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Cabezuelo MT, Torres L, Ortiz-Zapater E, López-Rodas G, Marín MP, Timoneda J, Viña JR, Zaragozá R, Barber T. Vitamin A Status Modulates Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in the Lung: The Role of Furin. Nutrients 2024; 16:1177. [PMID: 38674868 PMCID: PMC11053499 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) induced TGF-β hyperactivation and reduced expression of cell adhesion proteins in the lung, suggesting that the disruption of retinoic acid (RA) signaling leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To elucidate the role of lung vitamin A status in EMT, several EMT markers and the expression of the proprotein convertase furin, which activates TGF-β, were analyzed in two experimental models. Our in vivo model included control rats, VAD rats, and both control rats and VAD rats, treated with RA. For the in vitro studies, human bronchoalveolar epithelial cells treated with RA were used. Our data show that EMT and furin are induced in VAD rats. Furthermore, furin expression continues to increase much more markedly after treatment of VAD rats with RA. In control rats and cell lines, an acute RA treatment induced a significant increase in furin expression, concomitant with changes in EMT markers. A ChIP assay demonstrated that RA directly regulates furin transcription. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining vitamin A levels within the physiological range since both levels below and above this range can cause adverse effects that, paradoxically, could be similar. The role of furin in EMT is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Cabezuelo
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro Salud Safranar, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Gerardo López-Rodas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - M. Pilar Marín
- Microscopy Unit IIS La Fe Valencia, 46009 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Timoneda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Barber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
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Bagley DC, Russell T, Ortiz-Zapater E, Stinson S, Fox K, Redd PF, Joseph M, Deering-Rice C, Reilly C, Parsons M, Brightling C, Rosenblatt J. Bronchoconstriction damages airway epithelia by crowding-induced excess cell extrusion. Science 2024; 384:66-73. [PMID: 38574138 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is deemed an inflammatory disease, yet the defining diagnostic feature is mechanical bronchoconstriction. We previously discovered a conserved process called cell extrusion that drives homeostatic epithelial cell death when cells become too crowded. In this work, we show that the pathological crowding of a bronchoconstrictive attack causes so much epithelial cell extrusion that it damages the airways, resulting in inflammation and mucus secretion in both mice and humans. Although relaxing the airways with the rescue treatment albuterol did not affect these responses, inhibiting live cell extrusion signaling during bronchoconstriction prevented all these features. Our findings show that bronchoconstriction causes epithelial damage and inflammation by excess crowding-induced cell extrusion and suggest that blocking epithelial extrusion, instead of the ensuing downstream inflammation, could prevent the feed-forward asthma inflammatory cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin C Bagley
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tobias Russell
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sally Stinson
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR BRC, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | | | - Polly F Redd
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Merry Joseph
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | | | | - Maddy Parsons
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR BRC, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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3
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López-Posadas R, Bagley DC, Pardo-Pastor C, Ortiz-Zapater E. The epithelium takes the stage in asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1258859. [PMID: 38529406 PMCID: PMC10961468 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1258859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelium is a dynamic barrier and the damage to this epithelial layer governs a variety of complex mechanisms involving not only epithelial cells but all resident tissue constituents, including immune and stroma cells. Traditionally, diseases characterized by a damaged epithelium have been considered "immunological diseases," and research efforts aimed at preventing and treating these diseases have primarily focused on immuno-centric therapeutic strategies, that often fail to halt or reverse the natural progression of the disease. In this review, we intend to focus on specific mechanisms driven by the epithelium that ensure barrier function. We will bring asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases into the spotlight, as we believe that these two diseases serve as pertinent examples of epithelium derived pathologies. Finally, we will argue how targeting the epithelium is emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy that holds promise for addressing these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universtiy Eralngen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dustin C. Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Maguire TJA, Yung S, Ortiz-Zapater E, Kayode OS, Till S, Corrigan C, Siew LQC, Knock GA, Woszczek G. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces airway smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness and proliferation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1131-1140.e6. [PMID: 37474025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in regulating smooth muscle functions has led to the exploration of the possibility that this sphingolipid could represent a potential therapeutic target in asthma and other lung diseases. Several studies in animal surrogates have suggested a role for S1P-mediated signaling in the regulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling, but evidence from human studies is lacking. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the responsiveness of the airways to S1P in healthy and asthmatic individuals in vivo, in isolated human airways ex vivo, and in murine airways dissected from healthy and house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized animals. METHODS Airway responsiveness was measured by spirometry during inhalation challenges and by wire myography in airways isolated from human and mouse lungs. Thymidine incorporation and calcium mobilization assays were used to study human ASM cell responses. RESULTS S1P did not induce contraction of airways isolated from healthy and HDM-exposed mice, nor in human airways. Similarly, there was no airway constriction observed in healthy and asthmatic subjects in response to increasing concentrations of inhaled S1P. However, a 30-minute exposure to S1P induced a significant concentration-dependent enhancement of airway reactivity to methacholine and to histamine in murine and human airways, respectively. HDM-sensitized mice demonstrated a significant increase in methacholine responsiveness, which was not further enhanced by S1P treatment. S1P also concentration-dependently enhanced proliferation of human ASM cells, an effect mediated through S1P receptor type 2, as shown by selective antagonism and S1P receptor type 2 small-interfering RNA knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that S1P released locally into the airways may be involved in the regulation of ASM hyperresponsiveness and hyperplasia, defining a novel target for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J A Maguire
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Yung
- Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicina-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Stephanie Kayode
- Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Till
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Corrigan
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard Q C Siew
- Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory A Knock
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
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5
