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Huang Y, Liu C, Huo X, Lai X, Zhu W, Hao Y, Zheng Z, Guo K. Enhanced resistance to heat and fungal infection in transgenic Trichoderma via over-expressing the HSP70 gene. AMB Express 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38600342 PMCID: PMC11006649 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the growth, sporulation, colonization and survival of Trichoderma viride. This study aimed to gain a better insight into the underlying mechanism governing the heat stress response of T. viride Tv-1511. We analysed the transcriptomic changes of Tv-1511 under normal and heat stress conditions using RNA sequencing. We observed that Tv-1511 regulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites through a complex network of signalling pathways. Additionally, it significantly activates the anti-oxidant defence system, heat shock proteins and stress-response-related transcription factors in response to heat stress. TvHSP70 was identified as a key gene, and transgenic Tv-1511 overexpressing TvHSP70 (TvHSP70-OE) was generated. We conducted an integrated morphological, physiological and molecular analyses of the TvHSP70-OE and wild-type strains. We observed that TvHSP70 over-expression significantly triggered the growth, anti-oxidant capacity, anti-fungal activity and growth-promoting ability of Tv-1511. Regarding anti-oxidant capacity, TvHSP70 primarily up-regulated genes involved in enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant systems. In terms of anti-fungal activity, TvHSP70 primarily activated genes involved in the synthesis of enediyne, anti-fungal and aminoglycoside antibiotics. This study provides a comparative analysis of the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of HSP70 in Trichoderma. These findings provide a valuable foundation for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Huang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Changfa Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xuexue Huo
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xianzhi Lai
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yongren Hao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zehui Zheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Kai Guo
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
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Hensel P, Saridomichelakis M, Eisenschenk M, Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Pucheu-Haston C, Santoro D. Update on the role of genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:15-24. [PMID: 37840229 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common, complex and multifactorial disease involving, among others, genetic predisposition, environmental factors and allergic sensitisation. OBJECTIVE This review summarises the current evidence on the role of genetic and environmental factors and allergic sensitisation in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by ICADA in 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online citation databases and proceedings from international meetings on genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens relevant to cAD that had been published between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed. RESULTS Despite intensive research efforts, the detailed genetic background predisposing to cAD and the effect of a wide range of environmental factors still need more clarification. Genome-wide association studies and investigations on genetic biomarkers, such as microRNAs, have provided some new information. Environmental factors appear to play a major role. Lifestyle, especially during puppyhood, appears to have an important impact on the developing immune system. Factors such as growing up in a rural environment, large size of family, contact with other animals, and a nonprocessed meat-based diet may reduce the risk for subsequent development of cAD. It appears that Toxocara canis infection may have a protective effect against Dermatophagoides farinae-induced cAD. House dust mites (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus) remain the most common allergen group to which atopic dogs react. Currently, the major allergens related to D. farinae in dogs include Der f 2, Der f 15, Der f 18 and Zen 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Canine atopic dermatitis remains a complex, genetically heterogeneous disease that is influenced by multiple environmental factors. Further, well-designed studies are necessary to shed more light on the role of genetics, environmental factors and major allergens in the pathogenesis of cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cherie Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Aleo MM, Messamore J, Nieto BA, Fleck TJ, Humphrey WR, Coscarelli EM, Mahabir SP, McCall RB, Gonzales AJ. Lack of Interference of Oclacitinib with the results of intradermal testing or allergen-specific IgE serology in Dermatophagoides farinae-sensitized beagle dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 256:110537. [PMID: 36603446 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with increased levels of allergen-specific IgE due to hyper-sensitization to environmental allergens. Intradermal testing (IDT) and allergen-specific IgE serology testing are often used to determine the allergens which elicit an IgE response in animals with a diagnosis of AD. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of oclacitinib on IDT and allergen-specific IgE serology testing using a laboratory model of house-dust mite sensitized Beagle dogs. Twenty-four (24) normal, healthy purpose-bred Beagle dogs were sensitized to house dust mites (HDM, Dermatophagoides farinae) and randomly assigned to placebo-, oclacitinib- (0.4 mg/kg/dose PO), or prednisolone-treated (0.5 mg/kg/dose PO) groups. After 14 days of twice daily dosing, the effects of prednisolone and oclacitinib were compared to placebo using baseline and post-dose IDT and allergen-specific IgE serum measurements. Sensitized dogs had increased circulating HDM-specific IgE for at least two weeks post-sensitization. Prednisolone significantly inhibited the measurable sensitivity of IDT, while oclacitinib did not. Neither prednisolone nor oclacitinib imposed significant effects on allergen-specific IgE serum levels, suggesting oclacitinib may have potential to be used in dogs concurrently undergoing intradermal skin testing and/or allergen-specific IgE serology testing without interference with test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Aleo
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - James Messamore
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Betsy A Nieto
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Timothy J Fleck
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - William R Humphrey
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Eileen M Coscarelli
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Sean P Mahabir
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Robert B McCall
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Andrea J Gonzales
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA.
