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Costin A, Fisher D, Harper B, Nahhas RW, Sullenbarger J. Climate Change and Mental Health: An Interactive Educational Session. MedEdPORTAL 2024; 20:11418. [PMID: 38645713 PMCID: PMC11026302 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity, with direct and indirect impacts on mental health, yet health impacts of climate change remain notably absent from most medical school curricula. We describe a timely interactive educational session on climate change and mental health that was implemented and studied on a medical student clinical psychiatry rotation. Methods We developed a 1-hour introductory session on the mental health impacts of climate change and potential solutions. The session was delivered to third-year medical students on their 4-week clinical psychiatry rotation and included pre- and postsession survey questions assessing their knowledge, comfort, and readiness regarding the topic. Results Seventy students participated in the session, with 49 students completing the pre- and postsession surveys, giving a response rate of 70%. The average score for the four Likert-scale questions on the survey increased from 2.7 presession to 3.9 postsession on a 5-point scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). All questions displayed statistically significant improvement. Qualitative analysis identified knowledge gained about the mental health impacts of climate change as the most important aspect of the session to students. Discussion The introductory session effectively filled an urgent need in medical education curricula regarding climate change's effects on human health. Overall, distribution of and improvement upon this timely teaching content can serve a valuable role in medical student education as the effects of climate change, particularly on mental health, continue to progress throughout the century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Costin
- Fourth-Year Medical Student, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine
| | - Daniel Fisher
- Third-Year Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University
| | - Bethany Harper
- Director of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry and Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University
| | - Ramzi W. Nahhas
- Professor, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences and Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University
| | - John Sullenbarger
- Assistant Residency Training Program Director and Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University
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Manjunatha C, Rastogi CK, Manmadha Rao B, Girish Kumar S, Varun S, Raitani K, Maurya G, Karthik B, Swathi C, Sadrzadeh M, Khosla A. Advances in Hierarchical Inorganic Nanostructures for Efficient Solar Energy Harvesting Systems. ChemSusChem 2024:e202301755. [PMID: 38478710 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The urgent need to address the global energy and environmental crisis necessitates the development of efficient solar-power harvesting systems. Among the promising candidates, hierarchical inorganic nanostructures stand out due to their exceptional attributes, including a high specific surface area, abundant active sites, and tunable optoelectronic properties. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the fundamental principles underlying various solar energy harvesting technologies, including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), photocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic (water splitting), and photothermal (water purification) systems, providing a foundational understanding of their operation. Thereafter, the discussion is focused on recent advancements in the synthesis, design, and development of hierarchical nanostructures composed of diverse inorganic material combinations, tailored for each of these solar energy harvesting systems. We meticulously elaborate on the distinct synthesis methods and conditions employed to fine-tune the morphological features of these hierarchical nanostructures. Furthermore, this review offers profound insights into critical aspects such as electron transfer mechanisms, band gap engineering, the creation of hetero-hybrid structures to optimize interface chemistry through diverse synthesis approaches, and precise adjustments of structural features. Beyond elucidating the scientific fundamentals, this review explores the large-scale applications of the aforementioned solar harvesting systems. Additionally, it addresses the existing challenges and outlines the prospects for achieving heightened solar-energy conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manjunatha
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, Department of Chemistry, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - B Manmadha Rao
- Department of Physics, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Girish Kumar
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, Department of Chemistry, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Varun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - Karthik Raitani
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Gyanprakash Maurya
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India
| | - B Karthik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - C Swathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mohtada Sadrzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Ajit Khosla
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Province, China