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Rynne J, Ortiz-Zapater E, Bagley DC, Zanin O, Doherty G, Kanabar V, Ward J, Jackson DJ, Parsons M, Rosenblatt J, Adcock IM, Martinez-Nunez RT. The RNA binding proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 are dysregulated in airway epithelium in human and a murine model of asthma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1241008. [PMID: 37928904 PMCID: PMC10624177 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1241008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The airway epithelium is a key driver of the disease, and numerous studies have established genome-wide differences in mRNA expression between health and asthma. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for such differences remain poorly understood. The human TTP family is comprised of ZFP36, ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2, and has essential roles in immune regulation by determining the stability and translation of myriad mRNAs encoding for inflammatory mediators. We investigated the expression and possible role of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), poorly understood in asthma. Methods: We analysed the levels of ZFP36, ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 mRNA in several publicly available asthma datasets, including single cell RNA-sequencing. We also interrogated the expression of known targets of these RBPs in asthma. We assessed the lung mRNA expression and cellular localization of Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 in precision cut lung slices in murine asthma models. Finally, we determined the expression in airway epithelium of ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 in human bronchial biopsies and performed rescue experiments in primary bronchial epithelium from patients with severe asthma. Results: We found ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 mRNA levels significantly downregulated in the airway epithelium of patients with very severe asthma in different cohorts (5 healthy vs. 8 severe asthma; 36 moderate asthma vs. 37 severe asthma on inhaled steroids vs. 26 severe asthma on oral corticoids). Integrating several datasets allowed us to infer that mRNAs potentially targeted by these RBPs are increased in severe asthma. Zfp36l1 was downregulated in the lung of a mouse model of asthma, and immunostaining of ex vivo lung slices with a dual antibody demonstrated that Zfp36l1/l2 nuclear localization was increased in the airway epithelium of an acute asthma mouse model, which was further enhanced in a chronic model. Immunostaining of human bronchial biopsies showed that airway epithelial cell staining of ZFP36L1 was decreased in severe asthma as compared with mild, while ZFP36L2 was upregulated. Restoring the levels of ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 in primary bronchial epithelial cells from patients with severe asthma decreased the mRNA expression of IL6, IL8 and CSF2. Discussion: We propose that the dysregulation of ZFP36L1/L2 levels as well as their subcellular mislocalization contributes to changes in mRNA expression and cytoplasmic fate in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rynne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- The Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dustin C. Bagley
- The Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Onofrio Zanin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Doherty
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Varsha Kanabar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Ward
- Histochemistry Research Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Jackson
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- The Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- The Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio T. Martinez-Nunez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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García-Trevijano ER, Ortiz-Zapater E, Gimeno A, Viña JR, Zaragozá R. Calpains, the proteases of two faces controlling the epithelial homeostasis in mammary gland. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1249317. [PMID: 37795261 PMCID: PMC10546029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1249317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpain-1 and calpain-2 are calcium-dependent Cys-proteases ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues with a processive, rather than degradative activity. They are crucial for physiological mammary gland homeostasis as well as for breast cancer progression. A growing number of evidences indicate that their pleiotropic functions depend on the cell type, tissue and biological context where they are expressed or dysregulated. This review considers these standpoints to cover the paradoxical role of calpain-1 and -2 in the mammary tissue either, under the physiological conditions of the postlactational mammary gland regression or the pathological context of breast cancer. The role of both calpains will be examined and discussed in both conditions, followed by a brief snapshot on the present and future challenges for calpains, the two-gateway proteases towards tissue homeostasis or tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. García-Trevijano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Gimeno
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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7
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Guerra-Ojeda S, Suarez A, Valls A, Verdú D, Pereda J, Ortiz-Zapater E, Carretero J, Mauricio MD, Serna E. The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Endothelium: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13537. [PMID: 37686342 PMCID: PMC10488274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been shown to be important in physiological processes other than detoxification, including vascular homeostasis. Although AhR is highly expressed in the endothelium, its function has been poorly studied. This systematic review aims to summarise current knowledge on the AhR role in the endothelium and its cardiovascular implications. We focus on endogenous AhR agonists, such as some uremic toxins and other agonists unrelated to environmental pollutants, as well as studies using AhR knockout models. We conclude that AhR activation leads to vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and that blocking AhR signalling could provide a new target for the treatment of vascular disorders such as cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Andrea Suarez
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alicia Valls
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - David Verdú
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Javier Pereda
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julián Carretero
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria D. Mauricio
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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8
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Bagley DC, Russell T, Ortiz-Zapater E, Fox K, Redd PF, Joseph M, Rice CD, Reilly CA, Parsons M, Rosenblatt J. Bronchoconstriction damages airway epithelia by excess crowding-induced extrusion. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.04.551943. [PMID: 37577550 PMCID: PMC10418241 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.551943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is deemed an inflammatory disease, yet the defining diagnostic symptom is mechanical bronchoconstriction. We previously discovered a conserved process that drives homeostatic epithelial cell death in response to mechanical cell crowding called cell extrusion(1, 2). Here, we show that the pathological crowding of a bronchoconstrictive attack causes so much epithelial cell extrusion that it damages the airways, resulting in inflammation and mucus secretion. While relaxing airways with the rescue treatment albuterol did not impact these responses, inhibiting live cell extrusion signaling during bronchoconstriction prevented all these symptoms. Our findings propose a new etiology for asthma, dependent on the mechanical crowding of a bronchoconstrictive attack. Our studies suggest that blocking epithelial extrusion, instead of ensuing downstream inflammation, could prevent the feed-forward asthma inflammatory cycle.