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Song H, Lee J, Jeong KY, Cheon DS, Park JW. Comparison of sensitization patterns to dust mite allergens between atopic dermatitis patients and dogs, and non-specific reactivity of canine IgE to the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 88:41-55. [PMID: 36190668 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
House dust mite is a common cause of atopic dermatitis (AD) both in humans and dogs. Detection of serum IgE to allergens is commonly used to diagnose allergic diseases. However, false-positive reactions due to cross-reactivity and non-specific reactivity may lead to misdiagnosis. We compared human and canine IgE reactivities to mite component allergens. Canine IgE-reactive components of Dermatophagoides farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Recombinant proteins were produced and IgE reactivities to component allergens were assessed by ELISA and inhibition assays using sera from AD patients and dogs. Canine IgE-reactive proteins (Der f 1, Der f 11, Tyr p 4, Tyr p 8, Tyr p 11, Tyr p 28) were identified by proteome analysis. Most patients were sensitized to Der f 1 (93.3%) and Der f 2 (86.7%). Dogs showed high sensitization to Der f 2 (94.1%) and Der f 18 (84.6%). Both patients and dogs showed low IgE binding frequency to Tyr p 8, 43.3% and 4%, respectively. The ELISA inhibition study indicated that canine IgE reactivity to T. putrescentiae is mostly due to non-specific reaction and cross-reaction with D. farinae. Different IgE sensitization patterns were shown between allergic humans and dogs with AD, especially to Der f 18, for the first time in Korea. Furthermore, non-specific canine IgE reactivity to storage mite indicates the possibility of misdiagnoses. Standardizations focused on the major canine allergen content of extracts should be developed. This will allow precision diagnosis and individuated treatments for each patient and atopic dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyeol Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jongsun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | | | - Jung-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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Martins LML. Allergy to Fungi in Veterinary Medicine: Alternaria, Dermatophytes and Malassezia Pay the Bill! J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030235. [PMID: 35330237 PMCID: PMC8951134 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal kingdom comprises ubiquitous forms of life with 1.5 billion years, mostly phytopathogenic and commensals for humans and animals. However, in the presence of immune disorders, fungi may cause disease by intoxicating, infecting or sensitizing with allergy. Species from the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus and Malassezia, as well as dermatophytes from the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton, are the most commonly implicated in veterinary medicine. Alternaria and Malassezia stand as the most commonly associated with either allergy or infection in animals, immediately followed by Aspergillus, while dermatophytes are usually associated with the ringworm skin infection. By aiming at the relevance of fungi in veterinary allergy it was concluded that further research is still needed, especially in the veterinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Miguel Lourenço Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, University of Évora, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
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Lee GW, Kang MH, Ro WB, Song DW, Park HM. Circulating Galectin-3 Evaluation in Dogs With Cardiac and Non-cardiac Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:741210. [PMID: 34722704 PMCID: PMC8551921 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.741210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is involved in important biological functions such as fibrogenesis and inflammation. Notably, it is associated with various diseases and plays a major role in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Although heart diseases are relatively common in dogs, a few studies have analyzed the circulating galectin-3 concentration in dogs with various heart diseases, including myxomatous mitral valve disease, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonic stenosis. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effect of heart disease on circulating galectin-3 levels in dogs, and also to evaluate the correlation between galectin-3 concentration and conventional echocardiographic indices along with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration in dogs with heart diseases. The medical records and archived serum samples of 107 dogs were evaluated retrospectively. In total, 107 dogs were classified into healthy dogs (n = 8), cardiac disease (n = 26), and non-cardiac disease groups (n = 73). The circulatory galectin-3 levels were analyzed using a commercially available canine-specific galectin-3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. This study demonstrated that dogs with heart, endocrine, and dermatologic diseases had significantly higher galectin-3 levels than healthy dogs (p = 0.009, p = 0.007, and p = 0.026, respectively). Among dogs with heart diseases, dogs with concentric cardiomyopathy had significantly increased circulatory galectin-3 levels compared with healthy dogs (p = 0.028). E′/A′ had a positive association with galectin-3 levels among conventional echocardiographic indices. Moreover, the galectin-3 concentration could predict diastolic dysfunction. In dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease, a significantly positive correlation was revealed between galectin-3 levels and NT-proBNP levels (p = 0.007). Overall, this study demonstrates that circulatory galectin-3 levels increase in dogs with heart, endocrine, and dermatologic diseases. Moreover, this study demonstrates that galectin-3 concentration could be helpful to evaluate cardiac remodeling and diastolic function. Further