1
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Das B, Kundu CN. Anti-Cancer Stem Cells Potentiality of an Anti-Malarial Agent Quinacrine: An Old Wine in a New Bottle. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:416-427. [PMID: 32698746 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200721123046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quinacrine (QC) is a tricyclic compound and a derivative of 9-aminoacridine. It has been widely used to treat malaria and other parasitic diseases since the last century. Interestingly, studies have revealed that it also displays anti-cancer activities. Here, we have discussed the anti-cancer mechanism of QC along with its potentiality to specifically target cancer stem cells. The anti-cancer action of this drug includes DNA intercalation, inhibition of DNA repair mechanism, prevention of cellular growth, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of DNA and RNA polymerase activity, induction of autophagy, promotion of apoptosis, deregulation of cell signaling in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis. In addition, we have also emphasized on the synergistic effect of this drug with other potent chemotherapeutic agents and mentioned its different applications in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Das
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Chanakya N Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
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2
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Kulkarni NS, Vaidya B, Gupta V. Nano-synergistic combination of Erlotinib and Quinacrine for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapeutics - Evaluation in biologically relevant in-vitro models. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111891. [PMID: 33579503 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pre-dominant subtype of lung cancer, is a global disorder affecting millions worldwide. One of the early treatments for NSCLC was use of a first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Erlotinib (Erlo). However, chronic exposure to Erlo led to development of acquired drug resistance (ADR) in NSCLC, limiting the clinical use of Erlo. A potential approach to overcome development of ADR is a multi-drug therapy. It has been previously reported that Erlo and Quinacrine (QA), an anti-malarial drug, can work synergistically to inhibit tumor progression in NSCLC. However, the combination failed at clinical stages, citing lack of efficacy. In this study, an effort has been made to improve the efficacy of Erlo-QA combination via development of nanoformulations, known to enhance therapeutic efficacy of potent chemotherapies. Synergy between Erlo and QA was measured via estimating the combination indices (CI). It was seen that established combination of nanoformulations (CI: 0.25) had better synergy than plain drug solutions (CI: 0.85) in combination. Following extensive in-vitro testing, data were simulated in biologically relevant 3D tumor models. Two tumor models were developed for extensive in-vitro testing, 3D-Spheroids grown in ultra-low attachment culture plates for efficacy evaluation and a 5D-spheroid model in 5D-sphericalplate with capability of growing 750 spheroids/well for protein expression analysis. Extensive studies on these models revealed that combination of Erlo and QA nanoformulations overall had a better effect in terms of synergy enhancement as compared to plain drug combination. Further, effect of combinatorial therapy on molecular markers was evaluated on 5D-Sphericalplate leading to similar effects on synergy enhancement. Results from present study suggests that combination of nanoformulations can improve the synergy between Erlo and QA while reducing the overall therapeutic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant S Kulkarni
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | | | - Vivek Gupta
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA.
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3
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Winer A, Denlinger CS, Vijayvergia N, Cohen SJ, Astaturov I, Dotan E, Gallant JN, Wang EW, Kunkel M, Lim B, Harvey HA, Sivik J, Korzekwa K, Ruth K, White K, Cooper HS, Ross EA, Zhou L, El-Deiry WS. First-in-Human Phase 1b Trial of Quinacrine Plus Capecitabine in Patients With Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2020; 20:e43-e52. [PMID: 32972830 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinacrine plus a fluoropyrimidine has in vivo efficacy against metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This phase 1b trial evaluated the combination of quinacrine plus capecitabine in patients with treatment-refractory mCRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using a modified Simon accelerated titration design, adults with treatment-refractory mCRC were treated with capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily for 14/21-day cycle, and escalating doses of quinacrine 100 mg daily, 100 mg twice daily, and 200 mg twice daily for 21 days. The primary endpoint was identifying the maximum tolerated dose, determining tolerability and safety. In an expansion cohort, it was overall response rate and time to tumor progression (TTP). RESULTS Ten patients (median age of 60 years) were treated in phase 1b. The first 2 quinacrine dosing levels were well tolerated. Dose-limiting toxicities were seen in 3 patients treated with quinacrine 200 mg twice daily. Five additional patients tolerated quinacrine 100 mg twice daily without further dose-limiting toxicities, thus establishing the maximum tolerated dose. Seven additional expansion-cohort patients enrolled onto the study before quinacrine manufacturing ceased within the United States. Five patients experienced stable disease, 1 partial response, and 10 disease progression. Median TTP overall was 2.12 months and median overall survival 5.22 months for the 17 patients. CONCLUSION Capecitabine and quinacrine can be safely administered at the maximum tolerated dose of capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 by mouth twice daily on days 1-14 and quinacrine 100 mg by mouth twice daily on days 1-21 of a 21-day cycle in mCRC patients. Although the expansion study was halted early, TTP was in line with other studies of refractory mCRC, suggesting activity of this regimen in heavily pretreated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Nicolas Gallant
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Edward W Wang
- City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA; Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | | | - Bora Lim
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Karen Ruth
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Lanlan Zhou
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; The Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; The Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI.
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4
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Liang R, Yao Y, Wang G, Yue E, Yang G, Qi X, Wang Y, Zhao L, Zheng T, Zhang Y, Wenge Wang E. Repositioning Quinacrine Toward Treatment of Ovarian Cancer by Rational Combination With TRAIL. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1118. [PMID: 32766144 PMCID: PMC7379129 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinacrine has been identified as a potent DR5-inducing agent that sensitizes cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In the current study, we found that quinacrine increased DR5 mRNA levels significantly in ovarian cancer cell lines regardless of p53 status. Further study showed the half-life of DR5 in quinacrine-treated cells was significantly prolonged, indicating that DR5 protein degradation was inhibited by quinacrine. We tested if the combination of TRAIL and quinacrine could be effective in ovarian cancer treatment in vitro and in ovarian cancer xenograft mouse models. We found that quinacrine enhanced TRAIL sensitivity or reversed TRAIL resistance in all the ovarian cancer cell lines tested. Mice treated with quinacrine and TRAIL remained disease-free for up to 20 weeks, however, mice treated with TRAIL or quinacrine alone and in control group died within ~8 weeks after treatment. Intraperitoneal delivery of quinacrine and TRAIL is rational and practical with extraordinary synergistic anti-cancer effects in preclinical models of ovarian cancer. Clinical investigation of combining quinacrine with TRAIL for ovarian cancer treatment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanfei Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States.,Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States.,Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Er Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Guangchao Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States.,Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Edward Wenge Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
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5
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khorshid Sofyani E, sharifi R. Synergistic Effect of Docetaxel Combined with Quinacrine on Induction of Apoptosis and Reduction of Cell proliferation in a Lung Cancer Cell Line. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.14.4.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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6
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Etman SM, Abdallah OY, Mehanna RA, Elnaggar YS. Lactoferrin/Hyaluronic acid double-coated lignosulfonate nanoparticles of quinacrine as a controlled release biodegradable nanomedicine targeting pancreatic cancer. Int J Pharm 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Etman SM, Abdallah OY, Mehanna RA, Elnaggar YSR. Lactoferrin/Hyaluronic acid double-coated lignosulfonate nanoparticles of quinacrine as a controlled release biodegradable nanomedicine targeting pancreatic cancer. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119097. [PMID: 32032904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinacrine is an antimalarial drug that was repositioned for treatment of cancer. This is the first work to enhance quinacrine activity and minimize its associated hepatotoxicity via loading into bio-degradable, bio-renewable lignosulfonate nanoparticles. Particles were appraised for treatment of pancreatic cancer, one of the most life-threatening tumors with a five-year survival estimate. Optimum nanocomposites prepared by polyelectrolyte interaction exhibited a particle size of 138 nm, a negative surface charge (-28 mV) and a pH dependent release of the drug in an acidic environment. Ligands used for active targeting (lactoferrin and hyaluronic acid) were added to nanoparticles' surface via layer by layer coating technique. The highest anticancer activity on PANC-1 cells was demonstrated with dual active targeted particles (3-fold decrease in IC50) along with an increased ability to inhibit migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. In vivo studies revealed that elaborated nanoparticles particles showed the highest tumor volume reduction with enhanced survival without any toxicity on major organs. In conclusion, the elaborated nanoparticles could be considered as a promising targeted nanotherapy for treatment of pancreatic cancer with higher efficacy& survival rate and lower organ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Etman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt; Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications CERRMA, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Yosra S R Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt; Head of International Publication and Nanotechnology Center INCC, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University of Alexandria, Egypt.