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9
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Bagley DC, Hernandez VL, Roberts LB, Maguire TJA, Voss F, Mertins P, Kirchner M, Peset-Martin I, Woszczek G, Rosenblatt J, Gotthardt M, Santis G, Parsons M. Epithelial coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor promotes house dust mite-induced lung inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6407. [PMID: 36302767 PMCID: PMC9613683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation and remodelling are important pathophysiologic features in asthma and other respiratory conditions. An intact epithelial cell layer is crucial to maintain lung homoeostasis, and this depends on intercellular adhesion, whilst damaged respiratory epithelium is the primary instigator of airway inflammation. The Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is highly expressed in the epithelium where it modulates cell-cell adhesion stability and facilitates immune cell transepithelial migration. However, the contribution of CAR to lung inflammation remains unclear. Here we investigate the mechanistic contribution of CAR in mediating responses to the common aeroallergen, House Dust Mite (HDM). We demonstrate that administration of HDM in mice lacking CAR in the respiratory epithelium leads to loss of peri-bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, fewer goblet-cells and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In vitro analysis in human lung epithelial cells confirms that loss of CAR leads to reduced HDM-dependent inflammatory cytokine release and neutrophil migration. Epithelial CAR depletion also promoted smooth muscle cell proliferation mediated by GSK3β and TGF-β, basal matrix production and airway hyperresponsiveness. Our data demonstrate that CAR coordinates lung inflammation through a dual function in leucocyte recruitment and tissue remodelling and may represent an important target for future therapeutic development in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dustin C Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J A Maguire
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Felizia Voss
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Santis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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10
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Signes-Costa J, Montero P, Roger I. Lung Fibrosis and Fibrosis in the Lungs: Is It All about Myofibroblasts? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061423. [PMID: 35740444 PMCID: PMC9220162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the lungs, fibrosis is a growing clinical problem that results in shortness of breath and can end up in respiratory failure. Even though the main fibrotic disease affecting the lung is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which affects the interstitial space, there are many fibrotic events that have high and dangerous consequences for the lungs. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), excessive allergies, clearance of infection or COVID-19, all are frequent diseases that show lung fibrosis. In this review, we describe the different kinds of fibrosis and analyse the main types of cells involved-myofibroblasts and other cells, like macrophages-and review the main fibrotic mechanisms. Finally, we analyse present treatments for fibrosis in the lungs and highlight potential targets for anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Paula Montero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Inés Roger
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.); (I.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Owczarek C, Ortiz-Zapater E, Kim J, Papaevangelou E, Santis G, Parsons M. CAR Co-Operates With Integrins to Promote Lung Cancer Cell Adhesion and Invasion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:829313. [PMID: 35252000 PMCID: PMC8889575 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.829313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a member of the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family of adhesion receptors and is localised to epithelial cell tight and adherens junctions. CAR has been shown to be highly expressed in lung cancer where it is proposed to promote tumor growth and regulate epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), however the potential role of CAR in lung cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. To better understand the role of this receptor in tumor progression, we manipulated CAR expression in both epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like lung cancer cells. In both cases, CAR overexpression promoted tumor growth in vivo in immunocompetent mice and increased cell adhesion in the lung after intravenous injection without altering the EMT properties of each cell line. Overexpression of WTCAR resulted in increased invasion in 3D models and enhanced β1 integrin activity in both cell lines, and this was dependent on phosphorylation of the CAR cytoplasmic tail. Furthermore, phosphorylation of CAR was enhanced by substrate stiffness in vitro, and CAR expression increased at the boundary of solid tumors in vivo. Moreover, CAR formed a complex with the focal adhesion proteins Src, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and paxillin and promoted activation of the Guanine Triphosphate (GTP)-ase Ras-related Protein 1 (Rap1), which in turn mediated enhanced integrin activation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CAR contributes to lung cancer metastasis via promotion of cell-matrix adhesion, providing new insight into co-operation between cell-cell and cell-matrix proteins that regulate different steps of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Owczarek
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Efthymia Papaevangelou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Santis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Maddy Parsons,
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12
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Lista MJ, Matos PM, Maguire TJA, Poulton K, Ortiz-Zapater E, Page R, Sertkaya H, Ortega-Prieto AM, Scourfield E, O’Byrne AM, Bouton C, Dickenson RE, Ficarelli M, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Howard M, Betancor G, Galao RP, Pickering S, Signell AW, Wilson H, Cliff P, Kia Ik MT, Patel A, MacMahon E, Cunningham E, Doores K, Agromayor M, Martin-Serrano J, Perucha E, Mischo HE, Shankar-Hari M, Batra R, Edgeworth J, Zuckerman M, Malim MH, Neil S, Martinez-Nunez RT. Resilient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics workflows including viral heat inactivation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256813. [PMID: 34525109 PMCID: PMC8443028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a worldwide need for reagents to perform SARS-CoV-2 detection. Some laboratories have implemented kit-free protocols, but many others do not have the capacity to develop these and/or perform manual processing. We provide multiple workflows for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in clinical samples by comparing several commercially available RNA extraction methods: QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAgen), RNAdvance Blood/Viral (Beckman) and Mag-Bind Viral DNA/RNA 96 Kit (Omega Bio-tek). We also compared One-step RT-qPCR reagents: TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix (FastVirus, ThermoFisher Scientific), qPCRBIO Probe 1-Step Go Lo-ROX (PCR Biosystems) and Luna® Universal Probe One-Step RT-qPCR Kit (Luna, NEB). We used primer-probes that detect viral N (EUA CDC) and RdRP. RNA extraction methods provided similar results, with Beckman performing better with our primer-probe combinations. Luna proved most sensitive although overall the three reagents did not show significant differences. N detection was more reliable than that of RdRP, particularly in samples with low viral titres. Importantly, we demonstrated that heat treatment of nasopharyngeal swabs at 70°C for 10 or 30 min, or 90°C for 10 or 30 min (both original variant and B 1.1.7) inactivated SARS-CoV-2 employing plaque assays, and had minimal impact on the sensitivity of the qPCR in clinical samples. These findings make SARS-CoV-2 testing portable in settings that do not have CL-3 facilities. In summary, we provide several testing pipelines that can be easily implemented in other laboratories and have made all our protocols and SOPs freely available at https://osf.io/uebvj/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Lista
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro M. Matos
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. A. Maguire
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Poulton
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Page
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- King’s Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helin Sertkaya
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M. Ortega-Prieto
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Scourfield
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aoife M. O’Byrne
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Centre for Rheumatic Diseases (CRD–EULAR Centre of Excellence), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clement Bouton
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E. Dickenson
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Ficarelli
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeño
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Howard
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gilberto Betancor
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Pedro Galao
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian W. Signell
