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Yu HB, Yang H, Allaire JM, Ma C, Graef FA, Mortha A, Liang Q, Bosman ES, Reid GS, Waschek JA, Osborne LC, Sokol H, Vallance BA, Jacobson K. Vasoactive intestinal peptide promotes host defense against enteric pathogens by modulating the recruitment of group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106634118. [PMID: 34625492 PMCID: PMC8521691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106634118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) control the formation of intestinal lymphoid tissues and play key roles in intestinal defense. They express neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor 2 (VPAC2), through which VIP modulates their function, but whether VIP exerts other effects on ILC3 remains unclear. We show that VIP promotes ILC3 recruitment to the intestine through VPAC1 independent of the microbiota or adaptive immunity. VIP is also required for postnatal formation of lymphoid tissues as well as the maintenance of local populations of retinoic acid (RA)-producing dendritic cells, with RA up-regulating gut-homing receptor CCR9 expression by ILC3s. Correspondingly, mice deficient in VIP or VPAC1 suffer a paucity of intestinal ILC3s along with impaired production of the cytokine IL-22, rendering them highly susceptible to the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium This heightened susceptibility to C. rodentium infection was ameliorated by RA supplementation, adoptive transfer of ILC3s, or by recombinant IL-22. Thus, VIP regulates the recruitment of intestinal ILC3s and formation of postnatal intestinal lymphoid tissues, offering protection against enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bing Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada;
| | - Hyungjun Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Joannie M Allaire
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Caixia Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Franziska A Graef
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Qiaochu Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Else S Bosman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Gregor S Reid
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - James A Waschek
- The Semel Institute and Department of Psychiatry, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, F-75012, France
- Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Micalis Institute and AgroParisTech, Jouy en Josas, F-78350, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédérations Hospitalo-universitaires, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada;
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada;
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2
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Graef FA, Celiberto LS, Allaire JM, Kuan MTY, Bosman ES, Crowley SM, Yang H, Chan JH, Stahl M, Yu H, Quin C, Gibson DL, Verdu EF, Jacobson K, Vallance BA. Fasting increases microbiome-based colonization resistance and reduces host inflammatory responses during an enteric bacterial infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009719. [PMID: 34352037 PMCID: PMC8341583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing food intake is a common host response to infection, yet it remains unclear whether fasting is detrimental or beneficial to an infected host. Despite the gastrointestinal tract being the primary site of nutrient uptake and a common route for infection, studies have yet to examine how fasting alters the host's response to an enteric infection. To test this, mice were fasted before and during oral infection with the invasive bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Fasting dramatically interrupted infection and subsequent gastroenteritis by suppressing Salmonella's SPI-1 virulence program, preventing invasion of the gut epithelium. Virulence suppression depended on the gut microbiota, as Salmonella's invasion of the epithelium proceeded in fasting gnotobiotic mice. Despite Salmonella's restored virulence within the intestines of gnotobiotic mice, fasting downregulated pro-inflammatory signaling, greatly reducing intestinal pathology. Our study highlights how food intake controls the complex relationship between host, pathogen and gut microbiota during an enteric infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A. Graef
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Larissa S. Celiberto
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joannie M. Allaire
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mimi T. Y. Kuan
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Else S. Bosman
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shauna M. Crowley
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hyungjun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Justin H. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Stahl
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongbing Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Candice Quin
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elena F. Verdu
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Crowley SM, Allaire JM, Han X, Graef FA, Stahl M, Knodler L, Vallance B. A46 THE INFLAMMATORY CASPASES COORDINATE MUCOSAL RESTRICTION OF SALMONELLA THROUGH THE EPITHELIAL-INTRINSIC INFLAMMASOME AND IL-22 DRIVEN MUCIN SECRETION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are located at the interface between the gut lumen and the underlying mucosal defense system. Here, they play a central role in the coordination of intestinal homeostasis, tempering pro-inflammatory responses but remaining rapidly responsive to noxious stimuli such as enteric pathogens. One early response mechanism by which IECs engage in immune defense is through the activation of the inflammasome which mobilizes the inflammatory caspases; caspase-1 and -11.
Aims
Here, we investigated the role of the inflammasome in overall mucosal defense against the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Methods
Streptomycin-pretreated C57BL/6 (wildtype), Casp1/11 deficient (−/−), Casp1−/− and Casp11−/− mice were orally infected with Salmonella and burdens determined in intestinal tissues at 18h post infection (p.i.).
Results
Increased pathogen loads were observed for all caspase-deficient mice compared to wildtype, which correlated with increased IEC intracellular Salmonella burdens. Interestingly, despite increased bacterial loads, pathology scores for all inflammatory caspase mice were decreased, especially with regard to ‘IEC damage’ and ‘goblet cell loss’.
To determine if the increased burdens were due to the loss of IEC-intrinsic inflammasomes, enteroid monolayers were derived and infected with Salmonella. This revealed significantly increased intracellular burdens in caspase-deficient monolayers as compared to wildtype, in concert with a marked decrease in IEC shedding and cell death. Peak inflammatory caspase activity was displayed in shedding wildtype IECs, suggesting the IEC-intrinsic inflammasome restricts Salmonella infection through infected IEC expulsion.
