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Pandya C, Sivaramakrishna A. Exploring the binding properties of DNA/BSA and cytotoxicity studies with new terpyridine-ester-based metal complexes (M = Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Ru(III)) - A comparative analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:132792. [PMID: 38834110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Many terpyridines and their metal complexes are known to exhibit remarkable potential for the interaction of biological targets. Notably, a subtle change in the structure of the ligand can influence these interactions significantly. In this regard, it would be very interesting to assess the binding affinity of functionalized molecules with DNA/BSA. In this work, a novel ester-based terpyridine (L) and the corresponding four metal complexes with Ni(II) (MC1), Cu(II) (MC2), Fe(III) (MC3) and Ru(III) (MC4) were prepared and structurally characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques including the validation of molecular structures of ligand (L) and Ni(II)-Tpy complex (MC1). The EPR data demonstrate that MC1 is diamagnetic and other complexes (MC2-MC4) exhibit paramagnetic behavior. Additionally, the structures of ligands and metal complexes were determined using DFT studies and the same were utilized for the docking studies. Interestingly, MC3 and MC4 exhibit a predominant lowest binding energy of -9.62 Kcal/mol (with DNA) and -10.05 Kcal/mol (with BSA) respectively. The binding affinity of the ligand and its complexes with protein and DNA was evaluated by spectroscopic techniques. Notably, the cytotoxicity studies of L and MC1-MC4 were performed against the MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell lines. The complex MC4 displayed great activity with an IC50 of 3.5 ± 1.75 μM among all synthesized compounds and comparable with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayan Pandya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akella Sivaramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Wang Y, Wang R, Zhao Y, Cao S, Li C, Wu Y, Ma L, Liu Y, Yao Y, Jiao Y, Chen Y, Liu S, Zhang K, Wei M, Yang C, Yang G. Discovery of Selective and Potent ATR Degrader for Exploration its Kinase-Independent Functions in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318568. [PMID: 38433368 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
ATR has emerged as a promising target for anti-cancer drug development. Several potent ATR inhibitors are currently undergoing various stages of clinical trials, but none have yet received FDA approval due to unclear regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we discovered a potent and selective ATR degrader. Its kinase-independent regulatory functions in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were elucidated using this proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) molecule as a probe. The ATR degrader, 8 i, exhibited significantly different cellular phenotypes compared to the ATR kinase inhibitor 1. Mechanistic studies revealed that ATR deletion led to breakdown in the nuclear envelope, causing genome instability and extensive DNA damage. This would increase the expression of p53 and triggered immediately p53-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway, which was earlier and more effective than ATR kinase inhibition. Based on these findings, the in vivo anti-proliferative effects of ATR degrader 8 i were assessed using xenograft models. The degrader significantly inhibited the growth of AML cells in vivo, unlike the ATR inhibitor. These results suggest that the marked anti-AML activity is regulated by the kinase-independent functions of the ATR protein. Consequently, developing potent and selective ATR degraders could be a promising strategy for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Chen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yue Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shuangwei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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Wang G, Guo H, Ren Y, Chen W, Wang Y, Li J, Liu H, Xing J, Zhang Y, Li N. Triptolide enhances carboplatin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting nucleotide excision repair (NER) activity in melanoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157433. [PMID: 37324464 PMCID: PMC10267402 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Carboplatin (CBP) is a DNA damaging drug used to treat various cancers, including advanced melanoma. Yet we still face low response rates and short survival due to resistance. Triptolide (TPL) is considered to have multifunctional antitumor effects and has been confirmed to enhance the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Herein, we aimed to investigate the knowledge about the effects and mechanisms for the combined application of TPL and CBP against melanoma. Methods: Melanoma cell lines and xenograft mouse model were used to uncover the antitumor effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the alone or combined treatment of TPL and CBP in melanoma. Cell viability, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and DNA damage were detected by conventional methods. The rate-limiting proteins of the NER pathway were quantitated using PCR and Western blot. Fluorescent reporter plasmids were used to test the NER repair capacity. Results: Our results showed that the presence of TPL in CBP treatment could selectively inhibit NER pathway activity, and TPL exerts a synergistic effect with CBP to inhibit viability, migration, invasion, and induce apoptosis of A375 and B16 cells. Moreover, combined treatment with TPL and CBP significantly inhibited tumor progression in nude mice by suppressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Discussion: This study reveals the NER inhibitor TPL which has great potential in treating melanoma, either alone or in combination with CBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongmin Guo
- People’s Hospital of Changshou Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingjun Xing
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Na Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Schleicher EM, Moldovan GL. CRISPR screens guide the way for PARP and ATR inhibitor biomarker discovery. FEBS J 2022; 289:7854-7868. [PMID: 34601817 PMCID: PMC9003637 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair pathways are heavily studied for their role in cancer initiation and progression. Due to the large amount of inherent DNA damage in cancer cells, tumor cells profoundly rely on proper DNA repair for efficient cell cycle progression. Several current chemotherapeutics promote excessive DNA damage in cancer cells, thus leading to cell death during cell cycle progression. However, if the tumor has efficient DNA repair mechanisms, DNA-damaging therapeutics may not be as effective. Therefore, directly inhibiting DNA repair pathways alone and in combination with chemotherapeutics that cause DNA damage may result in improved clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, tumors can acquire resistance to DNA repair inhibitors. It is essential to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying this resistance. Genome-wide CRISPR screening has emerged as a powerful tool to identify biomarkers of resistance or sensitivity to DNA repair inhibitors. CRISPR knockout and CRISPR activation screens can be designed to investigate how the loss or overexpression of any human gene impacts resistance or sensitivity to specific inhibitors. This review will address the role of CRISPR screening in identifying biomarkers of resistance and sensitivity to DNA repair pathway inhibitors. We will focus on inhibitors targeting the PARP1 and ATR enzymes, and how the biomarkers identified from CRISPR screens can help inform the treatment plan for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Schleicher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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5
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Curcumin Increased the Sensitivity of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Cisplatin through the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6886366. [PMID: 35754693 PMCID: PMC9232348 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6886366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most lethal cancers. Although cisplatin-based chemotherapies have been regarded as a promising treatment approach, cisplatin resistance still remains one of the major clinical challenges. Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenol, has been proved to increase chemotherapeutic efficiency of NSCLC cells. However, the role of curcumin in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells has been rarely investigated. This study aims to investigate whether curcumin enhances cisplatin sensitivity of human NSCLC cells and its underlying mechanisms. Method A549/DDP and H1299/DDP cells were treated by DDP or/and curcumin before cell viability, and apoptosis were determined by using a CCK-8 assay and flow cytometer. The expressions of apoptosis and ER stress-related proteins, including cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, CHOP, GRP78, XBP-1, ATF6, and caspase-4, were measured by the qPCR and western blotting. After cotreatment by DDP and curcumin, A549/DDP and H1299/DDP cells were further treated by the ER stress inhibitor, salubrinal (20 μm), after which the cell apoptosis and viability were detected. Result Treatment by DDP and curcumin can substantially decrease cell viability, while can increase the cell apoptosis rate, elevate mRNA and protein expressions of apoptosis and ER stress-related proteins, compared with cells treated by DDP or curcumin alone. Salubrinal treatment can counteract the suppressive effect of DDP and curcumin on cell viability and decrease the cell apoptosis of A549/DDP and H1299/DDP cells. Conclusion Curcumin can increase the sensitivity of NSCLC to cisplatin through an ER stress pathway and thus can be served as one of the molecular targets for overcoming the cisplatin resistance.