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Wilson
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Cliff
- Viapath pathology laboratories at St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Tan Kia Ik
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amita Patel
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eithne MacMahon
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Cunningham
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Doores
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Agromayor
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Martin-Serrano
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esperanza Perucha
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Centre for Rheumatic Diseases (CRD–EULAR Centre of Excellence), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah E. Mischo
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Batra
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Edgeworth
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Zuckerman
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- South London Specialist Virology Centre, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H. Malim
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Neil
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Teresa Martinez-Nunez
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Lista MJ, Matos PM, Maguire TJA, Poulton K, Ortiz-Zapater E, Page R, Sertkaya H, Ortega-Prieto AM, O’Byrne AM, Bouton C, Dickenson RE, Ficarelli M, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Howard M, Betancor G, Galao RP, Pickering S, Signell AW, Wilson H, Cliff P, Ik MTK, Patel A, MacMahon E, Cunningham E, Doores K, Agromayor M, Martin-Serrano J, Perucha E, Mischo HE, Shankar-Hari M, Batra R, Edgeworth J, Zuckerman M, Malim MH, Neil S, Martinez-Nunez RT. Resilient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics workflows including viral heat inactivation. medRxiv 2021:2020.04.22.20074351. [PMID: 33851184 PMCID: PMC8043481 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20074351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a worldwide need for reagents to perform SARS-CoV-2 detection. Some laboratories have implemented kit-free protocols, but many others do not have the capacity to develop these and/or perform manual processing. We provide multiple workflows for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in clinical samples by comparing several commercially available RNA extraction methods: QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAgen), RNAdvance Blood/Viral (Beckman) and Mag-Bind Viral DNA/RNA 96 Kit (Omega Bio-tek). We also compared One-step RT-qPCR reagents: TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix (FastVirus, ThermoFisher Scientific), qPCRBIO Probe 1-Step Go Lo-ROX (PCR Biosystems) and Luna ® Universal Probe One-Step RT-qPCR Kit (Luna, NEB). We used primer-probes that detect viral N (EUA CDC) and RdRP (PHE guidelines). All RNA extraction methods provided similar results. FastVirus and Luna proved most sensitive. N detection was more reliable than that of RdRP, particularly in samples with low viral titres. Importantly, we demonstrate that treatment of nasopharyngeal swabs with 70 degrees for 10 or 30 min, or 90 degrees for 10 or 30 min (both original variant and B 1.1.7) inactivates SARS-CoV-2 employing plaque assays, and that it has minimal impact on the sensitivity of the qPCR in clinical samples. These findings make SARS-CoV-2 testing portable to settings that do not have CL-3 facilities. In summary, we provide several testing pipelines that can be easily implemented in other laboratories and have made all our protocols and SOPs freely available at https://osf.io/uebvj/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Lista
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
- All these authors contributed equally to the completion of this work
| | - Pedro M. Matos
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
- All these authors contributed equally to the completion of this work
| | - Thomas J. A. Maguire
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
- All these authors contributed equally to the completion of this work
| | - Kate Poulton
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
- All these authors contributed equally to the completion of this work
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Robert Page
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Helin Sertkaya
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ana M. Ortega-Prieto
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aoife M. O’Byrne
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI). Centre for Rheumatic Diseases (CRD – EULAR Centre of Excellence). Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Clement Bouton
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ruth E Dickenson
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mattia Ficarelli
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeño
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark Howard
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gilberto Betancor
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rui Pedro Galao
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Adrian W Signell
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Harry Wilson
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Mark Tan Kia Ik
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Amita Patel
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Eithne MacMahon
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Emma Cunningham
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Katie Doores
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Monica Agromayor
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Juan Martin-Serrano
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Esperanza Perucha
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI). Centre for Rheumatic Diseases (CRD – EULAR Centre of Excellence). Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Hannah E. Mischo
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rahul Batra
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Jonathan Edgeworth
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Mark Zuckerman
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Virology. King’s College Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Michael H. Malim
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stuart Neil
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rocio Teresa Martinez-Nunez
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
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14
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Zanetti-Domingues LC, Korovesis D, Needham SR, Tynan CJ, Sagawa S, Roberts SK, Kuzmanic A, Ortiz-Zapater E, Jain P, Roovers RC, Lajevardipour A, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Santis G, Clayton AHA, Clarke DT, Gervasio FL, Shan Y, Shaw DE, Rolfe DJ, Parker PJ, Martin-Fernandez ML. The architecture of EGFR's basal complexes reveals autoinhibition mechanisms in dimers and oligomers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4325. [PMID: 30337523 PMCID: PMC6193980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) autoinhibition is based on X-ray structural data of monomer and dimer receptor fragments and does not explain how mutations achieve ligand-independent phosphorylation. Using a repertoire of imaging technologies and simulations we reveal an extracellular head-to-head interaction through which ligand-free receptor polymer chains of various lengths assemble. The architecture of the head-to-head interaction prevents kinase-mediated dimerisation. The latter, afforded by mutation or intracellular treatments, splits the autoinhibited head-to-head polymers to form stalk-to-stalk flexible non-extended dimers structurally coupled across the plasma membrane to active asymmetric tyrosine kinase dimers, and extended dimers coupled to inactive symmetric kinase dimers. Contrary to the previously proposed main autoinhibitory function of the inactive symmetric kinase dimer, our data suggest that only dysregulated species bear populations of symmetric and asymmetric kinase dimers that coexist in equilibrium at the plasma membrane under the modulation of the C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Dimitrios Korovesis
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Sarah R Needham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Christopher J Tynan
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | - Selene K Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Antonija Kuzmanic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Maths & Physical Sciences, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Peter Gore Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Purvi Jain
- Division of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C Roovers
- Merus, LSI, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alireza Lajevardipour
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | | | - George Santis
- Peter Gore Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew H A Clayton
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - David T Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Francesco L Gervasio
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Maths & Physical Sciences, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Yibing Shan
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - David E Shaw
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, 10036, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daniel J Rolfe
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW 1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK.
