1
|
Pang KY, Siau CS, Ho MC, Ooi PB, Tan YK, Woi PJ, Lai SA, Chan CMH. Fear of detachment from mobile phone: nomophobia and suicidality among Malaysian university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37876137 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2274315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The attachment to mobile devices during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the possibility of increased nomophobia, which is the intense fear of losing access to one's mobile device. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if nomophobia was independently associated with suicidality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study had two-time points in data collection: one year before and one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. N = 806 university students aged ≥ 18 years completed an online questionnaire comprising the Nomophobia Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. A multiple logistic regression (controlling for gender, age, and social support) was conducted to determine the association between nomophobia and suicidality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of severe nomophobia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was 15.7% and 35.6% respectively. The level of nomophobia was significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. Pre-pandemic, there were no significant associations. During the pandemic, participants with moderate (aOR 3.09, 95% CI [1.14-8.40], p = .027) and severe (aOR 3.57, 95% CI [1.25-10.20], p = .018) nomophobia had higher odds of suicide plan. During the pandemic, moderate and severe nomophobia were independently associated with more than three times higher odds for a lifetime suicide plan. Our study findings carry implications for the well-being of university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khong Yun Pang
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meng Chuan Ho
- Department of General Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yee Kee Tan
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui Juan Woi
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samantha Arielle Lai
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ang CS, Lee KW, Voon SP, Ho MC, Tan CE, Ching SM, Ooi PB. Validation of Malay Version of the COVID-19 Burnout Scale. Oman Med J 2023; 38:e456. [PMID: 36937773 PMCID: PMC10015622 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2023.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives From early 2020, Malaysia had to implement nationwide lockdowns, quarantines, and other social distancing practices to contain the spread of COVID-19 virus, leading to symptoms of psychosocial burnout among the people. The aim of the present research is to develop and validate a Malay language version of the COVID-19 Burnout Scale (M-COVID-19-BS). Methods This three-phase study was conducted among Malaysian population. Phase 1 involved forward and backward translations of the Scale to Malay language by four professional bilingual translators. In Phase 2, the new M-COVID-19-BS instrument was piloted on 30 participants who suggested minor lexical modifications. Phase 3 consisted of online recruiting of Malaysian citizens to answer a composite questionnaire comprising the M-COVID-19-BS, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF), and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Data were statistically analyzed. Results The composite four-part questionnaire in Malay was answered by N = 225 Malaysian citizens. The M-COVID-19-BS instrument demonstrated a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.926) and had a unidimensional factor structure. M-COVID-19-BS scores positively correlated with the three CBI subscales, showing evidence of convergent validity. Negative correlation was reported between M-COVID-19-BS and WHOQOL-BREF, achieving discriminant validity. M-COVID-19-BS also exhibited moderate positive correlations with the FCV-19S, thus supporting its concurrent validity. Conclusions Results demonstrate that M-COVID-19-BS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess burnout symptoms related to COVID-19 among Malay-speaking populations either collectively or as a self-care tool to detect burnout symptoms without needing to further burden the already overwhelmed Malaysian healthcare system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Ang
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Mandalay Rd, Singapore
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
- Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Siok Ping Voon
- Programme of Psychology, Faculty of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Meng Chuan Ho
- Department of General Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chai Eng Tan
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Research, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of General Studies, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
- Future Cities Research Institute, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chia YC, Ching SM, Ooi PB, Beh HC, Chew MT, Chung FFL, Kumar N, Lim HM. Measurement accuracy and reliability of self-reported versus measured weight and height among adults in Malaysia: Findings from a nationwide blood pressure screening programme. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280483. [PMID: 36649290 PMCID: PMC9844876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies reporting prevalence of obesity use actual weight and height measurements. Self-reported weight and height have been used in epidemiological studies as they have been shown to be reliable, convenient, and inexpensive alternatives to actual measurements. However, the accuracy of self-reported weight and height might vary in different regions because of the difference in health awareness and social influences. This study aims to determine the accuracy and reliability of self-reported weight and height compared to actual measured weight and height among adults in Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the community level during blood pressure screening campaigns. Participants self-reported their weight and height in a questionnaire survey. Their weight and height were validated using