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P K A, Roy N, Das U, Varddhan S, Sahoo SK, Paira P. [Ru(η 6- p-cymene)(N^O 8-hydroxyquinoline)(PTA)] complexes as rising stars in medicinal chemistry: synthesis, properties, biomolecular interactions, in vitro anti-tumor activity toward human brain carcinomas, and in vivo biodistribution and toxicity in a zebrafish model. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8497-8509. [PMID: 35606053 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have introduced a class of half-sandwich [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(N^O 8-hydroxyquinoline)(PTA)] complexes for brain cancer therapy. Among all the complexes, [RuL3PTA] and [RuL4PTA] exhibited excellent cytotoxicity profiles against T98G, LN229, and U87MG cancer cells. Notably, the antiproliferative activities of the relevant complexes were also supported by neurosphere, DNA intercalation, agarose gel electrophoresis, and time-dependent ROS detection assay studies. Detailed molecular assays were obtained via real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments. Moreover, the in vivo biodistribution of the [RuL4PTA] complex in different organs and the morphological patterns of zebrafish embryos due to toxic effects have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja P K
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Seshu Varddhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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7
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Gunderson CC, Radhakrishnan R, Gomathinayagam R, Husain S, Aravindan S, Moore KM, Dhanasekaran DN, Jayaraman M. Circulating Tumor Cell-Free DNA Genes as Prognostic Gene Signature for Platinum Resistant Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis. Biomark Insights 2022; 17:11772719221088404. [PMID: 35370397 PMCID: PMC8966103 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221088404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical management of gynecological cancer begins by optimal debulking with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. However, in ~80% patients, ovarian cancer will recur and is lethal. Prognostic gene signature panel identifying platinum-resistance enables better patient stratification for precision therapy. Retrospectively collected serum from 11 "poor" (<6 months progression free interval [PFI]) and 22 "favorable" (>24 months PFI) prognosis patients, were evaluated using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). DNA from both groups showed 50 to 10 000 bp fragments. Pairwise analysis of sequenced cfDNA from patients showed that gene dosages were higher for 29 genes and lower for 64 genes in poor than favorable prognosis patients. Gene ontology analysis of higher dose genes predominantly grouped into cytoskeletal proteins, while lower dose genes, as hydrolases and receptors. Higher dosage genes searched for cancer-relatedness in Reactome database indicated 15 genes were referenced with cancer. Among them 3 genes, TGFBR2, ZMIZ2, and NRG2, were interacting with more than 4 cancer-associated genes. Protein expression analysis of tumor samples indicated that TGFBR2 was downregulated and ZMIZ2 was upregulated in poor prognosis patients. Our results indicate that the cfDNA gene dosage combined with protein expression in tumor samples can serve as gene signature panel for prognosis determination amongst ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C Gunderson
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Rohini Gomathinayagam
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sanam Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sheeja Aravindan
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kathleen M Moore
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Muralidharan Jayaraman
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Muralidharan Jayaraman, Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC416, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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8
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Research progress of azido-containing Pt(IV) antitumor compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113927. [PMID: 34695775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a long-known incurable disease, and the medical use of cisplatin has been a significant discovery. However, the side-effects of cisplatin necessitate the development of new and improved drug. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the photoactivatable Pt(IV) compounds Pt[(X1)(X2)(Y1)(Y2)(N3)2], which have a completely novel mechanism of action. Pt(IV) can efficiently overcome the side-effects of cisplatin and other drugs. Here, we have demonstrated, summarized and discussed the effects and mechanism of these compounds. Compared to the relevant articles in the literature, we have provided a more detailed introduction and a made comprehensive classification of these compounds. We believe that our results can effectively provide a reference for the development of these drugs.
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9
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Targeting Drug Chemo-Resistance in Cancer Using Natural Products. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101353. [PMID: 34680470 PMCID: PMC8533186 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. The development of drug resistance is the main contributor to cancer-related mortality. Cancer cells exploit multiple mechanisms to reduce the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, thereby causing chemotherapy failure. Natural products are accessible, inexpensive, and less toxic sources of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, they have multiple mechanisms of action to inhibit various targets involved in the development of drug resistance. In this review, we have summarized the basic research and clinical applications of natural products as possible inhibitors for drug resistance in cancer. The molecular targets and the mechanisms of action of each natural product are also explained. Diverse drug resistance biomarkers were sensitive to natural products. P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein can be targeted by a large number of natural products. On the other hand, protein kinase C and topoisomerases were less sensitive to most of the studied natural products. The studies discussed in this review will provide a solid ground for scientists to explore the possible use of natural products in combination anticancer therapies to overcome drug resistance by targeting multiple drug resistance mechanisms.
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Analysis of the association between KIN17 expression and the clinical features/prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer, and the effects of KIN17 in SKOV3 cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:475. [PMID: 33907585 PMCID: PMC8063336 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are an important mechanism of chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Kin17 DNA and RNA binding protein (KIN17) serves a crucial role in DSB repair. In the present study, the association between KIN17 and EOC, and the effects of KIN17 on EOC cells in vitro were evaluated. A bioinformatics method was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of KIN17 in EOC and its association with EOC prognosis including overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) time. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the expression levels of KIN17 in EOC samples. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were utilized to analyze risk factors for the OS of patients with EOC. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to explore the roles of KIN17 in SKOV3 cells. Both the transcription and expression of KIN17 were upregulated in EOC tissues. Furthermore, the OS of patients with EOC with high mRNA expression levels of KIN17 was shorter than that of patients with EOC with low expression levels. High KIN17 expression was an independent risk factor for EOC prognosis. Furthermore, KIN17 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 cells, enhanced the sensitivity of the cells to cisplatin and inhibited the migration ability of the cells. These results suggested that KIN17 may act as an ideal candidate for therapy and as a prognostic biomarker of EOC, although the underlying mechanisms require further exploration.
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Abstract
Platinum (Pt) compounds entered the clinic as anticancer agents when cisplatin was approved in 1978. More than 40 years later, even in the era of precision medicine and immunotherapy, Pt drugs remain among the most widely used anticancer drugs. As Pt drugs mainly target DNA, it is not surprising that recent insights into alterations of DNA repair mechanisms provide a useful explanation for their success. Many cancers have defective DNA repair, a feature that also sheds new light on the mechanisms of secondary drug resistance, such as the restoration of DNA repair pathways. In addition, genome-wide functional screening approaches have revealed interesting insights into Pt drug uptake. About half of cisplatin and carboplatin but not oxaliplatin may enter cells through the widely expressed volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). The analysis of this heteromeric channel in tumour biopsies may therefore be a useful biomarker to stratify patients for initial Pt treatments. Moreover, Pt-based approaches may be improved in the future by the optimization of combinations with immunotherapy, management of side effects and use of nanodelivery devices. Hence, Pt drugs may still be part of the standard of care for several cancers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Disler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Borst P. Looking back at multidrug resistance (MDR) research and ten mistakes to be avoided when writing about ABC transporters in MDR. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4001-4011. [PMID: 33111311 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a personal, selective, and sometimes critical retrospective of the history of ABC transporters in multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells, overrepresenting discoveries of some early pioneers, long forgotten, and highlights of research in Amsterdam, mainly focussing on discoveries made with disruptions of ABC genes in mice (KO mice) and on the role of ABC transporters in causing drug resistance in a mouse model of mammary cancer. The history is complemented by a list of erroneous concepts often found in papers and grant applications submitted anno 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Borst
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Roy N, Sen U, Madaan Y, Muthukumar V, Varddhan S, Sahoo SK, Panda D, Bose B, Paira P. Mitochondria-Targeting Click-Derived Pyridinyltriazolylmethylquinoxaline-Based Y-Shaped Binuclear Luminescent Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) Complexes as Cancer Theranostic Agents. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17689-17711. [PMID: 33210921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to several negative issues, market available drugs have been gradually losing their importance in the treatment of cancer. With a view to discover suitable drugs capable of diagnosing as well as inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, we have aspired to develop a group of theranostic metal complexes which will be (i) target specific, (ii) cytoselective, thus rendering the normal cell unaffected, (iii) water-soluble, (iv) cancer cell permeable, and (v) luminescent, being beneficial for healing the cancer eternally. Therefore, to reach our goal, we have prepared novel Ru(II)- and Ir(III)-based bimetallic and hetero bimetallic scaffolds using click-derived pyridinyltriazolylmethylquinoxaline ligands followed by metal coordination. Most of the compounds have displayed significant cytoselectivity against colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and epithiloid cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells with respect to normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) compared to cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] along with excellent binding efficacy with DNA as well as serum albumin. Complex [(η6-p-cymene)(η5-Cp*)RuIIIrIIICl2(K2-N,N-L)](PF6)2 [RuIrL] exhibited the best cytoselectivity against all the human cancer cells and was identified as the most significant cancer theranostic agent in terms of potency, selectivity, and fluorescence quantum yield. Investigation of the localization of complex [Ir2L] and [RuIrL] in the more aggressive colorectal adenocarcinoma cell HT-29 indicates that mitochondria are the key cellular target for destroying cancer cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in HT-29 cell were found to be involved in the apoptotic cell death pathway induced by the test complexes [Ir2L] and [RuIrL]. These results validate the concept that these types of complexes will be reasonably able to exert great potential for tumor diagnosis as well as therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Utsav Sen
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Yukti Madaan
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Muthukumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Seshu Varddhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) Ichchanath, Surat, Gujrat-395007, India
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) Ichchanath, Surat, Gujrat-395007, India
| | - Debashis Panda
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, An Institution of National Importance, Jais, Amethi-229304, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
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14
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Morin Hydrate Sensitizes Hepatoma Cells and Xenograft Tumor towards Cisplatin by Downregulating PARP-1-HMGB1 Mediated Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218253. [PMID: 33158052 PMCID: PMC7885522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy influences anticancer drug sensitivity and cellular death in various cancer cell lines. However, the fundamental mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unidentified. We demonstrated anti-cancerous role of cisplatin (CP) and morin hydrate (Mh) as an individual and/or in combination (CP-Mh) in hepatoma cells and tumor model. Exposure of CP resulted in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cellular vacuolization, expansion of mitochondria membrane and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress. Consequently, Cyt c translocation led to the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which simultaneously triggered caspase-mediated cellular apoptosis. In addition, CP-induced PARP-1 activation led to ADP-ribosylation of HMGB1, which consequently developed autophagy as evident by the LC3I/II ratio. Chemically-induced inhibition of autophagy marked by increased cell death signified a protective role of autophagy against CP treatment. CP-Mh abrogates the PARP-1 expression and significantly reduced HMGB1-cytoplasmic translocation with subsequent inhibition of the HMGB1-Beclin1 complex formation. In the absence of PARP-1, a reduced HMGB1 mediated autophagy was observed followed by induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. To confirm the role of PARP-1-HMGB1 signaling in autophagy, we used the PARP-1 inhibitor, 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (ANI), HMGB1 inhibitor, ethyl pyruvate (EP), autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin (baf) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to target Atg5 in combination of CP and Mh. Exposure to these inhibitors enhanced the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to CP. Collectively, our findings indicate that CP-Mh in combination served as a prominent regulator of autophagy and significant inducer of apoptosis that maintains a homeostatic balance towards HepG2 cells and the subcutaneous tumor model.