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8
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Oien DB, Pathoulas CL, Ray U, Thirusangu P, Kalogera E, Shridhar V. Repurposing quinacrine for treatment-refractory cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:21-30. [PMID: 31562955 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinacrine, also known as mepacrine, has originally been used as an antimalarial drug for close to a century, but was recently rediscovered as an anticancer agent. The mechanisms of anticancer effects of quinacrine are not well understood. The anticancer potential of quinacrine was discovered in a screen for small molecule activators of p53, and was specifically shown to inhibit NFκB suppression of p53. However, quinacrine can cause cell death in cells that lack p53 or have p53 mutations, which is a common occurrence in many malignant tumors including high grade serous ovarian cancer. Recent reports suggest quinacrine may inhibit cancer cell growth through multiple mechanisms including regulating autophagy, FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) chromatin trapping, and the DNA repair process. Additional reports also suggest quinacrine is effective against chemoresistant gynecologic cancer. In this review, we discuss anticancer effects of quinacrine and potential mechanisms of action with a specific focus on gynecologic and breast cancer where treatment-refractory tumors are associated with increased mortality rates. Repurposing quinacrine as an anticancer agent appears to be a promising strategy based on its ability to target multiple pathways, its selectivity against cancer cells, and the synergistic cytotoxicity when combined with other anticancer agents with limited side effects and good tolerability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B Oien
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christopher L Pathoulas
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Upasana Ray
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Prabhu Thirusangu
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Viji Shridhar
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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9
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Lei H, Tu Y, Yang L, Jin J, Luo H, Xu H, Kang J, Zhou L, Wu Y. Quinacrine Depletes BCR-ABL and Suppresses Ph-Positive Leukemia Cells. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:242-252. [PMID: 31296070 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1630633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance to TKIs and the existance of CML leukemia stem cells is an urgent problem. In this study, we demonstrate that quinacrine (QC) induces apoptosis in BCR-ABL positive CML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Interestingly, QC inhibits the colony formation of primary CD34+ progenitor/stem leukemia cells from CML patients. QC targets RNA polymerase I, which produces ribosomal (r)RNA, involving in protein translation process. Also, QC treatment prolongs CML-like mice survival and inhibits K562 tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrate that QC depletes BCR-ABL protein and suppresses Ph-positive leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lei
- a Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yaoyao Tu
- a Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Li Yang
- a Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jin Jin
- a Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hao Luo
- a Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hanzhang Xu
- a Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jingwu Kang
- b State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Li Zhou
- c Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yingli Wu
- a Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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10
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Cicaloni V, Trezza A, Pettini F, Spiga O. Applications of in Silico Methods for Design and Development of Drugs Targeting Protein-Protein Interactions. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:534-554. [PMID: 30836920 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190304153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) is a major challenge in modern molecular biology and biochemistry research, due to the unquestionable role of proteins in cells, biological process and pathological states. Over the past decade, the PPIs have evolved from being considered a highly challenging field of research to being investigated and examined as targets for pharmacological intervention. OBJECTIVE Comprehension of protein interactions is crucial to known how proteins come together to build signalling pathways, to carry out their functions, or to cause diseases, when deregulated. Multiplicity and great amount of PPIs structures offer a huge number of new and potential targets for the treatment of different diseases. METHODS Computational techniques are becoming predominant in PPIs studies for their effectiveness, flexibility, accuracy and cost. As a matter of fact, there are effective in silico approaches which are able to identify PPIs and PPI site. Such methods for computational target prediction have been developed through molecular descriptors and data-mining procedures. RESULTS In this review, we present different types of interactions between protein-protein and the application of in silico methods for design and development of drugs targeting PPIs. We described computational approaches for the identification of possible targets on protein surface and to detect of stimulator/ inhibitor molecules. CONCLUSION A deeper study of the most recent bioinformatics methodologies for PPIs studies is vital for a better understanding of protein complexes and for discover new potential PPI modulators in therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cicaloni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Dept. of Excellence 2018-2022), University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Trezza
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Dept. of Excellence 2018-2022), University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Pettini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Dept. of Excellence 2018-2022), University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Dept. of Excellence 2018-2022), University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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11
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Yan H, Bian A, Gao X, Li H, Chen Z, Liu X. Novel applications for an established antimalarial drug: tumoricidal activity of quinacrine. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1511-1520. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinacrine (QC), a synthetic antimalarial drug, was consistently used worldwide to combat malaria during the last century. Interestingly, later studies revealed that it also displays various additional properties, specifically antitumor activity. QC's antitumor activity occurs via a variety of pathways, including DNA intercalation, angiogenesis inhibition, signal transduction regulation, cell cycle arrest and autophagy induction. In combination with traditional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, QC has also displayed synergistic effects against tumors, which may open promising therapeutic avenues. However, the breadth and complexity of its antitumor mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we have systematically categorized QC's reported antitumor mechanisms from recent studies, to enable a deeper understanding of its antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity & Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology & Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Anning Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity & Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology & Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Xiaoge Gao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, PR China
| | - Huiqin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity & Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology & Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Zetian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity & Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology & Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Xiangye Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity & Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology & Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
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12
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Jing B, Jin J, Xiang R, Liu M, Yang L, Tong Y, Xiao X, Lei H, Liu W, Xu H, Deng J, Zhou L, Wu Y. Vorinostat and quinacrine have synergistic effects in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through reactive oxygen species increase and mitophagy inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:589. [PMID: 29789603 PMCID: PMC5964102 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent progress in the treatment, the outcome of adult acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is poor. Development of novel approach to combat this disease is urgently required. Vorinostat, a pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, exerts promising anticancer activity in a variety of solid and hematologic malignancies. However, the efficacy of vorinostat monotherapy is unsatisfactory. Here, we show that quinacrine (QC), an anti-malaria drug with potent autophagy inhibitory activity, could synergistically enhance vorinostat-induced cell death at a non-toxic concentration. Compared to the single treatment, QC plus vorinostat significantly induced apoptosis, disrupted the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and decreased Mcl-1 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Interestingly, the application of QC plus vorinostat resulted in mitophagy blockade, as reflected by the increase in the K63-linked ubiquitination of mitochondria protein and the formation of mitochondrial aggresomes. QC plus vorinostat markedly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in cells. Moreover, the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abrogated QC plus vorinostat-induced ROS, decreased the ubiquitination of mitochondria proteins, and cell death. Finally, using a xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated that QC plus vorinostat significantly reduced cell proliferation and induced cell death in vivo. Taken together, our results showed that the combination of QC with vorinostat may represent a novel regimen for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which deserves clinical evaluation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Rufang Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Tong
- Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanzhang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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Das S, Tripathi N, Preet R, Siddharth S, Nayak A, Bharatam PV, Kundu CN. Quinacrine induces apoptosis in cancer cells by forming a functional bridge between TRAIL-DR5 complex and modulating the mitochondrial intrinsic cascade. Oncotarget 2018; 8:248-267. [PMID: 27542249 PMCID: PMC5352116 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Death Receptor 5 (DR5) is known to be an important anti-cancer drug target. TRAIL is a natural ligand of DR5, but its drug action is limited because of several factors. A few agonistic ligands were identified as TRAIL-DR5 axis modulators, which enhance the cellular apoptosis. Literature suggest that quinacrine (QC) acts as a DR5 agonistic ligand. However, the detailed mechanism explaining how QC interacts with TRAIL-DR5 axis has not been established. Also focused in vitro and in vivo experimental analysis to validate the hypothesis is not yet performed. In this work, extensive studies have been carried out using in silico analysis (molecular dynamics), in vitro analysis (cell based assays) and in vivo analysis (based on mice xenograft model), to delineate the mechanism of QC action in modulating the TRAIL-DR5 signaling. The MD simulations helped in identifying the important residues contributing to the formation of a QC-TRAIL-DR5 complex, which provide extra stability to it, consequently leading to the enhanced cellular apoptosis. QC caused a dose dependent increase of DR5 expression in cancer cells but not in normal breast epithelial cells, MCF-10A. QC showed a synergistic effect with TRAIL in causing cancer cell apoptosis. In DR5-KD MCF-10A-Tr (DR5 knocked down) cells, TRAIL+ QC failed to significantly increase the apoptosis but over expression of full length DR5 in DR5-silence cells induced apoptosis, further supporting DR5 as a drug target for QC. An increase in the release of reactive species (ROS and RNS) and activation of enzymes (FADD, CASPASES 3, 8, 9 and cytochrome-C) indicated the involvement of mitochondrial intrinsic pathway in TRAIL+QC mediated apoptosis. In vivo study pointed out that TRAIL+QC co-administration increases the expression of DR5 and reduce the tumor size in xenograft mice. This combined in silico, in vitro and in vivo analysis revealed that QC enhances the cellular apoptosis via the modulation of TRAIL-DR5 complexation and the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Das
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Neha Tripathi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Ranjan Preet
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Anmada Nayak
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
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14
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Jung D, Khurana A, Roy D, Kalogera E, Bakkum-Gamez J, Chien J, Shridhar V. Quinacrine upregulates p21/p27 independent of p53 through autophagy-mediated downregulation of p62-Skp2 axis in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2487. [PMID: 29410485 PMCID: PMC5802832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the anti-malarial compound Quinacrine (QC) inhibits ovarian cancer (OC) growth by modulating autophagy. In the present study we extended these studies to identify the molecular pathways regulated by QC to promote apoptosis independent of p53 status in OC. QC exhibited strong anti-cancer properties in OC cell lines in contrast to other anti-malarial autophagy inhibiting drugs. QC treatment selectively upregulated cell cycle inhibitor p21, and downregulated F box protein Skp2 and p62/SQSTM1 expression independent of p53 status. Genetic downregulation of key autophagy protein ATG5 abolished QC-mediated effects on both cell cycle protein p21/Skp2 as well as autophagic cargo protein p62. Furthermore, genetic silencing of p62/SQSTM1 resulted in increased sensitivity to QC-mediated apoptosis, downregulated Skp2 mRNA and increased accumulation of p21 expression. Likewise, genetic knockdown of Skp2 resulted in the upregulation of p21 and p27 and increased sensitivity of OC cells to QC treatment. In contrast, transient overexpression of exogenous p62-HA plasmid rescued the QC-mediated Skp2 downregulation indicating the positive regulation of Skp2 by p62. Collectively, these data indicate that QC-mediated effects on cell cycle proteins p21/Skp2is autophagy-dependent and p53-independent in high grade serious OC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeokBeom Jung
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ashwani Khurana
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eleftheria Kalogera
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jamie Bakkum-Gamez
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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15
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Zhu S, Chen Z, Wang L, Peng D, Belkhiri A, Lockhart AC, El-Rifai W. A Combination of SAHA and Quinacrine Is Effective in Inducing Cancer Cell Death in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1905-1916. [PMID: 29386219 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of single agent and the combination of quinacrine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in wt- and mut-p53 upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGC) cell models.Experimental Design: ATP-Glo, clonogenic cell survival, Annexin V, comet, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), qPCR, and Western blot analysis assays were utilized.Results: Using clonogenic cell survival, ATP-Glo cell viability, Annexin V, and sub-G0 population analysis, we demonstrated that a combination of quinacrine and SAHA significantly decreased colony formation and increased cancer cell death (range, 4-20 fold) in six UGC cell models, as compared with single-agent treatments, irrespective of the p53 status (P < 0.01). The combination of quinacrine and SAHA induced high levels of DSB DNA damage (>20-fold, P < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed activation of caspases-3, 9, and γ-H2AX in all cell models. Of note, although quinacrine treatment induced expression of wt-p53 protein, the combination of quinacrine and SAHA substantially decreased the levels of both wt-P53 and mut-P53. Furthermore, cell models that were resistant to cisplatin (CDDP) or gefitinib treatments were sensitive to this combination. Tumor xenograft data confirmed that a combination of quinacrine and SAHA is more effective than a single-agent treatment in abrogating tumor growth in vivo (P < 0.01).Conclusions: Our novel findings show that the combination of quinacrine and SAHA promotes DNA damage and is effective in inducing cancer cell death, irrespective of p53 status and resistance to CDDP or gefitinib in UGC models. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1905-16. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - A Craig Lockhart
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
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16
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Yang S, Sheng L, Xu K, Wang Y, Zhu H, Zhang P, Mu Q, Ouyang G. Anticancer effect of quinacrine on diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma via inhibition of MSI2‑NUMB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:522-530. [PMID: 29115587 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non‑Hodgkin's lymphoma. Despite improvements in the clinical outcomes of DLBCL, ~30% of patients will develop relapse/refractory disease. Therefore, novel therapeutic drugs have been investigated to improve disease outcomes. Previous studies have revealed the anticancer effects of quinacrine (QC) on tumor cells in vitro, although its role in human DLBCL is yet to be identified. The present study sought to examine the cytotoxic effect of QC on DLBCL cells. QC induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the DLBCL cell lines SU‑DHL‑8 and OCI‑LY01, in a dose‑dependent manner, in addition to the downregulation of cyclin‑dependent kinase 4/6 and the upregulation of cleaved poly‑ADP ribose polymerase 1. Upon exposure to QC, RNA‑binding protein Musashi homolog 2 inactivation and activation of protein numb homolog were observed. In addition, QC was able to inhibit the expression of Myc proto‑oncogene protein. The results of the present study indicated that QC may be a potential anti‑DLBCL drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Kaihong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Qitian Mu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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17