measurements by researchers on the same setting. Body mass index (BMI) was defined as underweight (<18.5kg/m2), normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23-27.4 kg/m2) and obesity (≥27.5 kg/m2). Bland-Altman analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients and weighted Kappa statistics were used to assess the degree of agreement between self-reported and measured weight and height. A total of 2781 participants were recruited in this study. The difference between the mean self-reported and measured weight and height were 0.4 kg and 0.4 cm respectively. Weighted Kappa statistics analysis showed that there was a substantial agreement between the BMI classifications derived from self-reported and actual measurement (ҡ = 0.920, p<0.001). There was no marked difference in the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported BMI among Malaysian adults by gender. We observed substantial agreement between self-reported and measured body weight and height within a sample of Malaysian adults. While self-reported body weight showed weaker agreement with actual measurements particularly for obese and overweight individuals, BMI values derived from self-reported weight and height were accurate for 88.53% of the participants. We thus conclude that self-reported height and weight measures may be useful for tracking and estimating population trends amongst Malaysian adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Research, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Chin Beh
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Research Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei Lei Chung
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Min Lim
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chia YC, Chung FFL, Ooi PB, Chew MT, Cheng DMH. PS-P03-10: SETTING UP OF MYWASSH, THE MALAYSIAN SOCIETY FOR WORLD ACTION ON SALT, SUGAR AND HEALTH: PROMOTE SALT REDUCTION IN MALAYSIA. J Hypertens 2023. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000915224.10328.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
5
|
Ooi PB, Khor KS, Tan CC, Ong DLT. Depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life: Moderating role of interpersonal needs among university students. Front Public Health 2022; 10:958884. [PMID: 36249213 PMCID: PMC9554619 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.958884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression, anxiety, and stress are ranked among the top mental health concerns faced by university students in recent times perpetuated by the proliferation of digitalization. Thus, this study was performed to assess the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life, with interpersonal needs (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) as moderators. A cross-sectional study using a convenient sampling method was conducted among 430 Malaysian private university students (Mean aged= 20.73 years; SD = 1.26 years). A self-administered questionnaire comprising the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire were used. Students who experienced lower depression and anxiety reported higher satisfaction with life under the influence of low perceived burdensomeness. Perceived burdensomeness, when coupled with depression (β = 0.76, p < 0.01) and anxiety (β = 0.79, p < 0.01), contributed 15.8% of variance in satisfaction with life. Students who experienced stress reported higher satisfaction with life under the influence of high thwarted belongingness (β = 0.73, p < 0.01), contributing 17.3% of the variance in satisfaction with life. For university students who experienced depression and anxiety symptoms, mental health practitioners may need to be cognizant of how to support students' education and management of their perceived burdensomeness perceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia,Future Cities Research Institute, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Pei Boon Ooi
| | - Kuan Siew Khor
- Department of Management, Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Choe Chai Tan
- MOHE General Studies, Sunway College, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Derek Lai Teik Ong
- Department of Marketing Strategy and Innovation, Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ang CS, Lee KW, Ho MC, Voon SP, Ching SM, Tan CE, Hoo FK, Ooi PB. Validation of the Malay Version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale in Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.29.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaysians are disillusioned with the increased number of COVID-19 infection cases and the prolonged lockdown period. As a result of COVID-19 mitigation measurements, Malaysians are experiencing emotional and psychological consequences such as anxiety. Thus, there is an urgent need to have an instrument that could serve as a tool to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 among Malaysians rapidly. Methods: This study aimed to adapt and validate the Malay version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (M-CAS) among Malaysian adults. The back-to-back translation was done to produce a M-CAS. Following face validation, M-CAS was self-administered to 225 participants from Malaysia via an online survey. The participants also completed the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale, Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Analysis of a Moment Structures. The psychometric properties of the M-CAS were examined via Cronbach alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. M-CAS scores were compared with the other tools to provide external validity. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that the M-CAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.890) and presented with a unidimensional factor structure. M-CAS scores were strongly correlated with GAD-7 (r = 0.511, P < 0.001) and FCV-19S (r = 0.652, P < 0.001). Lack of correlation between M-CAS and WHOQOL-BREF showed that M-CAS scores did not reflect perceived quality of life. Conclusion: The M-CAS is a valid and reliable tool in the Malay language that can be self- administered among Malaysians to assess anxiety levels induced by COVID-19. The M-CAS has only 7 items and utilised little time in real-life clinical practice.
