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Simpson EL, Guttman-Yassky E, Pawlikowski J, Ghorayeb EG, Ota T, Lebwohl MG. Interleukin-1α inhibitor bermekimab in patients with atopic dermatitis: randomized and nonrandomized studies. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:589. [PMID: 39214920 PMCID: PMC11364570 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bermekimab is a human-derived recombinant monoclonal antibody that exhibits immunoregulatory activity by specifically blocking interleukin-1α activity. Four phase 2 studies evaluated efficacy and safety of bermekimab in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition, a novel human skin explant model was developed to assess bermekimab pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and proteomic/transcriptomic effects. Study 1 (NCT03496974, N = 38) was an open-label, dose escalation study of subcutaneous bermekimab (200 mg or 400 mg). Study 2 (NCT04021862, N = 87) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized (1:1:1) study of subcutaneous bermekimab (400 mg every week (qw) or every 2 weeks) or placebo. GENESIS (NCT04791319, N = 198) was a double-blind, placebo- and active-comparator-controlled, randomized (1:1:2:2) study of placebo, subcutaneous bermekimab (350 mg or 700 mg qw), or dupilumab. LUNA (NCT04990440, N = 6) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized (4:1) study of intravenous bermekimab 800 mg qw or placebo. A novel human ex vivo skin pharmacodynamic assay supported phase 0 (NCT03953196) and phase 1 (NCT04544813) studies. In Study 1, 400 mg subcutaneous bermekimab showed improvement in efficacy assessments (e.g., ≥ 75% improvement of EASI over baseline, IGA 0/1, and worst itch); however, efficacy was not confirmed in Study 2 or GENESIS. Consequently, GENESIS and LUNA were terminated early. The novel human ex vivo skin pharmacodynamic assay demonstrated that bermekimab reduced downstream skin injury responses. Although bermekimab showed potential as an AD treatment in preclinical and early open-label trials, larger controlled studies (Study 2 and GENESIS) did not confirm those initial results.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Interleukin-1alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1alpha/metabolism
- Male
- Female
- Adult
- Double-Blind Method
- Middle Aged
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Treatment Outcome
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Young Adult
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/pathology
- Skin/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Adolescent
- Severity of Illness Index
- Aged
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Simpson
- Oregon Health & Science University, South Waterfront, 3303 S. Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Eric G Ghorayeb
- Immunology Global Medical Affairs, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Horsham, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Takayuki Ota
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Mark G Lebwohl
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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2
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Naskar M, Choi HW. A Dynamic Interplay of Innate Immune Responses During Urinary Tract Infection. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e31. [PMID: 39246616 PMCID: PMC11377947 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent one of the most prevalent bacterial infections globally, manifesting in diverse clinical phenotypes with varying degrees of severity and complications. The mechanisms underlying UTIs are gradually being elucidated, leading to an enhanced understanding of the immune responses involved. Innate immune cells play a crucial defensive role against uropathogenic bacteria through various mechanisms. Despite their significant contributions to host defense, these cells often fail to achieve complete clearance of uropathogens, necessitating the frequent prescription of antibiotics for UTI patients. However, the persistence of infections and related pathological symptoms in the absence of innate immune cells in animal models underscore the importance of innate immunity in UTIs. Therefore, the host protective functions of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, NK cells, innate lymphoid cells, and γδ T cells, are delicately coordinated and timely regulated by a variety of cytokines to ensure successful pathogen clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Naskar
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hae Woong Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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3
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Kiełbowski K, Stańska W, Bakinowska E, Rusiński M, Pawlik A. The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Psoriasis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3640-3675. [PMID: 38666958 PMCID: PMC11049642 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alarmins are immune-activating factors released after cellular injury or death. By secreting alarmins, cells can interact with immune cells and induce a variety of inflammatory responses. The broad family of alarmins involves several members, such as high-mobility group box 1, S100 proteins, interleukin-33, and heat shock proteins, among others. Studies have found that the concentrations and expression profiles of alarmins are altered in immune-mediated diseases. Furthermore, they are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions. The aim of this narrative review is to present the current evidence on the role of alarmins in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and psoriasis. We discuss their potential involvement in mechanisms underlying the progression of these diseases and whether they could become therapeutic targets. Moreover, we summarize the impact of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of these diseases on the expression of alarmins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Wiktoria Stańska
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcin Rusiński
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
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4
