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Shi T, Lure M, Zhang R, Liu Z, Hu Q, Liu J, Yang S, Jing L. Indole-3-acetic acid improves periphyton's resistance to ultraviolet-B: From physiological-biochemical properties and bacteria community to livestock-polluted water purification. Environ Res 2024; 246:118029. [PMID: 38160980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Livestock-polluted water is a pressing water environmental issue in plateau pastoral regions, necessitating the adoption of eco-friendly solutions. Despite periphyton being a promising alternative, its efficacy is limited by the prevalence of intense ultraviolet radiation, particularly ultraviolet-B (UVB), in these regions. Therefore, this study employs molecular tools and small-scale trials to explore the crucial role of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in modulating periphyton characteristics and mediating nutrient removal from livestock-polluted water under UVB exposure. The results revealed that IAA augments periphyton's resilience to UVB stress through several pathways, including increasing periphyton's biomass, producing more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic activity of periphyton. Moreover, IAA addition increased periphyton's bacterial diversity, reshaped bacterial community structure, enhanced community stability, and elevated the R2 value of neutral processes in bacterial assembly from 0.257 to 0.651 under UVB. Practically, an IAA concentration of 50 mg/L was recommended. Small-scale trials confirmed the effectiveness of IAA in assisting UVB-stressed periphyton to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from livestock-polluted water, without the risk of nitrogen accumulation. These findings offer valuable insights into the protection of aquatic ecosystems in plateau pastoral regions based on periphyton property in an eco-friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional, Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maobulin Lure
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional, Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Run Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional, Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional, Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qianming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional, Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional, Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shengtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional, Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liandong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional, Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Liu S, Zhang X, Qu C, Luo X, Xing Y, Tan S, Jiang Y, Huang Q, Chen W. Ore improver additions alter livestock manure compost ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry. Environ Res 2024; 244:117904. [PMID: 38092239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the pivotal components of nutrient metabolism in compost is of paramount importance. To this end, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, enzyme vector modeling, and statistical analysis were employed to explore the impact of exogenous ore improver on nutrient changes throughout the livestock composting process. The total phosphorus increased from 12.86 to 18.72 g kg-1, accompanied by a marked neutralized pH with ore improver, resulting in the Carbon-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-related enzyme activities decreases. However, the potential C:P and N:P acquisition activities represented by ln(βG + CB): ln(ALP) and ln(NAG): ln(ALP), were increased with ore improver addition. Based on the ecoenzymatic stoiometry theory, these changes reflect a decreasing trend in the relative P/N limitation, with pH and total phosphorus as the decisive factors. Our study showed that the practical employment of eco stoichiometry could benefit the manure composting process. Moreover, we should also consider the ecological effects from pH for the waste material utilization in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Chang Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xuesong Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yonghui Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shuxin Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yi Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wenli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Lee ST, Stonecipher CA, Green BT, Welch KD, Gardner DR, Cook D. Ruminant metabolism of zygacine, the major toxic alkaloid in foothill death camas (Zigadenuspaniculatus). Toxicon 2024; 240:107651. [PMID: 38364982 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Death Camas (Zigadenus spp.) are common poisonous plants distributed throughout North America. The toxic alkaloids in foothill death camas are zygadenine and a series of zygadenine esters, with zygacine, the 3-acetyl ester of zygadenine, being the most abundant. Both cattle and sheep can be poisoned by grazing death camas, however, sheep consume death camas more readily and are most often poisoned. We hypothesized that the presence of enzymes, including esterases present in the rumen, liver, and blood of livestock would metabolize zygacine. The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolism of zygacine in sheep and cattle using in-vitro and in-vivo systems. Results from experiments where zygacine was incubated in rumen culture, plasma, liver S9 fractions, and liver microsomes and from the analysis of rumen and sera from sheep and cattle dosed death camas plant material demonstrated that zygacine is metabolized to zygadenine in the rumen, liver and blood of sheep and cattle. The results from this study indicate that diagnosticians should analyze for zygadenine, and not zygacine, in the rumen and sera for the diagnosis of livestock suspected to have been poisoned by foothill death camas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA.
| | - Clinton A Stonecipher
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Benedict T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Kevin D Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA
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Villa-Galaviz E, Smart SM, Ward SE, Fraser MD, Memmott J. Fertilization using manure minimizes the trade-offs between biodiversity and forage production in agri-environment scheme grasslands. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290843. [PMID: 37792796 PMCID: PMC10550152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A common practice used to restore and maintain biodiversity in grasslands is to stop or decrease the use of fertilizers as they are a major cause of biodiversity loss. This practice is problematic for farmers who need fertilizers to increase forage and meet the nutritional needs of livestock. Evidence is needed that helps identify optimal fertilizer regimes that could benefit biodiversity and livestock production simultaneously over the long-term. Here, we evaluated the impact of different fertilizer regimes on indicators related to both biodiversity (plant, pollinator, leaf miners and parasitoid Shannon-Weiner diversity, bumblebee abundance, nectar productivity and forb species richness), and forage production (ash, crude protein, ruminant metabolizable energy and dry matter). To this end, we used data from a grassland restoration experiment managed under four nutrient inputs schemes for 27 years: farmyard manure (FYM; 72 kg N ha-1 yr-1), artificial nitrogen-phosphorus and potassium (NPK; 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1), FYM + NPK (97 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and no-fertilizer. Results showed strong trade-offs between biodiversity and forage production under all treatments even in applications lower than the critical load in the EU. Overall, farmyard manure was the fertilizer that optimized production and biodiversity while 97 kg N ha-1 yr-1 of fertilizer addition (FYM+NPK) had the most negative impact on biodiversity. Finally, forage from places where no fertilizer has been added for 27 years did not meet the nutritional requirements of cattle, but it did for sheep. Rethinking typical approaches of nutrient addition could lead to land management solutions suitable for biological conservation and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Villa-Galaviz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M. Smart
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Ward
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Mariecia D. Fraser
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Pwllpeiran, Cwmystwyth, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Memmott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
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del Prado A, Lindsay B, Tricarico J. Retrospective and projected warming-equivalent emissions from global livestock and cattle calculated with an alternative climate metric denoted GWP. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288341. [PMID: 37782671 PMCID: PMC10545102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Limiting warming by the end of the century to 1.5°C compared to pre-Industrial times requires reaching and sustaining net zero global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and declining radiative forcing from non-CO2 greenhouse gas (GHG) sources such as methane (CH4). This implies eliminating CO2 emissions or balancing them with removals while mitigating CH4 emissions to reduce their radiative forcing over time. The global cattle sector (including Buffalo) mainly emits CH4 and N2O and will benefit from understanding the extent and speed of CH4 reductions necessary to align its mitigation ambitions with global temperature goals. This study explores the utility of an alternative usage of global warming potentials (GWP*) in combination with the Transient Climate Response to cumulative carbon Emissions (TCRE) to compare retrospective and projected climate impacts of global livestock emission pathways with other sectors (e.g. fossil fuel and land use change). To illustrate this, we estimated the amount and fraction of total warming attributable to direct CH4 livestock emissions from 1750 to 2019 using existing emissions datasets and projected their contributions to future warming under three historical and three future emission scenarios. These historical and projected estimates were transformed into cumulative CO2 equivalent (GWP100) and warming equivalent (GWP*) emissions that were multiplied by a TCRE coefficient to express induced warming as globally averaged surface temperature change. In general, temperature change estimates from this study are comparable to those obtained from other climate models. Sustained annual reductions in CH4 emissions of 0.32% by the global cattle sector would stabilize their future effect on global temperature while greater reductions would reverse historical past contributions to global warming by the sector in a similar fashion to increasing C sinks. The extent and speed with which CH4 mitigation interventions are introduced by the sector will determine the peak temperature achieved in the path to net-zero GHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin del Prado
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Edificio Sede no. 1, Planta 1, Parque Científico de UPV/EHU, Barrio Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque—Basque Foundation of Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Brian Lindsay
