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Soliman TN, Keifenheim D, Parker PJ, Clarke DJ. Cell cycle responses to Topoisomerase II inhibition: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209125. [PMID: 37955972 PMCID: PMC10641588 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA Topoisomerase IIA (Topo IIA) is an enzyme that alters the topological state of DNA and is essential for the separation of replicated sister chromatids and the integrity of cell division. Topo IIA dysfunction activates cell cycle checkpoints, resulting in arrest in either the G2-phase or metaphase of mitosis, ultimately triggering the abscission checkpoint if non-disjunction persists. These events, which directly or indirectly monitor the activity of Topo IIA, have become of major interest as many cancers have deficiencies in Topoisomerase checkpoints, leading to genome instability. Recent studies into how cells sense Topo IIA dysfunction and respond by regulating cell cycle progression demonstrate that the Topo IIA G2 checkpoint is distinct from the G2-DNA damage checkpoint. Likewise, in mitosis, the metaphase Topo IIA checkpoint is separate from the spindle assembly checkpoint. Here, we integrate mechanistic knowledge of Topo IIA checkpoints with the current understanding of how cells regulate progression through the cell cycle to accomplish faithful genome transmission and discuss the opportunities this offers for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya N. Soliman
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Keifenheim
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Duncan J. Clarke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Tamura N, Shaikh N, Muliaditan D, Soliman TN, McGuinness JR, Maniati E, Moralli D, Durin MA, Green CM, Balkwill FR, Wang J, Curtius K, McClelland SE. Specific Mechanisms of Chromosomal Instability Indicate Therapeutic Sensitivities in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4946-4959. [PMID: 32998996 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) comprises continual gain and loss of chromosomes or parts of chromosomes and occurs in the majority of cancers, often conferring poor prognosis. Because of a scarcity of functional studies and poor understanding of how genetic or gene expression landscapes connect to specific CIN mechanisms, causes of CIN in most cancer types remain unknown. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), the most common subtype of ovarian cancer, is the major cause of death due to gynecologic malignancy in the Western world, with chemotherapy resistance developing in almost all patients. HGSC exhibits high rates of chromosomal aberrations and knowledge of causative mechanisms would represent an important step toward combating this disease. Here we perform the first in-depth functional characterization of mechanisms driving CIN in HGSC in seven cell lines that accurately recapitulate HGSC genetics. Multiple mechanisms coexisted to drive CIN in HGSC, including elevated microtubule dynamics and DNA replication stress that can be partially rescued to reduce CIN by low doses of paclitaxel and nucleoside supplementation, respectively. Distinct CIN mechanisms indicated relationships with HGSC-relevant therapy including PARP inhibition and microtubule-targeting agents. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling revealed deregulation of various genes involved in genome stability but were not directly predictive of specific CIN mechanisms, underscoring the importance of functional characterization to identify causes of CIN. Overall, we show that HGSC CIN is complex and suggest that specific CIN mechanisms could be used as functional biomarkers to indicate appropriate therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings characterize multiple deregulated mechanisms of genome stability that lead to CIN in ovarian cancer and demonstrate the benefit of integrating analysis of said mechanisms into predictions of therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoka Tamura
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadeem Shaikh
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Muliaditan
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya N Soliman
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eleni Maniati
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Chromosome Dynamics, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary-Anne Durin
- Chromosome Dynamics, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Green
- Chromosome Dynamics, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances R Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Wang
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kit Curtius
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah E McClelland
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Parker PJ, Lockwood N, Davis K, Kelly JR, Soliman TN, Pardo AL, Marshall JJT, Redmond JM, Vitale M, Silvia Martini. A cancer-associated, genome protective programme engaging PKCε. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 78:100759. [PMID: 33039823 PMCID: PMC7689578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Associated with their roles as targets for tumour promoters, there has been a long-standing interest in how members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family act to modulate cell growth and division. This has generated a great deal of observational data, but has for the most part not afforded clear mechanistic insights into the control mechanisms at play. Here, we review the roles of PKCε in protecting transformed cells from non-disjunction. In this particular cell cycle context, there is a growing understanding of the pathways involved, affording biomarker and interventional insights and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Nicola Lockwood
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Khalil Davis
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Joanna R Kelly
- Cancer Research UK, Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Tanya N Soliman
- Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BE, UK
| | - Ainara Lopez Pardo
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Martini
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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Kelly JR, Martini S, Brownlow N, Joshi D, Federico S, Jamshidi S, Kjaer S, Lockwood N, Rahman KM, Fraternali F, Parker PJ, Soliman TN. The Aurora B specificity switch is required to protect from non-disjunction at the metaphase/anaphase transition. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1396. [PMID: 32170202 PMCID: PMC7070073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aurora B abscission checkpoint delays cytokinesis until resolution of DNA trapped in the cleavage furrow. This process involves PKCε phosphorylation of Aurora B S227. Assessing if this PKCε-Aurora B module provides a more widely exploited genome-protective control for the cell cycle, we show Aurora B phosphorylation at S227 by PKCε also occurs during mitosis. Expression of Aurora B S227A phenocopies inhibition of PKCε in by-passing the delay and resolution at anaphase entry that is associated with non-disjunction and catenation of sister chromatids. Implementation of this anaphase delay is reflected in PKCε activation following cell cycle dependent cleavage by caspase 7; knock-down of caspase 7 phenocopies PKCε loss, in a manner rescued by ectopically expressing/generating a free PKCε catalytic domain. Molecular dynamics indicates that Aurora B S227 phosphorylation induces conformational changes and this manifests in a profound switch in specificity towards S29 TopoIIα phosphorylation, a response necessary for catenation resolution during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R Kelly
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Silvia Martini
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola Brownlow
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Dhira Joshi
- Peptide Chemistry Platform, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stefania Federico
- Peptide Chemistry Platform, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Svend Kjaer
- Structural Biology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola Lockwood
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Tanya N Soliman
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BE, UK.