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Harada M, Morimoto K, Kondo T, Hiramatsu R, Okina Y, Muko R, Matsuda I, Kataoka T. Quinacrine Inhibits ICAM-1 Transcription by Blocking DNA Binding of the NF-κB Subunit p65 and Sensitizes Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells to TNF-α and the Fas Ligand. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122603. [PMID: 29207489 PMCID: PMC5751206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinacrine has been used for therapeutic drugs in some clinical settings. In the present study, we demonstrated that quinacrine decreased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-1 (IL-1) α in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Quinacrine inhibited ICAM-1 mRNA expression and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-responsive luciferase reporter activity following a treatment with TNF-α and IL-1α. In the NF-κB signaling pathway, quinacrine did not markedly affect the TNF-α-induced degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB or the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit, p65, at Ser-536 and its subsequent translocation to the nucleus. In contrast, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that quinacrine prevented the binding of p65 to the ICAM-1 promoter following TNF-α stimulation. Moreover, TNF-α and the Fas ligand effectively reduced the viability of A549 cells in the presence of quinacrine only. Quinacrine down-regulated the constitutive and TNF-α-induced expression of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 in A549 cells. These results revealed that quinacrine inhibits ICAM-1 transcription by blocking the DNA binding of p65 and sensitizes A549 cells to TNF-α and the Fas ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Harada
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Morimoto
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Kondo
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Reiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuji Okina
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Ryo Muko
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Iyo Matsuda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Takao Kataoka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion (CAIRP), Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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18
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Huang CH, Lee YC, Chen YJ, Wang LJ, Shi YJ, Chang LS. Quinacrine induces the apoptosis of human leukemia U937 cells through FOXP3/miR-183/β-TrCP/SP1 axis-mediated BAX upregulation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 334:35-46. [PMID: 28867437 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Quinacrine, which is clinically used as an antimalarial drug, has anti-cancer activity. However, mechanism underlying its cytotoxic effect remains to be completely elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of quinacrine on human leukemia U937 cells. Quinacrine-induced apoptosis of U937 cells was accompanied with ROS generation, mitochondrial depolarization, and BAX upregulation. Quinacrine-treated U937 cells showed ROS-mediated p38 MAPK activation and ERK inactivation, which in turn upregulated FOXP3 transcription. FOXP3-mediated miR-183 expression decreased β-TrCP mRNA stability and suppressed β-TrCP-mediated SP1 degradation, thus increasing SP1 expression in U937 cells. Upregulated SP1 expression further increased BAX expression. BAX knock-down attenuated quinacrine-induced mitochondrial depolarization and increased the viability of quinacrine-treated cells. Together, our data indicate that quinacrine-induced apoptosis of U937 cells is mediated by mitochondrial alterations triggered by FOXP3/miR-183/β-TrCP/SP1 axis-mediated BAX upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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19
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Das S, Nayak A, Siddharth S, Nayak D, Narayan S, Kundu CN. TRAIL enhances quinacrine-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells through induction of autophagy via modulation of p21 and DR5 interactions. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:593-607. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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20
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Etoposide and doxorubicin enhance the sensitivity of triple negative breast cancers through modulation of TRAIL-DR5 axis. Apoptosis 2017; 22:1205-1224. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Zuo C, Sheng X, Liu Z, Ma M, Xiong S, Deng H, Li S, Yang D, Wang X, Xiao H, Quan H, Xia M. MicroRNA-138 enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through interferon-stimulated gene 15 downregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639887 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317710410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a potential target for cancer therapy. However, many cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and its mechanism is not well understood. In this study, to identify potential therapeutic targets for TRAIL-resistant cancer cells, we compared the expression levels of interferon-stimulated gene 15 in TRAIL-sensitive and TRAIL-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Western blot analysis showed that interferon-stimulated gene 15 expression levels were significantly higher in resistant HLCZ01and Huh7 cells than in sensitive LH86 and SMMC-7721 cells. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 knockdown in resistance cells led to TRAIL sensitivity. Conversely, interferon-stimulated gene 15 overexpression in sensitive cells resulted in TRAIL resistance. Our bioinformatics search detected a putative target sequence for microRNA miR-138 in the 3' untranslated region of the interferon-stimulated gene 15. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that miR-138 was significantly downregulated in TRAIL-resistant cells compared to TRAIL-sensitive cells. Forced expression of miR-138 in resistant cells decreased both messenger RNA and protein levels of interferon-stimulated gene 15, and when exposed to TRAIL, activated poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, indicating sensitization to TRAIL. The results suggested that miR-138 regulates the interferon-stimulated gene 15 expression by directly targeting the 3' untranslated region of interferon-stimulated gene 15 and modulates the sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. MiR-138 may be a target for therapeutic intervention in TRAIL-based drug treatments of resistant hepatocellular carcinoma or could be a biomarker to select patients who may benefit from the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Zuo
- 1 Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Institute, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Sheng
- 2 Graduate School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- 1 Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Institute, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Ma
- 1 Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Institute, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhan Xiong
- 3 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Deng
- 1 Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Institute, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Li
- 1 Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Institute, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Darong Yang
- 4 Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- 4 Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- 1 Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Institute, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hu Quan
- 1 Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Institute, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Man Xia
- 5 Department of Gynecological Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Kalogera E, Roy D, Khurana A, Mondal S, Weaver AL, He X, Dowdy SC, Shridhar V. Quinacrine in endometrial cancer: Repurposing an old antimalarial drug. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 146:187-195. [PMID: 28545688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Generate preclinical data on the effect of quinacrine (QC) in inhibiting tumorigenesis in endometrial cancer (EC) in vitro and explore its role as an adjunct to standard chemotherapy in an EC mouse model. METHODS Five different EC cell lines (Ishikawa, Hec-1B, KLE, ARK-2, and SPEC-2) representing different histologies, grades of EC, sensitivity to cisplatin and p53 status were used for the in vitro studies. MTT and colony formation assays were used to examine QC's ability to inhibit cell viability in vitro. The Chou-Talalay methodology was used to examine synergism between QC and cisplatin, carboplatin or paclitaxel. A cisplatin-resistant EC subcutaneous mouse model (Hec-1B) was used to examine QC's role as maintenance therapy. RESULTS QC exhibited strong synergism in vitro when combined with cisplatin, carboplatin or paclitaxel with the highest level of synergism in the most chemo-resistant cell line. Neither QC monotherapy nor carboplatin/paclitaxel significantly delayed tumor growth in xenografts. Combination treatment (QC plus carboplatin/paclitaxel) significantly augmented the antiproliferative ability of these agents and was associated with a 14-week survival prolongation compared to carboplatin/paclitaxel. Maintenance with QC resulted in further delay in tumor progression and survival prolongation compared to carboplatin/paclitaxel. QC was not associated with weight loss and the yellow skin discoloration noted during treatment was reversible upon discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS QC exhibited significant antitumor activity against EC in vitro and was successful as maintenance therapy in chemo-resistant EC mouse xenografts. This preclinical data suggest that QC may be an important adjunct to standard chemotherapy for patients with chemo-resistant EC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Ashwani Khurana
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Amy L Weaver
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Xiaoping He
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Sean C Dowdy
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.
