara V. Nomophobia and Self-Esteem: A Cross Sectional Study in Greek University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2929. [PMID: 36833624 PMCID: PMC9957397 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nomophobia is a relatively new term describing someone's fear, discomfort, or anxiety when his/her smartphone is not available. It is reported that low self-esteem may contribute to an individual's tendency for nomophobia. The aim of this particular study was to investigate the association between nomophobia and self-esteem among Greek university students. The study sample consisted of 1060 male and female university students aged 18 to 25 years, participating on a voluntary basis with an online anonymous questionnaire. Data were collected through "Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)" and "Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (RSES)". All participants exhibited some level of nomophobia, with the moderate level prevailing (59.6%). Regarding self-esteem categories, 18.7% of the participants showed low self-esteem, while the rest showed normal/high levels. Students with low self-esteem were twice as likely to exhibit a higher level of nomophobia compared to those with normal/high (adj Cum OR = 1.99, p value < 0.001). Additionally, women and students having fathers without a university education had a higher risk of exhibiting a greater level of nomophobia (adj Cum OR = 1.56 and 1.44, respectively, p values ≤ 0.008). It was observed that low self-esteem and nomophobia are closely connected. Further investigation into this particular issue is needed to explore potential causality between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissavet Vagka
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Gnardellis
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Venetia Notara
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
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Jahrami H, Fekih-Romdhane F, Saif Z, Bragazzi NL, Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS, Vitiello MV. A Social Media Outage Was Associated with a Surge in Nomophobia, and the Magnitude of Change in Nomophobia during the Outage Was Associated with Baseline Insomnia. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:508-519. [PMID: 36278533 PMCID: PMC9589948 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the immediate impact of a social media outage on nomophobia and associated symptoms using a longitudinal cohort design. Data were collected at two timepoints, baseline (T1) and during the social media outage of 4 October 2021 (T2). T1 was collected in August–September 2021 as part of the baseline of an ongoing study. The nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7), and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) were administered to 2706 healthy participants from the general Bahraini population (56% females, mean age 33.57 ± 11.65 years). Approximately one month later, during the social media outage, 306 of the study participants were opportunistically assessed using the NMP-Q. At baseline, we found that nomophobia levels strongly correlated positively with both insomnia (p = 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.001). This is the first report to examine the impact of a social media outage on nomophobia. Our findings indicate that symptoms of nomophobia increased significantly during a social media outage. Baseline insomnia scores predicted a surge in the global scores of nomophobia symptoms during a social media outage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama 410, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 323, Bahrain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +973-1728-7334
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | | | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602117, India
| | - Ahmed S. BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, P.O. Box 225503, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia
- The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael V. Vitiello
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, and Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA
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Lai SA, Pang KY, Siau CS, Chan CMH, Tan YK, Ooi PB, Ridzuan MIBM, Ho MC. Social support as a mediator in the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia: An Investigation among Malaysian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-8. [PMID: 35669207 PMCID: PMC9159896 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of social support in the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia among Malaysian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with N = 547 university students. Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire measuring nomophobia, social support, and perceived stress. Exploratory analyses were conducted using partial least square structural equation modelling. We found that perceived stress was positively associated with nomophobia during the COVID-19 pandemic, whilst social support partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia. The results of this study indicated that stress may be buffered by social support in individuals with higher levels of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Arielle Lai
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khong Yun Pang
- School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Yee Kee Tan
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Meng Chuan Ho