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Sharma A, Puri GD, Chauhan R, Luthra A, Khurana G, Hazarika A, Meena SC. Nitrous oxide splurge in a tertiary health care center and its environmental impact: No more laughing stock. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2024; 24:67-73. [PMID: 38362258 PMCID: PMC10864711 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2024.24.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrous oxide has been an integral part of surgical anesthesia for many years in the developed world and is still used in developing countries such as India. The other main concerns in low-resource countries are the lack of an advanced anesthesia gas-scavenging system and modular surgical theatres. As a greenhouse gas that has been present in the atmosphere for more than 100 years and damages the ozone layer, nitrous oxide is three times worse than sevoflurane. Here, we conducted an observational study to quantify the annual nitrous oxide consumption and its environmental impact in terms of carbon dioxide equivalence in one of busiest tertiary health care and research centers in Northern India. Methods Data related to nitrous oxide expenditure' from the operation theatre and manifold complex of our tertiary care hospital and research center from 2018 to 2021 were collected monthly and analyzed. The outcomes were extracted from our observational study, which was approved by our institutional ethics board (INT/IEC/2017/1372 Dated 25.11.2017) and registered prospectively under the Central Registry (CTRI/2018/07/014745 Dated 05.07.2018). Results The annual nitrous oxide consumption in our tertiary care hospital was 22,081.00, 22,904.00, 17,456.00, and 18,392.00 m3 (cubic meters) in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. This indicates that the environmental impact of nitrous oxide (in terms of CO2 equivalents) from our hospital in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 was 13,016.64, 13,287.82, 10,289.94, and 10,841.24 tons, respectively. Conclusion This huge amount of nitrous oxide splurge is no longer a matter of laughter, and serious efforts should be made at every central and peripheral health center level to reduce it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - GD Puri
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajeev Chauhan
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankur Luthra
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gauri Khurana
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Del Prado A, Lynch J, Liu S, Ridoutt B, Pardo G, Mitloehner F. Animal board invited review: Opportunities and challenges in using GWP* to report the impact of ruminant livestock on global temperature change. Animal 2023; 17:100790. [PMID: 37099893 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminant livestock is a large contributor of CH4 emissions globally. Assessing how this CH4 and other greenhouse gases (GHG) from livestock contribute to anthropogenic climate change is key to understanding their role in achieving any temperature targets. The climate impacts of livestock, as well as other sectors or products/services, are generally expressed as CO2-equivalents using 100-year Global Warming Potentials (GWP100). However, the GWP100 cannot be used to translate emission pathways of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) emissions to their temperature outcomes. A key limitation of handling long- and short-lived gases in the same manner is revealed in the context of any potential temperature stabilisation goals: to achieve this outcome, emissions of long-lived gases must decline to net-zero, but this is not the case for SLCPs. A recent alternative metric, GWP* (so-called 'GWP-star'), has been proposed to overcome these concerns. GWP* allows for simple appraisals of warming over time for emission series of different GHGs that may not be obvious if using pulse-emission metrics (i.e. GWP100). In this article, we explore some of the strengths and limitations of GWP* for reporting the contribution of ruminant livestock systems to global temperature change. A number of case studies are used to illustrate the potential use of the GWP* metric to, for example, understand the current contribution of different ruminant livestock production systems to global warming, appraise how different production systems or mitigations compare (having a temporal element), and seeing how possible emission pathways driven by changes in production, emissions intensity and gas composition show different impacts over time. We suggest that for some contexts, particularly if trying to directly infer contributions to additional warming, GWP* or similar approaches can provide important insight that would not be gained from conventional GWP100 reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Del Prado
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Edificio Sede N° 1, Planta 1ª, Parque Científico de UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - J Lynch
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - B Ridoutt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia; University of the Free State, Department of Agricultural Economics, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - G Pardo
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Edificio Sede N° 1, Planta 1ª, Parque Científico de UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - F Mitloehner
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Holman HT, Bouthillier MJ, Müller F. Thinking "Green" When Treating "Pink Puffers" and "Blue Bloaters"-Reducing Carbon Footprint When Prescribing Inhalers. J Am Board Fam Med 2023:jabfm. [PMID: 36801847 DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220292R2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of man-made climate change is already affecting millions of people worldwide. The health care sector in the US is a relevant contributor, accounting for about 8 to 10% of national greenhouse gas emissions. This special communication describes the harmful impact of propellant gases in metered dose inhalers (MDI) on the climate and summarizes and discusses current knowledge and recommendations from European countries. Dry powder inhalers (DPI) are a good alternative to MDIs and are available for all inhaler drug classes recommended in current asthma and COPD guidelines. Changing an MDI to PDI can significantly reduce carbon footprints. The majority of the US population is willing to do more to protect the climate. Primary care providers can engage in this by addressing the impacts of drug therapy on climate change in medical decision making.