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23
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Myeloid p53 regulates macrophage polarization and venous thrombus resolution by inflammatory vascular remodeling in mice. Blood 2017; 129:3245-3255. [PMID: 28320710 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-727180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) remains a common and serious cardiovascular problem with both fatal and long-term consequences. The consequences of DVT include the development of postthrombotic syndrome in 25% to 60% of DVT patients. Despite the clinical importance of venous thrombus resolution, the cellular and molecular mediators involved are poorly understood, and currently there is no molecular therapy to accelerate this process. Several lines of evidence suggest that a complex and interrelated array of molecular signaling processes are involved in the inflammatory vascular remodeling associated with the resolution of DVT. Here, we have identified a role for the tumor suppressor gene p53 in regulating venous thrombus resolution. Using the stasis model of venous thrombosis and resolution in mice, we found that genetic deficiency of p53 or pharmacologic inhibition by pifithrin impairs thrombus resolution and is associated with increased fibrosis and altered expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. The effect of p53 loss was mediated by cells of the myeloid lineage, resulting in enhanced polarization of the cytokine milieu toward an M1-like phenotype. Furthermore, augmentation of p53 activity using the pharmacological agonist of p53, quinacrine, accelerates venous thrombus resolution in a p53-dependent manner, even after establishment of thrombosis. Together, these studies define mechanisms by which p53 regulates thrombus resolution by increasing inflammatory vascular remodeling of venous thrombi in vivo, and the potential therapeutic application of a p53 agonist as a treatment to accelerate this process in patients with DVT.
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24
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Prokesch A, Graef FA, Madl T, Kahlhofer J, Heidenreich S, Schumann A, Moyschewitz E, Pristoynik P, Blaschitz A, Knauer M, Muenzner M, Bogner-Strauss JG, Dohr G, Schulz TJ, Schupp M. Liver p53 is stabilized upon starvation and required for amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis. FASEB J 2017; 31:732-742. [PMID: 27811061 PMCID: PMC5240663 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600845r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to adapt cellular metabolism to nutrient availability is critical for survival. The liver plays a central role in the adaptation to starvation by switching from glucose-consuming processes and lipid synthesis to providing energy substrates like glucose to the organism. Here we report a previously unrecognized role of the tumor suppressor p53 in the physiologic adaptation to food withdrawal. We found that starvation robustly increases p53 protein in mouse liver. This induction was posttranscriptional and mediated by a hepatocyte-autonomous and AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. p53 stabilization was required for the adaptive expression of genes involved in amino acid catabolism. Indeed, acute deletion of p53 in livers of adult mice impaired hepatic glycogen storage and induced steatosis. Upon food withdrawal, p53-deleted mice became hypoglycemic and showed defects in the starvation-associated utilization of hepatic amino acids. In summary, we provide novel evidence for a p53-dependent integration of acute changes of cellular energy status and the metabolic adaptation to starvation. Because of its tumor suppressor function, p53 stabilization by starvation could have implications for both metabolic and oncological diseases of the liver.-Prokesch, A., Graef, F. A., Madl, T., Kahlhofer, J., Heidenreich, S., Schumann, A., Moyschewitz, E., Pristoynik, P., Blaschitz, A., Knauer, M., Muenzner, M., Bogner-Strauss, J. G., Dohr, G., Schulz, T. J., Schupp, M. Liver p53 is stabilized upon starvation and required for amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Prokesch
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria;
| | - Franziska A Graef
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jennifer Kahlhofer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Steffi Heidenreich
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Schumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Moyschewitz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Pristoynik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Blaschitz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Knauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Muenzner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gottfried Dohr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; and
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany;
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Yang L, Wang Y, Zheng H, Zhang D, Wu X, Sun G, Yang T. Low-dose 5-fluorouracil sensitizes HepG2 cells to TRAIL through TRAIL receptor DR5 and survivin-dependent mechanisms. J Chemother 2017; 29:179-188. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2016.1277048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gongqin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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26
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Chen X, Zhang L, Ding S, Lei Q, Fang W. Cisplatin combination drugs induce autophagy in HeLa cells and interact with HSA via electrostatic binding affinity. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin combination drugs induce autophagy in HeLa cells and interact with HSAviaelectrostatic binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Shiping Ding
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Qunfang Lei
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Wenjun Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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27
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Khurana A, Roy D, Kalogera E, Mondal S, Wen X, He X, Dowdy S, Shridhar V. Quinacrine promotes autophagic cell death and chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer and attenuates tumor growth. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36354-69. [PMID: 26497553 PMCID: PMC4742182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising new strategy for cancer therapy is to target the autophagic pathway. In the current study, we demonstrate that the antimalarial drug Quinacrine (QC) reduces cell viability and promotes chemotherapy-induced cell death in an autophagy-dependent manner more extensively in chemoresistant cells compared to their isogenic chemosensitive control cells as quantified by the Chou-Talalay methodology. Our preliminary data, in vitro and in vivo, indicate that QC induces autophagy by downregulating p62/SQSTM1 to sensitize chemoresistant cells to autophagic- and caspase-mediated cell death in a p53-independent manner. QC promotes autophagosome accumulation and enhances autophagic flux by clearance of p62 in chemoresistant ovarain cancer (OvCa) cell lines to a greater extent compared to their chemosensitive controls. Notably, p62 levels were elevated in chemoresistant OvCa cell lines and knockdown of p62 in these cells resulted in a greater response to QC treatment. Bafilomycin A, an autophagy inhibitor, restored p62 levels and reversed QC-mediated cell death and thus chemosensitization. Importantly, our in vivo data shows that QC alone and in combination with carboplatin suppresses tumor growth and ascites in the highly chemoresistant HeyA8MDR OvCa model compared to carboplatin treatment alone. Collectively, our preclinical data suggest that QC in combination with carboplatin can be an effective treatment for patients with chemoresistant OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Khurana
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eleftheria Kalogera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaoping He
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sean Dowdy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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28
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Amsacrine-induced apoptosis of human leukemia U937 cells is mediated by the inhibition of AKT- and ERK-induced stabilization of MCL1. Apoptosis 2016; 22:406-420. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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29
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Abdulghani J, Gokare P, Gallant JN, Dicker D, Whitcomb T, Cooper T, Liao J, Derr J, Liu J, Goldenberg D, Finnberg NK, El-Deiry WS. Sorafenib and Quinacrine Target Anti-Apoptotic Protein MCL1: A Poor Prognostic Marker in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC). Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:6192-6203. [PMID: 27307592 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) comprises approximately 2% of all thyroid cancers, and its median survival rate remains poor. It is responsible for more than one third of thyroid cancer-related deaths. ATC is frequently resistant to conventional therapy, and NFκB signaling has been proposed to be a feature of the disease. We aimed to assess the activity of the antimalaria drug quinacrine known to target NFκB signaling in combination with the clinically relevant kinase inhibitor sorafenib in ATC cells. The presence of NFκB-p65/RELA and its target MCL1 was demonstrated in ATC by meta-data gene set enrichment analysis and IHC. We assessed the responses of a panel of human ATC cell lines to quinacrine and sorafenib in vitro and in vivo RESULTS: We detected increased expression of NFκB-p65/RELA and MCL1 in the nucleus of a subset of ATC compared with non-neoplastic thyroid. ATC cells were found to respond with additive/synergistic tumor cell killing to the combination of sorafenib plus quinacrine in vitro, and the drug combination improves survival of immunodeficient mice injected orthotopically with ATC cells as compared with mice administered either compound alone or doxorubicin. We also demonstrate that the combination of sorafenib and quinacrine is well tolerated in mice. At the molecular level, quinacrine and sorafenib inhibited expression of prosurvival MCL1, pSTAT3, and dampened NFκB signaling. CONCLUSIONS The combination of quinacrine and sorafenib targets emerging molecular hallmarks of ATC and shows promising results in clinically relevant models for the disease. Further testing of sorafenib plus quinacrine can be conducted in ATC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6192-203. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Abdulghani