large-scale research is required to evaluate the role of circulating galectin-3 in dogs with heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Won Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong-Bin Ro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doo-Won Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Myung Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Di Tommaso M, Luciani A, Crisi PE, Beschi M, Rosi P, Rocconi F, Miglio A. Detection of Serum Allergen-Specific IgE in Atopic Dogs Tested in Northern Italy: Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:358. [PMID: 33535414 PMCID: PMC7912760 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a pruritic allergic skin disease associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. IgE is detected using Serum Allergen-Specific IgE test (SAT) in order to identify allergens. The present study aims to identify the environmental allergens in atopic dogs living in Northern Italy using SAT. The screening SAT (sSAT), using a monoclonal antibody cocktail-based ELISA to identify indoor and outdoor allergens, was performed. In all positive samples, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody ELISA test was performed to extend panel of allergens. Out of 117 selected dogs, 69 were included in the study; 71% were positive and 29% were negative to sSAT. Among the 49 positive sSAT, 53% were positive for both indoor and outdoor, 38.8% only for indoor, and 8.2% only for outdoor allergens. This is the first study on the frequency of allergens involved in CAD in Italy using SAT. IgE hypersensitivity in atopic dogs of Northern Italy is usually associated with indoor allergens, primarily house dust mites. Among the outdoor allergens, an important role was played by Rumex acetosa. Polysensitization also commonly occurs. Therefore, since the numerous factors affect the IgE positivity in CAD, specific panels for geographical areas should be considered and re-evaluated at time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Di Tommaso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessia Luciani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Paolo Emidio Crisi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Marica Beschi
- Veterinary Clinic Dr. Paolo Rosi, via Brescia 46, 25086 Rezzato (BS), Italy; (M.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Paolo Rosi
- Veterinary Clinic Dr. Paolo Rosi, via Brescia 46, 25086 Rezzato (BS), Italy; (M.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesca Rocconi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Arianna Miglio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
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Wilkołek P, Szczepanik M, Sitkowski W, Rodzik B, Pluta M, Taszkun I, Gołyński M. Evaluation of multiple allergen simultaneous (sIgE) testing compared to intradermal testing in the etiological diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in horses. J Vet Sci 2020; 20:e60. [PMID: 31775187 PMCID: PMC6883192 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although intradermal testing (IDT) is commonly used in the etiological diagnosis of allergies, in vitro testing for specific IgE (sIgE) is an attractive alternative. Currently, new laboratory techniques in veterinary allergological practice, including multiple allergen simultaneous tests (MASTs), gradually supersede in vivo tests. Both, serological (sIgE) and IDTs in fourteen atopic Malopolski horses were performed. Correlation and agreement between test results were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that sIgE to Acarus siro had the best diagnostic performance (Area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.969), followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (AUC = 0.844), Dermatophagoides farinae (AUC = 0.813) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (AUC = 0.803). A significant positive correlation between IDT and MAST was found for A. siro (rS = 0.870; p = 0.00005), and D. farinae (rS = 0.657; p = 0.011). There was significant moderate agreement for 2 of 5 allergens, A. siro (κ = 0.569) and D. farinae (κ = 0.485) in semiquantitative assessment and significant fair to substantial agreement for 3 of 5 allergens, D. pteronyssinus (κ = 0.689), A. siro (κ = 0.569), D. farinae (κ = 0.432) in dichotomic assessment. Sensitivity ranged from 44% to 89%, depending on the allergen, while specificity was significantly higher for all allergens in MAST (60%–100%); the mean accuracy was 73% (manufacturer cut-off) and 77.4% (optimal cut-off) based on the Youden index. Compared with IDT, serological MAST showed good detection performance for 60% allergen sIgE in dichotomic assessment with substantial diagnostic capability, but careful clinical interpretation is needed for some allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wilkołek
- Sub-Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marcin Szczepanik
- Sub-Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Sitkowski
- Sub-Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Rodzik
- Institute of Mathematics, Marie Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Pluta
- Equine Breeding and Management Unit, Department of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Taszkun
- Sub-Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołyński