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15
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Review of comparative studies of cytotoxic activities of Pt(II), Pd(II), Ru(II)/(III) and Au(III) complexes, their kinetics of ligand substitution reactions and DNA/BSA interactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Kar B, Roy N, Pete S, Moharana P, Paira P. Ruthenium and iridium based mononuclear and multinuclear complexes: A Breakthrough of Next-Generation anticancer metallopharmaceuticals. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Li X, Hu Z, Shi H, Wang C, Lei J, Cheng Y. Inhibition of VEGFA Increases the Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy by Suppressing VEGFA-Mediated Autophagy. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8161-8171. [PMID: 32884298 PMCID: PMC7443464 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s250392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the leading cause of death of gynecological malignancies worldwide. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), the most potent angiogenic factor, is responsible for tumor growth and angiogenesis, but its role in OvCa chemotherapy resistance remains unclear. Methods RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect VEGFA expression in tumor cells and normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was used to analyze GO terms correlated with VEGFA. In in vitro experiments, we knockdown VEGFA in tumor cells and detected the tumor cell viability and apoptosis after chemotherapy drug treatment by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect autophagy and apoptosis related proteins. Results We proved that VEGFA was highly expressed in tumor cells comparted with normal ovarian surface epithelial cells, and enriched GO analysis of VEGFA showed that VEGFA was involved in anti-apoptotic process. Further in vitro experiments confirmed that expression of VEGFA was correlated with chemotherapy resistance and this effect was mediated by autophagy. Meanwhile tumor cells treated with chemotherapy drugs also promoted the expression of VEGFA. Knockdown VEGFA inhibited autophagy of tumor cells and thus potents the killing efficiency in DDP resistant tumor cells and this effect could be reversed by the addition of recombinant VEGFA. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrates that VEGFA is involved in anti-apoptosis of tumor cells to chemotherapy, killing partly through autophagy, indicating that VEGFA may serve as a potential target to improve chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Gynecological Oncology Radiotherapy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Gynecological Oncology Radiotherapy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lei
- Gynecological Oncology Radiotherapy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Gynecological Oncology Radiotherapy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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18
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Solairaja S, Andrabi MQ, Dunna NR, Venkatabalasubramanian S. Overview of Morin and Its Complementary Role as an Adjuvant for Anticancer Agents. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:927-942. [PMID: 32530303 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1778747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Global cancer incidence and mortality data released by the World Health Organization proposes that out of 18.1 million new cancer cases diagnosed, 9.8 million deaths occurred globally in 2018. Cancer is one of the major health burdens among non-communicable diseases globally responsible for impeding life expectancy in the present century. Disrupting hallmarks of cancer (such as prolonged inflammation, increased growth signal, tissue invasion and metastasis, unlimited proliferation and evasion of apoptosis) with dietary agents is of considerable focus for cancer prevention and therapy. In the last decade, a significant contribution has been provided in finding many plant-derived natural agents that can be identified as promising molecular cancer therapeutics. Our focus in this review is on one such natural dietary agent, Morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone): a bioflavonoid. Morin exerts strong pharmacological properties against a multitude of cancer (liver cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, prostate, and colon cancer). Recent progress has also been made in examining the potential of morin as a natural dietary agent for fostering the pharmacological effects of other well-known anticancer agents. This review provides an overview of morin and its derivatives in combination with anticancer agents for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaipriya Solairaja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Qasim Andrabi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Dunna
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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19
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Yamazaki H, Shirakawa K, Matsumoto T, Kazuma Y, Matsui H, Horisawa Y, Stanford E, Sarca AD, Shirakawa R, Shindo K, Takaori-Kondo A. APOBEC3B reporter myeloma cell lines identify DNA damage response pathways leading to APOBEC3B expression. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223463. [PMID: 31914134 PMCID: PMC6948746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) DNA cytosine deaminase 3B (A3B) is a DNA editing enzyme which induces genomic DNA mutations in multiple myeloma and in various other cancers. APOBEC family proteins are highly homologous so it is especially difficult to investigate the biology of specifically A3B in cancer cells. To easily and comprehensively investigate A3B function in myeloma cells, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate A3B reporter cells that contain 3×FLAG tag and IRES-EGFP sequences integrated at the end of the A3B gene. These reporter cells stably express 3xFLAG tagged A3B and the reporter EGFP and this expression is enhanced by known stimuli, such as PMA. Conversely, shRNA knockdown of A3B decreased EGFP fluorescence and 3xFLAG tagged A3B protein levels. We screened a series of anticancer treatments using these cell lines and identified that most conventional therapies, such as antimetabolites or radiation, exacerbated endogenous A3B expression, but recent molecular targeted therapeutics, including bortezomib, lenalidomide and elotuzumab, did not. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of ATM, ATR and DNA-PK suppressed EGFP expression upon treatment with antimetabolites. These results suggest that DNA damage triggers A3B expression through ATM, ATR and DNA-PK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Matsumoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Horisawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emani Stanford
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anamaria Daniela Sarca
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shindo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Cserepes M, Türk D, Tóth S, Pape VFS, Gaál A, Gera M, Szabó JE, Kucsma N, Várady G, Vértessy BG, Streli C, Szabó PT, Tovari J, Szoboszlai N, Szakács G. Unshielding Multidrug Resistant Cancer through Selective Iron Depletion of P-Glycoprotein-Expressing Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 80:663-674. [PMID: 31888888 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence shows that following initial response to treatment, drug-resistant cancer cells frequently evolve and, eventually, most tumors become resistant to all available therapies. We compiled a focused library consisting of >500 commercially available or newly synthetized 8-hydroxyquinoline (8OHQ) derivatives whose toxicity is paradoxically increased rather than decreased by the activity of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a transporter conferring multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, we deciphered the mechanism of action of NSC297366 that shows exceptionally strong Pgp-potentiated toxicity. Treatment of cells with NSC297366 resulted in changes associated with the activity of potent anticancer iron chelators. Strikingly, iron depletion was more pronounced in MDR cells due to the Pgp-mediated efflux of NSC297366-iron complexes. Our results indicate that iron homeostasis can be targeted by MDR-selective compounds for the selective elimination of multidrug resistant cancer cells, setting the stage for a therapeutic approach to fight transporter-mediated drug resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: Modulation of the MDR phenotype has the potential to increase the efficacy of anticancer therapies. These findings show that the MDR transporter is a "double-edged sword" that can be turned against resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Cserepes
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Türk
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika F S Pape
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Gaál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Gera
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit E Szabó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Pál T Szabó
- Instrumentation Centre, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Tovari
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. .,Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Morin Hydrate Reverses Cisplatin Resistance by Impairing PARP1/HMGB1-Dependent Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070986. [PMID: 31311167 PMCID: PMC6678360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major obstacle that limits the benefits of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. De-regulation of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)/high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) signaling pathway has been proposed as an important mechanism involved in cisplatin-resistance. In this study, we investigated therapeutic potential of a natural flavonoid Morin hydrate against cisplatin-induced toxicity using the HepG2DR multi-drug resistant cell line, which is derived from the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. HepG2DR cells were exposed to cisplatin and Morin hydrate alone or together after which autophagy and apoptotic signaling pathways were monitored by fluorometric assay and Western blot analysis. Xenograft mouse models were performed to confirm the in vitro effect of Morin hydrate. PARP1 was hyper activated in cisplatin-resistant HepG2DR cells. Cisplatin-induced PARP1 activation resulted in chemoresistance via increased autophagy. The cisplatin/Morin hydrate combination was effective in the reversal of the HepG2DR cell resistance via suppression of PARP1-mediated autophagy by regulating the HMGB1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3) I/II. Moreover, PARP1 inhibition by 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide or autophagy inhibition by a knockdown of the autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) gene resulted in sensitizing the HepG2DR cells to cisplatin (CP) through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. In a mouse xenograft model, the treatment of cisplatin with Morin hydrate reversed the increased expression of PARP and HMGB1 and significantly suppressed tumor growth. These findings indicate dysregulated expression of PARP1 confers cisplatin-resistance via autophagy activation in HepG2DR cells. Morin hydrate inhibits cisplatin-mediated autophagy induction, resulting in increased susceptibility of HepG2DR cells to cisplatin cytotoxicity. The combination of Morin hydrate with cisplatin may be a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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22