- Global Dairy Platform, Rosemont, IL, United States of America
| | - Juan Tricarico
- Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy, Rosemont, IL, United States of America
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Tuhamize B, Asiimwe BB, Kasaza K, Sabiiti W, Holden M, Bazira J. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenamases in Escherichia coli isolated from humans and livestock in rural south-western Uganda. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288243. [PMID: 37440483 PMCID: PMC10343067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of resistance genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains imposes limitations in the therapeutic options available for the treatment of infections caused by E.coli. Production of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) by E. coli renders it resistant to broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics. Globally there is existing evidence of spread of carbapenem-resistant E. coli in both humans and livestock driven by acquisition of the several other carbapenemase genes. Overall, there is little information regarding the extent of KPC gene distribution in E. coli. We set out to determine the prevalence, and evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic patterns of KPC in E. coli isolated from humans and their livestock in rural south western Uganda. METHODS A laboratory-based, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 96 human and 96 livestock isolates collected from agro-pastoralist communities in Mbarara district in south western Uganda. Phenotypic and molecular methods (PCR) were used for presence and identification of KPC genes in the E. coli isolates. A chi-square test of independence was used to evaluate the differences in resistant patterns between carbapenems and isolates. RESULTS The overall prevalence of carbapenem resistance by disk diffusion susceptibility testing (DST) for both humans and livestock isolates were 41.7% (80/192). DST-based resistance was identical in both human and livestock isolates (41.7%). The prevalence of carbapenem resistance based on Modified Hodge Test (MHT) was 5% (2/40) and 10% (4/40) for humans and livestock isolates respectively. Both human and livestock isolates, 48.7% (95/192) had the KPC gene, higher than phenotypic expression; 41.7% (80/192). blaKPC gene prevalence was overall similar in human isolates (51%; 49/96) vs livestock isolates (47.9%; 46/96). Approximately, 19% (15/80) of the isolates were phenotypically resistant to carbapenems and over 70% (79/112) of the phenotypically sensitive strains harbored the blaKPC gene. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that both human and livestock isolates of E. coli in our setting carry the blaKPC gene with a high percentage of strains not actively expressing the blaKPC gene. The finding of fewer isolates carrying the KPC gene than those phenotypically resistant to carbapenems suggests that other mechanisms are playing a role in this phenomenon, calling for further researcher into this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbra Tuhamize
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Benon B. Asiimwe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kennedy Kasaza
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Wilber Sabiiti
- Division of Infection and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Holden
- Division of Infection and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Bazira
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Morgavi DP, Cantalapiedra-Hijar G, Eugène M, Martin C, Noziere P, Popova M, Ortigues-Marty I, Muñoz-Tamayo R, Ungerfeld EM. Review: Reducing enteric methane emissions improves energy metabolism in livestock: is the tenet right? Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 3:100830. [PMID: 37263815 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of enteric methane in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock is considered as an energy loss in the equations for estimating energy metabolism in feeding systems. Therefore, the spared energy resulting from specific inhibition of methane emissions should be re-equilibrated with other factors of the equation. And, it is commonly assumed that net energy from feeds increases, thus benefitting production functions, particularly in ruminants due to the important production of methane in the rumen. Notwithstanding, we confirm in this work that inhibition of emissions in ruminants does not transpose into consistent improvements in production. Theoretical calculations of energy flows using experimental data show that the expected improvement in net energy for production is small and difficult to detect under the prevailing, moderate inhibition of methane production (≈25%) obtained using feed additives inhibiting methanogenesis. Importantly, the calculation of energy partitioning using canonical models might not be adequate when methanogenesis is inhibited. There is a lack of information on various parameters that play a role in energy partitioning and that may be affected under provoked abatement of methane. The formula used to calculate heat production based on respiratory exchanges should be validated when methanogenesis is inhibited. Also, a better understanding is needed of the effects of inhibition on fermentation products, fermentation heat, and microbial biomass. Inhibition induces the accumulation of H2, the main substrate used to produce methane, that has no energetic value for the host, and it is not extensively used by the majority of rumen microbes. Currently, the fate of this excess of H2 and its consequences on the microbiota and the host are not well known. All this additional information will provide a better account of energy transactions in ruminants when enteric methanogenesis is inhibited. Based on the available information, it is concluded that the claim that enteric methane inhibition will translate into more feed-efficient animals is not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France.
| | - G Cantalapiedra-Hijar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - M Eugène
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - C Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - P Noziere
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - M Popova
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - I Ortigues-Marty
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - R Muñoz-Tamayo
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Temuco 4880000, Chile
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Del Prado A, Lynch J, Liu S, Ridoutt B, Pardo G, Mitloehner F. Animal board invited review: Opportunities and challenges in using GWP* to report the impact of ruminant livestock on global temperature change. Animal 2023; 17:100790. [PMID: 37099893 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminant livestock is a large contributor of CH4 emissions globally. Assessing how this CH4 and other greenhouse gases (GHG) from livestock contribute to anthropogenic climate change is key to understanding their role in achieving any temperature targets. The climate impacts of livestock, as well as other sectors or products/services, are generally expressed as CO2-equivalents using 100-year Global Warming Potentials (GWP100). However, the GWP100 cannot be used to translate emission pathways of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) emissions to their temperature outcomes. A key limitation of handling long- and short-lived gases in the same manner is revealed in the context of any potential temperature stabilisation goals: to achieve this outcome, emissions of long-lived gases must decline to net-zero, but this is not the case for SLCPs. A recent alternative metric, GWP* (so-called 'GWP-star'), has been proposed to overcome these concerns. GWP* allows for simple appraisals of warming over time for emission series of different GHGs that may not be obvious if using pulse-emission metrics (i.e. GWP100). In this article, we explore some of the strengths and limitations of GWP* for reporting the contribution of ruminant livestock systems to global temperature change. A number of case studies are used to illustrate the potential use of the GWP* metric to, for example, understand the current contribution of different ruminant livestock production systems to global warming, appraise how different production systems or mitigations compare (having a temporal element), and seeing how possible emission pathways driven by changes in production, emissions intensity and gas composition show different impacts over time. We suggest that for some contexts, particularly if trying to directly infer contributions to additional warming, GWP* or similar approaches can provide important insight that would not be gained from conventional GWP100 reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Del Prado
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Edificio Sede N° 1, Planta 1ª, Parque Científico de UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - J Lynch
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - B Ridoutt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia; University of the Free State, Department of Agricultural Economics, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - G Pardo
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Edificio Sede N° 1, Planta 1ª, Parque Científico de UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - F Mitloehner
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Contreras-Correa ZE, Messman RD, Swanson RM, Lemley CO. Melatonin in Health and Disease: A Perspective for Livestock Production. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030490. [PMID: 36979425 PMCID: PMC10046399 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence in the literature indicates an important role of endogenous and exogenous melatonin in driving physiological and molecular adaptations in livestock. Melatonin has been extensively studied in seasonally polyestrous animals whereby supplementation studies have been used to adjust circannual rhythms in herds of animals under abnormal photoperiodic conditions. Livestock undergo multiple metabolic and physiological adaptation processes throughout their production cycle which can result in decreased immune response leading to chronic illness, weight loss, or decreased production efficiency; however, melatonin’s antioxidant capacity and immunostimulatory properties could alleviate these effects. The cardiovascular system responds to melatonin and depending on receptor type and localization, melatonin can vasodilate or vasoconstrict several systemic arteries, thereby controlling whole animal nutrient partitioning via vascular resistance. Increased incidences of non-communicable diseases in populations exposed to circadian disruption have uncovered novel pathways of neurohormones, such as melatonin, influence health, and disease. Perturbations in immune function can negatively impact the growth and development of livestock which has been examined following melatonin supplementation. Specifically, melatonin can influence nutrient uptake, circulating nutrient profiles, and endocrine profiles controlling economically important livestock growth and development. This review focuses on the physiological, cellular, and molecular implications of melatonin on the health and disease of domesticated food animals.