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15
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Claus J, Patel G, Autore F, Colomba A, Weitsman G, Soliman TN, Roberts S, Zanetti-Domingues LC, Hirsch M, Collu F, George R, Ortiz-Zapater E, Barber PR, Vojnovic B, Yarden Y, Martin-Fernandez ML, Cameron A, Fraternali F, Ng T, Parker PJ. Inhibitor-induced HER2-HER3 heterodimerisation promotes proliferation through a novel dimer interface. eLife 2018; 7:e32271. [PMID: 29712619 PMCID: PMC5929906 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While targeted therapy against HER2 is an effective first-line treatment in HER2+ breast cancer, acquired resistance remains a clinical challenge. The pseudokinase HER3, heterodimerisation partner of HER2, is widely implicated in the resistance to HER2-mediated therapy. Here, we show that lapatinib, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of HER2, is able to induce proliferation cooperatively with the HER3 ligand neuregulin. This counterintuitive synergy between inhibitor and growth factor depends on their ability to promote atypical HER2-HER3 heterodimerisation. By stabilising a particular HER2 conformer, lapatinib drives HER2-HER3 kinase domain heterocomplex formation. This dimer exists in a head-to-head orientation distinct from the canonical asymmetric active dimer. The associated clustering observed for these dimers predisposes to neuregulin responses, affording a proliferative outcome. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the liabilities involved in targeting kinases with ATP-competitive inhibitors and highlight the complex role of protein conformation in acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Claus
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gargi Patel
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division and Division of Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Sussex Cancer CentreBrighton and Sussex University HospitalsBrightonUnited States
| | - Flavia Autore
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Audrey Colomba
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gregory Weitsman
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division and Division of Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tanya N Soliman
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Selene Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Hirsch
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Francesca Collu
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roger George
- The Structural Biology Science Technology PlatformThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory ScienceKing’s College London, Guy’s HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul R Barber
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Boris Vojnovic
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological RegulationWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Angus Cameron
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division and Division of Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Department of Research OncologyGuy’s Hospital King’s College London School of MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College London, Guy’s CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
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16
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Pike R, Ortiz-Zapater E, Lumicisi B, Santis G, Parsons M. KIF22 coordinates CAR and EGFR dynamics to promote cancer cell proliferation. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/515/eaaq1060. [PMID: 29382784 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaq1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a transmembrane receptor that plays a key role in cell-cell adhesion. CAR is found in normal epithelial cells and is increased in abundance in various human tumors, including lung carcinomas. We investigated the potential mechanisms by which CAR contributes to cancer cell growth and found that depletion of CAR in human lung cancer cells reduced anchorage-independent growth, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent proliferation, and tumor growth in vivo. EGF induced the phosphorylation of CAR and its subsequent relocalization to cell junctions through the activation of the kinase PKCδ. EGF promoted the binding of CAR to the chromokinesin KIF22. KIF22-dependent regulation of microtubule dynamics led to delayed EGFR internalization, enhanced EGFR signaling, and coordination of CAR dynamics at cell-cell junctions. These data suggest a role for KIF22 in the coordination of membrane receptors and provide potential new therapeutic strategies to combat lung tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Pike
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Brooke Lumicisi
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - George Santis
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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17
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Jayo A, Malboubi M, Antoku S, Chang W, Ortiz-Zapater E, Groen C, Pfisterer K, Tootle T, Charras G, Gundersen GG, Parsons M. Fascin Regulates Nuclear Movement and Deformation in Migrating Cells. Dev Cell 2017; 38:371-83. [PMID: 27554857 PMCID: PMC4997957 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fascin is an F-actin-bundling protein shown to stabilize filopodia and regulate adhesion dynamics in migrating cells, and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential in a number of cancers. Here, we identified the nuclear envelope protein nesprin-2 as a binding partner for fascin in a range of cell types in vitro and in vivo. Nesprin-2 interacts with fascin through a direct, F-actin-independent interaction, and this binding is distinct and separable from a role for fascin within filopodia at the cell periphery. Moreover, disrupting the interaction between fascin and nesprin-2 C-terminal domain leads to specific defects in F-actin coupling to the nuclear envelope, nuclear movement, and the ability of cells to deform their nucleus to invade through confined spaces. Together, our results uncover a role for fascin that operates independently of filopodia assembly to promote efficient cell migration and invasion. Fascin binds directly to nesprin-2 at the nuclear envelope Fascin-nesprin-2 binding occurs independently of fascin-actin bundling The fascin-nesprin-2 complex regulates nuclear movement in migration Uncoupling the fascin-nesprin complex reduces nuclear deformation and cell invasion
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Jayo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Majid Malboubi
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Susumu Antoku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher Groen
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Karin Pfisterer
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tina Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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18
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Santis G, Parsons M. CAR: A key regulator of adhesion and inflammation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 89:1-5. [PMID: 28545889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a transmembrane receptor that plays a key role in controlling adhesion between adjacent epithelial cells. CAR is highly expressed in epithelial cells and was originally identified as a primary receptor for adenovirus cell binding. However, studies over the last 10 years have demonstrated that CAR plays a key role in co-ordinating cell-cell adhesion under homeostatic conditions including neuronal and cardiac development and cell junction stability; it has also been implicated in pathological states such as cancer growth and leukocyte transmigration during inflammation. Here we provide an overview of the functions of CAR as an adhesion molecule and highlight the emerging important role for CAR in controlling both recruitment of immune cells and in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - George Santis
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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19