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Wang S, Wang H, Sun B, Li D, Wu J, Li J, Tian X, Qin C, Chang H, Liu Y. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid triggers premature senescence via induction of DNA damage accompanied by impairment of DNA repair genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:65-76. [PMID: 31141202 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest, occurs in all somatic cells and causes the cells to exhaust replicative capacity. Recently, cellular senescence has been emerging as one of the principal mechanisms of tumor suppression, which can be induced by low doses of therapeutic drugs in cancer cells. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), an active ingredient isolated from the plant Boswellia serrata, has been identified to induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In this study, we found that low concentrations of AKBA treatment triggered cell growth arrest at G0/G1 phase with features of premature cellular senescence phenotype in both HCC cell lines HepG2 and SMMC7721, as observed by enlarged and flattened morphology, significant increase in cells with senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, and decrease in cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. Furthermore, cellular senescence induced by AKBA occurred via activation of DNA damage response and impairment of DNA repair, as evidenced by strong induction of γH2AX and p53, and downregulated expressions of multiple DNA repair associated genes. Induction of p53 by AKBA caused a significant increase in p21CIP1 , which had a critical involvement in the induction of cellular senescence. Additionally, in vivo study demonstrated that induction of senescence contributed to the anticancer efficacy of AKBA. Therefore, our findings suggested that induction of premature senescence by AKBA through DNA damage response accompanied by impairment of DNA repair genes defines a novel mechanism contributing to its growth suppression in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikang Wang
- Emergency Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Baoyou Sun
- Emergency Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Duanfeng Li
- Emergency Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaona Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Chengkun Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
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23
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Knegtel R, Charrier JD, Durrant S, Davis C, O'Donnell M, Storck P, MacCormick S, Kay D, Pinder J, Virani A, Twin H, Griffiths M, Reaper P, Littlewood P, Young S, Golec J, Pollard J. Rational Design of 5-(4-(Isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(3-(4-((methylamino)methyl)phenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)pyrazin-2-amine (VX-970, M6620): Optimization of Intra- and Intermolecular Polar Interactions of a New Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and Rad3-Related (ATR) Kinase Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5547-5561. [PMID: 31074988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a DNA damage surveillance and repair mechanism that can limit the effectiveness of radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy, commonly used treatment modalities in cancer. Two related kinases, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related kinase (ATR), work together as apical proteins in the DDR to maintain genome stability and cell survival in the face of potentially lethal forms of DNA damage. However, compromised ATM signaling is a common characteristic of tumor cells, which places greater reliance on ATR to mediate the DDR. In such circumstances, ATR inhibition has been shown to enhance the toxicity of DNA damaging chemotherapy to many cancer cells in multiple preclinical studies, while healthy tissue with functional ATM can tolerate ATR inhibition. ATR therefore represents a very attractive anticancer target. Herein we describe the discovery of VX-970/M6620, the first ATR inhibitor to enter clinical studies, which is based on a 2-aminopyrazine core first reported by Charrier ( J. Med. Chem. 2011 , 54 , 2320 - 2330 , DOI: 10.1021/jm101488z ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Knegtel
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Damien Charrier
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Steven Durrant
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Chris Davis
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Michael O'Donnell
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Storck
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Somhairle MacCormick
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - David Kay
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Pinder
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Anisa Virani
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Heather Twin
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Griffiths
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Philip Reaper
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Peter Littlewood
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Steve Young
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Julian Golec
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - John Pollard
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
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24
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Kim G, Kim J, Han SY, Hwang IG, Kim HS, Min H. The effects of BRCA1 expression on the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells to platinum agents. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5023-5029. [PMID: 31186713 PMCID: PMC6507359 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein, which is involved in homologous recombination to repair DNA double strand breaks and maintain genome stability. When BRCA1 is mutated or altered, DNA damage may not be effectively repaired, which leads to DNA replication errors and cancer growth. Accordingly, people carrying a mutation in the BRCA1 gene possess an increased risk of several types of cancer, including breast and ovarian cancer. Previous clinical studies have reported an association between BRCA1 expression level and the incidence of gastric cancer; however, to the best of our knowledge, an in vitro study has not been performed to support these clinical observations. Therefore, the present study evaluated BRCA1 expression levels in gastric cancer cell lines. In addition, the IC50 values of cisplatin and oxaliplatin in each cell line were determined to investigate a potential correlation between BRCA1 expression level and chemosensitivity to platinum agents. The present results revealed that the BRCA1 expression level in gastric cancer is variable and associated with the treatment response to platinum-based chemotherapy. This suggests that BRCA1 may serve as a therapeutic marker for platinum-based chemotherapy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - In Gyu Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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25
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McDonald ME, Salinas EA, Devor EJ, Newtson AM, Thiel KW, Goodheart MJ, Bender DP, Smith BJ, Leslie KK, Gonzalez-Bosquet J. Molecular Characterization of Non-responders to Chemotherapy in Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051175. [PMID: 30866519 PMCID: PMC6429334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly one-third of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) do not respond to initial treatment with platinum-based therapy. Genomic and clinical characterization of these patients may lead to potential alternative therapies. Here, the objective is to classify non-responders into subsets using clinical and molecular features. Using patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory HGSC, we performed a genome-wide unsupervised cluster analysis that integrated clinical data, gene copy number variations, gene somatic mutations, and DNA promoter methylation. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed for each cluster to identify the targetable processes. Following the unsupervised cluster analysis, three distinct clusters of non-responders emerged. Cluster 1 had overrepresentation of the stage IV disease and suboptimal debulking, under-expression of miRNAs and mRNAs, hypomethylated DNA, “loss of function” TP53 mutations, and the overexpression of genes in the PDGFR pathway. Cluster 2 had low miRNA expression, generalized hypermethylation, MUC17 mutations, and significant activation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Cluster 3 had more optimally cytoreduced stage III patients, overexpression of miRNAs, mixed methylation patterns, and “gain of function” TP53 mutations. However, the survival for all clusters was similar. Integration of genomic and clinical data from patients that do not respond to chemotherapy has identified different subgroups or clusters. Pathway analysis further identified the potential alternative therapeutic targets for each cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E McDonald
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | | | - Eric J Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Andreea M Newtson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Kristina W Thiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Michael J Goodheart
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - David P Bender
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Brian J Smith
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Department of biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Kimberly K Leslie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Bosquet
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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26
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Tong Y, Song Y, Deng S. Combined analysis and validation for DNA methylation and gene expression profiles associated with prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:50. [PMID: 30867653 PMCID: PMC6399908 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignancy cause of cancer deaths and frequently diagnosed in male. This study aimed to identify tumor suppressor genes, hub genes and their pathways by combined bioinformatics analysis. METHODS A combined analysis method was used for two types of microarray datasets (DNA methylation and gene expression profiles) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified by the R package minfi and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out via the R package limma. A total of 4451 DMGs and 1509 DEGs, identified with nine overlaps between DMGs, DEGs and tumor suppressor genes, were screened for candidate tumor suppressor genes. All these nine candidate tumor suppressor genes were validated by TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database and Oncomine database. And then, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING and visualized in Cytoscape. At last, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to validate these genes. RESULTS The candidate tumor suppressor genes were IKZF1, PPM1A, FBP1, SMCHD1, ALPL, CASP5, PYHIN1, DAPK1 and CASP8. By validation in TCGA database, PPM1A, DAPK1, FBP1, PYHIN1, ALPL and SMCHD1 were significant. The hub genes were FGFR1, FGF13 and CCND1. These hub genes were identified from the PPI network, and sub-networks revealed by these genes were involved in significant pathways. CONCLUSION In summary, the study indicated that the combined analysis for identifying target genes with PCa by bioinformatics tools promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and underlying the development of PCa. And the hub genes might serve as molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for precise diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Tong