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prashanth Gokare
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean-Nicolas Gallant
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David Dicker
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffany Whitcomb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiangang Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Derr
- Department of Surgery; Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - David Goldenberg
- Department of Surgery; Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Niklas K Finnberg
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. .,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. .,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has tremendous promise in treating various forms of cancers. However, many cancer cells exhibit or develop resistance to TRAIL. Interestingly, many studies have identified several secondary agents that can overcome TRAIL resistance. To expand on these studies, we conducted an extensive drug-re-profiling screen to identify FDA-approved compounds that can be used clinically as TRAIL-sensitizing agents in a very malignant type of brain cancer, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Using selected isogenic GBM cell pairs with differential levels of TRAIL sensitivity, we revealed 26 TRAIL-sensitizing compounds, 13 of which were effective as single agents. Cardiac glycosides constituted a large group of TRAIL-sensitizing compounds, and they were also effective on GBM cells as single agents. We then explored a second class of TRAIL-sensitizing drugs, which were enhancers of TRAIL response without any effect on their own. One such drug, Mitoxantrone, a DNA-damaging agent, did not cause toxicity to non-malignant cells at the doses that synergized with TRAIL on tumor cells. We investigated the downstream changes in apoptosis pathway components upon Mitoxantrone treatment, and observed that Death Receptors (DR4 and DR5) expression was upregulated, and pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression patterns were altered in favor of apoptosis. Together, our results suggest that combination of Mitoxantrone and TRAIL can be a promising therapeutic approach for GBM patients.
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31
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Kundu CN, Das S, Nayak A, Satapathy SR, Das D, Siddharth S. Anti-malarials are anti-cancers and vice versa - one arrow two sparrows. Acta Trop 2015; 149:113-27. [PMID: 25963804 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Repurposing is the novel means of drug discovery in modern science due to its affordability, safety and availability. Here, we systematically discussed the efficacy and mode of action of multiple bioactive, synthetic compounds and their potential derivatives which are used to treat/prevent malaria and cancer. We have also discussed the detailed molecular pathway involved in anti-cancer potentiality of an anti-malarial drug and vice versa. Although the causative agents, pathophysiology and manifestation of both the diseases are different but special emphasis has been given on similar pathways governing disease manifestation and the drugs which act through deregulating those pathways. Finally, a future direction has been speculated to combat these two diseases by a single agent developed using nanotechnology. Extended combination and new formulation of existing drugs for one disease may lead to the discovery of drug for other diseases like an arrow for two sparrows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanakya Nath Kundu
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Biology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
| | - Sarita Das
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Biology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Anmada Nayak
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Biology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Shakti Ranjan Satapathy
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Biology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Dipon Das
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Biology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Cancer Biology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
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32
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Changchien JJ, Chen YJ, Huang CH, Cheng TL, Lin SR, Chang LS. Quinacrine induces apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells via p38 MAPK-elicited BCL2 down-regulation and suppression of ERK/c-Jun-mediated BCL2L1 expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Allen JE, Prabhu VV, Talekar M, van den Heuvel APJ, Lim B, Dicker DT, Fritz JL, Beck A, El-Deiry WS. Genetic and Pharmacological Screens Converge in Identifying FLIP, BCL2, and IAP Proteins as Key Regulators of Sensitivity to the TRAIL-Inducing Anticancer Agent ONC201/TIC10. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1668-74. [PMID: 25681273 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ONC201/TIC10 is a small-molecule inducer of the TRAIL gene under current investigation as a novel anticancer agent. In this study, we identify critical molecular determinants of ONC201 sensitivity offering potential utility as pharmacodynamic or predictive response markers. By screening a library of kinase siRNAs in combination with a subcytotoxic dose of ONC201, we identified several kinases that ablated tumor cell sensitivity, including the MAPK pathway-inducer KSR1. Unexpectedly, KSR1 silencing did not affect MAPK signaling in the presence or absence of ONC201, but instead reduced expression of the antiapoptotic proteins FLIP, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, cIAP1, cIAP2, and survivin. In parallel to this work, we also conducted a synergy screen in which ONC201 was combined with approved small-molecule anticancer drugs. In multiple cancer cell populations, ONC201 synergized with diverse drug classes, including the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib. Notably, combining ONC201 and sorafenib led to synergistic induction of TRAIL and its receptor DR5 along with a potent induction of cell death. In a mouse xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma, we demonstrated that ONC201 and sorafenib cooperatively and safely triggered tumor regressions. Overall, our results established a set of determinants for ONC201 sensitivity that may predict therapeutic response, particularly in settings of sorafenib cotreatment to enhance anticancer responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Allen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Varun V Prabhu
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mala Talekar
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - A Pieter J van den Heuvel
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Bora Lim
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David T Dicker
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer L Fritz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Beck
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Liu N, Zuo C, Wang X, Chen T, Yang D, Wang J, Zhu H. miR-942 decreases TRAIL-induced apoptosis through ISG12a downregulation and is regulated by AKT. Oncotarget 2014; 5:4959-71. [PMID: 24970806 PMCID: PMC4148114 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an attractive death ligand in targeted cancer therapy. Many cancer cells are refractory to TRAIL-induced cell death and the mechanisms underlying resistance are unclear. The molecular mechanisms of HCC and gastric cancer cells resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis were explored using molecular biological and immunological methods. In vivo experiments were conducted to study the effect of interferon stimulated gene 12a (ISG12a) on human liver cancer xenografts in mice. ISG12a decreases in TRAIL-resistant cancer cells. ISG12a regulates the sensitivity of cancer cells to TRAIL in vitro and in vivo. MicroRNA-942 (miR-942) is inversely correlated with ISG12a expression in cancer cells and tissues. Forced expression of miR-942 in TRAIL-sensitive cells significantly reduces endogenous ISG12a level and changes the TRAIL sensitive phenotype to a resistant one. Knockdown of miR-942 expression in TRAIL-resistant cells restores the expression of ISG12a and sensitizes the cells to TRAIL treatment. AKT control TRAIL resistance of cancer cells through downregulation of ISG12a by miR-942. Downregulation of ISG12a by miR-942 is needed to maintain the TRAIL-resistant phenotype of cancer cells and favors cancer cell survival. MiR-942 may offer a novel drug response marker with important implications in designing new therapeutics for TRAIL resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianli Liu
- Research Center of Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Translational Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital (Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University), Changsha, China