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Mouronte-López ML, Subirán M. Analysis of Worldwide Greenhouse and Carbon Monoxide Gas Emissions: Which Countries Exhibit a Special Pattern? A Closer Look via Twitter. Int J Environ Res 2023; 17:19. [PMID: 36694839 PMCID: PMC9853490 DOI: 10.1007/s41742-023-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is significant global concern about the harmful effects of greenhouse gas and carbon monoxide emissions (deforestation, air pollution, global warming, etc.). The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change aspires to reduce global warming by achieving a climate-neutral world. Research has been carried out to calculate and diminish the aforementioned emissions in waste, power industry, transport, building, in addition to other areas. The aim of this paper is to analyse the carbon and greenhouse gas emissions across countries around the globe in order to find patterns and correlate them to socio-economic indicators [gross national income (GNI), industrial production (IPI) and human development indexes (HDI)] as well as Twitter interactions regarding climate change. For this purpose, time series and socio-economic data have been downloaded from different repositories including EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research), World Bank and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). Although classical clustering algorithms have already been used in the examination of some environmental issues, we use a non-parametric time series clustering method, which has been suggested in certain scientific literature as a more flexible approach, since any ad hoc parametric assumptions are required. The chosen socio-economic indicators have also demonstrated their relevance in pieces of research related to various fields. With respect to Twitter, which is one of the most popular social networks nowadays, significant analysis has also been performed on the basis of capturing citizens' perceptions on a multitude of matters. We found that several countries such as Brazil, India, China, Nigeria, Russia, United States, Spain, Andorra, Greece, and Qatar show differences in carbon and greenhouse gas emissions patterns. Besides, there does not seem to be a correlation between GNI, IPI and HDI as well as the above mentioned emissions ( correlation < 0.16 ) . Regarding Twitter interactions, a dissimilarity in the distribution of hashtags was detected between the aforementioned countries and the rest of the world. This research can help to identify countries in which more governmental measures are needed to reduce the type of emissions analysed in certain industrial sectors. In addition, it points out the topics related to climate change that seem to generate the most debate on Twitter for countries with an unusual pattern. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41742-023-00510-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Luz Mouronte-López
- Higher Polytechnic School, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Carretera de Pozuelo a Majadahonda km. 1.800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Subirán
- Higher Polytechnic School, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Carretera de Pozuelo a Majadahonda km. 1.800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid Spain
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Kennard H, Oreszczyn T, Mistry M, Hamilton I. Population-weighted degree-days: The global shift between heating and cooling. Energy Build 2022; 271:None. [PMID: 37719455 PMCID: PMC10502910 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are driving global increases in temperature. This rise will likely lead to an increase in demand for cooling in the coming years. However, increasing temperatures are not the main explanatory factor for why the world is moving towards more cooling. This paper compares population and area-weighted cooling and heating degree-days derived using ERA5-Land reanalysis temperature, to show that population growth in warmer parts of the world drives cooling demand globally. The analysis shows that mean global area-weighted heating degree-days have fallen 8.46 °C days/year, whereas population-weighted heating degree-days have fallen by 12.5 °C days/year. At the same time, mean global area-weighted cooling degree-days have risen by 3.0 °C days/year, while population-weighted cooling degree-days have risen at 6.0 °C days/year. By using sub-country analysis, this paper shows that population-weighted degree-days can substantially differ from area-weighted degree-days. Finally, the findings highlight that the choice of heating and cooling degree-day base temperature is the most important parameter in the variability of degree-days and will need to be understood better in order to accurately account for future heating and cooling energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kennard
- Energy Institute, The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, UCL, London, UK
| | - T Oreszczyn
- Energy Institute, The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, UCL, London, UK
| | - M Mistry
- Department of Economics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - I Hamilton
- Energy Institute, The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, UCL, London, UK