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
- School of Humanity, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Device, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Deng
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
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Mucaki EJ, Zhao JZL, Lizotte DJ, Rogan PK. Predicting responses to platin chemotherapy agents with biochemically-inspired machine learning. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019. [PMID: 30652029 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0034-5]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of effective genes that accurately predict chemotherapy responses might improve cancer outcomes. We compare optimized gene signatures for cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin responses in the same cell lines and validate each signature using data from patients with cancer. Supervised support vector machine learning is used to derive gene sets whose expression is related to the cell line GI50 values by backwards feature selection with cross-validation. Specific genes and functional pathways distinguishing sensitive from resistant cell lines are identified by contrasting signatures obtained at extreme and median GI50 thresholds. Ensembles of gene signatures at different thresholds are combined to reduce the dependence on specific GI50 values for predicting drug responses. The most accurate gene signatures for each platin are: cisplatin: BARD1, BCL2, BCL2L1, CDKN2C, FAAP24, FEN1, MAP3K1, MAPK13, MAPK3, NFKB1, NFKB2, SLC22A5, SLC31A2, TLR4, and TWIST1; carboplatin: AKT1, EIF3K, ERCC1, GNGT1, GSR, MTHFR, NEDD4L, NLRP1, NRAS, RAF1, SGK1, TIGD1, TP53, VEGFB, and VEGFC; and oxaliplatin: BRAF, FCGR2A, IGF1, MSH2, NAGK, NFE2L2, NQO1, PANK3, SLC47A1, SLCO1B1, and UGT1A1. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) patients with bladder, ovarian, and colorectal cancer were used to test the cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin signatures, resulting in 71.0%, 60.2%, and 54.5% accuracies in predicting disease recurrence and 59%, 61%, and 72% accuracies in predicting remission, respectively. One cisplatin signature predicted 100% of recurrence in non-smoking patients with bladder cancer (57% disease-free; N = 19), and 79% recurrence in smokers (62% disease-free; N = 35). This approach should be adaptable to other studies of chemotherapy responses, regardless of the drug or cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseos J Mucaki
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 2C1 Canada
| | - Jonathan Z L Zhao
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 2C1 Canada.,2Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, ON N6A 2C1 Canada
| | - Daniel J Lizotte
- 2Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, ON N6A 2C1 Canada.,3Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 2C1 Canada
| | - Peter K Rogan
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 2C1 Canada.,2Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, ON N6A 2C1 Canada.,3Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 2C1 Canada.,Cytognomix, Inc., London, ON N5X 3X5 Canada.,5Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 2C1 Canada
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28
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Predicting responses to platin chemotherapy agents with biochemically-inspired machine learning. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019. [PMID: 30652029 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0034-5] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of effective genes that accurately predict chemotherapy responses might improve cancer outcomes. We compare optimized gene signatures for cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin responses in the same cell lines and validate each signature using data from patients with cancer. Supervised support vector machine learning is used to derive gene sets whose expression is related to the cell line GI50 values by backwards feature selection with cross-validation. Specific genes and functional pathways distinguishing sensitive from resistant cell lines are identified by contrasting signatures obtained at extreme and median GI50 thresholds. Ensembles of gene signatures at different thresholds are combined to reduce the dependence on specific GI50 values for predicting drug responses. The most accurate gene signatures for each platin are: cisplatin: BARD1, BCL2, BCL2L1, CDKN2C, FAAP24, FEN1, MAP3K1, MAPK13, MAPK3, NFKB1, NFKB2, SLC22A5, SLC31A2, TLR4, and TWIST1; carboplatin: AKT1, EIF3K, ERCC1, GNGT1, GSR, MTHFR, NEDD4L, NLRP1, NRAS, RAF1, SGK1, TIGD1, TP53, VEGFB, and VEGFC; and oxaliplatin: BRAF, FCGR2A, IGF1, MSH2, NAGK, NFE2L2, NQO1, PANK3, SLC47A1, SLCO1B1, and UGT1A1. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) patients with bladder, ovarian, and colorectal cancer were used to test the cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin signatures, resulting in 71.0%, 60.2%, and 54.5% accuracies in predicting disease recurrence and 59%, 61%, and 72% accuracies in predicting remission, respectively. One cisplatin signature predicted 100% of recurrence in non-smoking patients with bladder cancer (57% disease-free; N = 19), and 79% recurrence in smokers (62% disease-free; N = 35). This approach should be adaptable to other studies of chemotherapy responses, regardless of the drug or cancer types.
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29
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Predicting responses to platin chemotherapy agents with biochemically-inspired machine learning. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:1. [PMID: 30652029 PMCID: PMC6329797 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of effective genes that accurately predict chemotherapy responses might improve cancer outcomes. We compare optimized gene signatures for cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin responses in the same cell lines and validate each signature using data from patients with cancer. Supervised support vector machine learning is used to derive gene sets whose expression is related to the cell line GI50 values by backwards feature selection with cross-validation. Specific genes and functional pathways distinguishing sensitive from resistant cell lines are identified by contrasting signatures obtained at extreme and median GI50 thresholds. Ensembles of gene signatures at different thresholds are combined to reduce the dependence on specific GI50 values for predicting drug responses. The most accurate gene signatures for each platin are: cisplatin: BARD1, BCL2, BCL2L1, CDKN2C, FAAP24, FEN1, MAP3K1, MAPK13, MAPK3, NFKB1, NFKB2, SLC22A5, SLC31A2, TLR4, and TWIST1; carboplatin: AKT1, EIF3K, ERCC1, GNGT1, GSR, MTHFR, NEDD4L, NLRP1, NRAS, RAF1, SGK1, TIGD1, TP53, VEGFB, and VEGFC; and oxaliplatin: BRAF, FCGR2A, IGF1, MSH2, NAGK, NFE2L2, NQO1, PANK3, SLC47A1, SLCO1B1, and UGT1A1. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) patients with bladder, ovarian, and colorectal cancer were used to test the cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin signatures, resulting in 71.0%, 60.2%, and 54.5% accuracies in predicting disease recurrence and 59%, 61%, and 72% accuracies in predicting remission, respectively. One cisplatin signature predicted 100% of recurrence in non-smoking patients with bladder cancer (57% disease-free; N = 19), and 79% recurrence in smokers (62% disease-free; N = 35). This approach should be adaptable to other studies of chemotherapy responses, regardless of the drug or cancer types. Machine learning has identified genetic signatures that predict how patients will respond to three of the most widely used cancer drugs. Chemotherapy regimens are usually based on how groups of people with similar cancers respond to them, but genetic differences can render the drugs more or less effective in individual patients. Machine learning provides a way of sifting through large amounts of data to identify patterns—in this case, in gene signatures associated with cancer recurrence and remission. The authors investigated cellular responses to cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin and identified signatures in 11–15 genes which were the most predictive for each drug. The compositions of these signatures are also tailored to how well these therapies prevent growth of cancer cells. Accuracy varied, but one cisplatin signature was able to predict all instances of disease recurrence in non-smokers with bladder cancer.
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30
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Hou X, Luo H, Zhang M, Yan G, Pu C, Lan S, Li R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1 H)-ones as cisplatin sensitizers. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1949-1960. [PMID: 30568762 PMCID: PMC6256366 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 3-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one derivatives were synthesized and their anti-cancer as well as cisplatin sensitization activities were evaluated. Among them, compounds 6e and 6h exhibited significant cisplatin sensitization activity against HCT116. Hoechst staining and annexin V-FITC/PI dual-labeling studies demonstrated that the combination of 6e/6h and cisplatin can induce tumour cell apoptosis. Western blot showed that the expression of ATR downstream protein, CHK1, decreased in 6e + cisplatin and 6h + cisplatin groups compared with that in the test compound and cisplatin group. Furthermore, docking of 6e/6h into the ATR structure active site revealed that the N1 and N8 atoms in the naphthyridine ring and the hybrid atom in the oxadiazole ring are involved in hydrogen bonding with Val170, Glu168 and Tyr155. Additionally, the naphthyridine ring is also involved in π-π stacking with Trp169. Accordingly, compounds 6e and 6h can be expected to be potential cisplatin sensitizers that can participate in HCT116 cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , P. R. China .
- College of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , Henan 453003 , P.R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , P. R. China .
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , P. R. China .
| | - Guoyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , P. R. China .
| | - Chunlan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , P. R. China .
| | - Suke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , P. R. China .
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , P. R. China .