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Lee RW, Owen W, Weitsman G, Fruhwirth G, Dunn RG, Neat MJ, McCaughan F, Parker P, Ng T, Santis G. MET-EGFR dimerization in lung adenocarcinoma is dependent on EGFR mtations and altered by MET kinase inhibition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170798. [PMID: 28141869 PMCID: PMC5283661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced lung cancer has poor survival with few therapies. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have high response rates in patients with activating EGFR mutations, but acquired resistance is inevitable. Acquisition of the EGFR T790M mutation causes over 50% of resistance; MET amplification is also common. Preclinical data suggest synergy between MET and EGFR inhibitors. We hypothesized that EGFR-MET dimerization determines response to MET inhibition, depending on EGFR mutation status, independently of MET copy number. We tested this hypothesis by generating isogenic cell lines from NCI-H1975 cells, which co-express L858R and T790M EGFR mutations, namely H1975L858R/T790M (EGFR TKI resistant); H1975L858R (sensitized) and H1975WT (wild-type). We assessed cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth/stroma formation in derived xenograft models in response to a MET TKI (SGX523) and correlated with EGFR-MET dimerization assessed by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). SGX523 significantly reduced H1975L858R/T790M cell proliferation, xenograft tumor growth and decreased ERK phosphorylation. The same was not seen in H1975L858R or H1975WT cells. SGX523 only reduced stroma formation in H1975L858R. SGX523 reduced EGFR-MET dimerization in H1975L858R/T790M but induced dimer formation in H1975L858R with no effect in H1975WT. Our data suggests that MET inhibition by SGX523 and EGFR-MET heterodimerisation are determined by EGFR genotype. As tumor behaviour is modulated by this interaction, this could determine treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W. Lee
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Owen
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Weitsman
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gilbert Fruhwirth
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute/St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G. Dunn
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Viapath, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Neat
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Viapath, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank McCaughan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Parker
- Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, King’s College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O' Gorman Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Santis
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Morton PE, Hicks A, Ortiz-Zapater E, Raghavan S, Pike R, Noble A, Woodfin A, Jenkins G, Rayner E, Santis G, Parsons M. TNFα promotes CAR-dependent migration of leukocytes across epithelial monolayers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26321. [PMID: 27193388 PMCID: PMC4872059 DOI: 10.1038/srep26321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-epithelial migration (TEpM) of leukocytes during inflammation requires engagement with receptors expressed on the basolateral surface of the epithelium. One such receptor is Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) that binds to Junctional Adhesion Molecule-like (JAM-L) expressed on leukocytes. Here we provide the first evidence that efficient TEpM of monocyte-derived THP-1 cells requires and is controlled by phosphorylation of CAR. We show that TNFα acts in a paracrine manner on epithelial cells via a TNFR1-PI3K-PKCδ pathway leading to CAR phosphorylation and subsequent transmigration across cell junctions. Moreover, we show that CAR is hyper-phosphorylated in vivo in acute and chronic lung inflammation models and this response is required to facilitate immune cell recruitment. This represents a novel mechanism of feedback between leukocytes and epithelial cells during TEpM and may be important in controlling responses to pro-inflammatory cytokines in pathological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny E Morton
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alexander Hicks
- Division of Asthma, Allergy &Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Division of Asthma, Allergy &Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Swetavalli Raghavan
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Rosemary Pike
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alistair Noble
- Division of Asthma, Allergy &Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Abigail Woodfin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emma Rayner
- Public Health England, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - George Santis
- Division of Asthma, Allergy &Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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21
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Lee RW, Ortiz-Zapater E, Weitsman G, Fruhwirth G, Owen W, Ng T, Santis G. T6 MET targeted therapy in Lung adenocarcinoma: Does ‘Resistant’ EGFR make a MET-responsive dimer? Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Nedbal J, Visitkul V, Ortiz-Zapater E, Weitsman G, Chana P, Matthews DR, Ng T, Ameer-Beg SM. Time-domain microfluidic fluorescence lifetime flow cytometry for high-throughput Förster resonance energy transfer screening. Cytometry A 2015; 87:104-18. [PMID: 25523156 PMCID: PMC4440390 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensing ion or ligand concentrations, physico-chemical conditions, and molecular dimerization or conformation change is possible by assays involving fluorescent lifetime imaging. The inherent low throughput of imaging impedes rigorous statistical data analysis on large cell numbers. We address this limitation by developing a fluorescence lifetime-measuring flow cytometer for fast fluorescence lifetime quantification in living or fixed cell populations. The instrument combines a time-correlated single photon counting epifluorescent microscope with microfluidics cell-handling system. The associated computer software performs burst integrated fluorescence lifetime analysis to assign fluorescence lifetime, intensity, and burst duration to each passing cell. The maximum safe throughput of the instrument reaches 3,000 particles per minute. Living cells expressing spectroscopic rulers of varying peptide lengths were distinguishable by Förster resonant energy transfer measured by donor fluorescence lifetime. An epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulation assay demonstrated the technique's capacity to selectively quantify EGF receptor phosphorylation in cells, which was impossible by measuring sensitized emission on a standard flow cytometer. Dual-color fluorescence lifetime detection and cell-specific chemical environment sensing were exemplified using di-4-ANEPPDHQ, a lipophilic environmentally sensitive dye that exhibits changes in its fluorescence lifetime as a function of membrane lipid order. To our knowledge, this instrument opens new applications in flow cytometry which were unavailable due to technological limitations of previously reported fluorescent lifetime flow cytometers. The presented technique is sensitive to lifetimes of most popular fluorophores in the 0.5-5 ns range including fluorescent proteins and is capable of detecting multi-exponential fluorescence lifetime decays. This instrument vastly enhances the throughput of experiments involving fluorescence lifetime measurements, thereby providing statistically significant quantitative data for analysis of large cell populations. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Nedbal
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Viput Visitkul
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Prabhjoat Chana
- Immune Monitoring Laboratory, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Matthews
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, Australia
| | - Tony Ng
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon M Ameer-Beg
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
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23
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Kiuchi T, Ortiz-Zapater E, Monypenny J, Matthews DR, Nguyen LK, Barbeau J, Coban O, Lawler K, Burford B, Rolfe DJ, de Rinaldis E, Dafou D, Simpson MA, Woodman N, Pinder S, Gillett CE, Devauges V, Poland SP, Fruhwirth G, Marra P, Boersma YL, Plückthun A, Gullick WJ, Yarden Y, Santis G, Winn M, Kholodenko BN, Martin-Fernandez ML, Parker P, Tutt A, Ameer-Beg SM, Ng T. The ErbB4 CYT2 variant protects EGFR from ligand-induced degradation to enhance cancer cell motility. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra78. [PMID: 25140053 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family that can promote the migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Therapies that target EGFR can promote the dimerization of EGFR with other ErbB receptors, which is associated with the development of drug resistance. Understanding how interactions among ErbB receptors alter EGFR biology could provide avenues for improving cancer therapy. We found that EGFR interacted directly with the CYT1 and CYT2 variants of ErbB4 and the membrane-anchored intracellular domain (mICD). The CYT2 variant, but not the CYT1 variant, protected EGFR from ligand-induced degradation by competing with EGFR for binding to a complex containing the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and the adaptor Grb2. Cultured breast cancer cells overexpressing both EGFR and ErbB4 CYT2 mICD exhibited increased migration. With molecular modeling, we identified residues involved in stabilizing the EGFR dimer. Mutation of these residues in the dimer interface destabilized the complex in cells and abrogated growth factor-stimulated cell migration. An exon array analysis of 155 breast tumors revealed that the relative mRNA abundance of the ErbB4 CYT2 variant was increased in ER+ HER2- breast cancer patients, suggesting that our findings could be clinically relevant. We propose a mechanism whereby competition for binding to c-Cbl in an ErbB signaling heterodimer promotes migration in response to a growth factor gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Kiuchi