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10
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Hanif S, Lateef M, Hussain K, Hyder S, Usman B, Zaman K, Asif M. Controlling air pollution by lowering methane emissions, conserving natural resources, and slowing urbanization in a panel of selected Asian economies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271387. [PMID: 35984821 PMCID: PMC9390938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The destruction of the earth’s ecosystems is the most pressing issue globally. Carbon emissions account for nearly half of global air pollution. Methane is the primary source of ground-level ozone and a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), with greater warming potential than carbon dioxide emissions. The study examines the impact of the different methane emissions (released by agriculture, energy, and industrial sectors), urbanization, natural resource depletion, and livestock production on carbon emissions in the panel of selected Asian countries for the period of 1971 to 2020. The results show that energy associated methane emissions, livestock production, natural resource depletion, and urbanization are the main detrimental factors of environmental degradation across countries. The causality estimates show the unidirectional relationship running from livestock production and agriculture methane emissions to carbon emissions, from total methane emissions and carbon emissions to urbanization and from urbanization to energy methane emissions and livestock production. The forecasting estimates suggest that total methane emissions, natural resource depletion, and urbanization will likely increase carbon emissions over the next ten years. The study concludes that the energy sector should adopt renewable energy sources in its production process to minimize carbon emissions. Urbanization and excessive resource exploitation must be curtailed to attain carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadoon Hanif
- Department of Economics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Majid Lateef
- College of International Education, Baise University, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Kamil Hussain
- Department of Management Sciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Shabir Hyder
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Usman
- School of Management, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Zaman
- Department of Economics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Business Administration, Air University, Multan, Pakistan
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11
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Grgic D, Varga E, Novak B, Müller A, Marko D. Isoflavones in Animals: Metabolism and Effects in Livestock and Occurrence in Feed. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:836. [PMID: 34941674 PMCID: PMC8705642 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are a common ingredient of animal feed. They contain isoflavones, which are known to act as phytoestrogens in animals. Isoflavones were described to have beneficial effects on farm animals. However, there are also reports of negative outcomes after the consumption of isoflavones. This review summarizes the current knowledge of metabolization of isoflavones (including the influence of the microbiome, phase I and phase II metabolism), as well as the distribution of isoflavones and their metabolites in tissues. Furthermore, published studies on effects of isoflavones in livestock species (pigs, poultry, ruminants, fish) are reviewed. Moreover, published studies on occurrence of isoflavones in feed materials and co-occurrence with zearalenone are presented and are supplemented with our own survey data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Grgic
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Barbara Novak
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (B.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Anneliese Müller
- BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (B.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.G.); (E.V.)
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12
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Domingo NGG, Balasubramanian S, Thakrar SK, Clark MA, Adams PJ, Marshall JD, Muller NZ, Pandis SN, Polasky S, Robinson AL, Tessum CW, Tilman D, Tschofen P, Hill JD. Air quality-related health damages of food. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2013637118. [PMID: 33972419 PMCID: PMC8158015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013637118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is a major contributor to air pollution, the largest environmental risk factor for mortality in the United States and worldwide. It is largely unknown, however, how individual foods or entire diets affect human health via poor air quality. We show how food production negatively impacts human health by increasing atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and we identify ways to reduce these negative impacts of agriculture. We quantify the air quality-related health damages attributable to 95 agricultural commodities and 67 final food products, which encompass >99% of agricultural production in the United States. Agricultural production in the United States results in 17,900 annual air quality-related deaths, 15,900 of which are from food production. Of those, 80% are attributable to animal-based foods, both directly from animal production and indirectly from growing animal feed. On-farm interventions can reduce PM2.5-related mortality by 50%, including improved livestock waste management and fertilizer application practices that reduce emissions of ammonia, a secondary PM2.5 precursor, and improved crop and animal production practices that reduce primary PM2.5 emissions from tillage, field burning, livestock dust, and machinery. Dietary shifts toward more plant-based foods that maintain protein intake and other nutritional needs could reduce agricultural air quality-related mortality by 68 to 83%. In sum, improved livestock and fertilization practices, and dietary shifts could greatly decrease the health impacts of agriculture caused by its contribution to reduced air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G G Domingo
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Srinidhi Balasubramanian
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Sumil K Thakrar
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Michael A Clark
- Oxford Martin School, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Adams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Nicholas Z Muller
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Spyros N Pandis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Stephen Polasky
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Allen L Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Christopher W Tessum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Peter Tschofen
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jason D Hill
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;
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13
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Jackson RD. Soil nitrate leaching under grazed cool-season grass pastures of the North Central US. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:5307-5312. [PMID: 32520402 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate leaching from agricultural cropping systems contributes to widespread and devastating eutrophication of water bodies globally. In the North Central USA, this problem is acute, with millions of dollars spent annually in efforts to clean up recreational and drinking water. The frequent soil disturbance and exogenous nitrogen (N) amendments applied in annual cropping systems make them major sources of ground- and surface-water nitrate pollution. Perennial grasslands under managed livestock grazing have been touted for their ability to retain soils and nutrients while simultaneously providing milk and meat to society. The present study provides an evaluation of the peer-reviewed literature addressing nitrate leaching loads beneath corn, pasture and prairie in temperate humid and sub-humid regions of the US, with a focus on cool-season grass pastures. Inputs of exogenous N to these agroecosystems comes from wet and dry deposition, livestock manure from imported feed, biological fixation and inorganic N fertilizer. Nitrate loads were highest beneath corn and lowest beneath restored prairie and switchgrass managed for bioenergy. Cool-season grass pastures had relatively low levels of nitrate leaching loads where little or no N was applied. However, where grazed perennial grasslands had inorganic N applied, nitrate leaching loads rivaled those of corn in some cases. When producing milk and meat from livestock, grazed perennial cool-season grass pastures should reduce nitrate leaching loads compared to growing corn that is used to feed livestock in confinement. However, cool-season grass pastures can lose significant nitrate to leaching with moderate- to high-levels of exogenous N inputs. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall D Jackson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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14
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Lee JC, Jang JK, Kim HW. Sulfonamide degradation and metabolite characterization in submerged membrane photobioreactors for livestock excreta treatment. Chemosphere 2020; 261:127604. [PMID: 32750616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Residual veterinary antibiotics have been detected in livestock wastewater treatment plants. Despite the long retention time, antibiotic treatment efficiency has shown clear limitations. In this study, we evaluated submerged membrane photobioreactors (SMPBR) during sulfonamide antibiotic-containing livestock wastewater treatment under mixotrophic and photoautotrophic conditions. The results showed that microalgal sulfur degradation and consumption under mixotrophic conditions accelerated the biomass concentration increase to 2800 mg VSS/L compared to the 1800 mg VSS/L measured under photoautotrophic conditions. Although microalgal metabolites, such as soluble microbial products and extracellular polymeric substances, might cause membrane fouling in the SMPBR, we proved that microalgae could remove sulfonamide and release degradation-associated sulfur, along with nitrogen and phosphorus. Moreover, this study confirms the statistical correlation between metabolites and sulfonamides. In summary, the results of this study provide promising insights into antibiotic-containing livestock wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Cheol Lee
- Division of Civil/Environmental/Mineral Resources & Energy Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Kyung Jang
- Energy and Environmental Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, 54875, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Division of Civil/Environmental/Mineral Resources & Energy Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Chen S, Wang J, Feng H, Shen D, He S, Xu Y. Quantitative study on the fate of antibiotic emissions in China. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:3471-3479. [PMID: 32419089 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
China, the largest producer and user of antibiotics in the world, discharges excessive amounts of these substances into the environment, without prior treatment. This results in ubiquitous distribution of these substances, as well as increased levels of drug-resistant bacteria, that will eventually cause unimaginable consequences to the environment and to humans. However, most of the research on antibiotics has focused on residue analysis of single medium such as wastewater and landfills. There is paucity of research that systematically investigates the fate of antibiotics after excretion, and specifically of end-treatment processes. In this paper, the fate of antibiotic emissions is systematically calculated. The results show that human and livestock feces account for 57.6% and 42.6% of the discharge of medicinal antibiotics and veterinary antibiotics, respectively. Of these feces types, pig feces accounted for 98.7% of antibiotic residues in livestock feces. The above conclusions can be used to clarify the direction of the tracking and supervision of antibiotic residues and provide new ideas for the treatment of antibiotics, especially their terminal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Huajun Feng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Shichong He
- Zhejiang Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yingfeng Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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16
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Raisbeck MF. Water Quality for Grazing Livestock I. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:547-579. [PMID: 32943304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is the most important nutrient for rangeland livestock. However, competition with municipalities, industry, and other water users often results in grazing livestock being forced to use water supplies that are less than perfect. Surface water in western rangleands are often contaminated by mineral extraction, irrigation runoff and other human activities. Mineral contaminants in drinking water are additive with similar contaminants in feedstuffs. The goal of this and the subsequent article is to provide producers and veterinarians with the basic background to make informed decisions about whether a given water supply is "safe" for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merl F Raisbeck
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Wyoming, 2852 Riverside, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
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17
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Lecrenier MC, Veys P, Fumière O, Berben G, Saegerman C, Baeten V. Official Feed Control Linked to the Detection of Animal Byproducts: Past, Present, and Future. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:8093-8103. [PMID: 32614586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the expansion of the human population, availability of food, and in extension of animal feed, is a big issue. Favoring a circular economy by the valorization of byproducts is a sustainable way to be more efficient. Animal byproducts are an interesting source of feed materials due to their richness in proteins of high nutritional value. Prevention and control efforts have allowed a gradual lifting of the feed ban regarding the use of animal byproducts. Nevertheless, the challenge remains the development of analytical methods enabling a distinction between authorized and unauthorized feed materials. This Review focuses on the historical and epidemiological context of the official control, the evaluation of current and foreseen legislation, and the available methods of analysis for the detection of constituents of animal origin in feedingstuffs. It also underlines the analytical limitations of the approach and discusses some prospects of novel methods to ensure food and feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Caroline Lecrenier