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31
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Makino E, Gutmann V, Kosnopfel C, Niessner H, Forschner A, Garbe C, Sinnberg T, Schittek B. Melanoma cells resistant towards MAPK inhibitors exhibit reduced TAp73 expression mediating enhanced sensitivity to platinum-based drugs. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:930. [PMID: 30206212 PMCID: PMC6133963 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of targeted MAPK signalling pathway inhibitors (MAPKi) in metastatic melanoma therapy is limited by the development of resistance mechanisms that results in disease relapse. This situation still requires treatment alternatives for melanoma patients with acquired resistance to targeted therapy. We found that melanoma cells, which developed resistance towards MAPKi show an enhanced susceptibility to platinum-based drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin. We found that this enhanced susceptibility inversely correlates with the expression level of the p53 family member TAp73. We show that the lower expression of the TAp73 isoform in MAPKi-resistant melanoma cells enhances accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks upon cisplatin and carboplatin treatment by reducing the efficiency of nucleotide excision repair. These data suggest that a subgroup of melanoma patients with acquired resistance to MAPKi treatment and low TAp73 expression can benefit from chemotherapy with platinum-based drugs as a second-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Makino
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Gutmann
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Kosnopfel
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Forschner
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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32
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Gasparri ML, Besharat ZM, Farooqi AA, Khalid S, Taghavi K, Besharat RA, Sabato C, Papadia A, Panici PB, Mueller MD, Ferretti E. MiRNAs and their interplay with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer cells: a potential role in platinum resistance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2313-2318. [PMID: 30109500 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies. This disappointing prognosis is closely related to intrinsic or acquired resistance to conventional platinum-based chemotherapy, which can affect a third of patients. As such, investigating relevant molecular targets is crucial in the fight against this disease. So far, many mutations involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis have been identified. Among them, a few pathways were implicated. One such pathway is the P13K/AKT/mTOR with abnormalities found in many cases. This pathway is considered to have an instrumental role in proliferation, migration, invasion and, more recently, in chemotherapy resistance. Many miRNAs have been found to influence P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway with different potential role in tumor genesis and ovarian cancer behaviour. In particular, their biological function was recently investigated as regards chemoresistance, therefore, leading to the identification of potential specific indirect biomarker of platinum sensitivity in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Gasparri
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Surgical and Medical Department of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sumbul Khalid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Katayoun Taghavi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raad Aris Besharat
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Sabato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Papadia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael David Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Zhang J, Zhang L, Yan X, Su J. Suppression of chloride voltage-gated channel 3 expression increases sensitivity of human glioma U251 cells to cisplatin through lysosomal dysfunction. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:835-842. [PMID: 29963152 PMCID: PMC6019884 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of cisplatin resistance is complex. Previous studies have indicated that chloride voltage-gated channel 3 (CLCN3) is associated with drug resistance; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, the present study explored the involvement of CLCN3 in cisplatin resistance in human glioma U251 cells. The effects of combined cisplatin treatment and CLCN3 suppression on cultured U251 cells were investigated. The decreased viability of cisplatin-treated U251 cells indicated the cytotoxic effects of CLCN3 silencing. Expression of the apoptosis-related gene TP53 and caspase 3 activation were enhanced in cisplatin-treated U251 cells. Furthermore, the ratio of BCL2/BAX expression was decreased. Notably, CLCN3 suppression promoted cisplatin-induced cell damage in U251 cells. Thus, the combined use of cisplatin and CLCN3 antisense had additive effects in U251 cells. In addition, the present results indicated that CLCN3 suppression decreased lysosome stabilization in U251 cells treated with cisplatin. To conclude, the present results indicated that CLCN3 suppression can sensitize glioma cells to cisplatin through lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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The ability of silver(I) thiocyanate 4-methoxyphenyl phosphine to induce apoptotic cell death in esophageal cancer cells is correlated to mitochondrial perturbations. Biometals 2018; 31:189-202. [PMID: 29430579 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
First generation silver(I) phosphines have garnered much interest due to their vast structural diversity and promising anticancer activity. Increasing incidences of cancer, side-effects to chemotherapeutic agents and redevelopment of tumors due to resistance prompts the exploration of alternative compounds showing anticancer activity. This study revealed the effective induction of cell death by a silver(I) thiocyanate 4-methoxyphenyl phosphine complex in a malignant esophageal cell line. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed in treated cells. Moreover, mitochondrial targeting via the intrinsic cell death pathway was evident due to low levels of ATP, altered ROS activity, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release and caspase-9 cleavage. The complex displayed low cytotoxicity towards two human non-malignant, skin and kidney, cell lines. The findings reported herein give further insight into the selective targeting of silver(I) phosphines and support our belief that this complex shows great promise as an effective chemotherapeutic drug.
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New tools for old drugs: Functional genetic screens to optimize current chemotherapy. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 36:30-46. [PMID: 29499836 PMCID: PMC5844649 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in the treatment of various cancers, many patients still receive anti-cancer therapies that hardly eradicate tumor cells but inflict considerable side effects. To provide the best treatment regimen for an individual patient, a major goal in molecular oncology is to identify predictive markers for a personalized therapeutic strategy. Regarding novel targeted anti-cancer therapies, there are usually good markers available. Unfortunately, however, targeted therapies alone often result in rather short remissions and little cytotoxic effect on the cancer cells. Therefore, classical chemotherapy with frequent long remissions, cures, and a clear effect on cancer cell eradication remains a corner stone in current anti-cancer therapy. Reliable biomarkers which predict the response of tumors to classical chemotherapy are rare, in contrast to the situation for targeted therapy. For the bulk of cytotoxic therapeutic agents, including DNA-damaging drugs, drugs targeting microtubules or antimetabolites, there are still no reliable biomarkers used in the clinic to predict tumor response. To make progress in this direction, meticulous studies of classical chemotherapeutic drug action and resistance mechanisms are required. For this purpose, novel functional screening technologies have emerged as successful technologies to study chemotherapeutic drug response in a variety of models. They allow a systematic analysis of genetic contributions to a drug-responsive or −sensitive phenotype and facilitate a better understanding of the mode of action of these drugs. These functional genomic approaches are not only useful for the development of novel targeted anti-cancer drugs but may also guide the use of classical chemotherapeutic drugs by deciphering novel mechanisms influencing a tumor’s drug response. Moreover, due to the advances of 3D organoid cultures from patient tumors and in vivo screens in mice, these genetic screens can be applied using conditions that are more representative of the clinical setting. Patient-derived 3D organoid lines furthermore allow the characterization of the “essentialome”, the specific set of genes required for survival of these cells, of an individual tumor, which could be monitored over the course of treatment and help understanding how drug resistance evolves in clinical tumors. Thus, we expect that these functional screens will enable the discovery of novel cancer-specific vulnerabilities, and through clinical validation, move the field of predictive biomarkers forward. This review focuses on novel advanced techniques to decipher the interplay between genetic alterations and drug response.
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Moore KN, Tritchler D, Kaufman KM, Lankes H, Quinn MCJ, Van Le L, Berchuck A, Backes FJ, Tewari KS, Lee RB, Kesterson JP, Wenham RM, Armstrong DK, Krivak TC, Bookman MA, Birrer MJ. Genome-wide association study evaluating single-nucleotide polymorphisms and outcomes in patients with advanced stage serous ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 147:396-401. [PMID: 28935272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced stage serous EOC. METHODS Patients enrolled in GOG-172 and 182 who provided specimens for translational research and consent were included. Germline DNA was evaluated with the Illumina's HumanOMNI1-Quad beadchips and scanned using Illumina's iScan optical imaging system. SNPs with allele frequency>0.05 and genotyping rate>0.98 were included. Analysis of SNPs for PFS and OS was done using Cox regression. Statistical significance was determined using Bonferroni corrected p-values with genomic control adjustment. RESULTS The initial GWAS analysis included 1,124,677 markers in 396 patients. To obtain the final data set, quality control checks were performed and limited to serous tumors and self-identified Caucasian race. In total 636,555 SNPs and 289 patients passed all the filters. The pre-specified statistical level of significance was 7.855e-08. No SNPs met this criteria for PFS or OS, however, two SNPs were close to significance (rs10899426 p-2.144e-08) (rs6256 p-9.774e-07) for PFS and 2 different SNPs were identified (rs295315 p-7.536e-07; rs17693104 p-7.734e-07) which were close to significance for OS. CONCLUSIONS Using the pre-specified level of significance of 1×10-08, we did not identify any SNPs of statistical significance for OS or PFS, however several were close. The SNP's identified in this GWAS study will require validation and these preliminary findings may lead to identification of novel pathways and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen N Moore
- Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - David Tritchler
- The Gynecologic Oncology Group Biostatistics Office, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kaufman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Heather Lankes
- Statistics and Data Management Center, NRG Oncology, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | | | - Linda Van Le
- UNC, Chapel Hill, Department of OB/GYN, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Duke University Medical Center, Room 25172, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Floor J Backes
- Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Hilliard, OH 43026, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Deborah K Armstrong
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, John Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Thomas C Krivak
- Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Michael A Bookman
- Gynecologic Oncology Research, US Oncology Research Arizona Oncology, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA.