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - James Monypenny
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel R Matthews
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jody Barbeau
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Oana Coban
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Brian Burford
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel J Rolfe
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Emanuele de Rinaldis
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dimitra Dafou
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Natalie Woodman
- Guy's and St Thomas' Breast Tissue and Data Bank, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah Pinder
- Guy's and St Thomas' Breast Tissue and Data Bank, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Cheryl E Gillett
- Guy's and St Thomas' Breast Tissue and Data Bank, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Viviane Devauges
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Simon P Poland
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gilbert Fruhwirth
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Pierfrancesco Marra
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ykelien L Boersma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William J Gullick
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - George Santis
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Martyn Winn
- Computational Science and Engineering Department, Daresbury Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Warrington, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Boris N Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peter Parker
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
| | - Andrew Tutt
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Simon M Ameer-Beg
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Lee R, Fruhwirth G, Weitsman G, Owen W, Ng T, Santis G. 357: Targeted therapy makes EGFR promiscuous: EGFR and c-Met interaction in lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Martínez-Bosch N, Fernández-Barrena MG, Moreno M, Ortiz-Zapater E, Munné-Collado J, Iglesias M, André S, Gabius HJ, Hwang RF, Poirier F, Navas C, Guerra C, Fernández-Zapico ME, Navarro P. Galectin-1 drives pancreatic carcinogenesis through stroma remodeling and Hedgehog signaling activation. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3512-24. [PMID: 24812270 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite some advances, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains generally refractory to current treatments. Desmoplastic stroma, a consistent hallmark of PDAC, has emerged as a major source of therapeutic resistance and thus potentially promising targets for improved treatment. The glycan-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal1) is highly expressed in PDAC stroma, but its roles there have not been studied. Here we report functions and molecular pathways of Gal1 that mediate its oncogenic properties in this setting. Genetic ablation of Gal1 in a mouse model of PDAC (EIa-myc mice) dampened tumor progression by inhibiting proliferation, angiogenesis, desmoplasic reaction and by stimulating a tumor-associated immune response, yielding a 20% increase in relative lifesplan. Cellular analyses in vitro and in vivo suggested these effects were mediated through the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, a crucial step for initiation of PDAC, was found to be regulated by Gal1. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Gal1 promoted Hedgehog pathway signaling in PDAC cells and stromal fibroblasts as well as in Ela-myc tumors. Taken together, our findings establish a function for Gal1 in tumor-stroma crosstalk in PDAC and provide a preclinical rationale for Gal1 targeting as a microenvironment-based therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maite G Fernández-Barrena
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Jessica Munné-Collado
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Research Program and Department of Pathology, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Research Program and Department of Pathology, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona
| | - Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; and
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; and
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Institute Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Martin E Fernández-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Lee R, Cousins DJ, Ortiz-Zapater E, Breen R, McLean E, Santis G. Gene expression profiling of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-derived cytological fine needle aspirates from hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer. Cytopathology 2012; 24:351-5. [PMID: 23216930 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) allows minimally invasive sampling of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes and has an established role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis and staging. Molecular biomarkers are being explored increasingly in lung cancer research. Gene expression profiling (GEP) is a microarray-based technology that comprehensively assesses genome-wide changes in gene expression that can provide tumour-specific molecular signatures with the potential to predict prognosis and treatment responsiveness. We assessed the feasibility of using EBUS-derived aspirates from benign and tumour-infiltrated lymph nodes for GEP. METHODS RNA was extracted from EBUS-directed transbronchial fine needle aspiration samples in routine clinical practice. GEP was subsequently performed in six patients with NSCLC, three of whom had tumour-infiltrated nodes and three who had benign lymph nodes; the differences in gene expression were then compared. RESULTS RNA was successfully extracted in 29 of 32 patients, 12 of whom were diagnosed with NSCLC. RNA yield (median, 12.1 μg) and RNA integrity (median, 6.3) were sufficient after amplification for GEP. Benign and malignant nodes in adenocarcinoma were discriminated by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering with different expression patterns between malignant and benign nodes. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the feasibility of RNA extraction and GEP on EBUS-derived transbronchial fine needle aspirates from benign and tumour-infiltrated lymph nodes in patients with known NSCLC in routine clinical practice. Further studies on larger patient cohorts are required to identify expression profiles that robustly differentiate benign from malignant lymph nodes in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lee
- Department of Asthma Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College LondonDivision of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UKMRC & Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UKDepartment of Respiratory MedicineDepartment of Cellular Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Roda O, Ortiz-Zapater E, Martínez-Bosch N, Gutiérrez-Gallego R, Vila-Perelló M, Ampurdanés C, Gabius HJ, André S, Andreu D, Real FX, Navarro P. Galectin-1 is a novel functional receptor for tissue plasminogen activator in pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:1379-90, e1-5. [PMID: 19171142 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) exerts many different functions in addition to its role in fibrinolysis. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), tPA is overexpressed and plays an important role in proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. tPA interaction with cell membrane receptors has been related to increased proteolytic activity and to signal transduction through nonenzymatic mechanisms. The aim was to analyze the role of galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous lectin that also is overexpressed in PDA, as a new functional receptor for tPA. METHODS Gal-1/tPA interaction was analyzed using surface plasmon resonance and pull-down assays. Pancreatic cells and tumors were used to study Gal-1 expression and localization by Western blot and immunostaining. Down-regulation of Gal-1 by small interference RNA was used to analyze the involvement of Gal-1/tPA interaction in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, cell proliferation, and invasion in pancreatic and fibroblastic cells. RESULTS Gal-1/tPA interaction is direct, specific, and of high affinity. Gal-1 moderately increases the catalytic activity of tPA. High Gal-1 levels were detected in PDA cells in culture, where it concentrates at the migration front, and in tissues, where it is expressed in epithelial cells and in the stroma. Down-regulation of Gal-1 abolished the effects of tPA on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, cell proliferation, and invasion, both in pancreatic and in tumor-derived fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a new molecular mechanism by which Gal-1 interaction with tPA contributes to PDA progression involving both transformed epithelial cells and tumor fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Roda