Collapse
|
7
|
Latif AA, Lee KW, Phang K, Rashid AA, Chan NN, Peh SC, Thilaganathan T, Ooi PB. Patient-related factors associated with medication adherence behavior in patients with end-stage renal disease: A systematic review. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:473-484. [PMID: 36578649 PMCID: PMC9791854 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_212_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This systematic review aims to identify influencing factors of medication adherence behavior in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with a special interest in patient-related factors based on the World Health Organization adherence model. Materials and Methods Primary electronic databases comprising PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, as well as ProQuest (Health and Medical), ProQuest (Psychology), and EBSCOHost (APA PsychARTICLES) were used to search for literature on patient-related factors in medication adherence, from inception till August 31, 2021. Results 479 articles were identified and six articles meeting eligibility criteria were reviewed and remained in this systematic review. The present review found that despite different tools being used to measure ESRD's perception of medication's necessity and beliefs, there was a profound association between perception and beliefs with medication adherence behavior. There is a positive relationship between knowledge, belief, educational level, ethnicity, female, and medication adherence behavior. Mixed finding was reported between perception, age, and medication adherence behavior. However, there were no studies on patients' attitudes and medication adherence behavior as suggested in the WHO adherence model. Conclusion Only a limited number of patient-related factors were available for evaluation in the current systematic review. Additional research is needed to advance the understanding of medication adherence behavior affected by patient-related factors on the medication and illness. However, the findings must be taken with caution because of the limited studies included in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anis A'lliya Latif
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Kelly Phang
- Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, University of Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aneesa Abdul Rashid
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nee Nee Chan
- Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suat Cheng Peh
- Jeffrey Sachs Center, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of General Studies, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Pei Boon Ooi, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lai SA, Pang KY, Siau CS, Chan CMH, Tan YK, Ooi PB, Ridzuan MIBM, Ho MC. Social support as a mediator in the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia: An Investigation among Malaysian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-8. [PMID: 35669207 PMCID: PMC9159896 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of social support in the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia among Malaysian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with N = 547 university students. Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire measuring nomophobia, social support, and perceived stress. Exploratory analyses were conducted using partial least square structural equation modelling. We found that perceived stress was positively associated with nomophobia during the COVID-19 pandemic, whilst social support partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia. The results of this study indicated that stress may be buffered by social support in individuals with higher levels of nomophobia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Arielle Lai
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khong Yun Pang
- School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Yee Kee Tan
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Meng Chuan Ho
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ang CS, Lee KW, Ho MC, Voon SP, Ching SM, Tan CE, Hoo FK, Ooi PB. Validation of the Malay Version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale in Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2022; 29:122-132. [PMID: 35846496 PMCID: PMC9249424 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2022.29.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaysians are disillusioned with the increased number of COVID-19 infection cases and the prolonged lockdown period. As a result of COVID-19 mitigation measurements, Malaysians are experiencing emotional and psychological consequences such as anxiety. Thus, there is an urgent need to have an instrument that could serve as a tool to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 among Malaysians rapidly. Methods This study aimed to adapt and validate the Malay version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (M-CAS) among Malaysian adults. The back-to-back translation was done to produce a M-CAS. Following face validation, M-CAS was self-administered to 225 participants from Malaysia via an online survey. The participants also completed the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale, Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Analysis of a Moment Structures. The psychometric properties of the M-CAS were examined via Cronbach alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. M-CAS scores were compared with the other tools to provide external validity. Results The statistical analysis revealed that the M-CAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.890) and presented with a unidimensional factor structure. M-CAS scores were strongly correlated with GAD-7 (r = 0.511, P < 0.001) and FCV-19S (r = 0.652, P < 0.001). Lack of correlation between M-CAS and WHOQOL-BREF showed that M-CAS scores did not reflect perceived quality of life. Conclusion The M-CAS is a valid and reliable tool in the Malay language that can be self-administered among Malaysians to assess anxiety levels induced by COVID-19. The M-CAS has only 7 items and utilised little time in real-life clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Ang