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), University of Liège (ULiège), Boulevard de Colonster 20 B42, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal Veys
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Olivier Fumière
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Berben
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), University of Liège (ULiège), Boulevard de Colonster 20 B42, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Baeten
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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18
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Yang S, Li Y, De Boevre M, De Saeger S, Zhou J, Li Y, Zhang H, Sun F. Toxicokinetics of α-zearalenol and its masked form in rats and the comparative biotransformation in liver microsomes from different livestock and humans. J Hazard Mater 2020; 393:121403. [PMID: 32143155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and its masked form α-zearalenol-14 glucoside (α-ZEL-14G) have much higher oestrogenic activity than zearalenone. Owing to very limited toxicokinetic and metabolic data, no reference points could be established for risk assessment. To circumvent it, the toxicokinetic, metabolic profiles, and phenotyping of α-ZEL and α-ZEL-14G were comprehensively investigated in this study. As a result, the plasma concentrations of α-ZEL and α-ZEL-14G were all below LOQ after oral administration, while after iv injection, both could be significantly bio-transformed into various metabolites. A complete hydrolysis of α-ZEL-14G contributed to α-ZEL overall toxicity. Additionally, 31 phase I and 10 phase II metabolites of α-ZEL, and 9 phase I and 5 phase II metabolites were identified for α-ZEL-14G. For α-ZEL, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and glucuronidation were the major metabolic pathways, while for α-ZEL-14G, it was deglycosylation, reduction, hydroxylation, and glucuronidation. Significant metabolic differences were observed for α-ZEL and α-ZEL-14G in the liver microsomes of rats, chickens, swine, goats, cows and humans. Phenotyping studies indicated that α-ZEL and α-ZEL-14G were mediated by CYP 3A4, 2C8, and 1A2. Moreover, the deglycosylation of α-ZEL-14G was critically mediated by CES-I and CES-II. The acquired data would provide fundamental perspectives for risk evaluation of mycotoxins and their modified forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshen Li
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feifei Sun
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China; College of Aminal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Maxin G, Cornu A, Andueza D, Laverroux S, Graulet B. Carotenoid, Tocopherol, and Phenolic Compound Content and Composition in Cover Crops Used as Forage. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:6286-6296. [PMID: 32378895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Secondary compounds of grassland and forage plant species such as vitamins or phenolic compounds are involved in different health-promoting effects in animals. However, information on their concentration and composition in forage plant species remains scarce. The objective of this study was to characterize the composition of secondary compounds of seven grazed cover crop plant species harvested at two stages of growth. Carotenoids and tocopherols were characterized and quantified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array, and soluble phenolic compounds were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. All species were rich in carotenoids, especially at the vegetative stage, even if the concentrations varied between plant species. Variations in tocopherol concentrations and phenolic composition were more important between plant species than between stages within species. Among the plant species tested, sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) contained the most secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Maxin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Agnès Cornu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Donato Andueza
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Sophie Laverroux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Benoît Graulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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20
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Edgar JA, Molyneux RJ, Colegate SM. Linking Dietary Exposure to 1,2-Dehydropyrrolizidine Alkaloids with Cancers and Chemotherapy-Induced Pulmonary and Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Diseases. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:5995-5997. [PMID: 32432873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John A Edgar
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia
| | - Russell J Molyneux
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4091, United States
| | - Steven M Colegate
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States
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21
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Song QY, Li F, Nan ZB, Coulter JA, Wei WJ. Do Epichloë Endophytes and Their Grass Symbiosis Only Produce Toxic Alkaloids to Insects and Livestock? J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:1169-1185. [PMID: 31922733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Epichloë endophytes in forage grasses have attracted widespread attention and interest of chemistry researchers as a result of the various unique chemical structures and interesting biological activities of their secondary metabolites. This review describes the diversity of unique chemical structures of taxa from Epichloë endophytes and grass infected with Epichloë endophytes and demonstrates their reported biological activities. Until now, nearly 160 secondary metabolites (alkaloids, peptides, indole derivatives, pyrimidines, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, phenol and phenolic acid derivatives, aliphatic metabolites, sterols, amines and amides, and others) have been reported from Epichloë endophytes and grass infected with Epichloë endophytes. Among these, non-alkaloids account for half of the population of total metabolites, indicating that they also play an important role in Epichloë endophytes and grass infected with Epichloë endophytes. Also, a diverse array of secondary metabolites isolated from Epichloë endophytes and symbionts is a rich source for developing new pesticides and drugs. Bioassays disclose that, in addition to toxic alkaloids, the other metabolites isolated from Epichloë endophytes and symbionts have notable biological activities, such as antifungal, anti-insect, and phytotoxic activities. Accordingly, the biological functions of non-alkaloids should not be neglected in the future investigation of Epichloë endophytes and symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730020 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730020 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Biao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730020 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey A Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , Minnesota 55108 , United States
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , People's Republic of China
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22
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Abstract
The study of the effects of nutrients on genome functioning, in terms of gene transcription, protein levels, and epigenetic mechanisms, is referred to as nutrigenomics. Nutrigenomic studies in farm animals, as distinct from rodents, are limited by the high cost of keeping livestock, their long generational distance, and ethical aspects. Yet farm animals, and particularly pigs, can serve as valuable animal models for human gastrological diseases, since they possess similar size, physiology, and nutritional habits and can develop similar pathological states. In livestock, the effects of dietary modifications have mostly been studied with reference to effective breeding and their influence on production traits and animal health. The majority of such studies have looked at the impact of various sources and quantities of fat and protein, supplementation with microelements, and plant-derived additives. The period of life of the animal—whether prenatal, neonatal, or mature—is typically considered when a modified diet is used. This review presents a summary of recent nutrigenomic studies in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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23
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Moura MT, Silva RLO, Nascimento PS, Ferreira-Silva JC, Cantanhêde LF, Kido EA, Benko-Iseppon AM, Oliveira MAL. Inter-genus gene expression analysis in livestock fibroblasts using reference gene validation based upon a multi-species primer set. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221170. [PMID: 31412093 PMCID: PMC6693880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) remains as an accurate approach for gene expression analysis but requires labor-intensive validation of reference genes using species-specific primers. To ease such demand, the aim was to design and test a multi-species primer set to validate reference genes for inter-genus RT-qPCR gene expression analysis. Primers were designed for ten housekeeping genes using transcript sequences of various livestock species. All ten gene transcripts were detected by RT-PCR in Bos taurus (cattle), Bubalus bubalis (buffaloes), Capra hircus (goats), and Ovis aries (sheep) cDNA. Primer efficiency was attained for eight reference genes using B. taurus—O. aries fibroblast cDNA (95.54–98.39%). The RT-qPCR data normalization was carried out for B. taurus vs. O. aries relative gene expression using Bestkeeper, GeNorm, Norm-finder, Delta CT method, and RefFinder algorithms. Validation of inter-genus RT-qPCR showed up-regulation of TLR4 and ZFX gene transcripts in B. taurus fibroblasts, irrespectively of normalization conditions (two, three, or four reference genes). In silico search in mammalian transcriptomes showed that the multi-species primer set is expected to amplify transcripts of at least two distinct loci in 114 species, and 79 species would be covered by six or more primers. Hence, a multi-species primer set allows for inter-genus gene expression analysis between O. aries and B. taurus fibroblasts and further reveals species-specific gene transcript abundance of key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo T. Moura
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberta L. O. Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Pábola S. Nascimento
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José C. Ferreira-Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ludymila F. Cantanhêde
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ederson A. Kido
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Benko-Iseppon
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. L. Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
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24
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Abstract
Fetal stress induces developmental adaptations that result in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birthweight. These adaptations reappropriate nutrients to the most essential tissues, which benefits fetal survival. The same adaptations are detrimental to growth efficiency and carcass value in livestock, however, because muscle is disproportionally targeted. IUGR adipocytes, liver tissues, and pancreatic β-cells also exhibit functional adaptations. Identifying mechanisms underlying adaptive changes is fundamental to improving outcomes and value in low birthweight livestock. The article outlines studies that have begun to identify stress-induced fetal adaptations affecting growth, metabolism, and differential nutrient utilization in IUGR-born animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Posont
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, PO Box 830908, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, PO Box 830908, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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25
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Satoh Y, Kakiuchi H, Ueda S, Akata N, Hisamatsu S. Concentrations of iodine-129 in livestock, agricultural, and fishery products around spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Rokkasho, Japan, during and after its test operation. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:61. [PMID: 30635730 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of iodine-129 (129I) and atomic ratios of 129I/127I in livestock (grass and milk), agricultural (cabbage, Japanese radish, and rice), and fishery (flatfish and brown alga) products collected from locations around the first Japanese commercial spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Rokkasho were measured from 2006 to 2016. The actual spent nuclear fuel rods were cut and processed to test the functioning of the plant that discharged controlled amounts of 129I to the atmosphere and coastal seawater during the period from 2006 to 2008 (the "cutting period"). Statistically significant increases in 129I concentration and 129I/127I ratio were observed during the cutting period in livestock products and flatfish. On the other hand, these parameters were statistically comparable during and after the cutting period in the other products. The radiation dose through the ingestion of the maximum 129I concentrations, measured in the different products, was estimated to be in the nanoSievert per year level. This value is much smaller than 1 mSv yr-1, which is the permissible authentic radiation dose for the general public. The 129I levels in the samples, especially in milk and flatfish, are discussed in context of the 129I discharge history from the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhi Satoh
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan.