- Cancer Research Programme, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Peiró S, Roda O, Corominas JM, Aguilar S, Ampurdanés C, Real FX, Navarro P. Tissue plasminogen activator induces pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by a non-catalytic mechanism that requires extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation through epidermal growth factor receptor and annexin A2. Am J Pathol 2007; 170:1573-84. [PMID: 17456763 PMCID: PMC1854952 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal carcinoma and is involved in tumor progression. This effect is probably mediated through the activation of angiogenesis, cell invasion, and cell proliferation. Previous studies support the notion that the effects of tPA on cell invasion require its proteolytic activity. Here, we report the molecular mechanism responsible for the proliferative effects of tPA on pancreatic tumor cells. tPA activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway in a manner that is independent of its catalytic activity. We also show that at least two membrane receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor and annexin A2, which are overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, are involved in the transduction of tPA signaling in pancreatic tumors. This observation suggests the establishment of an amplification loop in tumor cell proliferation. Double immunofluorescence experiments showed co-localization of tPA/epidermal growth factor receptor and tPA/annexin A2 in pancreas cancer cells. These results add novel insights into the non-catalytic functions of tPA in cancer and the molecular mechanisms behind the effects of this protease on cell proliferation, including a role for epidermal growth factor receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Unitat de Biologia Cel.lular i Molecular, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Soriano-Ortega E, Marcote MJ, Ortiz-Masiá D, Aniento F. Trafficking of the human transferrin receptor in plant cells: effects of tyrphostin A23 and brefeldin A. Plant J 2006; 48:757-70. [PMID: 17059402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells possess much of the molecular machinery necessary for receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), but this process still awaits detailed characterization. In order to identify a reliable and well-characterized marker to investigate RME in plant cells, we have expressed the human transferrin receptor (hTfR) in Arabidopsis protoplasts. We have found that hTfR is mainly found in endosomal (Ara7- and FM4-64-positive) compartments, but also at the plasma membrane, where it mediates binding and internalization of its natural ligand transferrin (Tfn). Cell surface expression of hTfR increases upon treatment with tyrphostin A23, which inhibits the interaction between the YTRF endocytosis signal in the hTfR cytosolic tail and the mu2-subunit of the AP2 complex. Indeed, tyrphostin A23 inhibits Tfn internalization and redistributes most of hTfR to the plasma membrane, suggesting that the endocytosis signal of hTfR is functional in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments show that hTfR is able to interact with a mu-adaptin subunit from Arabidopsis cytosol, a process that is blocked by tyrphostin A23. In contrast, treatment with brefeldin A, which inhibits recycling from endosomes back to the plasma membrane in plant cells, leads to the accumulation of Tfn and hTfR in larger patches inside the cell, reminiscent of BFA compartments. Therefore, hTfR has the same trafficking properties in Arabidopsis protoplasts as in animal cells, and cycles between the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments. The specific inhibition of Tfn/hTfR internalization and recycling by tyrphostin A23 and BFA, respectively, thus provide valuable molecular tools to characterize RME and the recycling pathway in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
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Contreras I, Ortiz-Zapater E, Aniento F. Sorting signals in the cytosolic tail of membrane proteins involved in the interaction with plant ARF1 and coatomer. Plant J 2004; 38:685-698. [PMID: 15125774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In mammals and yeast, a cytosolic dilysine motif is critical for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization of type I membrane proteins. Retrograde transport of type I membrane proteins containing dilysine motifs at their cytoplasmic carboxy (C)-terminal tail involves the interaction of these motifs with the COPI coat. The C-terminal dilysine motif has also been shown to confer ER localization to type I membrane proteins in plant cells. Using in vitro binding assays, we have analyzed sorting motifs in the cytosolic tail of membrane proteins, which may be involved in the interaction with components of the COPI coat in plant cells. We show that a dilysine motif in the -3,-4 position (relative to the cytosolic C-terminus) recruits in a very specific manner all the subunits of the plant coatomer complex. Lysines cannot be replaced by arginines or histidines to bind plant coatomer. A diphenylalanine motif in the -7,-8 position, which by itself has a low ability to bind plant coatomer, shows a clear cooperativity with the dilysine motif. Both dilysine and diphenylalanine motifs are present in the cytosolic tail of several proteins of the p24 family of putative cargo receptors, which has several members in plant cells. The cytosolic tail of a plant p24 protein is shown to recruit not only coatomer but also ADP ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), a process which depends on both dilysine and diphenylalanine motifs. ARF1 binding increases twofold upon treatment with brefeldin A (BFA) and is completely abolished upon treatment with GTPgammaS, suggesting that ARF1 can only interact with the cytosolic tail of p24 proteins in its GDP-bound form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Contreras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Bahaji A, Cornejo MJ, Ortiz-Zapater E, Contreras I, Aniento F. Uptake of endocytic markers by rice cells: variations related to the growth phase. Eur J Cell Biol 2001; 80:178-86. [PMID: 11302523 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is now considered a basic cellular process common to plant cells. Although both non-specific and receptor-mediated endocytosis appear to take place in plant cells, the physiological role of the latter remains unclear. We have investigated the endocytic process in rice cell suspensions using two biotinylated proteins, peroxidase and bovine serum albumin (bHRP and bBSA), as markers. First, we show that markers are internalized by rice cells and appear in intracellular membranes. The uptake of the two markers is temperature dependent, saturable with time and markers dose and it is competed by free biotin. Thus, it shows the properties of a receptor-mediated process. We also show that uptake of markers is strongly influenced by growth phase as optimal uptake occurs during the lag phase, but the initiation of the exponential growth phase decreases uptake drastically. Arrest of the cell cycle by starvation of either a nutrient (phosphate) or a growth regulator (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), both components of the culture medium, does not modify the rate of bBSA uptake. Subsequent readdition of these components results in growth recovery and a dramatic decrease in bBSA uptake. On the other hand, nocodazole treatment, a method to arrest the cell cycle by microtubule depolymerization, inhibited bBSA uptake. The possible causes for this arrest of endocytosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bahaji
- Departament de Biología Vegetal, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells is mediated by COP (coat protein)-coated vesicles. Their existence in plant cells has not yet been unequivocally demonstrated, although coated vesicles (probably with a COP coat) can be seen by electron microscopy. At the gene level, plant cells seem to contain all the components necessary to form COP-coated vesicles. In this paper, we have used antibodies raised against mammalian COPI coat proteins to detect putative homologues in rice (Oryza sativa) cells. Using these antibodies, we have found that rice cells contain alpha-, beta-, beta'-, and gamma-COP, as well as ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) 1 protein. In addition, we show that antibodies against mammalian beta'-COP can immunoprecipitate not only beta'-COP but also alpha-, beta-, and gamma-COP, suggesting that COPI components in rice cells exist as a complex (or coatomer) in the cytosol, as in mammalian cells. Finally, we show that COP binding to membranes is GTP-dependent, and that ARF1 also binds to membranes in a GTP-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Contreras
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), 46100, Spain
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