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Effect of cool-season adapted chickpea varieties on physicochemical and nutritional characteristics in ruminant systems. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yan X, Zhang F, Yu P. The inter-relationship between processing-induced molecular structure features and metabolic and digestive characteristics in hulled and hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains with altered carbohydrate traits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1207-1211. [PMID: 27311829 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine the microwave irradiation (MIR)-induced changes in protein molecular structures in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains in relation to the truly absorbable protein nutrient supply to ruminant livestock systems. Samples from hulled and hulless cultivars of barley, harvested in consecutive years from four replicate plots, were evaluated. The samples were either kept raw or were irradiated with microwaves for 3 min (MIR3) or 5 min (MIR5). The truly absorbable protein nutrient supply to ruminant livestock systems was evaluated using the DVE/OEB system (DVE, truly absorbed protein in the small intestine; OEB, degraded protein balance). Molecular structure changes as a result of processing were revealed by vibrational molecular spectroscopy in the mid-infrared electromagnetic radiation region. RESULTS Compared to the raw samples, MIR processing decreased (P < 0.05) the truly absorbable microbial crude protein and increased (P < 0.05) the truly absorbable rumen undegraded protein and endogenous protein supply without affecting the total truly absorbed protein supply to the small intestine (DVE) and degraded protein balance (OEB) in ruminant livestock systems. Changes in protein molecular structure (spectral intensities) were highly correlated with the changes in the truly absorbed protein nutrient supply to ruminant livestock systems. CONCLUSION The results of the present study show that the changes in protein molecular structure as a result of MIR feed processing were associated with the truly absorbed protein supply to ruminant livestock systems. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Yan
- The Branch Academy of Animal Science, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- The Branch Academy of Animal Science, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
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Yang L, Yu P. Synchrotron-based and globar-sourced molecular (micro)spectroscopy contributions to advances in new hulless barley (with structure alteration) research on molecular structure, molecular nutrition, and nutrient delivery. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:224-236. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.876386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Yang WZ, Oba M, Swift ML, McAllister TA. Short Communication: Variation in response to processing, in vitro gas production and fermentation of western Canadian feed barley. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Yang, W. Z., Oba, M., Swift, M. L. and McAllister, T. A. 2014. Short Communication: Variation in response to processing, in vitro gas production and fermentation of western Canadian feed barley. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 725–729. Sixty feed barley samples were collected from various locations in western Canada. Samples were either ground (1 mm) or dry-rolled to a processing index of 80%, and fermentability was assessed by measuring gas production (GP) and dry matter disappearances (DMD) at 0, 4, 8, 14 and 24 h of incubation using a batch culture technique. Physical and chemical composition, and GP and DMD varied substantially among samples. There were significant correlations among test weight and nutrient content of barley with GP and DMD of ground barley. The results indicate that the impact of nutrient content on in vitro DMD is more easily detected with ground than rolled barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Z. Yang
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - M. Oba
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - M. L. Swift
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - T. A. McAllister
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
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Yan X, Khan NA, Zhang F, Yang L, Yu P. Microwave irradiation induced changes in protein molecular structures of barley grains: relationship to changes in protein chemical profile, protein subfractions, and digestion in dairy cows. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6546-6555. [PMID: 24941451 DOI: 10.1021/jf501024j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate microwave irradiation (MIR) induced changes in crude protein (CP) subfraction profiles, ruminal CP degradation characteristics and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein (RUP), and protein molecular structures in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains. Samples from hulled (n = 1) and hulless cultivars (n = 2) of barley, harvested from four replicate plots in two consecutive years, were evaluated. The samples were either kept as raw or irradiated in a microwave for 3 min (MIR3) or 5 min (MIR5). Compared to raw grains, MIR5 decreased the contents of rapidly degradable CP subfraction (from 45.22 to 6.36% CP) and the ruminal degradation rate (from 8.16 to 3.53%/h) of potentially degradable subfraction. As a consequence, the effective ruminal degradability of CP decreased (from 55.70 to 34.08% CP) and RUP supply (from 43.31 to 65.92% CP) to the postruminal tract increased. The MIR decreased the spectral intensities of amide 1, amide II, α-helix, and β-sheet and increased their ratios. The changes in protein spectral intensities were strongly correlated with the changes in CP subfractions and digestive kinetics. These results show that MIR for a short period (5 min) with a lower energy input can improve the nutritive value and utilization of CP in barely grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Yan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8