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Essel HB, Vlachopoulos D, Tachie-Menson A, Nunoo FKN, Johnson EE. Nomophobia among Preservice Teachers: a descriptive correlational study at Ghanaian Colleges of Education. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 27:9541-9561. [PMID: 35399783 PMCID: PMC8977427 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-022-11023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating nomophobia prevalence, thus, recurrence of anxiety without a smartphone, with preservice teachers in the Colleges of Education, Ghana. An actual sample of 345 preservice teachers responded to a 20-item questionnaire on nomophobia (NMP-Q). A one-way MANOVA between different groups statistics was applied in determining the differences in nomophobic behaviours among preservice teachers based on non-technology-related variables (gender, age, specialism, subjective economic status, sleep/rest hours, and religion) and technology-related variables (number of smartphones owned, smartphone ownership duration, active internet services, and daily internet usage time). The results evidenced that the vast majority of preservice teachers had mild to severe nomophobia, and their most significant anxiety was related to access to information and communication. Besides, non-technology-related variables in gender, sleep hours, and subjective economic status significantly impacted the preservice teachers' nomophobia. Technology-related variables that significantly influenced the nomophobic behaviour of preservice teachers included the number of smartphones owned, smartphone ownership duration, and active internet service. A sizable majority of the preservice teachers showed signs of mild to severe nomophobia. The present study provides prefatory support for the prevalence of nomophobia among the Ghanaian preservice teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Barton Essel
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, AK-315-7530 Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Dimitrios Vlachopoulos
- Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Digital Society School, Wibautstraat 2-4, 1091 GM Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Esi Eduafua Johnson
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, AK-315-7530 Kumasi, Ghana
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Notara V, Vagka E, Gnardellis C, Lagiou A. The Emerging Phenomenon of Nomophobia in Young Adults: A Systematic Review Study. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2021; 13:120-136. [PMID: 34703533 PMCID: PMC8519611 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v13i2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Nomophobia (No MObile PHone PhoBIA) refers to the worry or fear that individuals experience when they are without their mobile phone or they are unable to use it. The term was first coined in 2008 and it is considered a modern type of phobia. The aim of the present study was to retrieve and review the most relevant literature on the prevalence of nomophobia and its relationship with psychosocial and physical health among young adults. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted according the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for original papers on the phenomenon of nomophobia in young adults using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) as the main measuring instrument. The literature was focused on the 3 main topics of prevalence and level of nomophobia, nomophobia and psychosocial effects, and nomophobia and physical health in young adults. Findings The initial literature corpus consisted of 370 articles of which 40 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. Nomophobia was observed among 15.2%-99.7% of the participants. Research findings indicated increased psychological, emotional, social, and physical side effects due to excessive smartphone use. Conclusion The excessive use of the smartphone is an emerging threat for social, mental, and physical health. There is an increased need for further research in this regard as it is evolving into an epidemic outbreak and concerns directly the field of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Notara
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Elissavet Vagka
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Gnardellis
- Department of Animal Production, Fisheries ans Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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The relationship between the nomophobic levels of higher education students in Ghana and academic achievement. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252880. [PMID: 34133434 PMCID: PMC8208529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an upsurge in the use of mobile phones among higher education students in Ghana, which may result in the nomophobia prevalence with the students. Therefore, the need to assess the influence of nomophobia within the student population in Ghana. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of nomophobia and the sociodemographic variables, and the association with academic achievement of the understudied population. A self-reporting nomophobia questionnaire, composed of 20 dimensions, was answered by 670 university students to measure the nomophobia prevalence. Raw data were estimated using descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA and Independent T-test. While the findings showed diverse grades of nomophobia, statistical significance between academic achievement and the level of nomophobia was observed. This study concludes that there is a high nomophobia prevalence among university students in Ghana as the use of smartphones increases. However, follow-up studies should be conducted in Ghanaian universities to monitor nomophobia and its associates in order to reduce the adverse effects of habitual use of smartphones.
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Ahmed S, Akter R, Islam MJ, Muthalib AA, Sadia AA. Impact of lockdown on musculoskeletal health due to COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: A cross sectional survey study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07335. [PMID: 34179540 PMCID: PMC8217068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the nationwide lockdown implemented by the government of Bangladesh due to the coronavirus, has led to the various changes in the overall activities and lifestyle. Most of the people began living a sedentary lifestyle, spending more time on their phone, watching television and excessive sleeping. Reduction of physical activity level had profoundly negative impact on musculoskeletal health. AIM This study aims to investigate the impact of lockdown on musculoskeletal health, association between leisure and musculoskeletal pain during this period. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted among general populations living in a specific area of Bangladesh by simple random sampling methods. A total of 230 participants both male (182) and female (48) age group between 18-60 years have participated. The study was carried out by sending the Google Form link containing demographic questionnaire, numeric pain rating scale and Nordic musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Wilcoxon sign rank t and Chi squire test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean height, weight and BMI of the participants were 164.17 ± 8.40 cm, 63.82 ± 10.70 kg and 23.74 ± 3.97 kg/m2 respectively. There was significant increase in time spent in watching television (p= < 0.0001), using smartphone (p= < 0.0001) and sleeping (p= < 0.0001) during the lockdown period. 33.9% participants had pain before the lockdown which increased by 57% during the lockdown periods. There was a significant association between pain intensity and sleeping time (X2 = 54.84; p= < 0.0001), time spent watching television (X2 = 83.70; <0.0001), time spent on smartphone (X2 = 58.39; <0.0001) during the lockdown period. CONCLUSION The result of this study concluded that the lockdown has negatively impacted the musculoskeletal health of the participants. The musculoskeletal pain might be short term initially, but can develop to be a long-term problem and burden if proper measures are not taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Ahmed
- Mount Adora Physiotherapy & Neuro-rehabilitation Center, Mount Adora Hospital, Akhalia 3100, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Rahemun Akter
- Mount Adora Physiotherapy & Neuro-rehabilitation Center, Mount Adora Hospital, Akhalia 3100, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jahirul Islam
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, M A G Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Amena Abdul Muthalib
- Mount Adora Physiotherapy & Neuro-rehabilitation Center, Mount Adora Hospital, Akhalia 3100, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Rodríguez-García AM, Marín-Marín JA, López-Núñez JA, Moreno-Guerrero AJ. Do Age and Educational Stage Influence No-Mobile-Phone Phobia? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094450. [PMID: 33922221 PMCID: PMC8122705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Technological progress not only brings with it resources that improve and facilitate the day-to-day life of the people who make up society but also entails health risks, with the emergence of terms, such as nomophobia, which is considered an anxiety disorder produced by the fear that not having a mobile phone generates in a person. This research aims to identify the relationship and influence between levels of nomophobia and the age or educational stage of students. The research method is based on a correlational and predictive design of quantitative methodology. The instrument used is the NMP-Q questionnaire. The study population is students from different educational stages (obligatory secondary education, baccalaureate, vocational training and university). The results show that students over 12 years old present an average level of “nomophobia” (no-mobile-phone phobia), namely, not being able to communicate with the family where the highest levels are presented. We conclude that students over 12 years of age and of any educational stage present an average level of nomophobia, and it cannot be determined that either the educational stage or the age are determining factors in the presentation of this problem. This can occur at any age and at any level of the different educational stages, although there are risk indicators that we should bear in mind to avoid the appearance of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José-Antonio Marín-Marín
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Prevalence of text neck syndrome and SMS thumb among smartphone users in college-going students: a cross-sectional survey study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Jahrami H, Abdelaziz A, Binsanad L, Alhaj OA, Buheji M, Bragazzi NL, Saif Z, BaHammam AS, Vitiello MV. The Association between Symptoms of Nomophobia, Insomnia and Food Addiction among Young Adults: Findings of an Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020711. [PMID: 33467561 PMCID: PMC7830658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
No previous research has examined the association between symptoms of nomophobia and food addiction. Similarly, only a few studies have examined the association between nomophobia and symptoms of insomnia. This exploratory study utilized an online self-administered, structured questionnaire that included: basic sociodemographic and anthropometrics; the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q); the insomnia severity index (ISI); and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) in a convenience sample of young adults (18–35 years) in Bahrain (n = 654), 304 (46%) males and 350 (54%) females. Symptoms of severe nomophobia, moderate-severe insomnia, and food addiction were more common among female participants both for each disorder separately and in combination; however, differences did not reach statistical significance. For severe nomophobia, the rate for females was 76 (21.7%) and for males was 57 (18.8%) p = 0.9. For moderate-severe insomnia, the rate for females was 56 (16%) and for males was 36 (11.84%) p = 0.1. For food addiction, the rate for females was 71 (20.29%) and for males was 53 (17.43%) p = 0.3. A statistically significant association was present between nomophobia and insomnia r = 0.60, p < 0.001. No association was found between nomophobia and food addiction. Nomophobia is very common in young adults, particularly in females; nomophobia is associated with insomnia but not with food addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain;
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain;
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (N.L.B.)
| | - Ammar Abdelaziz
- The Walton Centre, Neurology Department, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, NHS, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK;
| | - Latifa Binsanad
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain;
| | - Omar A. Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | | | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Departments and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (N.L.B.)