- School of Psychology, TMC Academy, Singapore,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia,Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Meng Chuan Ho
- Department of General Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siok Ping Voon
- Programme of Psychology, Faculty of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia,Centre for Research, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chai Eng Tan
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fan Kee Hoo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee KW, Ang CS, Lim SH, Siau CS, Ong LTD, Ching SM, Ooi PB. Prevalence of mental health conditions among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. HIV Med 2022; 23:990-1001. [PMID: 35304829 PMCID: PMC9111307 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has generated many mental health problems worldwide. People living with HIV (henceforth known as PLHIV) bear a higher mental health burden in comparison with the general population. Therefore, their risk of mental health problems may be elevated during the pandemic. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, psychological stress, insomnia and loneliness among PLHIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Observational studies in four databases published from 1 January 2020 to 30 April 2021 investigating the prevalence of mental health conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic were searched, and 197 articles were retrieved. After the processes of duplication removal, eligibility screening and full‐text assessment, 10 articles were included in the systematic review and six articles for meta‐analyses. A random‐effects model was applied to derive the pooled prevalence of mental health conditions. The risk of bias was assessed using the STROBE checklist. Results Overall, the pooled prevalence rates of (moderate‐to‐severe) depression and anxiety among PLHIV were 16.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.8%–30.0%] and 23.0% (95% CI: 12.0%–34.0%), respectively. Conclusions More research is needed to investigate the mechanism by which the pandemic affects the mental health of PLHIV. Support and programmes are needed to ameliorate the mental health problems in this marginalized population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia.,Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Chin Siang Ang
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin How Lim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai Teik Derek Ong
- Department of Marketing Strategy and Innovation, Sunway University Business School (SUBS), Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kajang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chan NN, Ong KW, Siau CS, Lee KW, Peh SC, Yacob S, Chia YC, Seow VK, Ooi PB. The lived experiences of a COVID-19 immunization programme: vaccine hesitancy and vaccine refusal. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:296. [PMID: 35164734 PMCID: PMC8842982 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global health emergency and lock-down measures to curb the uncontrolled transmission chain. Vaccination is an effective measure against COVID-19 infections. In Malaysia amidst the national immunisation programme (NIP) which started in February 2021, there were rising concerns regarding the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and refusal, and therefore, vaccine uptake among Malaysians. Although there are many quantitative studies on COVID-19 vaccination, the subjective experience of individuals was understudied. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of Malaysians regarding vaccine hesitancy and refusal, and facilitating factors that could enhance vaccine acceptance and uptake. Methods This qualitative study employed the hermeneutic phenomenological study design. Purposive sampling strategies were used to recruit Malaysians that had direct experiences with friends, family members and their community who were hesitating or refusing to accept the COVID-19 vaccines. A semi-structured interview guide was developed based on the expert knowledge of the investigators and existing literature on the topic. A series of focus group interviews (FGIs) was conducted online facilitated by a multidisciplinary team of experts. The group interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed. Results Fifty-nine participants took part in seven FGIs. We found that “incongruence” was the overall thematic meaning that connected all the 3 main themes. These themes comprise firstly, the incongruence between the aims and implementation of the National Immunization Program which highlighted the gap between realities and needs on the ground. Secondly, the incongruence between Trust and Mistrust revealed a trust deficit in the government, COVID-19 news, and younger people’s preference to follow the examples of local vaccination “heroes”. Thirdly, the incongruence in communication showed the populace’s mixed views regarding official media and local social media. Conclusions This study provided rich details on the complex picture of the COVID-19 immunization program in Malaysia and its impact on vaccine hesitancy and refusal. The inter-related and incongruent factors explained the operational difficulty and complexity of the NIP and the design of an effective health communication campaign. Identified gaps such as logistical implementation and communication strategies should be noted by policymakers in implementing mitigation plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nee Nee Chan