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López-Posadas R, Bagley DC, Pardo-Pastor C, Ortiz-Zapater E. The epithelium takes the stage in asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1258859. [PMID: 38529406 PMCID: PMC10961468 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1258859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelium is a dynamic barrier and the damage to this epithelial layer governs a variety of complex mechanisms involving not only epithelial cells but all resident tissue constituents, including immune and stroma cells. Traditionally, diseases characterized by a damaged epithelium have been considered "immunological diseases," and research efforts aimed at preventing and treating these diseases have primarily focused on immuno-centric therapeutic strategies, that often fail to halt or reverse the natural progression of the disease. In this review, we intend to focus on specific mechanisms driven by the epithelium that ensure barrier function. We will bring asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases into the spotlight, as we believe that these two diseases serve as pertinent examples of epithelium derived pathologies. Finally, we will argue how targeting the epithelium is emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy that holds promise for addressing these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universtiy Eralngen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dustin C. Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Kim HY, Jeong D, Kim JH, Chung DH. Innate Type-2 Cytokines: From Immune Regulation to Therapeutic Targets. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e6. [PMID: 38455467 PMCID: PMC10917574 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate role of innate type-2 cytokines in immune responses is increasingly acknowledged for its dual nature, encompassing both protective and pathogenic dimensions. Ranging from defense against parasitic infections to contributing to inflammatory diseases like asthma, fibrosis, and obesity, these cytokines intricately engage with various innate immune cells. This review meticulously explores the cellular origins of innate type-2 cytokines and their intricate interactions, shedding light on factors that amplify the innate type-2 response, including TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33. Recent advancements in therapeutic strategies, specifically the utilization of biologics targeting pivotal cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), are discussed, offering insights into both challenges and opportunities. Acknowledging the pivotal role of innate type-2 cytokines in orchestrating immune responses positions them as promising therapeutic targets. The evolving landscape of research and development in this field not only propels immunological knowledge forward but also holds the promise of more effective treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Multitasking Macrophage Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Dongjin Jeong
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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6
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Kim S, Yu H, Azam T, Dinarello CA. Interleukin-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP): A Long Journey From Discovery to Clinical Application. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e1. [PMID: 38455460 PMCID: PMC10917572 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) was originally discovered in 1999 while attempting to identify an IL-18 receptor ligand binding chain (also known as IL-18Rα) by subjecting concentrated human urine to an IL-18 ligand affinity column. The IL-18 ligand chromatography purified molecule was analyzed by protein microsequencing. The result revealed a novel 40 amino acid polypeptide. To isolate the complete open reading frame (ORF), various human and mouse cDNA libraries were screened using cDNA probe derived from the novel IL-18 affinity column bound molecule. The identified entire ORF gene was thought to be an IL-18Rα gene. However, IL-18BP has been proven to be a unique soluble antagonist that shares homology with a variety of viral proteins that are distinct from the IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ chains. The IL-18BP cDNA was used to generate recombinant IL-18BP (rIL-18BP), which was indispensable for characterizing the role of IL-18BP in vitro and in vivo. Mammalian cell lines were used to produce rIL-18BP due to its glycosylation-dependent activity of IL-18BP (approximately 20 kDa). Various forms of rIL-18BP, intact, C-terminal his-tag, and Fc fusion proteins were produced for in vitro and in vivo experiments. Data showed potent neutralization of IL-18 activity, which seems promising for clinical application in immune diseases involving IL-18. However, it was a long journey from discovery to clinical use although there have been various clinical trials since IL-18BP was discovered in 1999. This review primarily covers the discovery of IL-18BP along with how basic research influences the clinical development of IL-18BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyeon Yu
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Tania Azam
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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7
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Ryu S, Lim M, Kim J, Kim HY. Versatile roles of innate lymphoid cells at the mucosal barrier: from homeostasis to pathological inflammation. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1845-1857. [PMID: 37696896 PMCID: PMC10545731 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate lymphocytes that do not express antigen-specific receptors and largely reside and self-renew in mucosal tissues. ILCs can be categorized into three groups (ILC1-3) based on the transcription factors that direct their functions and the cytokines they produce. Their signature transcription factors and cytokines closely mirror those of their Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell counterparts. Accumulating studies show that ILCs are involved in not only the pathogenesis of mucosal tissue diseases, especially respiratory diseases, and colitis, but also the resolution of such diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances regarding our understanding of the biology of ILCs in mucosal tissue health and disease. In addition, we describe the current research on the immune checkpoints by which other cells regulate ILC activities: for example, checkpoint molecules are potential new targets for therapies that aim to control ILCs in mucosal diseases. In addition, we review approved and clinically- trialed drugs and drugs in clinical trials that can target ILCs and therefore have therapeutic potential in ILC-mediated diseases. Finally, since ILCs also play important roles in mucosal tissue homeostasis, we explore the hitherto sparse research on cell therapy with regulatory ILCs. This review highlights various therapeutic approaches that could be used to treat ILC-mediated mucosal diseases and areas of research that could benefit from further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - MinYeong Lim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
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8