| | | | - Ahmed S. BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Box 225503, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia;
- The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael V. Vitiello
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, and Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA;
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Jahrami H, Rashed M, AlRasheed MM, Bragazzi NL, Saif Z, Alhaj O, BaHammam AS, Vitiello MV. Nomophobia is Associated with Insomnia but Not with Age, Sex, BMI, or Mobile Phone Screen Size in Young Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1931-1941. [PMID: 34737661 PMCID: PMC8560167 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s335462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE NOMOPHOBIA (NO MObile PHone PhoBIA) or problematic smartphone use is a psychological disorder in which people are afraid of being cut off from their mobile phones. Currently, there has been no direct assessment of mobile phone screen size in the home setting and its effect on nomophobia and related symptoms, such as insomnia. Thus, we investigated the association between nomophobia, insomnia, and mobile phone screen size in a young adult population in Bahrain. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, we surveyed participants aged 18 to 35 between August and September 2020 using an online questionnaire. Participants completed demographic questions and questions about personal mobile phones, the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The mobile phone screen size was determined using an open-source online database. Crude and adjusted regression analyses were fitted to examine the associations between the study variables. RESULTS A total of 549 individuals, 54% females, were included in the final analyses. One hundred and fourteen participants (21%) had severe nomophobia, and 81 (14%) had clinical insomnia. A strong positive pair-wise linear association was observed between NMP-Q and ISI β 0.15, P = 0.001. Age, sex, BMI, and mobile phone screen size showed no association with the NMP-Q. CONCLUSION Nomophobia is very prevalent in young adult men and women, and it is closely associated with insomnia, regardless of mobile phone screen size, suggesting that mobile phone screen size should not be used as a proxy for hazardous usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Mona Rashed
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Maha M AlRasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Omar Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11324, Saudi Arabia.,The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, and Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-6560, USA
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Rodríguez-Sabiote C, Álvarez-Rodríguez J, Álvarez-Ferrandiz D, Zurita-Ortega F. Development of Nomophobia Profiles in Education Students through the Use of Multiple Correspondence Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8252. [PMID: 33182223 PMCID: PMC7664890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Nomophobia is a recent behavioural addiction phenomenon. The present study proposes the objective of determining levels of nomophobia in students of Education. In addition, it seeks to find evidence regarding whether cross-tabulating variables produces statistically significant differences and to examine whether the contemplated variables, together with nomophobia levels, can be used to generate a student profile. (2) Methods: A total of 510 students (M = 20.69 years) participated in this study. For the collection of information, we developed a Likert-type ad hoc scale of nomophobia. The quantitative data analysis programmes SPSS v.25 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), STATA.v.15 (StatCorp, Spring, TX, USA) and jamovi v.1.2 (The jamovi project, Sidney, Australia) were used to analyse information collected by the previously described scale. (3) Results: The study concludes the existence of three main levels of correspondence. The first is formed by students with a low level of nomophobia. It is associated with students undertaking the first year of a Master's degree who are older than 24, and in this case, gender does not play a discriminating role. The second describes students with moderate nomophobia. It is associated with females, the degree titles of Pedagogy and Primary Education, undertaking the first or second year of degree study and ages of between 21 and 24. Finally, the third level of correspondence is formed by students with high nomophobia. It is related to the same characteristics as those previously mentioned but ages typically ranging between 17 and 20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pedagogy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.Á.-R.); (D.Á.-F.)
| | | | - Felix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Schwaiger E, Tahir R. Nomophobia and its predictors in undergraduate students of Lahore, Pakistan. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04837. [PMID: 32954031 PMCID: PMC7486428 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing rates of smartphone use in Pakistani undergraduate students, coupled with a dearth of research, indicate a need for a better understanding of the effects of Smartphone use on this population. This cross-sectional study therefore aimed to measure rates of nomophobia and its predictors among this understudied population. A total of 138 undergraduate students of a private university in Lahore, Pakistan completed a demographics questionnaire and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) as part of a larger study. All students reported some level of nomophobia, with the largest proportion reporting moderate levels. Gender differences were seen in NMP-Q scores, with women reporting greater levels of nomophobia, specifically within the "Not being able to communicate" subscale of the NMP-Q. Multiple linear regression indicated that, while hours of usage per day, number of times per day checking phone, and amount of time in university were all correlated with NMP-Q scores, however, the only significant predictor was hours of usage per day [R = .331, R2 = .109, F (3, 116) = 4.748, p < .05]. The results of this study indicate that, as use of smartphones continues to increase in this developing nation, monitoring nomophobia and its correlates is of great importance, and carries with it implications at the societal and university policy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Schwaiger
- Department of Psychology, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Tahir
- Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
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15
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Cell phones and grades: examining mediation by perceived control and anxiety. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-020-09581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Moreno-Guerrero AJ, Aznar-Díaz I, Cáceres-Reche P, Rodríguez-García AM. Do Age, Gender and Poor Diet Influence the Higher Prevalence of Nomophobia among Young People? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3697. [PMID: 32456304 PMCID: PMC7277929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is generating the emergence of new pathologies such as nomophobia. The aim of this research was to analyze the prevalence of nomophobia among young people, as well as to check whether the level of nomophobia is higher in males or females and in those students who claim to have less healthy nutrition due to the use of their mobile phones. The research method was based on a correlational and predictive design with a quantitative methodology. The measurement tool used is the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). The participating sample was 1743 students between 12 and 20 years old from different educational stages of the Autonomous City of Ceuta (Spain). The results show that highest rates of nomophobia were found in relation to the inability to communicate and contact others immediately. About gender, women have higher rates of nomophobia than men. In relation to age, no significant differences were found; thus, the problem may affect all ages equally. Finally, students who think that their smartphone use is detrimental to their good nutrition show higher levels on the scale provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio-Manuel Rodríguez-García
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.-J.M.-G.); (I.A.-D.); (P.C.-R.)