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Gussgard AM, Weese JS, Hensten A, Jokstad A. Dog-assisted therapy in the dental clinic. Part B. Hazards and assessment of potential risks to the health and safety of the dental therapy dog. Clin Exp Dent Res 2019; 5:701-711. [PMID: 31890308 PMCID: PMC6934346 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A dental therapy dog may help anxious patients in the dental clinic overcome their fear and facilitate the completion of necessary dental care. Dental clinic activities are associated with hazards that may pose potential risks to the health and safety of the dental therapy dog. Objectives To describe potential hazards associated with risks to health and safety to therapy dogs in dental clinics and to present suggestions for risk minimisation by adopting best practices in dental clinic settings. Materials and method Literature searches in Medline, http://Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar for qualitative and quantitative assessments of occupational hazards and risks in dental clinics, in combination with a review of the reference list of the included studies. Identified hazards and risks were analysed relative to their relevance for the health and welfare of a therapy dog present in a dental clinic setting. Results Workplace hazards in the dental clinic that apply to both humans and therapy dogs are allergies, sharps injury, eye injury, stress, rhinitis, hearing impairment, and other hazards. Additional concerns associated with risks for the dental therapy dog are situations involving erratic patient behaviour and threats if the patient is an undisclosed disease carrier. Risks to the health and safety of the dental therapy dog in the clinics are present but are low if the dental clinical staff and dog handlers comply with best practices. Conclusions Best practice includes awareness amongst the clinic staff and the dog handler of all potential hazards in the dental clinic and on how to reduce these hazards as well as adverse events that may scare the dental therapy dog. The dental therapy dog team must be specially trained to work in a dental clinic. Each treatment session has to be exclusively tailored to that specific appointment and the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Gussgard
- Faculty of Health SciencesUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Arne Hensten
- Faculty of Health SciencesUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Asbjørn Jokstad
- Faculty of Health SciencesUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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Han C, Chan WY, Hill PB. Prevalence of positive reactions in intradermal and IgE serological allergy tests in dogs from South Australia, and the subsequent outcome of allergen-specific immunotherapy. Aust Vet J 2019; 98:17-25. [PMID: 31742667 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of positive allergen reactions in intradermal and IgE serological tests in dogs presenting to a dermatology referral centre in South Australia and the clinical efficacy of subsequent allergen-specific immunotherapy. DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS Results from 108 intradermal allergy tests, 25 IgE serological assays and immunotherapy outcomes in 37 dogs were retrospectively analysed. Immunotherapy outcomes were determined as excellent, good, modest or failure using a global assessment of efficacy matrix which incorporated pruritus scores, lesion severity, medication requirements, and owner and clinician opinion. RESULTS The most common positive reactions in intradermal allergy tests were Red clover (59%), Dermatophagoides farinae (29%), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (28%), Yellow dock (25%) and Malassezia pachydermatis (24%). In the IgE serological tests, Yorkshire fog grass (40%), Yellow dock (36%), Kentucky bluegrass (36%) and T. putrescentiae (36%) were the most commonly reported positive results. The outcome of allergen-specific immunotherapy was judged to be excellent in 20% of dogs, good in 15%, modest in 18% and a failure in 47%. CONCLUSION As has been reported in other geographical areas, environmental mites and plant pollens frequently gave positive reactions in allergy tests in South Australia. However, the prevalence of individual allergen reactions differed between intradermal and IgE serological tests, with M. pachydermatis being identified as a common cause of hypersensitivity in intradermal tests but not in IgE serological assays. Immunotherapy was judged to be a beneficial treatment in 35% of dogs but was essentially unsuccessful in 65%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Han
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - W Y Chan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - P B Hill
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
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Chan WY, Selvarajah GT, Ajat M, Suzuki R, Tsukui T. The detection of house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae, Der f 2 and Zen-1 allergen-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies in dogs with atopic Dermatitis in Malaysia. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 212:43-9. [PMID: 31213251 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease in dogs. House dust mites such as Dermatophagoides farinae are one of the known causative agents for the induction of canine AD worldwide. D. farinae protein Der f 2 is known as an important allergen involved in canine AD and recently, Zen-1 has also been identified as an allergenic protein. There is limited information on the prevalence and role of allergen sensitization to crude D. farinae extract (CDF), Der f 2 and Zen-1 among dogs diagnosed with AD in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of CDF-, Der f 2- and Zen-1-specific reactive sera among dogs diagnosed with AD in Malaysia using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples were collected from dogs diagnosed with AD from several veterinary clinics in Malaysia. The canine case records were retrieved and information on signalment, dermatological and non-dermatological histories, clinical presentation, food allergies, and exclusion of ectoparasitic, microbial and fungal skin infections were obtained through a survey form. All serum samples were evaluated to quantify the CDF-, Der f 2- and Zen-1-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. A total of 24.6%, 48.4% and 29.8% of dogs diagnosed with AD were positive for CDF-, Der f 2- and Zen-1-specific IgE, respectively. These results suggest that CDF-, Der f 2- and Zen-1 are important allergens that can contribute to AD in dogs in Malaysia, and serological testing can be performed to provide additional treatment options involving specific immunotherapies.