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Wirgin I, Maceda L, Stabile J, Waldman J. Genetic Population Structure of Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus using Microsatellite DNA Analysis. Fish Res 2022; 250:106270. [PMID: 35342212 PMCID: PMC8950463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2022.106270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus supports one of the most valuable commercial and recreational fisheries along the Atlantic Coast of the U.S. However, in recent decades the management of this species has proven to be one of the most contentious for any exploited marine resource in the region. A coastwide catch quota is imposed annually for summer flounder of which 60% is allocated to the commercial fishery and 40% to the recreational fishery. The allocation is further divided among the individual coastal states from North Carolina to Massachusetts based on their landings in the 1980s. This process, based on political jurisdictions, does not consider the species' biological stock structure. Previous genetic studies (allozyme, mtDNA, and SNPs) provided contradictory results regarding the possible population structure of summer. To address this issue, we used DNA microsatellite analysis at 9 loci to define the coastwide population structure of summer flounder. In total, 1,182 specimens were analyzed from 18 collection sites. Most collections were from the continental shelf during the fall-winter spawning season. These were supplemented with additional samples from inshore waters from North Carolina to Florida, and inshore sites which support significant recreational fisheries at Nantucket Shoals, Massachusetts and Fire Island, New York. The overall level of genetic differentiation in pairwise comparison between collections was very low, mean F ST = 0.001. There was no evidence of genetic differentiation between collections from north and south of Cape Hatteras. Our microsatellite results are consistent with an earlier SNP study which failed to find significant allelic heterogeneity among coastwide collections of summer flounder. However, a subset of pairwise F ST comparisons between some collections proved statistically significant. Furthermore, in STRUCTURE analysis we found evidence of two genetic clusters within the species' northern landings area, however, this finding was not supported by DPAC analysis. We conclude that summer flounder most likely constitute a single population along their entire Atlantic Coast distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Wirgin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, New York 10010
| | - Lorraine Maceda
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, New York 10010
| | - Joseph Stabile
- Department of Biology, Iona College, 715 North Avenue, New Rochelle, New York 10801
| | - John Waldman
- Biology Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367-1597
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Nassiri P, Monazzam MR, Golbabaei F, Farhang Dehghan S, Shamsipour A, Ghanadzadeh MJ, Asghari M. Modeling heat stress changes based on wet-bulb globe temperature in respect to global warming. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020; 18:441-450. [PMID: 33312573 PMCID: PMC7721789 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This ecological study aims to model the trend of changes in exposure of outdoor workers to heat stress in outdoors in the coming decades with the use of the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), Hadley Coupled Atmosphere- Ocean General Circulation Model, version 3 (HADCM3), and Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) in Tehran, Iran, considering the climate change and the global warming. METHODS The hourly values of environmental parameters including minimum and maximum air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and radiation related to Prakash , Shahriar and Damavand cities were obtained from the Meteorological Organization of Iran. These data were recorded during 1965 to 2015. The climate modeling was done for 2011-2030, 2046-2065, and 2080-2099. RESULTS The minimum and maximum air temperatures in the different months of the year in the three studied cities show an increasing trend. Our finding shows that the WBGT will be increased by 2099. In Pakdasht, this index will be close to the danger zone in the coming years, especially in 2080-2099. CONCLUSIONS All the results obtained indicate an increase in risk of heat stress in outdoor workplaces, given the global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Nassiri
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Monazzam
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Golbabaei
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Farhang Dehghan
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Shamsipour
- Department of Physical Geography, School of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Ghanadzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asghari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Dadbakhsh M, Khanjani N, Bahrampour A. The relation between mortality from cardiovascular diseases and temperature in Shiraz, Iran, 2006-2012. ARYA Atheroscler 2019; 14:149-156. [PMID: 30627190 PMCID: PMC6312568 DOI: 10.22122/arya.v14i4.