- Department of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaohui Zuo
- Research Center of Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Translational Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital (Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University), Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianran Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Darong Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center of Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Translational Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital (Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University), Changsha, China
| | - Haizhen Zhu
- Research Center of Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Translational Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital (Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University), Changsha, China
- Department of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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Ju W, Zhang M, Petrus M, Maeda M, Pise-Masison CA, Waldmann TA. Combination of 9-aminoacridine with Campath-1H provides effective therapy for a murine model of adult T-cell leukemia. Retrovirology 2014; 11:43. [PMID: 24890041 PMCID: PMC4060757 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-11-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy of CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. While much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of cellular dysregulation, the prognosis for aggressive ATL still remains poor. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches need to be developed. RESULTS Previously, we demonstrated that the viral protein Tax inactivates p53 in HTLV-1-infected T-cells. Here we show that 9-aminoacridine (9AA) through p53 reactivation and NF-κB inhibition has selective toxicity for infected leukemic cells independent of their p53 status. We further demonstrate that 9AA activates caspase-3/7 resulting in PARP cleavage. Next we investigated the efficacy of 9AA in the MET-1 ATL model. Alone, 9AA did not cause significant drops in surrogate tumor markers, soluble IL-2Rα or β2-micorglobulin (β2μ) levels with only a slight increase in survival of MET-1-bearing mice. However, in combination with Campath-1H, 9AA treatment resulted in low soluble IL-2Rα and β2μ levels at 2 and 4 weeks. Consistent with reduced tumor cell burden, combination treatment significantly increased survival of MET-1-bearing mice compared to mice treated with either drug alone. Splenic cells isolated from 9AA or combination treated mice showed increased p53 protein levels and transcriptional activity. Consistent with increased tumor suppressor activity, we found increased PARP-1 cleavage in 9AA and combination treated cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that targeting reactivation of p53 and inhibition of NF-κB with acridine-derivatives in combination with other chemotherapeutics could result in increased efficacy and selective killing of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cynthia A Pise-Masison
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 4 N115, Bethesda, MD 20892-1374, USA.
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Shaaban S, Negm A, Ibrahim EE, Elrazak AA. Chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: efficacy and mode of action. Oncol Rev 2014; 8:246. [PMID: 25992234 PMCID: PMC4419609 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2014.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a dreaded malignancy that every year causes half a million deaths worldwide. Being an aggressive cancer, its incidence exceeds 700,000 new cases per year worldwide with a median survival of 6-8 months. Despite advances in prognosis and early detection, effective HCC chemoprevention or treatment strategies are still lacking, therefore its dismal survival rate remains largely unchanged. This review will characterize currently available chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of HCC. The respective mode(s) of action, side effects and recommendations will be also described for each drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Mansoura University , Egypt
| | - Amr Negm
- Department of Biochemistry, Mansoura University , Egypt
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Hossain MZ, Healey MA, Lee C, Poh W, Yerram SR, Patel K, Azad NS, Herman JG, Kern SE. DNA-intercalators causing rapid re-expression of methylated and silenced genes in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2014; 4:298-309. [PMID: 23593653 PMCID: PMC3712575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic inactivation of tumor-suppressor and other regulatory genes plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. Transcriptional silencing is often maintained by DNA methyl transferase (DNMT)-mediated hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoter DNA. Nucleoside analogs including azacytidine and decitabine have been used to inhibit DNMT and re-activate genes, and are clinically used. Their shortcomings include a short half-life and a slow onset of action due to required nucleotide incorporation during DNA replication, which may limit clinical utility. It might be useful to begin to identify lead compounds having novel properties, specifically distinct and fast-acting gene desilencing. We previously identified chemicals augmenting gene expression in multiple reporter systems. We now report that a subset of these compounds that includes quinacrine re-expresses epigenetically silenced genes implicated in carcinogenesis. p16, TFPI2, the cadherins E-cadherin and CDH13, and the secreted frizzle-related proteins (SFRPs) SFRP1 and SFRP5 were desilenced in cancer cell lines. These lead compounds were fast-acting: re-expression occurred by 12-24 hours. Reactivation of silenced genes was accompanied by depletion of DNMT1 at the promoters of activated genes and demethylation of DNA. A model compound, 5175328, induced changes more rapidly than decitabine. These gene desilencing agents belonged to a class of acridine compounds, intercalated into DNA, and inhibited DNMT1 activity in vitro. Although to define the mechanism would be outside the scope of this initial report, this class may re-activate silenced genes in part by intercalating into DNA and subsequently inhibiting full DNMT1 activity. Rapid mechanisms for chemical desilencing of methylated genes therefore exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zulfiquer Hossain
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Das D, Preet R, Mohapatra P, Satapathy SR, Kundu CN. 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea enhances the inhibitory effect of Resveratrol on 5-fluorouracil sensitive/resistant colon cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:7374-7388. [PMID: 24259968 PMCID: PMC3831219 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the mechanism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in colon cancer cells and to develop strategies for overcoming such resistance by combination treatment.
METHODS: We established and characterized a 5-FU resistance (5-FU-R) cell line derived from continuous exposure (25 μmol/L) to 5-FU for 20 wk in 5-FU sensitive HCT-116 cells. The proliferation and expression of different representative apoptosis and anti-apoptosis markers in 5-FU sensitive and 5-FU resistance cells were measured by the MTT assay and by Western blotting, respectively, after treatment with Resveratrol (Res) and/or 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest was measured by 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, respectively. The extent of DNA damage was measured by the Comet assay. We measured the visible changes in the DNA damage/repair cascade by Western blotting.
RESULTS: The widely used chemotherapeutic agents BCNU and Res decreased the growth of 5-FU sensitive HCT-116 cells in a dose dependent manner. Combined application of BCNU and Res caused more apoptosis in 5-FU sensitive cells in comparison to individual treatment. In addition, the combined application of BCNU and Res caused a significant decrease of major DNA base excision repair components in 5-FU sensitive cells. We established a 5-FU resistance cell line (5-FU-R) from 5-FU-sensitive HCT-116 (mismatch repair deficient) cells that was not resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., BCNU, Res) except 5-FU. The 5-FU resistance of 5-FU-R cells was assessed by exposure to increasing concentrations of 5-FU followed by the MTT assay. There was no significant cell death noted in 5-FU-R cells in comparison to 5-FU sensitive cells after 5-FU treatment. This resistant cell line overexpressed anti-apoptotic [e.g., AKT, nuclear factor κB, FLICE-like inhibitory protein), DNA repair (e.g., DNA polymerase beta (POL-β), DNA polymerase eta (POLH), protein Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), DNA damage-binding protein 2 (DDB2)] and 5-FU-resistance proteins (thymidylate synthase) but under expressed pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g., DAB2, CK1) in comparison to the parental cells. Increased genotoxicity and apoptosis were observed in resistant cells after combined application of BCNU and Res in comparison to untreated or parental cells. BCNU increased the sensitivity to Res of 5-FU resistant cells compared with parental cells. Fifty percent cell death were noted in parental cells when 18 μmol/L of Res was associated with fixed concentration (20 μmol/L) of BCNU, but a much lower concentration of Res (8 μmol/L) was needed to achieve the same effect in 5-FU resistant cells. Interestingly, increased levels of adenomatous polyposis coli and decreased levels POL-β, POLH, FEN1 and DDB2 were noted after the same combined treatment in resistant cells.