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Korbelik J, Singh A, Rousseau J, Weese JS. Analysis of the otic mycobiota in dogs with otitis externa compared to healthy individuals. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:417-e138. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Korbelik
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; 50 Stone Road E Guelph ON Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; 50 Stone Road E Guelph ON Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Joyce Rousseau
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; 50 Stone Road E Guelph ON Canada N1G 2W1
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; 50 Stone Road E Guelph ON Canada N1G 2W1
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Ahn KS, Huh SE, Seol SW, Kim HJ, Suh KH, Shin S. Ctenocephalides canis is the dominant flea species of dogs in the Republic of Korea. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:196. [PMID: 29559005 PMCID: PMC5859511 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The status of flea infestation in dogs is an important public health concern because of their cosmopolitan distribution worldwide and the flea-borne disease transmission. In the present study, we investigated the flea infestation among 116 outdoor dogs (57 females and 59 males) in 8 rural areas of Jeonnam Province, Republic of Korea. RESULTS Thirty-three dogs (28.4%) were infested with fleas, and all dogs were infested with Ctenocephalides canis. One dog from Hampyeong was co-infested with Ctenocephalides felis orientis, but no dogs were infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis. The reasons behind this almost exclusive distribution of flea species in dogs from Korea are currently unknown and will require further epidemiological and biological investigations. However, since all dogs investigated in the study were raised in an outdoor environment, the development of flea eggs, larvae and pupae in climatic conditions in Korea might have negatively affected the survival of other flea species. Due to the shoes-off culture and floor-heating system of Korean houses, indoor dogs are rarely infested with fleas in Korea. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report on the distribution survey of flea species infesting dogs in Korea and the first report of C. orientis infesting a dog in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Sung Ahn
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Eui Huh
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Seol
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk-Hyun Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - SungShik Shin
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The skin of mammalian organisms is home for a myriad of microbes. Many of these commensals are thought to have beneficial effects on the host by critically contributing to immune homeostasis. Consequently, dysbiosis can have detrimental effects for the host that may manifest with inflammatory diseases at the barrier tissue. Besides bacteria, fungi make an important contribution to the microbiota and among these, the yeast Malassezia widely dominates in most areas of the skin in healthy individuals. There is accumulating evidence that Malassezia spp. are involved in a variety of skin disorders in humans ranging from non- or mildly inflammatory conditions such as dandruff and pityriasis versicolor to more severe inflammatory skin diseases like seborrheic eczema and atopic dermatitis. In addition, Malassezia is strongly linked to the development of dermatitis and otitis externa in dogs. However, the association of Malassezia spp. with such diseases remains poorly characterized. Until now, studies on the fungus–host interaction remain sparse and they are mostly limited to experiments with isolated host cells in vitro. They suggest a multifaceted crosstalk of Malassezia spp. with the skin by direct activation of the host via conserved pattern recognition receptors and indirectly via the release of fungus-derived metabolites that can modulate the function of hematopoietic and/or non-hematopoietic cells in the barrier tissue. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the host response to Malassezia spp. in the mammalian skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sparber
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Mueller RS, Olivry T. Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (4): can we diagnose adverse food reactions in dogs and cats with in vivo or in vitro tests? BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:275. [PMID: 28854915 PMCID: PMC5577833 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gold standard to diagnose adverse food reactions (AFRs) in the dog and cat is currently an elimination diet with subsequent provocation trials. However, those trials are inconvenient and client compliance can be low. Our objective was to systematically review the literature to evaluate in vivo and in vitro tests used to diagnose AFR in small animals. RESULTS We searched three databases (CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE and Web of Science) for pertinent references on September 16, 2016. Among 71, 544 and 41 articles found in the CAB Abstract, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, respectively, we selected 22 articles and abstracts from conference proceedings that reported data usable for evaluation of tests for AFR. Serum tests for food-specific IgE and IgG, intradermal testing with food antigens, lymphocyte proliferation tests, fecal food-specific IgE, patch, gastroscopic, and colonoscopic testing were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Testing for serum food-specific IgE and IgG showed low repeatability and, in dogs, a highly variable accuracy. In cats, the accuracy of testing for food-specific IgE was low. Lymphocyte proliferation tests were more frequently