- Department of English and Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Quest International University, 30250, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.,Faculty of Social Sciences & Liberal Arts, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wei Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, 30250, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia.,Centre for Research On Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Suat Cheng Peh
- Jeffrey Sachs Center On Sustainable Development, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shakila Yacob
- Department of History, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,The International Institute of Public Policy and Management (INPUMA), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vei Ken Seow
- Emergency Medicine Department, Sunway Medical Centre, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ooi PB, Wan Jaafar WM, Crosling G. Malaysian School Counselor's Self-Efficacy: The Key Roles of Supervisor Support for Training, Mastery Experience, and Access to Training. Front Psychol 2021; 12:749225. [PMID: 34966321 PMCID: PMC8710570 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.749225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of self-efficacy has been widely studied and shown to contribute to individuals' job satisfaction. For counselors, the concept measures their belief in their ability to conduct counseling sessions. However, it is an understudied area. As Bandura states, self-efficacy and its sources should be investigated and measured within its domain, which in this case is school counseling. This study examined the impact on school counselors' self-efficacy and job satisfaction of the personal and environmental factors: (a) mastery experience, (b) social persuasion, (c) vicarious learning, (d) physiological and affective state, (e) the access to training, and (f) perceived supervisor support of training. The cross-sectional study involved 541 Malaysian secondary school counselors nationwide via a random sampling-distributed questionnaire. Results which were analyzed using PLS-SEM, with importance-performance functionality embedded in it, indicated that mastery experience, access to training, and perceived supervisor support of training explained 45.6% variance in counseling self-efficacy and together with counseling self-efficacy, contributed 13.2% variance in job satisfaction among the school counselors. The importance-performance map analysis revealed supervisor support of training as of greatest importance in shaping counseling self-efficacy. Counseling self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between mastery experience, access to training, supervisor support toward training, and job satisfaction Arising from this finding is a proposed theoretical framework in which efficacy information (i.e., mastery experience), environmental determinants (i.e., access to training and supervisor support of training) and cognitive determinant (i.e., counseling self-efficacy) corresponded together congruently and lead to higher job satisfaction. Suggestions are also made for training providers, content developers, and policymakers to include these factors in professional development training and continuous education, to sustain the wellbeing of school counselors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Wan Marzuki Wan Jaafar
- Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Glenda Crosling
- Centre for Higher Education Research, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phang K, Abdul Latif AA, Lee KW, Ching SM, Ooi PB. Effects of psychotherapy on quality of life (QoL) among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Oman Med J 2021; 37:e383. [PMID: 35712372 PMCID: PMC9188738 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2021.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are known to experience poorer quality of life (QoL). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of psychotherapy on QoL among patients with ESRD. Methods We conducted a systematic search for studies in Medline, PubMed, and SAGE Journals databases from their dates of inception up to 10 April 2020. The inclusion criteria were studies on patients with ESRD, of randomized controlled trial design, published in English language, and with full-text content available online. Two researchers independently extracted articles that met the selection criteria and evaluated the quality of each study. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, and data was presented in weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% CI. Results Eight studies were included in the systematic review of which five were entered for meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significant enhancement in QoL, in both physical component summary (PCS) (WMD = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.48??4.57) and mental component summary (MCS) (WMD = 4.22, 95% CI: 1.54??6.89). The heterogeneity across studies for both PCS and MCS was found to be I2 = 0%. Conclusions The findings indicate that psychotherapy may improve the QoL of patients with ESRD, as compared to the control group. Therefore, psychotherapy can be considered an essential component in the management of ESRD patients for improved psychological and physical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Phang
- Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, University of Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anis A??lliya Abdul Latif
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author: ??
