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Zhang K, Liu M, Cong L, He X, Xu Y, Wang Q, Li C. A Comparative Study of Antitumor Immunity Induced by Radiofrequency Microwave and Cryoablation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4088-4104. [PMID: 37889403 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the immune responses induced by microwave ablation (MWA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and cryoablation (CRYO) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identify differences in immune responses and the timing of immune changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bilateral subcutaneous model was established in C57 mice, and the successfully modeled mice were divided into the microwave (n = 15), radiofrequency (n = 15), CRYO (n = 15), control (n = 9), and blank groups (n = 3). Mice in the control group were dissected before ablation, whereas mice in the three ablation groups underwent ultrasound-guided ablation of one axillary tumor. Three mice were sacrificed and dissected at 1-4 weeks after ablation. After tissue processing, flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of CD8 + T and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the tissue, and western blotting was used to assess the level of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein in the tumor tissue. RESULTS The pattern of immune changes after the three types of ablation was consistent, with immune changes occurring at 3-4 weeks. CRYO induced the most significant increase in the percentage of CD8 + T cells. There were no significant differences in the levels of Treg cells and the level of PD-L1 protein among the three types of ablation (p > 0.05), but the decline in Treg cells and PD-L1 protein level caused by CRYO was the most pronounced. CONCLUSION In the HCC mouse model, the immune changes following the three types of ablation were consistent, with immune changes occurring at 3-4 weeks. Among them, CRYO elicited the strongest adaptive immune response, and RFA outperformed MWA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Interventional MRI Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong, First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangmeng He
- Department of Interventional MRI Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujun Xu
- Department of Interventional MRI Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Medical Image Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengli Li
- Department of Interventional MRI Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Upadhye A, Meza Landeros KE, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Schmiedel BJ, Woo E, Chee SJ, Malicki D, Coufal NG, Gonda D, Levy ML, Greenbaum JA, Seumois G, Crawford J, Roberts WD, Schoenberger SP, Cheroutre H, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P, Ganesan AP. Intra-tumoral T cells in pediatric brain tumors display clonal expansion and effector properties. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:791-807. [PMID: 38228835 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Brain tumors in children are a devastating disease in a high proportion of patients. Owing to inconsistent results in clinical trials in unstratified patients, the role of immunotherapy remains unclear. We performed an in-depth survey of the single-cell transcriptomes and clonal relationship of intra-tumoral T cells from children with brain tumors. Our results demonstrate that a large fraction of T cells in the tumor tissue are clonally expanded with the potential to recognize tumor antigens. Such clonally expanded T cells display enrichment of transcripts linked to effector function, tissue residency, immune checkpoints and signatures of neoantigen-specific T cells and immunotherapy response. We identify neoantigens in pediatric brain tumors and show that neoantigen-specific T cell gene signatures are linked to better survival outcomes. Notably, among the patients in our cohort, we observe substantial heterogeneity in the degree of clonal expansion and magnitude of T cell response. Our findings suggest that characterization of intra-tumoral T cell responses may enable selection of patients for immunotherapy, an approach that requires prospective validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Upadhye
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin E Meza Landeros
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Edwin Woo
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Denise Malicki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Gonda
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Levy
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - John Crawford
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Children's Hospital Orange County, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William D Roberts
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Center NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Anusha-Preethi Ganesan