| | - Hideki Kakiuchi
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
| | - Shinji Ueda
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
| | - Naofumi Akata
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6, Toki, Gifu, 509-5292, Japan
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26
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Mokomele T, da Costa Sousa L, Balan V, van Rensburg E, Dale BE, Görgens JF. Incorporating anaerobic co-digestion of steam exploded or ammonia fiber expansion pretreated sugarcane residues with manure into a sugarcane-based bioenergy-livestock nexus. Bioresour Technol 2019; 272:326-336. [PMID: 30384207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The co-digestion of pretreated sugarcane lignocelluloses with dairy cow manure (DCM) as a bioenergy production and waste management strategy, for intensive livestock farms located in sugarcane regions, was investigated. Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) increased the nitrogen content and accelerated the biodegradability of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and cane leaf matter (CLM) through the cleavage of lignin carbohydrate crosslinks, resulting in the highest specific methane yields (292-299 L CH4/kg VSadded), biogas methane content (57-59% v/v) and biodegradation rates, with or without co-digestion with DCM. To obtain comparable methane yields, untreated and steam exploded (StEx) SCB and CLM had to be co-digested with DCM, at mass ratios providing initial C/N ratios in the range of 18 to 35. Co-digestion with DCM improved the nutrient content of the solid digestates, providing digestates that could be used as biofertilizer to replace CLM that is removed from sugarcane fields during green harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapelo Mokomele
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Engineering Technology, Biotechnology Division, School of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Eugéne van Rensburg
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Johann F Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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27
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Zhang X, Wang M, Wang R, Ma Z, Long D, Mao H, Wen J, Bernard LA, Beauchemin KA, Tan Z. Urea plus nitrate pretreatment of rice and wheat straws enhances degradation and reduces methane production in in vitro ruminal culture. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:5205-5211. [PMID: 29635854 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urea pretreatment of straw damages fiber structure, while nitrate supplementation of ruminal diets inhibits enteric methane production. The study examined the combined effects of these treatments on ruminal substrate biodegradation and methane production using an in vitro incubation system. Rice and wheat straws were pretreated with urea (40 g kg-1 straw dry matter, DM) and urea + ammonium nitrate (34 + 6 g kg-1 dry matter (DM), respectively), and each straw (control, urea, urea+nitrate) was used in batch culture incubations in three replications (runs). RESULTS Urea pretreatment increased (P < 0.05) neutral-detergent solubles (NDS) content (+17%) and in vitro DM degradation of rice straw, in comparison with control. Urea+nitrate pretreatment of rice and wheat straws had higher (P < 0.05) NDS content, in vitro DM degradation and propionate molar proportion, and lower (P < 0.05) acetate:propionate ratio and lower methane production with a decline of methanogens, in comparison to control. CONCLUSIONS Urea+nitrate pretreatment combines positive effects of urea pretreatment and nitrate supplementation, and can be a potential strategy to improve ruminal biodegradation, facilitate propionate production and reduce methane production from lignified straws. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donglei Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxiang Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangnan Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | | | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
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28
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Valenzuela-Lamas S, Orengo HA, Bosch D, Pellegrini M, Halstead P, Nieto-Espinet A, Trentacoste A, Jiménez-Manchón S, López-Reyes D, Jornet-Niella R. Shipping amphorae and shipping sheep? Livestock mobility in the north-east Iberian peninsula during the Iron Age based on strontium isotopic analyses of sheep and goat tooth enamel. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205283. [PMID: 30379834 PMCID: PMC6209160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal mobility is a common strategy to overcome scarcity of food and the related over-grazing of pastures. It is also essential to reduce the inbreeding rate of animal populations, which is known to have a negative impact on fertility and productivity. The present paper shows the geographic range of sheep provisioning in different phases of occupation at the Iron Age site of Turó de la Font de la Canya (7th to 3rd centuries BC). Strontium isotope ratios from 34 archaeological sheep and goat enamel, two archaeological bones and 14 modern tree leaves are presented. The isotopic results suggest that sheep and goats consumed at the site were reared locally (within a few kilometres radius) during the whole period of occupation. The paper discusses the isotopic results in light of the socio-political structure of this period, as complex, strongly territorial societies developed during the Iron Age in the north-east Iberian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Institució Milà i Fontanals (CSIC-IMF), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Hector A. Orengo
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine Bosch
- Laboratoire Géosciences, CNRS- Université Montpellier, UMR-5243, Montpellier, France
| | - Maura Pellegrini
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Halstead
- Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ariadna Nieto-Espinet
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Institució Milà i Fontanals (CSIC-IMF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Jiménez-Manchón
- Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, UMR 5140, Labex ARCHIMEDE program IA- ANR-11-LABX-0032-01, Univ Paul-Valéry, CNRS, MCC, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Rafel Jornet-Niella
- Àrea de Prehistòria i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Lee MA. A global comparison of the nutritive values of forage plants grown in contrasting environments. J Plant Res 2018; 131:641-654. [PMID: 29550895 PMCID: PMC6015622 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Forage plants are valuable because they maintain wild and domesticated herbivores, and sustain the delivery of meat, milk and other commodities. Forage plants contain different quantities of fibre, lignin, minerals and protein, and vary in the proportion of their tissue that can be digested by herbivores. These nutritive components are important determinants of consumer growth rates, reproductive success and behaviour. A dataset was compiled to quantify variation in forage plant nutritive values within- and between-plant species, and to assess variation between plant functional groups and bioclimatic zones. 1255 geo-located records containing 3774 measurements of nutritive values for 136 forage plant species grown in 30 countries were obtained from published articles. Spatial variability in forage nutritive values indicated that climate modified plant nutritive values. Forage plants grown in arid and equatorial regions generally contained less digestible material than those grown in temperate and tundra regions; containing more fibre and lignin, and less protein. These patterns may reveal why herbivore body sizes, digestion and migration strategies are different in warmer and drier regions. This dataset also revealed the capacity for variation in the nutrition provided by forage plants, which may drive consumer species coexistence. The proportion of the plant tissue that was digestible ranged between species from 2 to 91%. The amount of fibre contained within plant material ranged by 23-90%, protein by 2-36%, lignin by 1-21% and minerals by 2-22%. On average, grasses and tree foliage contained the most fibre, whilst herbaceous legumes contained the most protein and tree foliage contained the most lignin. However, there were individual species within each functional group that were highly nutritious. This dataset may be used to identify forage plant species or mixtures of species from different functional groups with useful nutritional traits which can be cultivated to enhance livestock productivity and inform wild herbivore conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lee
- Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK.