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ching SM, Ng KY, Lee KW, Yee A, Lim PY, Ranita H, Devaraj NK, Ooi PB, Cheong AT. Psychological distress among healthcare providers during COVID-19 in Asia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257983. [PMID: 34648526 PMCID: PMC8516240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 pandemic is having a devastating effect on the mental health and wellbeing of healthcare providers (HCPs) globally. This review is aimed at determining the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, fear, burnout and resilience and its associated factors among HCPs in Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed literature search using 4 databases from Medline, Cinahl, PubMed and Scopus from inception up to March 15, 2021 and selected relevant cross-sectional studies. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence while risk factors were reported in odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. RESULTS We included 148 studies with 159,194 HCPs and the pooled prevalence for depression was 37.5% (95%CI: 33.8-41.3), anxiety 39.7(95%CI: 34.3-45.1), stress 36.4% (95%CI: 23.2-49.7), fear 71.3% (95%CI: 54.6-88.0), burnout 68.3% (95%CI: 54.0-82.5), and low resilience was 16.1% (95%CI: 12.8-19.4), respectively. The heterogeneity was high (I2>99.4%). Meta-analysis reported that both females (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.30-1.68) and nurses (OR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.02-1.45) were at increased risk of having depression and anxiety [(Female: OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.49-1.85), (Nurse: OR = 1.36; 95%CI = 1.16-1.58)]. Females were at increased risk of getting stress (OR = 1.59; 95%CI = 1.28-1.97). CONCLUSION In conclusion, one third of HCPs suffered from depression, anxiety and stress and more than two third of HCPs suffered from fear and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Research, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kar Yean Ng
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
- Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Anne Yee
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Poh Ying Lim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hisham Ranita
- Universiti Malaya Library, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Navin Kumar Devaraj
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ai Theng Cheong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chia YC, Devaraj NK, Chook JB, Chew MT, Ooi PB, Mohamed M, Draman N, Ng WL, Gani AHM, Thiagarajan N, Zulghaffar Z, Beaney T, Day E, Poulter NR, Ching SM. May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Malaysia. Eur Heart J Suppl 2021; 23:B98-B100. [PMID: 34054370 PMCID: PMC8141950 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite hypertension remaining the leading cause of death worldwide, awareness of hypertension and its control rate is still suboptimal in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the proportion of both diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension, awareness and its control rate during the yearly May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign that has been coordinated by the International Society of Hypertension. Participants aged ≥18 years were recruited at various screening sites namely universities, health facilities, shopping malls, and other sites. Participant’s socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle data were captured using a questionnaire. Three blood pressure (BP) readings as well as anthropometric measurements were obtained from all participants. The mean of the second and third BP readings was used in analyses. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication. A total of 3062 participants were recruited. The proportion with hypertension in our study was 18.7% (n = 572). The proportion who were aware of their BP status was 63.2%. More than half (57.2%) of the hypertensives were on antihypertensive medication and 70.3% of those treated were controlled. In conclusion, in this BP screening campaign, one in five were hypertensive with almost two thirds aware of their hypertensive status. BP control among those who are taking medications was high at 70% but under 60% of hypertensives were on treatment. Hypertension screening programmes are important to promote awareness and control of hypertension as well as to reduce the devastating complications associated with this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Navin Kumar Devaraj
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jack Bee Chook
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohazmi Mohamed
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Student Health Unit, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Jalan Universiti, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nani Draman
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 15200 Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wei Leik Ng
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hafiz Mohamad Gani
- Mahmoodiah Government Health Clinic, JKR 6274, Jalan Mahmoodiah, 80000 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nagammai Thiagarajan
- Kuala Lumpur Government Health Clinic, Jalan Temerloh, Titiwangsa, 53200 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zafferina Zulghaffar
- Sungai Manila Government Health Clinic, D/A32 Pejabat Kesihatan Kawasan Sandakan, Tingkat 6, Rumah Persekutuan Sandakan, 90500 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Emily Day