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Cherkassky L, Oshi M, Abdelfatah E, Wu R, Takabe Y, Yan L, Endo I, Takabe K. An immune-inflamed tumor microenvironment as defined by CD8 score is associated with favorable oncologic outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma independent of measures of tumor mutational burden. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3099-3110. [PMID: 35968349 PMCID: PMC9360211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite low mutational burden, immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated promising results in a significant minority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with advanced disease. We hypothesized that HCC patients with higher levels of CD8+ T cell infiltration reflect an immune-inflamed cohort which has improved oncologic outcomes. 355 HCC patients with clinical and transcriptome data in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 151 HCC patients from cohort GSE7624 were analyzed. xCell computational algorithm was used to analyze immune cell infiltration in these patients. Each cohort was divided into high and low expression by the highest 2 terciles value. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed to identify enriched gene sets. High CD8 score associated with improved overall survival in both cohorts (both P < 0.05). High score correlates with early BCLC stage (P = 0.035) but not AJCC stage. High CD8 also correlated with increased IFN-γ response (p = 0.038), lymphocyte infiltration (P < 0.001), and leukocyte fraction (P < 0.001). It was associated with increased polyclonality of T cell (P < 0.001) and B cell response (P = 0.017). High CD8 score correlated with increased cytolytic activity score (P < 0.001) and expression of multiple immune checkpoints including PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 and Lag3 (all P < 0.001). There was no correlation to tumor mutational burden and neoantigens. GSEA demonstrated upregulation of several gene sets involved in inflammatory response and IFN-γ response. In conclusion, HCC patients with high CD8 score demonstrated favorable oncologic outcomes, which may be due to immune-mediated tumor cell attack. Furthermore, CD8 score may be a potentially useful biomarker to select patients for immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Cherkassky
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Masanori Oshi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Eihab Abdelfatah
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Yamato Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New YorkBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata UniversityNiigata 951-8520, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Ramadori P, Kam S, Heikenwalder M. T cells: Friends and foes in NASH pathogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 2022; 75:1038-1049. [PMID: 35023202 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In association with the pandemic spreading of obesity and metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of NAFLD-related HCC is increasing almost exponentially. In recent years, many of the underlining multifactorial causes of NAFLD have been identified, and the cellular mechanisms sustaining disease development have been dissected up to the single-cell level. However, there is still an urgent need to provide clinicians with more therapeutic targets, with particular attention on NAFLD-induced HCC, where immune checkpoint inhibitors do not work as efficiently. Whereas much effort has been invested in elucidating the role of innate immune response in the hepatic NAFLD microenvironment, only in the past decade have novel critical roles been unraveled for T cells in driving chronic inflammation toward HCC. The metabolic and immune microenvironment interact to recreate a tumor-promoting and immune-suppressive terrain, responsible for resistance to anticancer therapy. In this article, we will review the specific functions of several T-cell populations involved in NAFLD and NAFLD-driven HCC. We will illustrate the cellular crosstalk with other immune cells, regulatory networks or stimulatory effects of these interactions, and role of the metabolic microenvironment in influencing immune cell functionality. Finally, we will present the pros and cons of the current therapeutic strategies against NAFLD-related HCC and delineate possible novel approaches for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Ramadori
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and CancerGerman Center for Cancer Research (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
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5
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently recognized iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by lipid peroxide accumulation to lethal levels. Cancer cells, which show an increased iron dependency to enable rapid growth, seem vulnerable to ferroptosis. There is also increasing evidence that ferroptosis might be immunogenic and therefore could synergize with immunotherapies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor with a low survival rate due to frequent recurrence and limited efficacy of conventional chemotherapies, illustrating the urgent need for novel drug approaches or combinatorial strategies. Immunotherapy is a new treatment approach for advanced HCC patients. In this setting, ferroptosis inducers may have substantial clinical potential. However, there are still many questions to answer before the mystery of ferroptosis is fully unveiled. This review discusses the existing studies and our current understanding regarding the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis with the goal of enhancing response to immunotherapy of liver cancer. In addition, challenges and opportunities in clinical applications of potential candidates for ferroptosis-driven therapeutic strategies will be summarized. Unraveling the role of ferroptosis in the immune response could benefit the development of promising anti-cancer therapies that overcome drug resistance and prevent tumor metastasis.