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that temperature may have an effect on the number of cardiovascular deaths in societies. Global warming is a concern, and cardiovascular diseases are the top cause of death worldwide. This study investigated the relation between temperature and cardiovascular mortality in Shiraz City, Iran. METHODS In this ecological study, data about temperature and cardiovascular deaths (in age and gender groups) in Shiraz City were inquired from 2006 to 2012. The simultaneous and delayed relation between monthly temperature and cardiovascular deaths was examined using Spearman and Pearson correlation tests, and crude and adjusted negative binomial regression analysis with adjustment for confounding factors such as humidity, rainfall, wind direction, wind speed, and air pollutants. Analysis was done using MINITAB and STATA software. RESULTS During this period 17,167 deaths were reported in Shiraz. The lowest number of cardiovascular deaths was reported in 20 °C. No significant relation was observed between mean monthly temperature and cardiovascular deaths in the same month after adjusting for confounding factors. Although, cardiovascular death in 18- to 60-year-old people showed an inverse significant relation with minimum [Incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.98989, P = 0.020], maximum (IRR = 0.99046, P = 0.011), and mean temperature (IRR = 0.98913, P = 0.006) of the same month in the crude model, it was not significant in the adjusted model (IRR = 0.99848, P = 0.848, IRR = 0.99587, P = 0.584, and IRR = 0.99512, P = 0.506, respectively). CONCLUSION It seems that there is no significant relation between temperature and cardiovascular deaths in Shiraz, which is probably due to its moderate climate, and the fact that no major heat or cold wave occurred during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manizheh Dadbakhsh
- Lecturer, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Associate Professor, Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Adjunct Research Fellow, Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Abbas Bahrampour
- Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Kenyon C, Buyze J, Wi T. Antimicrobial Consumption and Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Global Ecological Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:329. [PMID: 30538989 PMCID: PMC6277557 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The reasons why antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae has emerged explosively in certain populations but not others are poorly understood. We hypothesized that population level consumption of antimicrobials plays a role. Methods: Using susceptibility data from the World Health Organizations Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme and antimicrobial consumption data from the IMS Health MIDAS database we built linear regression models with country-level cephalosporin, macrolide, and fluoroquinolone consumption (standard doses/1,000 population/year) as the explanatory variable and 1-year lagged ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin resistance as the outcome variables. These were performed at two time points 2008/2009 and 2013/2014. Results: The association between antimicrobial resistance and consumption at the level of individual countries was positive in all six assessments. In four instances the positive associations were statistically significant (cephalosporins 2008: coefficient 0.0005 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0002–0.0007] and 2013: coefficient 0.0003 [95% CI 0.0002–0.0004]; macrolides 2013: coefficient 0.0005 [95% CI 0.00002–0.001]; fluoroquinolones 2013: coefficient 0.02 [95% CI 0.006–0.031]). Conclusions: Differences in population level consumption of particular antimicrobials may play a role in explaining the variations in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kenyon
- Sexually Transmitted Infections HIV/STI Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jozefien Buyze
- Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Teodora Wi
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Peng TC, Vengatesen T, Hwai ATS. Assessment of Temperature Effects on Early Larval Development Survival of Hatchery-reared Tropical Oyster, Crassostrea iredalei. Trop Life Sci Res 2016; 27:111-116. [PMID: 27965748 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the cool and warm temperatures on early life development and survival of tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei was studied. D-hinged larvae (day 1 larvae) were reared to three different temperatures (20°C, 27°C, and 34°C) for nine days. Oyster larvae reared in temperature 27°C, acted as control (ambient temperature). The highest survival rate occurred when the larvae were reared in 20°C and 27°C. Larvae reared at 34°C exhibited reduced survival but increase in the growth rate. The growth rate in larvae reared in high temperature (34°C) was significantly higher compared to larvae reared in 20°C and 27°C (p<0.05). The results from the present study indicated that tropical oyster larvae, C. iredalei had faster growth rate at the high temperature (34°C). However, the larval survival was decreasing according to days. There is no significant difference in the larval growth and survival in lower temperature (20°C) and control condition (27°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teh Chiew Peng
- Marine Science Lab, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
- School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR; Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Cape d'Aguilar Road, Shek O, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Aileen Tan Shau Hwai