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30
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Welch KD, Lee ST, Cook D, Gardner DR, Pfister JA. Chemical Analysis of Plants that Poison Livestock: Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:3308-3314. [PMID: 29557651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poisonous plants have a devastating impact on the livestock industry as well as human health. To fully understand the effects of poisonous plants, multiple scientific disciplines are required. Chemical analysis of plant secondary compounds is key to identifying the responsible toxins, characterizing their metabolism, and understanding their effects on animals and humans. In this review, we highlight some of the successes in studying poisonous plants and mitigating their toxic effects. We also highlight some of the remaining challenges and opportunities with regards to the chemical analysis of poisonous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - James A Pfister
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1150 E. 1400 N. , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
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31
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Abstract
The need for environmentally friendly practices in animal husbandry, in conjunction with the reduction of the use of synthetic chemicals, leads us to reconsider our agricultural production systems. In that context, grassland secondary metabolites (GSMs) could offer an alternative way to support to livestock health. In fact, grasslands, especially those with high dicotyledonous plant species, present a large, pharmacologically active reservoir of secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and quinones). These molecules have activities that could improve or deteriorate health and production. This Review presents the main families of GSMs and uses examples to describe their known impact on animal health in husbandry. Techniques involved for their study are also described. A particular focus is put on anti-oxidant activities of GSMs. In fact, numerous husbandry pathologies, such as inflammation, are linked to oxidative stress and can be managed by a diet rich in anti-oxidants. The different approaches and techniques used to evaluate grassland quality for livestock health highlight the lack of efficient and reliable technics to study the activities of this complex phytococktail. Better knowledge and management of this animal health resource constitute a new multidisciplinary research field and a challenge to maintain and valorize grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Poutaraud
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, INRA , UMR 1121, Colmar, 29 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68021 Colmar Cedex, France
| | - Alice Michelot-Antalik
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Plantureux
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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32
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Yan X, Zhang F, Yu P. The inter-relationship between processing-induced molecular structure features and metabolic and digestive characteristics in hulled and hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains with altered carbohydrate traits. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:1207-1211. [PMID: 27311829 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine the microwave irradiation (MIR)-induced changes in protein molecular structures in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains in relation to the truly absorbable protein nutrient supply to ruminant livestock systems. Samples from hulled and hulless cultivars of barley, harvested in consecutive years from four replicate plots, were evaluated. The samples were either kept raw or were irradiated with microwaves for 3 min (MIR3) or 5 min (MIR5). The truly absorbable protein nutrient supply to ruminant livestock systems was evaluated using the DVE/OEB system (DVE, truly absorbed protein in the small intestine; OEB, degraded protein balance). Molecular structure changes as a result of processing were revealed by vibrational molecular spectroscopy in the mid-infrared electromagnetic radiation region. RESULTS Compared to the raw samples, MIR processing decreased (P < 0.05) the truly absorbable microbial crude protein and increased (P < 0.05) the truly absorbable rumen undegraded protein and endogenous protein supply without affecting the total truly absorbed protein supply to the small intestine (DVE) and degraded protein balance (OEB) in ruminant livestock systems. Changes in protein molecular structure (spectral intensities) were highly correlated with the changes in the truly absorbed protein nutrient supply to ruminant livestock systems. CONCLUSION The results of the present study show that the changes in protein molecular structure as a result of MIR feed processing were associated with the truly absorbed protein supply to ruminant livestock systems. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Yan
- The Branch Academy of Animal Science, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- The Branch Academy of Animal Science, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
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33
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Marvasi M. Potential use and perspectives of nitric oxide donors in agriculture. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:1065-1072. [PMID: 27786356 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged in the last 30 years as a key molecule involved in many physiological processes in plants, animals and bacteria. Current research has shown that NO can be delivered via donor molecules. In such cases, the NO release rate is dependent on the chemical structure of the donor itself and on the chemical environment. Despite NO's powerful signaling effect in plants and animals, the application of NO donors in agriculture is currently not implemented and research remains mainly at the experimental level. Technological development in the field of NO donors is rapidly expanding in scope to include controlling seed germination, plant development, ripening and increasing shelf-life of produce. Potential applications in animal production have also been identified. This concise review focuses on the use of donors that have shown potential biotechnological applications in agriculture. Insights are provided into (i) the role of donors in plant production, (ii) the potential use of donors in animal production and (iii) future approaches to explore the use and applications of donors for the benefit of agriculture. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Marvasi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
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34
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Zhu LD, Li ZH, Guo DB, Huang F, Nugroho Y, Xia K. Cultivation of Chlorella sp. with livestock waste compost for lipid production. Bioresour Technol 2017; 223:296-300. [PMID: 27729191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation of microalgae Chlorella sp. with livestock waste compost as an alternative nutrient source was investigated in this present study. Five culture media with different nutrient concentrations were prepared. The characteristics of algal growth and lipid production were examined. The results showed that the specific growth rate together with biomass and lipid productivities was different among all the cultures. As the initial nutrient concentration decreased, the lipid content of Chlorella sp. increased. The variations in lipid productivity of Chlorella sp. among all the cultures were mainly due to the deviations in biomass productivity. The livestock waste compost medium with 2000mgL-1COD provided an optimal nutrient concentration for Chlorella sp. cultivation, where the highest productivities of biomass (288.84mgL-1day-1) and lipid (104.89mgL-1day-1) were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-D Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, and Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Department of Energy Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Vaasa, Vaasa 65101, Finland; Renewable Energy Research Group, Vaasa Energy Institute, Vaasa 65101, Finland.
| | - Z-H Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, and Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - D-B Guo
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - F Huang
- Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Y Nugroho
- Department of Energy Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Vaasa, Vaasa 65101, Finland
| | - K Xia
- Department of Energy Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Vaasa, Vaasa 65101, Finland
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McAllister TA, Meale SJ, Valle E, Guan LL, Zhou M, Kelly WJ, Henderson G, Attwood GT, Janssen PH. RUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Use of genomics and transcriptomics to identify strategies to lower ruminal methanogenesis. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:1431-49. [PMID: 26020166 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, methane (CH4) emissions account for 40% to 45% of greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant livestock, with over 90% of these emissions arising from enteric fermentation. Reduction of carbon dioxide to CH4 is critical for efficient ruminal fermentation because it prevents the accumulation of reducing equivalents in the rumen. Methanogens exist in a symbiotic relationship with rumen protozoa and fungi and within biofilms associated with feed and the rumen wall. Genomics and transcriptomics are playing an increasingly important role in defining the ecology of ruminal methanogenesis and identifying avenues for its mitigation. Metagenomic approaches have provided information on changes in abundances as well as the species composition of the methanogen community among ruminants that vary naturally in their CH4 emissions, their feed efficiency, and their response to CH4 mitigators. Sequencing the genomes of rumen methanogens has provided insight into surface proteins that may prove useful in the development of vaccines and has allowed assembly of biochemical pathways for use in chemogenomic approaches to lowering ruminal CH4 emissions. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomic analysis of entire rumen microbial communities are providing new perspectives on how methanogens interact with other members of this ecosystem and how these relationships may be altered to reduce methanogenesis. Identification of community members that produce antimethanogen agents that either inhibit or kill methanogens could lead to the identification of new mitigation approaches. Discovery of a lytic archaeophage that specifically lyses methanogens is 1 such example. Efforts in using genomic data to alter methanogenesis have been hampered by a lack of sequence information that is specific to the microbial community of the rumen. Programs such as Hungate1000 and the Global Rumen Census are increasing the breadth and depth of our understanding of global ruminal microbial communities, steps that are key to using these tools to further define the science of ruminal methanogenesis.