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Mengi A, Singh A, Gupta V. An institution-based study to assess the prevalence of Nomophobia and its related impact among medical students in Southern Haryana, India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2303-2308. [PMID: 32754492 PMCID: PMC7380794 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_58_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inappropriate usage of mobile phones is very hazardous for school and college students as it results in poor academic performance due to the poor concentration during classes or lectures over use of mobile phones, accidents due to reduced concentration while driving, and poor social relations due to preference for mobile usage and avoiding nearby people. AIM Considering the above facts, the present study was conducted with an aim to estimate the prevalence of nomophobia among students and interns of medical college and its negative impacts on their sleep quality, and academic performance. METHODS The present study was conducted at SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Nuh from November to December 2018 among 600 MBBS students and interns who were using mobile phones using a pretested, predesigned, and standardized questionnaire. Test results with P value less than 0.05 only were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Nearly two fifth of the study subjects (40.1%) were found to have nomophobic, with scores more than twenty-four. The Pearson's chi square analysis reflected that most of the academic performance variables such as decline in study habits and grades, reduced concentration, and coming late for classes have a statistically significant (P = 0.000) association with nomophobe score. CONCLUSION In conclusion, a significant burden of mobile phone addiction and a tendency for impaired control that compromises the health and wellness were prevalent in medical students. Measures need to be taken to address this challenge in view of the current era of growing information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Mengi
- Department of Orthodontics, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, SHKM Government Medical College, Nalhar, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Moreno-Guerrero AJ, López-Belmonte J, Romero-Rodríguez JM, Rodríguez-García AM. Nomophobia: impact of cell phone use and time to rest among teacher students. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04084. [PMID: 32490259 PMCID: PMC7260290 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nomophobia is one of the modern pathologies that has been born as a consequence of the impact that portable technologies have had on society and the dependence generated among citizens, especially towards smartphones. This phobia manifests itself and is intensified by the loss of immediate access to information, to the network of contacts, as well as by the impossibility of contacting or being contacted by other people. All this ends up interfering with the development of the person's daily life (physical, physiological, psychological, social problems, among others). Although the research is in an incipient phase, the problem has not been studied with the teaching population, so we present a pioneering study with this group, the main objective being to analyze the prevalence of nomophobia in future teachers of Early Childhood and Primary Education, as well as to check the incidence of rest time in the levels of nomophobia. The study follows a descriptive, correlational, transversal and predictive design and a quantitative methodology. The standardized nomophobia questionnaire NMP-Q was used on a sample of n = 849 future teachers. The results show average levels of nomophobia in most of the variables. However, the higher levels of nervousness, fear or anxiety stand out due to the inability to communicate instantaneously. Also, a higher prevalence of the problem is observed in the sector of the sample that claims to sacrifice rest time due to the use of their mobile phone. Although these numbers are not alarming, we must take into account that in some variables the prevalence is slightly higher, making it necessary to make educational interventions in this regard and to promote education for the responsible and critical use of media and technologies.
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Rodríguez-García AM, Moreno-Guerrero AJ, López Belmonte J. Nomophobia: An Individual's Growing Fear of Being without a Smartphone-A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E580. [PMID: 31963208 PMCID: PMC7013598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the current literature focused on nomophobia (objectives, methodological design, main variables, sample details, and measurement methods) in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. The initial sample consisted of 142 articles, of which 42 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. The findings show that the current research is in an exploratory phase, with a greater predominance of descriptive, nonexperimental, and cross-sectional studies that explore the prevalence of nomophobia mainly in adolescents and university students. The most widely used measurement instrument is the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) proposed by Yildrim and Correia. In addition, the research suggests that nomophobia negatively affects personality, self-esteem, anxiety, stress, academic performance, and other physical and mental health problems. We are therefore faced with a health problem, which negatively affects a person, causing psychological problems and physical and behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús López Belmonte
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.-M.R.-G.); (A.-J.M.-G.)
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