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| | - Neil R Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chia YC, Devaraj NK, Ching SM, Ooi PB, Chew MT, Chew BN, Mohamed M, Lim HM, Beh HC, Othman AS, Husin HS, Mohamad Gani AH, Hamid D, Kang PS, Tay CL, Wong PF, Hassan H. Relationship of an adherence score with blood pressure control status among patients with hypertension and their determinants: Findings from a nationwide blood pressure screening program. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:638-645. [PMID: 33586334 PMCID: PMC8029568 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship of adherence with blood pressure (BP) control and its associated factors in hypertensive patients. This cross-sectional nationwide BP screening study was conducted in Malaysia from May to October 2018. Participants with self-declared hypertension completed the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale (Hill-Bone CHBPTS) which assesses three important domains of patient behavior to hypertension management namely medication taking, appointment keeping and reduced salt intake. Lower scores indicate better compliance while higher scores indicate otherwise. Participant's body mass index and seated BP were measured based on standard measurement protocol. Determinants of adherence to treatment were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Out of 5167 screened subjects, 1705 were known hypertensives. Of these, 927 (54.4%) answered the Hill-Bone CHBPTS and were entered into analysis. The mean age was 59.0 ± 13.2 years, 55.6% were female and 42.2% were Malays. The mean Hill-Bone CHBPTS score was 20.4 ± 4.4 (range 14-47), and 52.1% had good adherence. The mean systolic BP and diastolic BP were 136.4 ± 17.9 and 80.6 ± 11.6 mmHg, respectively. BP was controlled in 58.3% of those with good adherence compared to 50.2% in those with poor adherence (p = .014). Based on multiple linear regression analysis, female gender (β = -0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.30, -0.15, p = .014), older age (β = -0.05, 95% CI -0.07, -0.03, p < .001), and individuals with primary or lower educational level (β = -0.91, 95% CI -1.59, -0.23, p = .009) had better adherence to BP management. Interventional programs targeted at the less adherent groups are needed in order to improve their adherence and BP control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Live Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Navin Kumar Devaraj
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Live Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Live Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bee Nah Chew
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohazmi Mohamed
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Student Health Unit, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Min Lim
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Chin Beh
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hanis Saadah Husin
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Dalyana Hamid
- AU2 Keramat Government Health Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei San Kang
- Gopeng Government Health Clinic, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chai Li Tay
- Simpang Government Health Clinic, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ping Foo Wong
- Cheras Baru Government Health Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chia YC, Ching SM, Devaraj NK, Chew BN, Ooi PB, Mohamed M, Othman AS, Kang PS, Husin HS, Mohamad Gani AH, Hamid D, Beaney T, Ster AC, Poulter NR, Xia X. May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Malaysia. Eur Heart J Suppl 2020; 22:H83-H85. [PMID: 32884479 PMCID: PMC7455260 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension continues to be the top global killer, contributing to over 10 million deaths annually. As prevalence and unawareness of hypertension remain high in Malaysia, this study was aimed to screen more individuals to identify those with undiagnosed hypertension. Respondents aged ≥18 years were recruited through opportunistic sampling at various screening sites including health clinics, hospitals, student health centres, universities, community halls, shopping malls, as well as through other health screening campaigns. Each respondent completed a questionnaire on socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle data. Anthropometric measurements as well as three blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained from all participants. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication. The total number of participants was 4866. The mean age of the participants was 39.8 (17.6) years with 61.1% female participants. Of the 4866 participants, 1405 (28.9%) had hypertension. The proportion of those aware of their hypertension status was 76.3% (1073/1405). The proportion of those with hypertension on medication was 71% (998/1405). Of those receiving antihypertensive treatment, 62.4% (623/998) had controlled BP. The proportion of hypertension in this study was 28.9%. The awareness rate of 76.3% compares favourably to a previously reported national level of 43.2%. Hence, BP screening programmes may be effective at increasing awareness and should be conducted annually.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Navin Kumar Devaraj
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bee Nah Chew
- Staff Health Unit, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Jalan Universiti, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohazmi Mohamed
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azli Shahril Othman
- Faculty of Medicine, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Persiaran Bestari, Cyber 11, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei San Kang
- Gopeng Government Health Clinic, Jalan Lawan Kuda Baru, 31600 Gopeng, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Saadah Husin
- Department of Primary Care, International Medical School, Management & Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hafiz Mohamad Gani
- Mahmmoodiah Government Health Clinic, JKR 6274, Jalan Mahmoodiah, 80000 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Dalyana Hamid
- AU2 Keramat Government Health Clinic, Jalan AU 2a, Taman Sri Keramat, 54200 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Dunstan’s Road, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Anca Chis Ster
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| | - Neil R Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| | - Xin Xia
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, Stadium House, 68 Wood Lane, London W12 7RH, UK
| |
Collapse
|