positive and more accurate in animals with AFR, but, as they are more difficult to perform, they remain currently a research tool. All other reported tests were only evaluated by individual studies with small numbers of animals. Negative patch test reactions have a very high negative predictability in dogs and could enable a choice of ingredients for the elimination diet in selected patients. Gastroscopic and colonoscopic testing as well as food-specific fecal IgE or food-specific serum IgG measurements appear less useful. Currently, the best diagnostic procedure to identify AFRs in small animals remains an elimination diet with subsequent provocation trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf S Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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Hsiao YH, Chen C, Willemse T. Effects of cetirizine in dogs with chronic atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:549-553. [PMID: 27297415 PMCID: PMC5204033 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cetirizine in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) while fulfilling Favrot's diagnostic clinical criteria. Dogs received either 3 mg/kg cetirizine (n = 27), or a placebo (n = 23) orally once daily for 14 days in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study, without concomitant medication. The effects were evaluated using a pruritus visual analog scale at the start (day 0) and at day 14. After 14 days, cetirizine clearly had no effect on the pruritus in dogs with chronic AD, and there was no significant difference between groups. These findings indicated that cetirizine (and likely H1 histamine receptor antagonists in general) should not be recommended for the control of pruritus in dogs with long term allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ton Willemse
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Canistro D, Vivarelli F, Ugolini L, Pinna C, Grandi M, Antonazzo IC, Cirillo S, Sapone A, Cinti S, Lazzeri L, Conte E, Biagi G. Digestibility, toxicity and metabolic effects of rapeseed and sunflower protein hydrolysates in mice. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1298410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Canistro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Ugolini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, Council for research in agriculture and the agrarian economy analysis, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Pinna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Grandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Cirillo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Sapone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Cinti
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, Council for research in agriculture and the agrarian economy analysis, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, Council for research in agriculture and the agrarian economy analysis, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Conte
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, Council for research in agriculture and the agrarian economy analysis, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Meason-Smith C, Diesel A, Patterson AP, Older CE, Mansell JM, Suchodolski JS, Rodrigues Hoffmann A. What is living on your dog's skin? Characterization of the canine cutaneous mycobiota and fungal dysbiosis in canine allergic dermatitis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv139. [PMID: 26542075 PMCID: PMC4657189 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the skin-associated fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in dogs, and to evaluate the influence of body site, individual dog or health status on the distribution of fungi, next-generation sequencing was performed targeting the internal transcribed spacer region. A total of 10 dogs with no history of skin disease were sampled at 10 distinct body sites consisting of haired and mucosal skin, and 8 dogs with diagnosed skin allergies were sampled at six body sites commonly affected by allergic disease. Analysis of similarities revealed that body site was not an influencing factor on membership or structure of fungal communities in healthy skin; however, the mucosal sites were significantly reduced in fungal richness. The mycobiota from body sites in healthy dogs tended to be similar within a dog, which was visualized in principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) by clustering of all sites from one dog separate from other dogs. The mycobiota of allergic skin was significantly less rich than that of healthy skin, and all sites sampled clustered by health status in PCoA. Interestingly, the most abundant fungi present on canine skin, across all body sites and health statuses, were Alternaria and Cladosporium—two of the most common fungal allergens in human environmental allergies. The skin-associated fungal microbiota were characterized in healthy dogs and those with skin allergies using next-generation sequencing, and the authors identified significant influences of the dog and health status on the distribution and diversity of fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Meason-Smith
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Alison Diesel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Adam P Patterson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Caitlin E Older
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Joanne M Mansell
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
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Jang HM, Yeo GS, Kim JH, Hwang CY, Hyun JE, Kim SS, Kang YH, Jung DI. Prevalence of serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E for canine atopic dermatitis in Korea. J Biomed Res 2014. [DOI: 10.12729/jbr.2014.15.4.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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