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Gynecological Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pajic M, Blatter S, Guyader C, Gonggrijp M, Kersbergen A, Küçükosmanoğlu A, Sol W, Drost R, Jonkers J, Borst P, Rottenberg S. Selected Alkylating Agents Can Overcome Drug Tolerance of G 0-like Tumor Cells and Eradicate BRCA1-Deficient Mammary Tumors in Mice. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7020-7033. [PMID: 28821557 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to characterize and target drug-tolerant BRCA1-deficient tumor cells that cause residual disease and subsequent tumor relapse.Experimental Design: We studied responses to various mono- and bifunctional alkylating agents in a genetically engineered mouse model for BRCA1/p53-mutant breast cancer. Because of the large intragenic deletion of the Brca1 gene, no restoration of BRCA1 function is possible, and therefore, no BRCA1-dependent acquired resistance occurs. To characterize the cell-cycle stage from which Brca1-/-;p53-/- mammary tumors arise after cisplatin treatment, we introduced the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator (FUCCI) construct into the tumor cells.Results: Despite repeated sensitivity to the MTD of platinum drugs, the Brca1-mutated mammary tumors are not eradicated, not even by a frequent dosing schedule. We show that relapse comes from single-nucleated cells delaying entry into the S-phase. Such slowly cycling cells, which are present within the drug-naïve tumors, are enriched in tumor remnants. Using the FUCCI construct, we identified nonfluorescent G0-like cells as the population most tolerant to platinum drugs. Intriguingly, these cells are more sensitive to the DNA-crosslinking agent nimustine, resulting in an increased number of multinucleated cells that lack clonogenicity. This is consistent with our in vivo finding that the nimustine MTD, among several alkylating agents, is the most effective in eradicating Brca1-mutated mouse mammary tumors.Conclusions: Our data show that targeting G0-like cells is crucial for the eradication of BRCA1/p53-deficient tumor cells. This can be achieved with selected alkylating agents such as nimustine. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 7020-33. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pajic
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sohvi Blatter
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Guyader
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Gonggrijp
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ariena Kersbergen
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aslι Küçükosmanoğlu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy Sol
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rinske Drost
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Han XJ, Shi SL, Wei YF, Jiang LP, Guo MY, Wu HL, Wan YY. Involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in the antineoplastic activity of cisplatin in murine leukemia L1210 cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:985-992. [PMID: 28677814 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of hematopoietic stem cell malignant cloned disease with high mortality. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for leukemia. Similar to other chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin resistance has become a serious issue in cancer therapy. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the antineoplastic activity of cisplatin in murine leukemia L1210 cells. Firstly, the L1210 cell line resistant to cisplatin (L1210/DDP) was established. Compared to its parental cell line, the IC50 value of cisplatin in the L1210/DDP cells was increased 10-fold. Mitofusins (Mfn1 and Mfn2), mitochondrial outer membrane fusion proteins, were markedly upregulated in the L1210/DDP cells, whereas the expression of fission protein Drp1 and inner membrane fusion protein OPA1 were not significantly altered. In addition, mitofusins were also upregulated in the parental L1210 cells subjected to cisplatin stress. To investigate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the antineoplastic activity of cisplatin, the effect of mitochondrial division inhibitor (Mdivi)-1 on cisplatin‑induced cell death, caspase-3 cleavage and ROS production was examined in L1210 cells. We found that 5 µM of Mdivi-1 efficiently attenuated cisplatin-induced cell death, caspase activation and intracellular ROS increase in L1210 cells. Our data indicated that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in the antineoplastic activity of cisplatin, and mitofusin-mediated mitochondrial fusion may be involved in the process of cisplatin resistance in leukemia cells. Therefore, the present study revealed that mitochondrial dynamics may be a potential target used to improve the antineoplastic activity of cisplatin in leukemia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Han
- Department of Intra-Hospital Infection Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Lan Shi
- Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Fang Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Miao-Yu Guo
- Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Li Wu
- Department of Intra-Hospital Infection Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Wan
- Department of Intra-Hospital Infection Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Wohlkoenig C, Leithner K, Olschewski A, Olschewski H, Hrzenjak A. TR3 is involved in hypoxia-induced apoptosis resistance in lung cancer cells downstream of HIF-1α. Lung Cancer 2017; 111:15-22. [PMID: 28838387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Like in all solid tumors, hypoxia is common in lung cancer and contributes to apoptosis, and thus chemotherapy resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. TR3 (NR4A1, Nur77) is an orphan nuclear receptor that induces apoptosis and may mediate chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used A549, H23 and H1299 cell lines to investigate how TR3-mediated apoptosis is affected by hypoxia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Cell culture, western blot analysis, apoptosis assay, and siRNA-mediated gene silencing were performed in this study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The TR3 activator cytosporone B was used to investigate TR3-mediated apoptosis in NSCLC cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cytosporone B induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Chronic moderate hypoxia induced a significant down-regulation of TR3. Accordingly, the cytosporone B effect was reduced under these conditions. Hypoxia-induced down-regulation of TR3 was mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Our immunoblotting analysis and expression data from a public dataset suggest that TR3 is downregulated in NSCLC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that hypoxia-induced down-regulation of TR3 might play an important role for hypoxia-induced apoptosis resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wohlkoenig
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Katharina Leithner
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Andelko Hrzenjak
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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He L, Luo L, Zhu H, Yang H, Zhang Y, Wu H, Sun H, Jiang F, Kathera CS, Liu L, Zhuang Z, Chen H, Pan F, Hu Z, Zhang J, Guo Z. FEN1 promotes tumor progression and confers cisplatin resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:640-654. [PMID: 28371273 PMCID: PMC5467497 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The therapeutic effect of chemotherapy is limited due to the resistance of cancer cells, which remains a challenge in cancer therapeutics. In this work, we found that flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is overexpressed in lung cancer cells. FEN1 is a major component of the base excision repair pathway for DNA repair systems and plays important roles in maintaining genomic stability through DNA replication and repair. We showed that FEN1 is critical for the rapid proliferation of lung cancer cells. Suppression of FEN1 resulted in decreased DNA replication and accumulation of DNA damage, which subsequently induced apoptosis. Manipulating the amount of FEN1 altered the response of lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. A small‐molecule inhibitor (C20) was used to target FEN1 and this enhanced the therapeutic effect of cisplatin. The FEN1 inhibitor significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced DNA damage in lung cancer cells. In mouse models, the FEN1 inhibitor sensitized lung cancer cells to a DNA damage‐inducing agent and efficiently suppressed cancer progression in combination with cisplatin treatment. Our study suggests that targeting FEN1 may be a novel and efficient strategy for a tumor‐targeting therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Libo Luo
- Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Hongfang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chandra S Kathera
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziheng Zhuang
- Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
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Common Chemical Inductors of Replication Stress: Focus on Cell-Based Studies. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010019. [PMID: 28230817 PMCID: PMC5372731 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a highly demanding process regarding the energy and material supply and must be precisely regulated, involving multiple cellular feedbacks. The slowing down or stalling of DNA synthesis and/or replication forks is referred to as replication stress (RS). Owing to the complexity and requirements of replication, a plethora of factors may interfere and challenge the genome stability, cell survival or affect the whole organism. This review outlines chemical compounds that are known inducers of RS and commonly used in laboratory research. These compounds act on replication by direct interaction with DNA causing DNA crosslinks and bulky lesions (cisplatin), chemical interference with the metabolism of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (hydroxyurea), direct inhibition of the activity of replicative DNA polymerases (aphidicolin) and interference with enzymes dealing with topological DNA stress (camptothecin, etoposide). As a variety of mechanisms can induce RS, the responses of mammalian cells also vary. Here, we review the activity and mechanism of action of these compounds based on recent knowledge, accompanied by examples of induced phenotypes, cellular readouts and commonly used doses.