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Velthof GL, Hou Y, Oenema O. Nitrogen excretion factors of livestock in the European Union: a review. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:3004-3014. [PMID: 25959675 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Livestock manures are major sources of nutrients, used for the fertilisation of cropland and grassland. Accurate estimates of the amounts of nutrients in livestock manures are required for nutrient management planning, but also for estimating nitrogen (N) budgets and emissions to the environment. Here we report on N excretion factors for a range of animal categories in policy reports by member states of the European Union (EU). Nitrogen excretion is defined in this paper as the total amount of N excreted by livestock per year as urine and faeces. We discuss the guidelines and methodologies for the estimation of N excretion factors by the EU Nitrates Directive, the OECD/Eurostat gross N balance guidebook, the EMEP/EEA Guidebook and the IPCC Guidelines. Our results show that N excretion factors for dairy cattle, other cattle, pigs, laying hens, broilers, sheep, and goats differ significantly between policy reports and between countries. Part of these differences may be related to differences in animal production (e.g. production of meat, milk and eggs), size/weight of the animals, and feed composition, but partly also to differences in the aggregation of livestock categories and estimation procedures. The methodologies and data used by member states are often not well described. There is a need for a common, harmonised methodology and procedure for the estimation of N excretion factors, to arrive at a common basis for the estimation of the production of manure N and N balances, and emissions of ammonia (NH3 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) across the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard L Velthof
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Yong Hou
- Soil Quality Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Oene Oenema
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
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Ledgard SF, Welten B, Betteridge K. Salt as a mitigation option for decreasing nitrogen leaching losses from grazed pastures. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:3033-3040. [PMID: 25800825 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main source of nitrogen (N) leaching from grazed pastures is animal urine with a high N deposition rate (i.e. per urine patch), particularly between late summer and early winter. Salt is a potential mitigation option as a diuretic to induce greater drinking-water intake, increase urination frequency, decrease urine N concentration and urine N deposition rate, and thereby potentially decrease N leaching. This hypothesis was tested in three phases: a cattle metabolism stall study to examine effects of salt supplementation rate on water consumption, urination frequency and urine N concentration; a grazing trial to assess effects of salt (150 g per heifer per day) on urination frequency; and a lysimeter study on effects of urine N rate on N leaching. RESULTS Salt supplementation increased cattle water intake. Urination frequency increased by up to 69%, with a similar decrease in urine N deposition rate and no change in individual urination volume. Under field grazing, sensors showed increased urination frequency by 17%. Lysimeter studies showed a proportionally greater decrease in N leaching with decreased urine N rate. Modelling revealed that this could decrease per-hectare N leaching by 10-22%. CONCLUSIONS Salt supplementation increases cattle water intake and urination frequency, resulting in a lower urine N deposition rate and proportionally greater decrease in urine N leaching. Strategic salt supplementation in autumn/early winter with feed is a practical mitigation option to decrease N leaching in grazed pastures.
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Schils RLM, Postma R, van Rotterdam D, Zwart KB. Agronomic and environmental consequences of using liquid mineral concentrates on arable farms. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:3015-3024. [PMID: 25707548 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In regions with intensive livestock systems, the processing of manure into liquid mineral concentrates is seen as an option to increase the nutrient use efficiency of manures. The agricultural sector anticipates that these products may in future be regarded as regular mineral fertilisers. We assessed the agronomic suitability and impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions of using liquid mineral concentrates on arable farms. RESULTS The phosphate requirements on arable farms were largely met by raw pig slurry, given its large regional availability. After the initial nutrient input by means of pig slurry, the nitrogen/phosphate ratio of the remaining nutrient crop requirements determined the additional amount of liquid mineral concentrates that can be used. For sandy soils, liquid mineral concentrates could supply 50% of the nitrogen requirement, whereas for clay soils the concentrates did not meet the required nitrogen/phosphate ratio. The total GHG emissions per kg of plant available nitrogen ranged from -65 to 33 kg CO2 -equivalents. It increased in the order digestates < mineral fertiliser < raw slurries. CONCLUSIONS Liquid mineral concentrates had limited added value for arable farms. For an increased suitability it is necessary that liquid mineral concentrates do not contain phosphate and that the nitrogen availability is increased. In the manure-processing chain, anaerobic digestion had a dominant and beneficial effect on GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- René L M Schils
- Alterra Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Romke Postma
- Nutrient Management Institute, P.O. Box 250, 6700, AG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Debby van Rotterdam
- Nutrient Management Institute, P.O. Box 250, 6700, AG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kor B Zwart
- Alterra Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Li X, Zhang Y, Hannoufa A, Yu P. Transformation with TT8 and HB12 RNAi Constructs in Model Forage (Medicago sativa, Alfalfa) Affects Carbohydrate Structure and Metabolic Characteristics in Ruminant Livestock Systems. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:9590-9600. [PMID: 26492548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a phenylpropanoid polymer present in secondary cell walls, has a negative impact on feed digestibility. TT8 and HB12 genes were shown to have low expression levels in low-lignin tissues of alfalfa, but to date, there has been no study on the effect of down-regulation of these two genes in alfalfa on nutrient chemical profiles and availability in ruminant livestock systems. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of transformation of alfalfa with TT8 and HB12 RNAi constructs on carbohydrate (CHO) structure and CHO nutritive value in ruminant livestock systems. The results showed that transformation with TT8 and HB12 RNAi constructs reduced rumen, rapidly degraded CHO fractions (RDCA4, P = 0.06; RDCB1, P < 0.01) and totally degraded CHO fraction (TRDCHO, P = 0.08). Both HB12 and TT8 populations had significantly higher in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) at 30 h of incubation (ivNDF30) compared to the control (P < 0.01). The TT8 populations had highest ivDM30 and ivNDF240. Transformation of alfalfa with TT8 and HB12 RNAi constructs induced molecular structure changes. Different CHO functional groups had different sensitivities and different responses to the transformation. The CHO molecular structure changes induced by the transformation were associated with predicted CHO availability. Compared with HB12 RNAi, transformation with TT8 RNAi could improve forage quality by increasing the availability of both NDF and DM. Further study is needed on the relationship between the transformation-induced structure changes at a molecular level and nutrient utilization in ruminant livestock systems when lignification is much higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030, China
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada N5V 4T3
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8
- Tianjin Agricultural University , Tianjin 300384, China
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Liu L, Kong H, Lu B, Wang J, Xie Y, Fang P. The use of concentrated monosodium glutamate wastewater as a conditioning agent for adjusting acidity and minimizing ammonia volatilization in livestock manure composting. J Environ Manage 2015; 161:131-136. [PMID: 26164271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, concentrated monosodium glutamate waste (CMGW) was proposed as a conditioning agent to adjust acidity and decrease ammonia (NH3) volatilization in thermophilic aerobic composting based on two incubation experiments. The results showed that with the addition of CMGW, NH3 volatilization of compost mixture under high temperature phase decreased significantly and pH met the current national standard within 5.5-8.5. When CMGW dosage increased to 2% (v/w), the decrease in NH3 volatilization was as high as 78.9%. This effect was enhanced by repeated application of CMGW. Furthermore, although the electrical conductivity increased with the application of CMGW, both the germination index and the microbial respiration of compost mixture implied that CMGW had no negative effects on the maturity of compost, instead, a comprehensive maturity might be accelerated. It was concluded that CMGW was an optional conditioning agent for thermophilic aerobic composting of livestock manure in regards to adjusting acidity and preventing nitrogen loss from NH3 volatilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Haimin Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Agricultural Technology Popularization Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, PR China
| | - Beibei Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jibing Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuan Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ping Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Puppel K, Kapusta A, Kuczyńska B. The etiology of oxidative stress in the various species of animals, a review. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:2179-2184. [PMID: 25418967 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the consequence of an imbalance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants leading to cell damage and tissue injury. The exhaustion of antioxidant systems is one of the reasons for the occurrence of oxidative stress, which results in avalanche production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals. High oxidative stress is common in organs and tissues with high metabolic and energy demands, including skeletal and heart muscle, liver and blood cells. Stress arises in animals in response to unavoidable or adverse environmental conditions. In the external environment, which affects the body of the cow, there are four main groups of stressors: physical, chemical, biological and psychological. Physical stressors include fluctuations in ambient temperature as well as mechanical injuries. High ambient temperature is one of the factors affecting the productivity of cows. Biological stressors are conditioned by errors and irregularities in habits. Both of these phenomena have an adverse impact on both the resistance of animals and fertility and are the etiological agent of oxidative stress. Various mechanisms may be responsible for metal-induced oxidative stress: direct or indirect generation of ROS, depletion of glutathione and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes are well known for all redox-active and redox-inactive metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Puppel