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Damiran D, Jonker A, Yari M, McKinnon JJ, McAllister T, Yu P. Effect of wheat-based dried distillers' grains with solubles inclusion on barley-based feed chemical profile, energy values, rumen degradation kinetics, and protein supply. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4986-4993. [PMID: 22494317 DOI: 10.1021/jf205387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of replacing the barley grain portion of the diet by wheat-based dried distillers' grains with solubles (wDDGS) at graded levels on feeding value for beef cattle. Two cultivars of barley were mixed with two sources of wDDGS in ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75% (weight DM basis; denoted B0, B25, B50, and B75, respectively). This study revealed that increasing wDDGS inclusion level increased most of the nutritional composition linearly except for starch, which linearly decreased (from 609 to 320 g/kg of DM). Soluble, slowly degradable, and undegradable Cornel Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) protein and carbohydrate fractions linearly increased with increasing wDDGS inclusion level, whereas their rapidly and intermediately degradable fractions decreased. With increasing wDDGS inclusion, the rumen degradation rate of all measured parameters decreased linearly, the extent of degradability of organic matter was not affected, and the extent of CP degradability (g/kg DM) as well as the predicted protein supply in the small intestine and degraded protein balance in the rumen was increased. The inclusion of wDDGS in barley-based diets up to 50% did not alter energy values of the diet. Furthermore, optimum N to energy balance of the feed mixture for microbial growth in the rumen was reached by replacing 25% of barley by wDDGS. Thus, the nutritive value of the barley-based diets is manipulated by including wDDGS, which can be used to overcome the shortcomings of barley-dominated diets for beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daalkhaijav Damiran
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Walter LJ, McAllister TA, Yang WZ, Beauchemin KA, He M, McKinnon JJ. Comparison of wheat or corn dried distillers grains with solubles on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility by feedlot heifers1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:1291-300. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Liu N, Yu P. Correlation between median and mean irregular particle sizes and degradation kinetics in barley genotypes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 95:1-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu N, Yu P. Characterization of the microchemical structure of seed endosperm within a cellular dimension among six barley varieties with distinct degradation kinetics, using ultraspatially resolved synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7801-10. [PMID: 20524612 PMCID: PMC4465227 DOI: 10.1021/jf101233n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Barley varieties have similar chemical composition but exhibit different rumen degradation kinetics and nutrient availability. These biological differences may be related to molecular, structural, and chemical makeup among the seed endosperm tissue. No detailed study was carried out. The objectives of this study were: (1) to use a molecular spectroscopy technique, synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SFTIRM), to determine the microchemical-structural features in seed endosperm tissue of six developed barley varieties; (2) to study the relationship among molecular-structural characteristics, degradation kinetics, and nutrient availability in six genotypes of barley. The results showed that inherent microchemical-structural differences in the endosperm among the six barley varieties were detected by the synchrotron-based analytical technique, SFTIRM, with the univariate molecular spectral analysis. The SFTIRM spectral profiles differed (P < 0.05) among the barley samples in terms of the peak ratio and peak area and height intensities of amides I (ca. 1650 cm(-1)) and II (ca. 1550 cm(-1)), cellulosic compounds (ca. 1240 cm(-1)), CHO component peaks (the first peak at the region ca. 1184-1132 cm(-1), the second peak at ca. 1132-1066 cm(-1), and the third peak at ca. 1066-950 cm(-1)). With the SFTIRM technique, the structural characteristics of the cereal seeds were illuminated among different cultivars at an ultraspatial resolution. The structural differences of barley seeds may be one reason for the various digestive behaviors and nutritive values in ruminants. The results show weak correlations between the functional groups' spectral data (peak area, height intensities, and ratios) and rumen biodegradation kinetics (rate and extent of nutrient degradation). Weak correlations may indicate that limited variations of these six barley varieties might not be sufficient to interpret the relationship between spectroscopic information and the nutrient value of barley grain, although significant differences in biodegradation kinetics were observed. In conclusion, the studies demonstrated the potential of ultraspatially resolved synchrotron based technology (SFTIRM) to reveal the structural and chemical makeup within cellular and subcellular dimensions without destruction of the inherent structure of cereal grain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Corresponding author. College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 6D10 Agriculture Building, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8. Tel: +1 306 966 4132.
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