CONCLUSION: BCNU combined with Res exerts a synergistic effect that may prove useful for the treatment of colon cancer and to overcome drug resistance.
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Amiri F, Zarnani AH, Zand H, Koohdani F, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Vafa M. Synergistic anti-proliferative effect of resveratrol and etoposide on human hepatocellular and colon cancer cell lines. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:34-40. [PMID: 24055188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is an active component of grape, which has been shown to inhibit proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells. The ability of resveratrol to enhance anti-proliferative effects of etoposide in wild type p53 liver carcinoma (HepG2) and colon cancer (HCT-116) cells was investigated with focusing on p53 activation. HepG2 cells and HCT-116 cells were treated with resveratrol and/or etoposide in a time- and dose-dependent manner and their proliferative response was evaluated by XTT assay. The expression of p53 protein was assessed using Western blot. Resveratrol exerted anti-proliferative activity on both cell types in a dose (25-100 μM)- and time (24-72 h)-dependent manner. Interestingly in HepG2 cells, resveratrol exhibited the same levels of cytotoxicity as etoposide (10 μM) when the cells treated with ≥ 25 μM for 48-72 h. In contrast to HepG2, resveratrol significantly enhanced anti-proliferative effects of etoposide in HCT-116 cells. P53 expression was up-regulated by resveratrol and etoposide and pre-incubation of both cells with resveratrol increased levels of etoposide-induced p53 expression. In line with cytotoxicity effect, combination therapy showed stronger activation of p53 in HCT-116 compared to HepG2. It seems that resveratrol exerts differential synergistic effect with etoposide on proliferation of cancer cells from different origin which is mainly accompanied by p53 activation. Our data represent a future strategy to provide much safer and more effective treatment for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemehsadat Amiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saikosaponin-d Enhances the Anticancer Potency of TNF-α via Overcoming Its Undesirable Response of Activating NF-Kappa B Signalling in Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:745295. [PMID: 23573150 PMCID: PMC3610377 DOI: 10.1155/2013/745295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was reported as anticancer therapy due to its cytotoxic effect against an array of tumor cells. However, its undesirable responses of TNF-α on activating NF-κB signaling and pro-metastatic property limit its clinical application in treating cancers. Therefore, sensitizing agents capable of overcoming this undesirable effect must be valuable for facilitating the usage of TNF-α-mediated apoptosis therapy for cancer patients. Previously, saikosaponin-d (Ssd), a triterpene saponin derived from the medicinal plant, Bupleurum falcatum L. (Umbelliferae), showed to exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities such as antiinflammation, antibacteria, antivirus and anticancer. Recently, we found that Ssd could inhibit the activated T lymphocytes via suppression of NF-κB, NF-AT and AP-1 signaling. Here, we showed that Ssd significantly potentiated TNF-α-mediated cell death in HeLa and HepG2 cancer cells via suppression of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and its target genes expression involving cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and survival. Also, Ssd revealed a significant potency of abolishing TNF-α-induced cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis in HUVECs while inducing apoptosis via enhancing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in HeLa cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that Ssd has a significant potential to be developed as a combined adjuvant remedy with TNF-α for cancer patients.
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Ferreira RA, de Oliveira AB, Gualberto SA, Miguel Del Corral JM, Fujiwara RT, Gazzinelli Guimarães PH, de Almeida Vitor RW. New naphthoquinones and an alkaloid with in vitro activity against Toxoplasma gondii RH and EGS strains. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132:450-7. [PMID: 23000485 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of three amino-terpenyl naphthoquinones and the alkaloid liriodenine were examined against tachyzoites and tissues cysts of the RH and EGS strains, respectively. Monolayers of 2C4 fibroblasts infected with tachyzoites of the RH strain were incubated with different concentrations of the compounds for 48 h. Specifically, 7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-pyrrolidine-[1,4]-naphthoquinone (QUI-5), 6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-pyrrolidine-[1,4]-naphthoquinone (QUI-6), 6-(4-methylpentyl)-2-pyrrolidine-[1,4]-naphthoquinone (QUI-11), and 8 h-benzo[g]-1,3-benzodioxolo[6,5,4-de]quinolin-8-one,9Cl-1,2-methylene dioxiaporfina (liriodenine) inhibited intracellular replication of T. gondii. The IC(50) values obtained for compounds QUI-5 and QUI-6 were 69.35 and 172.81 μM (i.e., 21.4 and 53.4 μg/mL), respectively. The naphthoquinone QUI-11 and liriodenine significantly inhibited intracellular replication of T. gondii. The IC(50) values obtained with these experiments were 0.32 and 0.07 μM (i.e., 0.1 and 0.02 μg/mL), respectively. Compounds QUI-5, QUI-6, QUI-11 and liriodenine demonstrated lower toxicity for 2C4 fibroblasts compared to atovaquone. In addition, cysts isolated from the brains of mice chronically infected with the EGS strain were exposed to the compounds. Infectivity of the cysts after incubation with the compounds was assessed by infection of mice. The data obtained showed that in vitro incubation with QUI-6, QUI-11 and liriodenine inhibited the infectivity of the bradyzoites. This activity was time- and concentration-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronize Andréia Ferreira
- Laboratório de Microscopia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Faculdade de Estudos Administrativos, FEAD, Brazil
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Allen JE, Ferrini R, Dicker DT, Batzer G, Chen E, Oltean DI, Lin B, Renshaw MW, Kretz-Rommel A, El-Deiry WS. Targeting TRAIL Death Receptor 4 with Trivalent DR4 Atrimer Complexes. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2087-95. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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A New Player in the Development of TRAIL Based Therapies for Hepatocarcinoma Treatment: ATM Kinase. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:354-78. [PMID: 24213315 PMCID: PMC3712690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. HCCs are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous tumors characterized by very poor prognosis, mainly due to the lack, at present, of effective therapeutic options, as these tumors are rarely suitable for radiotherapy and often resistant to chemotherapy protocols. In the last years, agonists targeting the Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) death receptor, has been investigated as a valuable promise for cancer therapy, based on their selectivity for malignant cells and low toxicity for healthy cells. However, many cancer models display resistance to death receptor induced apoptosis, pointing to the requirement for the development of combined therapeutic approaches aimed to selectively sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL. Recently, we identified ATM kinase as a novel modulator of the ability of chemotherapeutic agents to enhance TRAIL sensitivity. Here, we review the biological determinants of HCC responsiveness to TRAIL and provide an exhaustive and updated analysis of the molecular mechanisms exploited for combined therapy in this context. The role of ATM kinase as potential novel predictive biomarker for combined therapeutic approaches based on TRAIL and chemotherapeutic drugs will be closely discussed.
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Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potential of Guggulsterone. NATURAL PRODUCTS IN CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY 2012; 329:35-60. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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