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6
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Zhang H, Zhang W, Jiang L, Chen Y. Recent advances in systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Res 2022; 10:3. [PMID: 35000616 PMCID: PMC8744248 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors in the world. Therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. Systemic treatment, especially with conventional cytotoxic drugs, is usually ineffective. For more than a decade, sorafenib has been the only systemic drug that has been proven to be clinically effective for treating advanced HCC. However, over the past three years, the rapid progress of molecular targeted therapies has dramatically changed the treatment landscape for advanced HCC. Immune checkpoint therapies are now being incorporated into HCC therapies, and their combination with molecular targeted therapy is emerging as a tool to enhance the immune response. In this review, we summarize the development and progress of molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wuyang Zhang
- Clinical skills training center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Longying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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7
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Liu HT, Jiang MJ, Deng ZJ, Li L, Huang JL, Liu ZX, Li LQ, Zhong JH. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Progresses and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:737497. [PMID: 34745958 PMCID: PMC8570111 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.737497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumor in the world and its incidence is increasing in many countries. In recent years, with the deepening understanding of the immune and pathological mechanisms of HCC, immunotherapy based on the regulation of tumor immune microenvironment has become a new treatment choice for patients with HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death protein-1, programmed death protein-ligand-1, or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 are the most widely used. Instead of general immune-enhancing therapies, ICIs can reactivate anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T cell signaling. In this review, the research progress and existing problems of ICIs in the treatment of HCC in recent years are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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8
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Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Based Combination Immunotherapy to Boost Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cell Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081922. [PMID: 33923463 PMCID: PMC8073815 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cytotoxic T cell response against hepatocellular carcinoma antigens is exhausted and fails in its task of deleting tumoral cells. These cells are featured by the expression of negative immune checkpoints that can be modulated to restore T cell function. The blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has shown promising results in rescuing hepatocellular carcinoma-specific CD8 T cells but only a reduced group of cases is sensitive to this treatment and the effect is usually temporary. Therefore, new anti-PD-1 based combinatory strategies are underway to increase the response by adding the effect of blocking neo-angiogenesis and other negative immune checkpoints, boosting positive immune checkpoints, blocking suppressive cytokines, or inducing the expression of tumoral neoantigens. The restoration of T cell responses with these anti-PD-1 based combinatory therapies will change the outcome of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Abstract Thirty to fifty percent of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) display an immune class genetic signature. In this type of tumor, HCC-specific CD8 T cells carry out a key role in HCC control. Those potential reactive HCC-specific CD8 T cells recognize either HCC immunogenic neoantigens or aberrantly expressed host’s antigens, but they become progressively exhausted or deleted. These cells express the negative immunoregulatory checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) which impairs T cell receptor signaling by blocking the CD28 positive co-stimulatory signal. The pool of CD8 cells sensitive to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment is the PD-1dim memory-like precursor pool that gives rise to the effector subset involved in HCC control. Due to the epigenetic imprints that are transmitted to the next generation, the effect of PD-1 blockade is transient, and repeated treatments lead to tumor resistance. During long-lasting disease, besides the TCR signaling impairment, T cells develop other failures that should be also set-up to increase T cell reactivity. Therefore, several PD-1 blockade-based combinatory therapies are currently under investigation such as adding antiangiogenics, anti-TGFβ1, blockade of other negative immune checkpoints, or increasing HCC antigen presentation. The effect of these combinations on CD8+ T cells is discussed in this review.
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Pinato DJ, Guerra N, Fessas P, Murphy R, Mineo T, Mauri FA, Mukherjee SK, Thursz M, Wong CN, Sharma R, Rimassa L. Immune-based therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:3620-3637. [PMID: 32157213 PMCID: PMC7190571 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death. The immune-rich contexture of the HCC microenvironment makes this tumour an appealing target for immune-based therapies. Here, we discuss how the functional characteristics of the liver microenvironment can potentially be harnessed for the treatment of HCC. We will review the evidence supporting a therapeutic role for vaccines, cell-based therapies and immune-checkpoint inhibitors and discuss the potential for patient stratification in an attempt to overcome the series of failures that has characterised drug development in this disease area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Pinato
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK.