- Cattle Breeding Division, Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, PL-02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kapusta
- Cattle Breeding Division, Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, PL-02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kuczyńska
- Cattle Breeding Division, Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, PL-02-786, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang H, Shi J, Liu X, Zhan X, Dang J, Bo T. Occurrence of free estrogens, conjugated estrogens, and bisphenol A in fresh livestock excreta and their removal by composting in North China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:9939-9947. [PMID: 24828825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient pretreatment and analytical method was developed to investigate the occurrence and fate of four free estrogens (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)), four conjugated estrogens (estrone-3-sulfate sodium salt (E1-3S), 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate sodium salt (E2-3S), estrone-3-glucuronide sodium salt (E1-3G), and 17β-estradiol-3-glucuronide sodium salt (E2-3G)), and bisphenol A (BPA) in three livestock farms raising beef cattle, cows, sheep, swine, and chickens in Qi County, which is located in North China. The results demonstrated that one cow and one beef cattle excreted 956.25-1,270.41 and 244.38-319.99 μg/day of total (free and conjugated) estrogen, respectively, primarily through feces (greater than 91%), while swine excreted 260.09-289.99 μg/day of estrogens, primarily through urine (98-99%). The total estrogen excreted in sheep and broiler chicken feces was calculated to be 21.64-28.67 and 4.62-5.40 μg/day, respectively. It was determined that conjugated estrogens contributed to 21.1-21.9% of the total estrogen excreted in cow feces and more than 98% of the total estrogen excreted in swine urine. After composting, the concentration of total estrogen decreased by 18.7-59.6%; however, increased levels of BPA were measured. In treated compost samples, estrogens were detected at concentrations up to 74.0 ng/g, which indicates a potential risk of estrogens entering the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
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Re GA, Piluzza G, Sulas L, Franca A, Porqueddu C, Sanna F, Bullitta S. Condensed tannin accumulation and nitrogen fixation potential of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. grown in a Mediterranean environment. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:639-45. [PMID: 24170625 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a forage legume found in temperate areas but is less widespread in Mediterranean environments. Compared with other perennial legumes, it has the advantage of containing condensed tannins (CT) that can be important for their implications on ruminant nutrition and health. Data on nitrogen (N) fixation by sainfoin in the literature originate from very different environments and only a few field data are available, so it is important to improve knowledge on the N fixation potential of this species, particularly under a Mediterranean climate. Here the accumulation pattern of polyphenolic compounds (total, non-tannic polyphenols and CT) and the N fixation potential of sainfoin were studied in order to contribute to its valorisation for sustainable farming management in Mediterranean environments. RESULTS CT concentrations were always in the range considered beneficial for animals, not exceeding 50 g delphinidin equivalent kg⁻¹ dry matter (DM). The regression of aerial fixed N on aerial DM showed a relationship of 22 kg fixed N t⁻¹ aerial DM in a Mediterranean environment. CONCLUSION A wider exploitation of sainfoin is suggested for production under rain-fed conditions, thus enlarging the limited set of available perennial legumes suitable for Mediterranean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Re
- CNR-ISPAAM, Istituto per il Sistema Produzione Animale in Ambiente Mediterraneo, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Herrero M, Havlík P, Valin H, Notenbaert A, Rufino MC, Thornton PK, Blümmel M, Weiss F, Grace D, Obersteiner M. Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20888-93. [PMID: 24344273 PMCID: PMC3876224 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1308149110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a unique, biologically consistent, spatially disaggregated global livestock dataset containing information on biomass use, production, feed efficiency, excretion, and greenhouse gas emissions for 28 regions, 8 livestock production systems, 4 animal species (cattle, small ruminants, pigs, and poultry), and 3 livestock products (milk, meat, and eggs). The dataset contains over 50 new global maps containing high-resolution information for understanding the multiple roles (biophysical, economic, social) that livestock can play in different parts of the world. The dataset highlights: (i) feed efficiency as a key driver of productivity, resource use, and greenhouse gas emission intensities, with vast differences between production systems and animal products; (ii) the importance of grasslands as a global resource, supplying almost 50% of biomass for animals while continuing to be at the epicentre of land conversion processes; and (iii) the importance of mixed crop–livestock systems, producing the greater part of animal production (over 60%) in both the developed and the developing world. These data provide critical information for developing targeted, sustainable solutions for the livestock sector and its widely ranging contribution to the global food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
- International Livestock Research Institute, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Petr Havlík
- International Livestock Research Institute, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria; and
| | - Hugo Valin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria; and
| | - An Notenbaert
- International Livestock Research Institute, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Philip K. Thornton
- CGIAR Research Programme on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Livestock Research Institute, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Blümmel
- International Livestock Research Institute, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Franz Weiss
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria; and
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria; and
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Cavenati S, Carvalho PN, Almeida CMR, Basto MCP, Vasconcelos MTSD. Simultaneous determination of several veterinary pharmaceuticals in effluents from urban, livestock and slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants using a simple chromatographic method. Water Sci Technol 2012; 66:603-611. [PMID: 22744692 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2012.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Minocycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, enrofloxacin and ceftiofur, commonly used veterinary pharmaceuticals, were searched in four urban, two livestock and two slaughterhouse effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the north of Portugal. A simple method that includes solid-phase extraction followed with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector was established and applied to the simultaneous determination of the five pharmaceuticals in WWTP effluents. This method, which is expeditious, inexpensive and available in most laboratories, showed to be useful for screening for problematic levels of drugs in WWTP effluents. It is known that several livestock and slaughterhouse effluents (pre-treated or treated) are discharged to the urban network before discharge into the environment. The presence of these drugs in such effluents can constitute a significant environmental problem that should be addressed, by the monitoring of these drugs and by implementation of methodologies that contribute to their decrease/elimination from wastewaters. Minocycline (≤6 μg L(-1)), oxytetracycline (≤7 μg L(-1)), tetracycline (≤6 μg L(-1)) and enrofloxacin (<2 μg L(-1)) could be detected and/or quantified in three urban effluents. Detectable levels of enrofloxacin (<2 μg L(-1)) and quantifiable levels of tetracycline (≤15 μg L(-1)) were found in the slaughterhouse effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavenati
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Lin Y, Zhang W, Huang Y. [Estimating spatiotemporal dynamics of methane emissions from livestock in China]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2011; 32:2212-2220. [PMID: 22619939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Combining Tier 2 method presented in the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2006) with GIS techniques, a primary estimation of methane emission from livestock in 2004 (including emission from enteric fermentation and manure management system) was made with county-level livestock statistics and 1 km x 1 km raster data. The results indicated that the methane emission from livestock was 12.79 x 10(6) tons totally in China, and 11.64 x 10(6) tons from enteric fermentation and 1.16 x 10(6) tons from manure management. The uncertainties of the methane emission from enteric fermentation and manure management were +/- 35.10% and +/- 14. 58% respectively. The high methane emission was at Yellow River basin, especially in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the North China Plain. The Southwestern China also can be found with high emission. In accordance with the seasonal temperature changes, the temporal variation of manure management emission was estimated the highest in summer and the lowest in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Suutari A, Ruokojärvi P, Kiviranta H, Verta M, Korhonen M, Nieminen M, Laaksonen S. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Finnish semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.). Environ Int 2011; 37:335-41. [PMID: 21040976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To explore the concentrations and dynamics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Finnish semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) the reindeer milk and tissue samples were collected from the sub-arctic northern Finland. Reindeer milk's PCB sum (1.20 ng g(-1) wet weight) and PCDD/F sum (0.70 pg g(-1) ww) in autumn were higher than in summer (PCBs 0.50 ng g(-1) ww and PCDD/Fs 0.20 pg g(-1) ww). The mean fat content in autumn milk (26%) was significantly higher than in summer (10%). Concentrations in reindeer milk were generally far below 50% of that in adult reindeer body burden. However, the bioaccumulation factors were multiple in milk/reindeer calf ratio and that aroused the question of other important exposure routes than lactation. The muscle and liver of reindeer calves had higher PCDD/F and PCB concentrations than adult animals that possibly indicate the significance of transfer of these compounds from dam to calf through lactation and placenta. However, PBDE concentrations were higher in adult reindeer, especially in liver. In addition, reindeer liver seems to have a special feature to collect highly toxic PCDD/Fs, although the PCB sum concentrations (range from 0.33 to 1.69 ng g(-1) wet weight) were clearly higher than the sums of PCDD/Fs (range from 3.78 to 39.2 pg g(-1) ww). Stillborn reindeer calves represented individuals who had got their PCDD/F, PCB and PBDE load only via the placenta. Concentrations in muscle and brown adipose tissue samples did not indicate dependency on fat content. Obviously effective placental transfer of PCBs and PBDEs from reindeer dam to foetus was seen in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Suutari
- University of Oulu, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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