- Marine Science Lab, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Vu TKV, Vu DQ, Jensen LS, Sommer SG, Bruun S. Life Cycle Assessment of Biogas Production in Small-scale Household Digesters in Vietnam. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:716-29. [PMID: 25715690 PMCID: PMC4413003 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Small-scale household digesters have been promoted across Asia as a sustainable way of handling manure. The major advantages are that they produce biogas and reduce odor. However their disadvantages include the low recycling of nutrients, because digestate is dilute and therefore difficult to transport, and the loss of biogas as a result of cracks and the intentional release of excess biogas. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used to assess the environmental impacts associated with biogas digesters in Vietnam. Handling 1,000 kg of liquid manure and 100 kg of solid manure in a system with a biogas digester reduced the impact potential from 4.4 kg carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents to 3.2 kg CO2 equivalents compared with traditional manure management. However, this advantage could easily be compromised if digester construction is considered in the LCA or in situations where there is an excess of biogas which is intentionally released. A sensitivity analysis showed that biogas digesters could be a means of reducing global warming if methane emissions can be kept low. In terms of eutrophication, farms with biogas digesters had 3 to 4 times greater impacts. In order to make biogas digesters sustainable, methods for recycling digestates are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K V Vu
- National Institute of Animal Sciences, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - D Q Vu
- Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Thanh Tri, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam . ; Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Thanh Tri, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - L S Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - S G Sommer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - S Bruun
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
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14
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Myers N. Eco-refugees: a crisis in the making. People Planet 2002; 3:6-9. [PMID: 12319122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Epstein
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School, USA
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16
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Amofah GK. Global warming and health: a review. East Afr Med J 1996; 73:560-2. [PMID: 8898476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The paper looks at the phenomenon of global warming and its potential health effects and outlines a number of plausible response by the health sector in developing countries to its threat. It suggests that the health sector should facilitate an international effort at addressing this challenge, mainly through advocacy, epidemiological surveillance and awareness creation.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- A J McMichael
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia
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18
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Camp SL. Population pressure, poverty and the environment. Integration 1992:24-7. [PMID: 12285553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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19
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Yoshida A. Starting from grape cultivation. Integration 1992:2-11. [PMID: 12285551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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21
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Rowley J. Putting people in the picture. Parks for life. People Planet 1992; 1:6-9. [PMID: 12317707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Myers N. A population policy for the North? People Planet 1992; 1:31. [PMID: 12317706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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23
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Sinclair J. Global warming: a vicious circle. Our Planet 1991; 3:4-7. [PMID: 12285369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Ehrlich PR, Ehrlich AH. The most overpopulated nation. NPG Forum Ser 1991:1-4. [PMID: 12178975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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26
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Menon MG. Coping with global environmental change -- role of science and democracy. Yojana 1990; 34:15-20. [PMID: 12285904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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27
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Acevi. [Environment: the other disaster]. Jeune Afr 1990;:78-81. [PMID: 12285742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Repetto R. Economic aid and the environment. Epa J 1990; 16:20-2. [PMID: 12285799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Sadik N, Wattenberg BJ, Daly HE, Commoner B, Mchugh JT, Singh K. A forum: how big is the population factor? Epa J 1990; 16:29-33. [PMID: 12285800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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30
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Brown LR. Assessing the planet's condition. Epa J 1990; 16:2-6. [PMID: 12285798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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31
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Renner MG. Car sick. World Watch 1988; 1:36-43. [PMID: 12317328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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