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Petros Fessas
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK
| | - Ravindhi Murphy
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK
| | | | - Francesco A Mauri
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK
| | - Sujit K Mukherjee
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, UK
| | - Mark Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, UK
| | - Ching Ngar Wong
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Medical Oncology and Haematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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Flynn MJ, Sayed AA, Sharma R, Siddique A, Pinato DJ. Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2019; 69:2258-2270. [PMID: 30382576 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After a decade of stagnation in drug development, therapeutic reversal of immune-exhaustion with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) has been shown to be effective in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical development of novel ICPIs continues at a rapid pace, with more than 50 clinical trials of immunotherapeutic agents registered as of May 2018 for this indication. The development of ICPI is particularly challenging in patients with HCC, a population with unique features which impact on safety and efficacy of immune-modulating therapies. In this review, we discuss the biological foundations supporting the development of ICPIs across the advancing stages of HCC, focusing on the rational positioning of ICPIs across the various Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages of the disease. Translational studies should guide adequate prioritization of those therapeutic agents and combination strategies which are most likely to achieve patient benefit based on solid mechanistic and clinical justifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flynn
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anwar A Sayed
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Siddique
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Pinato
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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11
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New generation cancer therapy: right direction for sure with some uncertainty. Hepatol Int 2018; 13:22-24. [PMID: 30406337 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-018-9904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Delineation of an immunosuppressive gradient in hepatocellular carcinoma using high-dimensional proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5900-E5909. [PMID: 28674001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706559114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of immunotherapy as a cancer treatment has proved effective over recent years, but the precise dynamics between the tumor microenvironment (TME), nontumor microenvironment (NTME), and the systemic immune system remain elusive. Here, we interrogated these compartments in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using high-dimensional proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. By time-of-flight mass cytometry, we found that the TME was enriched in regulatory T cells (Tregs), tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRMs), resident natural killer cells (NKRs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This finding was also validated with immunofluorescence staining on Foxp3+CD4+ and PD-1+CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, Tregs and TRMs isolated from the TME expressed multiple markers for T-cell exhaustion, including PD-1, Lag-3, and Tim-3 compared with Tregs and TRMs isolated from the NTME. We found PD-1+ TRMs were the predominant T-cell subset responsive to anti-PD-1 treatment and significantly reduced in number with increasing HCC tumor progression. Furthermore, T-bet was identified as a key transcription factor, negatively correlated with PD-1 expression on memory CD8+ T cells, and the PD-1:T-bet ratio increased upon exposure to tumor antigens. Finally, transcriptomic analysis of tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues identified a chemotactic gradient for recruitment of TAMs and NKRs via CXCR3/CXCL10 and CCR6/CCL20 pathways, respectively. Taken together, these data confirm the existence of an immunosuppressive gradient across the TME, NTME, and peripheral blood in primary HCC that manipulates the activation status of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and renders them immunocompromised against tumor cells. By understanding the immunologic composition of this gradient, more effective immunotherapeutics for HCC may be designed.
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13
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Asai A, Tsuchimoto Y, Ohama H, Fukunishi S, Tsuda Y, Kobayashi M, Higuchi K, Suzuki F. Host antitumor resistance improved by the macrophage polarization in a chimera model of patients with HCC. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1299301. [PMID: 28507807 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1299301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in curative and palliative approaches, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. M1 macrophages (Mϕ) play a key role in host antitumor defenses in HCC. In our study, CD14+ cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of four groups of HCC patients (group-1, patients with stage 0 HCC; group-2, patients with stage A HCC; group-3, patients with stage B HCC; and group-4, patients with stage C HCC) and characterized phenotypically. Then, CD14+ cells from group-2 and group-3 HCC patients were induced to polarize and tested for their antitumor abilities in a chimera model of HCC patients. Human HCCs (HepG2 solid tumors) grew in a chimera model of group-3 patients (group-3 HCC chimeras) but not in a chimera model of group-2 patients (group-2 HCC chimeras). In response to HCC antigens, the majority of CD14+ cells from group-2 patients (group-2 CD14+ cells) switched to the M1 phenotype (IL-12+IL-10-iNOS+cells), whereas the majority of CD14+ cells from group-3 patients (group-3 CD14+ cells) did not switch to the M1 phenotype and continued to express M2b phenotypic properties (IL-12-IL-10+CCL1+iNOS-cells). Group-3 CD14+ cells showed M1Mϕ polarization after treatment with CCL1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). Therefore, our study indicates that anti-HCC defenses of group-3 HCC chimeras are improved after CCL1 antisense ODN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Asai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan.,Medical Laboratory, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsuchimoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Hideko Ohama
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukunishi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsuda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Makiko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Fujio Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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14