The role of inflammasome signaling in acute mucosal defense was also examined. Wildtype tissue demonstrated a dramatic increase in mucus thickness (as evaluated by Muc2 immunostaining) and antimicrobial Reg3γ and β lectin transcript levels compared to caspase-deficient mice. Mucin release and Reg3 induction has been previously linked to IL-22, therefore we measured IL-22 expression and observed increased secretion in infected wildtype mice compared to Casp1/11−/−. This correlated with increased cecal infiltration of IL-22 producing ILC3 and NK T-cells. When infected mice were treated with IL-22 neutralizing antibody, this increased Salmonella burdens and decreased infection-induced mucus secretion, while no differences were observed in Casp1/11−/− treated with neutralizing antibody or isotype control.
Conclusions
Therefore the intestinal epithelium utilizes inflammasome signaling to coordinate multiple layers of innate defense at the gut mucosal surface to ultimately restrict enteric pathogen infections and their systemic spread.
Funding Agencies
CCC, CIHR, NRCUBC
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - X Han
- BCCHR, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - M Stahl
- BCCHR, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L Knodler
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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4
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Crowley SM, Allaire JM, Han X, Graef FA, Stahl M, Knodler L, Rauch I, Vallance B. A11 THE INFLAMMATORY CASPASES COORDINATE MUCOSAL RESTRICTION OF SALMONELLA THROUGH THE EPITHELIAL-INTRINSIC INFLAMMASOME. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S M Crowley
- Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J M Allaire
- Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - X Han
- Pediatrics, BCCHR, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - F A Graef
- Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Stahl
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L Knodler
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - I Rauch
- University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - B Vallance
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Yu H, Yang H, Ma C, Liang Q, Bosman ES, Graef FA, Reid GS, Waschek JA, Osborne L, Vallance B, Jacobson K. A17 THE NEUROPEPTIDE VIP REGULATES INTESTINAL IMMUNITY THROUGH MODULATING THE ACTIVATION AND RECRUITMENT OF GROUP 3 INNATE LYMPHOID CELLS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Yu
- Paediatrics, Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Yang
- Paediatrics, Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Ma
- Paediatrics, Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Q Liang
- Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E S Bosman
- Experimental medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F A Graef
- Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G S Reid
- Paediatrics, Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J A Waschek
- The Semel Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - L Osborne
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Vallance
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Jacobson
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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6
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Celiberto LS, Graef FA, Healey GR, Bosman ES, Jacobson K, Sly LM, Vallance BA. Inflammatory bowel disease and immunonutrition: novel therapeutic approaches through modulation of diet and the gut microbiome. Immunology 2018; 155:36-52. [PMID: 29693729 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, thought to at least in part reflect an aberrant immune response to gut bacteria. IBD is increasing in incidence, particularly in populations that have recently immigrated to western countries. This suggests that environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis. We hypothesize that the increase in IBD rates might reflect the consumption of an unhealthy Western diet, containing excess calories and lacking in key nutritional factors, such as fibre and vitamin D. Several recent studies have determined that dietary factors can dramatically influence the activation of immune cells and the mediators they release through a process called immunonutrition. Moreover, dietary changes can profoundly affect the balance of beneficial versus pathogenic bacteria in the gut. This microbial imbalance can alter levels of microbiota-derived metabolites that in turn can influence innate and adaptive intestinal immune responses. If the diet-gut microbiome disease axis does indeed underpin much of the 'western' influence on the onset and progression of IBD, then tremendous opportunity exists for therapeutic changes in lifestyle, to modulate the gut microbiome and to correct immune imbalances in individuals with IBD. This review highlights four such therapeutic strategies - probiotics, prebiotics, vitamin D and caloric restriction - that have the potential to improve and add to current IBD treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa S Celiberto
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Franziska A Graef
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Genelle R Healey
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Else S Bosman
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Graef FA, Lau J, Bosman ES, Kuan M, Yang H, Celiberto LS, Berkmann JC, Stahl M, Crowley SM, Yu H, Surette M, Verdu E, Jacobson K, Vallance B. A8 PROLONGED FASTING ALTERS THE GUT MICROBIOME AND PROTECTS AGAINST SALMONELLA
-INDUCED GUT INFLAMMATION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F A Graef
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Lau
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E S Bosman
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Kuan
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Yang
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L S Celiberto
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J C Berkmann
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Stahl
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S M Crowley
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Yu
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Surette
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - K Jacobson
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Vallance
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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YU H, Wu X, Yang H, Celiberto LS, Graef FA, Bosman ES, Ma C, Huang T, Reid G, Vallance B, Jacobson K. A98 VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE PROMOTES TH17 IMMUNE RESPONSES THEREBY PROTECTING AGAINST CITROBACTER RODENTIUM INDUCED COLITIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H YU
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - X Wu
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Yang
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L S Celiberto
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F A Graef
- Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E S Bosman
- Experimental medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Ma
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T Huang
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G Reid
- Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Vallance
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Jacobson
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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9
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Crowley SM, Graef FA, Allaire JM, Knodler LA, Vallance B. A14 INFLAMMASOME ACTIVATION COORDINATES INTESTINAL MUCOSAL DEFENSE AGAINST THE ENTERIC BACTERIAL PATHOGEN SALMONELLA ENTERICA
SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S M Crowley
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F A Graef
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J M Allaire
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L A Knodler
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Pullman, WA
| | - B Vallance
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Prokesch A, Graef FA, Madl T, Kahlhofer J, Heidenreich S, Schumann A, Moyschewitz E, Pristoynik P, Blaschitz A, Knauer M, Muenzner M, Bogner-Strauss JG, Dohr G, Schulz TJ, Schupp M. Liver p53 is stabilized upon starvation and required for amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis. FASEB J 2017; 31:732-742. [PMID: 27811061 PMCID: PMC5240663 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600845r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to adapt cellular metabolism to nutrient availability is critical for survival. The liver plays a central role in the adaptation to starvation by switching from glucose-consuming processes and lipid synthesis to providing energy substrates like glucose to the organism. Here we report a previously unrecognized role of the tumor suppressor p53 in the physiologic adaptation to food withdrawal. We found that starvation robustly increases p53 protein in mouse liver. This induction was posttranscriptional and mediated by a hepatocyte-autonomous and AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. p53 stabilization was required for the adaptive expression of genes involved in amino acid catabolism. Indeed, acute deletion of p53 in livers of adult mice impaired hepatic glycogen storage and induced steatosis. Upon food withdrawal, p53-deleted mice became hypoglycemic and showed defects in the starvation-associated utilization of hepatic amino acids. In summary, we provide novel evidence for a p53-dependent integration of acute changes of cellular energy status and the metabolic adaptation to starvation. Because of its tumor suppressor function, p53 stabilization by starvation could have implications for both metabolic and oncological diseases of the liver.-Prokesch, A., Graef, F. A., Madl, T., Kahlhofer, J., Heidenreich, S., Schumann, A., Moyschewitz, E., Pristoynik, P., Blaschitz, A., Knauer, M., Muenzner, M., Bogner-Strauss, J. G., Dohr, G., Schulz, T. J., Schupp, M. Liver p53 is stabilized upon starvation and required for amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Prokesch
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria;
| | - Franziska A Graef
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jennifer Kahlhofer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Steffi Heidenreich
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Schumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Moyschewitz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Pristoynik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Blaschitz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Knauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Muenzner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gottfried Dohr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; and
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany;
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11
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Abstract
Relevant animal models for Campylobacter jejuni infection have been difficult to establish due to C. jejuni's inability to cause disease in many common animal research models. Fortunately, recent work has proven successful in developing several new and relevant mouse models of C. jejuni infection, including the SIGIRR-deficient mouse strain that develops acute enterocolitis in response to C. jejuni. Here we describe how to properly infect mice with C. jejuni, as well as a number of accompanying histological techniques to aid in studying C. jejuni colonization and infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stahl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Franziska A Graef
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada.
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12
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Witte N, Muenzner M, Rietscher J, Knauer M, Heidenreich S, Nuotio-Antar AM, Graef FA, Fedders R, Tolkachov A, Goehring I, Schupp M. The Glucose Sensor ChREBP Links De Novo Lipogenesis to PPARγ Activity and Adipocyte Differentiation. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4008-19. [PMID: 26181104 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Reduced de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue, often observed in obese individuals, is thought to contribute to insulin resistance. Besides trapping excess glucose and providing for triglycerides and energy storage, endogenously synthesized lipids can function as potent signaling molecules. Indeed, several specific lipids and their molecular targets that mediate insulin sensitivity have been recently identified. Here, we report that carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP), a transcriptional inducer of glucose use and de novo lipogenesis, controls the activity of the adipogenic master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Expression of constitutive-active ChREBP in precursor cells activated endogenous PPARγ and promoted adipocyte differentiation. Intriguingly, ChREBP-constitutive-active ChREBP expression induced PPARγ activity in a fatty acid synthase-dependent manner and by trans-activating the PPARγ ligand-binding domain. Reducing endogenous ChREBP activity by either small interfering RNA-mediated depletion, exposure to low-glucose concentrations, or expressing a dominant-negative ChREBP impaired differentiation. In adipocytes, ChREBP regulated the expression of PPARγ target genes, in particular those involved in thermogenesis, similar to synthetic PPARγ ligands. In summary, our data suggest that ChREBP controls the generation of endogenous fatty acid species that activate PPARγ. Thus, increasing ChREBP activity in adipose tissue by therapeutic interventions may promote insulin sensitivity through PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Witte
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Matthias Muenzner
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Janita Rietscher
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Miriam Knauer
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Steffi Heidenreich
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Alli M Nuotio-Antar
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Franziska A Graef
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ronja Fedders
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Alexander Tolkachov
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Isabel Goehring
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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