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Deiss K, Lockwood N, Howell M, Segeren HA, Saunders RE, Chakravarty P, Soliman TN, Martini S, Rocha N, Semple R, Zalmas LP, Parker PJ. A genome-wide RNAi screen identifies the SMC5/6 complex as a non-redundant regulator of a Topo2a-dependent G2 arrest. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2906-2921. [PMID: 30590722 PMCID: PMC6451093 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Topo2a-dependent arrest is associated with faithful segregation of sister chromatids and has been identified as dysfunctional in numerous tumour cell lines. This genome-protecting pathway is poorly understood and its characterization is of significant interest, potentially offering interventional opportunities in relation to synthetic lethal behaviours in arrest-defective tumours. Using the catalytic Topo2a inhibitor ICRF193, we have performed a genome-wide siRNA screen in arrest-competent, non-transformed cells, to identify genes essential for this arrest mechanism. In addition, we have counter-screened several DNA-damaging agents and demonstrate that the Topo2a-dependent arrest is genetically distinct from DNA damage checkpoints. We identify the components of the SMC5/6 complex, including the activity of the E3 SUMO ligase NSE2, as non-redundant players that control the timing of the Topo2a-dependent arrest in G2. We have independently verified the NSE2 requirement in fibroblasts from patients with germline mutations that cause severely reduced levels of NSE2. Through imaging Topo2a-dependent G2 arrested cells, an increased interaction between Topo2a and NSE2 is observed at PML bodies, which are known SUMOylation hotspots. We demonstrate that Topo2a is SUMOylated in an ICRF193-dependent manner by NSE2 at a novel non-canonical site (K1520) and that K1520 sumoylation is required for chromosome segregation but not the G2 arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Deiss
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola Lockwood
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hendrika Alida Segeren
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- High Throughput Screening, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tanya N Soliman
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Silvia Martini
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nuno Rocha
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robert Semple
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Claus J, Patel G, Autore F, Colomba A, Weitsman G, Soliman TN, Roberts S, Zanetti-Domingues LC, Hirsch M, Collu F, George R, Ortiz-Zapater E, Barber PR, Vojnovic B, Yarden Y, Martin-Fernandez ML, Cameron A, Fraternali F, Ng T, Parker PJ. Inhibitor-induced HER2-HER3 heterodimerisation promotes proliferation through a novel dimer interface. eLife 2018; 7:e32271. [PMID: 29712619 PMCID: PMC5929906 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While targeted therapy against HER2 is an effective first-line treatment in HER2+ breast cancer, acquired resistance remains a clinical challenge. The pseudokinase HER3, heterodimerisation partner of HER2, is widely implicated in the resistance to HER2-mediated therapy. Here, we show that lapatinib, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of HER2, is able to induce proliferation cooperatively with the HER3 ligand neuregulin. This counterintuitive synergy between inhibitor and growth factor depends on their ability to promote atypical HER2-HER3 heterodimerisation. By stabilising a particular HER2 conformer, lapatinib drives HER2-HER3 kinase domain heterocomplex formation. This dimer exists in a head-to-head orientation distinct from the canonical asymmetric active dimer. The associated clustering observed for these dimers predisposes to neuregulin responses, affording a proliferative outcome. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the liabilities involved in targeting kinases with ATP-competitive inhibitors and highlight the complex role of protein conformation in acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Claus
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gargi Patel
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division and Division of Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Sussex Cancer CentreBrighton and Sussex University HospitalsBrightonUnited States
| | - Flavia Autore
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Audrey Colomba
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gregory Weitsman
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division and Division of Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tanya N Soliman
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Selene Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Hirsch
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Francesca Collu
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roger George
- The Structural Biology Science Technology PlatformThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory ScienceKing’s College London, Guy’s HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul R Barber
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Boris Vojnovic
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological RegulationWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Angus Cameron
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division and Division of Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Department of Research OncologyGuy’s Hospital King’s College London School of MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College London, Guy’s CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
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