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Liepelt A, Tacke F. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) as a target in liver diseases. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G203-9. [PMID: 27313175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00193.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) or CXCL12 is constitutively expressed in healthy liver. However, its expression increases following acute or chronic liver injury. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), hepatic stellate cells (HSC), and malignant hepatocytes are important sources of SDF-1/CXCL12 in liver diseases. CXCL12 is able to activate two chemokine receptors with different downstream signaling pathways, CXCR4 and CXCR7. CXCR7 expression is relevant on LSEC, while HSC, mesenchymal stem cells, and tumor cells mainly respond via CXCR4. Here, we summarize recent developments in the field of liver diseases involving this chemokine and its receptors. SDF-1-dependent signaling contributes to modulating acute liver injury and subsequent tissue regeneration. By activating HSC and recruiting mesenchymal cells from bone marrow, CXCL12 can promote liver fibrosis progression, while CXCL12-CXCR7 interactions endorse proregenerative responses in chronic injury. Moreover, the SDF-1 pathway is linked to development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and HCC metastasis. High hepatic CXCR4 expression has been suggested as a biomarker indicating poor prognosis of HCC patients. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) also express CXCR4 and migrate toward CXCL12. Thus CXCL12 inhibition might not only directly block HCC growth but also modulate the tumor microenvironment (angiogenesis, MDSC), thereby sensitizing HCC patients to conventional or emerging novel cancer therapies (e.g., sorafenib, regorafenib, nivolumab, pembrolizumab). We herein summarize the current knowledge on the complex interplay between CXCL12 and CXCR4/CXCR7 in liver diseases and discuss approaches on the therapeutic targeting of these axes in hepatitis, fibrosis, and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Liepelt
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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15
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Vo M, Holz LE, Wong YC, English K, Benseler V, McGuffog C, Azuma M, McCaughan GW, Bowen DG, Bertolino P. Effector T cell function rather than survival determines extent and duration of hepatitis in mice. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1327-38. [PMID: 26924452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute hepatitis is often mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs); however, the intrinsic parameters that limit CTL-mediated liver injury are not well understood. METHODS To investigate whether acute liver damage is limited by molecules that decrease the lifespan or effector function of CTLs, we used a well-characterized transgenic (Tg) mouse model in which acute liver damage develops upon transfer of T cell receptor (TCR) Tg CD8 T cells. Recipient Tg mice received donor TCR Tg T cells deficient for either the pro-apoptotic molecule Bim, which regulates CTL survival, or suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1), which controls expression of common gamma chain cytokines; the effects of anti-PD-L1 neutralizing antibodies were also assessed. RESULTS Use of Bim-deficient donor T cells and/or PD-L1 blockade increased the number of intrahepatic T cells without affecting the degree and kinetic of acute hepatitis. In contrast, SOCS-1-deficient T cells induced a heightened, prolonged acute hepatitis caused by their enhanced cytotoxic function and increased expansion. Although they inflicted more severe acute liver damage, SOCS-1-deficient T cells never precipitated chronic hepatitis and became exhausted. CONCLUSIONS The degree of acute hepatitis is regulated by the function of CD8 T cells, but is not affected by changes in CTL lifespan. Although manipulation of the examined parameters affected acute hepatitis, persistent hepatitis did not ensue, indicating that, in the presence of high intrahepatic antigen load, changes in these factors in isolation were not sufficient to prevent T cell exhaustion and mediate progression to chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Vo
- Liver Immunology Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia; AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Newtown, NSW, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren E Holz
- Liver Immunology Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia; AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Newtown, NSW, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Current address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- Liver Immunology Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia; AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Newtown, NSW, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kieran English
- Liver Immunology Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia; AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Newtown, NSW, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Volker Benseler
- Liver Immunology Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia; AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Newtown, NSW, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Current address: Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Claire McGuffog
- Liver Immunology Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia; AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Newtown, NSW, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Newtown, NSW, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Bowen
- Liver Immunology Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia; AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Newtown, NSW, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia; AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Newtown, NSW, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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16
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Kalathil SG, Thanavala Y. High immunosuppressive burden in cancer patients: a major hurdle for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:813-9. [PMID: 26910314 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A bottleneck for immunotherapy of cancer is the immunosuppressive microenvironment in which the tumor cells are located. Regardless of the fact that large numbers of tumor-specific T cells can be generated in patients by active immunization or adoptive transfer, these T cells do not readily translate to tumor cell killing in vivo. The immune regulatory mechanism that prevents autoimmunity may be harnessed by tumor cells for the evasion of immune destruction. Regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, inhibitory cytokines and immune checkpoint receptors are the major components of the immune system acting in concert with causing the subversion of anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. This redundant immunosuppressive network may pose an impediment to efficacious immunotherapy, thus facilitating tumor progression. Cancer progression clearly documents the failure of immune control over relentless growth of tumor cells. Detailed knowledge of each of these factors responsible for creating an immunosuppressive shield to protect tumor cells from immune destruction is essential for the development of novel immune-based therapeutic interventions of cancer. Multipronged targeted depletion of these suppressor cells may restore production of granzyme B by CD8(+) T cells and increase the number of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Gopi Kalathil