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Bonzano L, Borgia F, Casella R, Miniello A, Nettis E, Gangemi S. Microbiota and IL-33/31 Axis Linkage: Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1100. [PMID: 37509136 PMCID: PMC10377073 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome dysbiosis and cytokine alternations are key features of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PsO), two of the most prevalent and burdensome pruritic skin conditions worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-31 have been recognized to be major players who act synergistically in the pathogenesis and maintenance of different chronic inflammatory conditions and pruritic skin disorders, including AD and PsO, and their potential role as therapeutic targets is being thoroughly investigated. The bidirectional interplay between dysbiosis and immunological changes has been extensively studied, but there is still debate regarding which of these two factors is the actual causative culprit behind the aetiopathological process that ultimately leads to AD and PsO. We conducted a literature review on the Pubmed database assessing articles of immunology, dermatology, microbiology and allergology with the aim to strengthen the hypothesis that dysbiosis is at the origin of the IL-33/IL-31 dysregulation that contributes to the pathogenesis of AD and PsO. Finally, we discussed the therapeutic options currently in development for the treatment of these skin conditions targeting IL-31, IL-33 and/or the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonzano
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Casella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Miniello
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Eustachio Nettis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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Ryu S, Kim HY. Bone Marrow Progenitors and IL-2 Signaling Contribute to the Strain Differences of Kidney Innate Lymphoid Cells. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e15. [PMID: 37179753 PMCID: PMC10166654 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical immune-response mediators. Although they largely reside in mucosal tissues, the kidney also bears substantial numbers. Nevertheless, kidney ILC biology is poorly understood. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are known to display type-2 and type-1 skewed immune responses, respectively, but it is unclear whether this extends to ILCs. We show here that indeed, BALB/c mice have higher total ILCs in the kidney than C57BL/6 mice. This difference was particularly pronounced for ILC2s. We then showed that three factors contributed to the higher ILC2s in the BALB/c kidney. First, BALB/c mice demonstrated higher numbers of ILC precursors in the bone marrow. Second, transcriptome analysis showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys associated with significantly higher IL-2 responses. Quantitative RT-PCR also showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys expressed higher levels of IL-2 and other cytokines known to promote ILC2 proliferation and/or survival (IL-7, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin). Third, the BALB/c kidney ILC2s may be more sensitive to the environmental signals than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s since they expressed their transcription factor GATA-3 and the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-25 receptors at higher levels. Indeed, they also demonstrated greater responsiveness to IL-2 than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s, as shown by their greater STAT5 phosphorylation levels after culture with IL-2. Thus, this study demonstrates previously unknown properties of kidney ILC2s. It also shows the impact of mouse strain background on ILC2 behavior, which should be considered when conducting research on immune diseases with experimental mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Bas J, Jay P, Gerbe F. Intestinal tuft cells: Sentinels, what else? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023:S1084-9521(23)00040-X. [PMID: 36889997 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays crucial roles in maintaining gut homeostasis. A key function consists in constituting a physical and chemical barrier between self and non-self-compartments, and, based on its crosstalk with the luminal environment, in controlling activation of the host immune system. Tuft cells are a unique epithelial cell lineage, the function of which remained a mystery even 50 years after their initial discovery. The first function of intestinal tuft cells was recently described, with a central role in initiating type 2 immune responses following infection with helminth parasites. Since then, tuft cells have emerged as sentinel cells recognizing a variety of luminal cues, mediating the host-microorganisms crosstalk with additional pathogens, including viruses and bacteria. Although it can be anticipated that more functions will be discovered for tuft cells in the future, recent discoveries already propelled them at the forefront of gut mucosal homeostasis regulation, with important potential impact in gut physiopathology. This review focuses on intestinal tuft cells, from their initial description to the current understanding of their functions, and their potential impact in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bas
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Jay
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - François Gerbe
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
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11
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Zuurveld M, Díaz CB, Redegeld F, Folkerts G, Garssen J, van’t Land B, Willemsen LE. An advanced in vitro human mucosal immune model to predict food sensitizing allergenicity risk: A proof of concept using ovalbumin as model allergen. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1073034. [PMID: 36700233 PMCID: PMC9869142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1073034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The global demand of sustainable food sources leads to introduction of novel foods on the market, which may pose a risk of inducing allergic sensitization. Currently there are no validated in vitro assays mimicking the human mucosal immune system to study sensitizing allergenicity risk of novel food proteins. The aim of this study was to introduce a series of sequential human epithelial and immune cell cocultures mimicking key immune events after exposure to the common food allergen ovalbumin from intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) activation up to mast cell degranulation. Methods This in vitro human mucosal food sensitizing allergenicity model combines crosstalk between IEC and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC), followed by coculture of the primed moDCs with allogenic naïve CD4+ T cells. During subsequent coculture of primed CD4+ T cells with naïve B cells, IgE isotype-switching was monitored and supernatants were added to primary human mast cells to investigate degranulation upon IgE crosslinking. Mediator secretion and surface marker expression of immune cells were determined. Results Ovalbumin activates IEC and underlying moDCs, both resulting in downstream IgE isotype-switching. However, only direct exposure of moDCs to ovalbumin drives Th2 polarization and a humoral B cell response allowing for IgE mediated mast cell degranulation, IL13 and IL4 release in this sequential DC-T cell-B cell-mast cell model, indicating also an immunomodulatory role for IEC. Conclusion This in vitro coculture model combines multiple key events involved in allergic sensitization from epithelial cell to mast cell, which can be applied to study the allergic mechanism and sensitizing capacity of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Zuurveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Marit Zuurveld, ; Linette E.M. Willemsen,
| | - Cristina Bueno Díaz
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Immunology Platform, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda van’t Land
- Immunology Platform, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E.M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Marit Zuurveld, ; Linette E.M. Willemsen,
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12
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Ham J, Lim M, Kim D, Kim HY. Memory-like innate lymphoid cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005517. [PMID: 36466877 PMCID: PMC9712946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered innate immune cells that reside and self-renew in mucosal tissues and serve as the first line of defense against various external insults. They include natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. The development and functions of ILC1-3 reflect those of their adaptive immunity TH1, TH2, and TH17 T-cell counterparts. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease caused by repeated exposure to specific allergens or host/environmental factors (e.g., obesity) that stimulate pathogenic pulmonary immune cells, including ILCs. Memory used to be a hallmark of adaptive immune cells until recent studies of monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells showed that innate immune cells can also exhibit greater responses to re-stimulation and that these more responsive cells can be long-lived. Besides, a series of studies suggest that the tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells have memory-like phenotypes, such as increased cytokine productions or epigenetic modifications following repetitive exposure to allergens. Notably, both clinical and mouse studies of asthma show that various allergens can generate memory-like features in ILC2s. Here, we discuss the biology of ILCs, their roles in asthma pathogenesis, and the evidence supporting ILC memory. We also show evidence suggesting memory ILCs could help drive the phenotypic heterogeneity in asthma. Thus, further research on memory ILCs may be fruitful in terms of developing new therapies for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Ham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - MinYeong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dongmo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Wu J, Zhang F, Tao H, Nawaz W, Chen D, Wu Z. The potential roles of interleukin-25 in infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986118. [PMID: 36119076 PMCID: PMC9478665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-25 (IL-25), also known as IL-17E, is a recently identified cytokine of the IL-17 family. Numerous studies illustrated that the expression of IL-25 is regulated by multiple pathogens, including parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections. IL-25 has a dual function in infectious diseases. On the one hand, IL-25 activates type 2 immunity via the relevant cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which are associated with the development of pathogenic infection-related allergic diseases. On the other hand, IL-25 involves in the recruitment of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to enhanced T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, which are important to the clearance of pathogens. However, the precise roles of IL-25 in infectious diseases remain largely unknown. Thus, the current review will shed light on the pivotal roles of IL-25 in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hongji Tao
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, School of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Deyan Chen
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Deyan Chen, ; Zhiwei Wu,
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Deyan Chen, ; Zhiwei Wu,
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14
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Ham J, Kim J, Ko YG, Kim HY. The Dynamic Contribution of Neutrophils in the Chronic Respiratory Diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 14:361-378. [PMID: 35837821 PMCID: PMC9293600 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.4.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are representative chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). Although they differ in terms of disease presentation, they are all thought to arise from unresolved inflammation. Neutrophils are not only the first responders to acute inflammation, but they also help resolve the inflammation. Notably, emerging clinical studies show that CRDs are associated with systemic and local elevation of neutrophils. Moreover, murine studies suggest that airway-infiltrating neutrophils not only help initiate airway inflammation but also prolong the inflammation. Given this background, this review describes neutrophil-mediated immune responses in CRDs and summarizes the completed, ongoing, and potential clinical trials that test the therapeutic value of targeting neutrophils in CRDs. The review also clarifies the importance of understanding how neutrophils interact with other immune cells and how these interactions contribute to chronic inflammation in specific CRDs. This information may help identify future therapeutic strategies for CRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Ham
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Gyun Ko
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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IL-33–ILC2 axis in the female reproductive tract. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:569-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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