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Yasmin Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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17
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Spear TT, Callender GG, Roszkowski JJ, Moxley KM, Simms PE, Foley KC, Murray DC, Scurti GM, Li M, Thomas JT, Langerman A, Garrett-Mayer E, Zhang Y, Nishimura MI. TCR gene-modified T cells can efficiently treat established hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:293-304. [PMID: 26842125 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The success in recent clinical trials using T cell receptor (TCR)-genetically engineered T cells to treat melanoma has encouraged the use of this approach toward other malignancies and viral infections. Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is being treated with a new set of successful direct anti-viral agents, potential for virologic breakthrough or relapse by immune escape variants remains. Additionally, many HCV+ patients have HCV-associated disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which does not respond to these novel drugs. Further exploration of other approaches to address HCV infection and its associated disease are highly warranted. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of PBL-derived T cells genetically engineered with a high-affinity, HLA-A2-restricted, HCV NS3:1406-1415-reactive TCR. HCV1406 TCR-transduced T cells can recognize naturally processed antigen and elicit CD8-independent recognition of both peptide-loaded targets and HCV+ human HCC cell lines. Furthermore, these cells can mediate regression of established HCV+ HCC in vivo. Our results suggest that HCV TCR-engineered antigen-reactive T cells may be a plausible immunotherapy option to treat HCV-associated malignancies, such as HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T Spear
- Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Glenda G Callender
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | | | - Kelly M Moxley
- Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29415, USA
| | - Patricia E Simms
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Kendra C Foley
- Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - David C Murray
- Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Gina M Scurti
- Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29415, USA
| | - Mingli Li
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29415, USA
| | - Justin T Thomas
- Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29415, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29415, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29415, USA.,Biotherapy Center and Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael I Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29415, USA.
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18
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Pol J, Buqué A, Aranda F, Bloy N, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Erbs P, Fucikova J, Galon J, Limacher JM, Preville X, Sautès-Fridman C, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Oncolytic viruses and cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1117740. [PMID: 27057469 PMCID: PMC4801444 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy relies on the administration of non-pathogenic viral strains that selectively infect and kill malignant cells while favoring the elicitation of a therapeutically relevant tumor-targeting immune response. During the past few years, great efforts have been dedicated to the development of oncolytic viruses with improved specificity and potency. Such an intense wave of investigation has culminated this year in the regulatory approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of a genetically engineered oncolytic viral strain for use in melanoma patients. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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19
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Wei R, Hu Y, Dong F, Xu X, Hu A, Gao G. Hepatoma cell-derived leptin downregulates the immunosuppressive function of regulatory T-cells to enhance the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T-cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 94:388-99. [PMID: 26639061 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immune response against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could be a therapeutic target to restrain HCC initiation and growth. The interactions between hepatoma cells and immune cells modify the anti-tumor immunity to influence hepatoma cell survival. To explore the potential interplay between hepatoma cells and anti-HCC T-cells, we conducted a HCC induction mouse model to analyze the phenotypic and functional alterations of T-cell subsets. We found that both hepatoma tissues and hepatoma cell lines substantially produced higher leptin, which is an adipokine usually expressed in fat tissue, than normal liver tissue or hepatocytes. We also found that regulatory T-cells (Tregs), effector CD4(+) T-cells and CD8(+) T-cells upregulated expression of leptin receptor (LEPR) in spleens and livers after HCC induction. In vitro study showed that macrophages and dendritic cells isolated from HCC livers upregulated LEPR expression on T-cells. Leptin inhibited Treg activation and function in vitro, demonstrated by lower expression of TGF-β, IL-10, CTLA4 and GITR in Tregs, as wells weaker suppression of CD8(+) T-cell proliferation and production of cytotoxic mediators. In addition, silencing LEPR in Tregs favored tumor growth in a hepatoma cell line allograft model. Taken together, our study suggests that hepatoma cells could enhance anti-HCC immunity through secreting leptin to down-regulate Treg activity and subsequently promote CD8(+) T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renxiong Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo City, China
| | - Yaoren Hu
- Liver Disease Branch, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Feibo Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Xiaozhen Xu
- Liver Disease Branch, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Airong Hu
- Liver Disease Branch, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Guosheng Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
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