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Guamán-Ortiz LM, Orellana MIR, Ratovitski EA. Natural Compounds As Modulators of Non-apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:132-155. [PMID: 28367073 PMCID: PMC5345338 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803150639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is an innate capability of cells to be removed from microenvironment, if and when they are damaged by multiple stresses. Cell death is often regulated by multiple molecular pathways and mechanism, including apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. The molecular network underlying these processes is often intertwined and one pathway can dynamically shift to another one acquiring certain protein components, in particular upon treatment with various drugs. The strategy to treat human cancer ultimately relies on the ability of anticancer therapeutics to induce tumor-specific cell death, while leaving normal adjacent cells undamaged. However, tumor cells often develop the resistance to the drug-induced cell death, thus representing a great challenge for the anticancer approaches. Numerous compounds originated from the natural sources and biopharmaceutical industries are applied today in clinics showing advantageous results. However, some exhibit serious toxic side effects. Thus, novel effective therapeutic approaches in treating cancers are continued to be developed. Natural compounds with anticancer activity have gained a great interest among researchers and clinicians alike since they have shown more favorable safety and efficacy then the synthetic marketed drugs. Numerous studies in vitro and in vivo have found that several natural compounds display promising anticancer potentials. This review underlines certain information regarding the role of natural compounds from plants, microorganisms and sea life forms, which are able to induce non-apoptotic cell death in tumor cells, namely autophagy and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Guamán-Ortiz
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Ramirez Orellana
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward A Ratovitski
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kamatchi TS, Chitrapriya N, Ashok Kumar SL, Jung JY, Puschmann H, Fronczek FR, Natarajan K. The effect of incorporating carboxylic acid functionalities into 2,2′-bipyridine on the biological activity of the complexes formed: synthesis, structure, DNA/protein interaction, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of carboxylic acid group in the bipyridine moiety has resulted in showing differences in DNA/protein binding affinity, efficiency in antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jang Yoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry
- GRT Institute of Engineering Technology
- Tiruttani 631209
- India
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Yang H, Tang P, Tang B, Huang Y, Xiong X, Li H. Novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor veliparib: biophysical studies on its binding to calf thymus DNA. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Veliparib, an new anticancer drug in the class of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, intercalates partially and binds to ctDNA and induces moderate conformational perturbation of the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Peixiao Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xinnuo Xiong
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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45
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Hirshfield KM, Tolkunov D, Zhong H, Ali SM, Stein MN, Murphy S, Vig H, Vazquez A, Glod J, Moss RA, Belyi V, Chan CS, Chen S, Goodell L, Foran D, Yelensky R, Palma NA, Sun JX, Miller VA, Stephens PJ, Ross JS, Kaufman H, Poplin E, Mehnert J, Tan AR, Bertino JR, Aisner J, DiPaola RS, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Ganesan S. Clinical Actionability of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling for Management of Rare or Refractory Cancers. Oncologist 2016; 21:1315-1325. [PMID: 27566247 PMCID: PMC5189630 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency with which targeted tumor sequencing results will lead to implemented change in care is unclear. Prospective assessment of the feasibility and limitations of using genomic sequencing is critically important. METHODS A prospective clinical study was conducted on 100 patients with diverse-histology, rare, or poor-prognosis cancers to evaluate the clinical actionability of a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified, comprehensive genomic profiling assay (FoundationOne), using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors. The primary objectives were to assess utility, feasibility, and limitations of genomic sequencing for genomically guided therapy or other clinical purpose in the setting of a multidisciplinary molecular tumor board. RESULTS Of the tumors from the 92 patients with sufficient tissue, 88 (96%) had at least one genomic alteration (average 3.6, range 0-10). Commonly altered pathways included p53 (46%), RAS/RAF/MAPK (rat sarcoma; rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; mitogen-activated protein kinase) (45%), receptor tyrosine kinases/ligand (44%), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase; protein kinase B; mammalian target of rapamycin) (35%), transcription factors/regulators (31%), and cell cycle regulators (30%). Many low frequency but potentially actionable alterations were identified in diverse histologies. Use of comprehensive profiling led to implementable clinical action in 35% of tumors with genomic alterations, including genomically guided therapy, diagnostic modification, and trigger for germline genetic testing. CONCLUSION Use of targeted next-generation sequencing in the setting of an institutional molecular tumor board led to implementable clinical action in more than one third of patients with rare and poor-prognosis cancers. Major barriers to implementation of genomically guided therapy were clinical status of the patient and drug access. Early and serial sequencing in the clinical course and expanded access to genomically guided early-phase clinical trials and targeted agents may increase actionability. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Identification of key factors that facilitate use of genomic tumor testing results and implementation of genomically guided therapy may lead to enhanced benefit for patients with rare or difficult to treat cancers. Clinical use of a targeted next-generation sequencing assay in the setting of an institutional molecular tumor board led to implementable clinical action in over one third of patients with rare and poor prognosis cancers. The major barriers to implementation of genomically guided therapy were clinical status of the patient and drug access both on trial and off label. Approaches to increase actionability include early and serial sequencing in the clinical course and expanded access to genomically guided early phase clinical trials and targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Hirshfield
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Denis Tolkunov
- Department of Clinical Informatics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark N Stein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Susan Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hetal Vig
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexei Vazquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Glod
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rebecca A Moss
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vladimir Belyi
- Department of Clinical Informatics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chang S Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Suzie Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lauri Goodell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - David Foran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - James X Sun
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Howard Kaufman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth Poplin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Janice Mehnert
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Antoinette R Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph R Bertino
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Aisner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert S DiPaola
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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46
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Wang J, Wang T, Xu J, Chen W, Shi W, Cheng J, Liu P, Zhou X. Prognostic significance of X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 expression in gastric cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:355-61. [PMID: 27478321 PMCID: PMC4949281 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.03.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to identify the prognostic significance of X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) in patients with gastric cancer undergoing surgery and platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate XRCC1 protein expression profiles on surgical specimens of 612 gastric cancer patients. The relationship between XRCC1 expression and existing prognostic factors, platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results Among 612 patients staged Ⅱ/Ⅲ in our study, 182 (29.74%) were evaluated as XRCC1 IHC positive. XRCC1 expression was not significantly related to OS (P = 0.347) or DFS (P = 0.297). Compared with surgery only, platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved the OS (P = 0.031). And the patients with negative XRCC1 expression benefited more from platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.049). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size, T category, N category, vascular or nerve invasion and platinum-based chemotherapy were good prognostic factors for OS (P < 0.05). Though XRCC1 plays an important role in DNA repair pathways, no significant relationship is found in XRCC1 expression and OS among gastric cancer in our study.
Conclusions XRCC1 might be an alternative prognostic marker for the patients of gastric cancer after radical resection. The patients with negative XRCC1 expression can benefit more from platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - WenJiao Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianfeng Cheng
- Carolinas Medical Center, University of North Carolina Charlotte Campus, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Carolinas Medical Center, University of North Carolina Charlotte Campus, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Xiqiao Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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47
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Grabner S, Modec B, Bukovec N, Bukovec P, Čemažar M, Kranjc S, Serša G, Sčančar J. Cytotoxic trans-platinum(II) complex with 3-hydroxymethylpyridine: Synthesis, X-ray structure and biological activity evaluation. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 161:40-51. [PMID: 27189143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential cytostatic properties of Pt(II) complexes with 3-hydroxymethylpyridine (3-hmpy) as the only carrier ligand, novel cis-[PtCl2(3-hmpy)2] (1) and trans-[PtCl2(3-hmpy)2] (2) have been prepared. Elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography were used to determine their structures. Based on the results obtained with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and clonogenic assay on T24 human bladder carcinoma cells (T24), the most potent compound 2 was further tested for cytotoxicity in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines - cisplatin sensitive (IGROV 1) and its resistant subclone (IGROV 1/RDDP). The cytotoxicity of compound 2 in IGROV 1/RDDP is comparable to cisplatin. Furthermore, compound 2 induced severe conformational changes in plasmid DNA, which resulted in a delayed onset of apoptosis in T24 cells, and higher amounts of Pt in tumours and serum compared to cisplatin. In addition, in vivo antitumour effectiveness was comparable to that of cisplatin with a smaller reduction of animals' body weight, thus demonstrating that it is a promising transplatin analogue which deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Grabner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Barbara Modec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Bukovec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Bukovec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Čemažar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kranjc
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Serša
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Sčančar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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48
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Bellagamba BC, Abreu BRRD, Grivicich I, Markarian CF, Chem E, Camassola M, Nardi NB, Dihl RR. Human mesenchymal stem cells are resistant to cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cisplatin in vitro. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:129-34. [PMID: 27007906 PMCID: PMC4807379 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their important properties involving multilineage differentiation potential., trophic factor secretion and localization along various organs and tissues. On the dark side, MSCs play a distinguished role in tumor microenvironments by differentiating into tumor-associated fibroblasts or supporting tumor growth via distinct mechanisms. Cisplatin (CIS) is a drug widely applied in the treatment of a large number of cancers and is known for its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, both in vitro and in vivo. Here we assessed the effects of CIS on MSCs and the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3, by MTT and comet assays. Our results demonstrated the resistance of MSCs to cell death and DNA damage induction by CIS, which was not observed when OVCAR-3 cells were exposed to this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Chem
- Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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49
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The acetyltransferase Tip60 contributes to mammary tumorigenesis by modulating DNA repair. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1198-208. [PMID: 26915295 PMCID: PMC4946888 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The acetyltransferase Tip60/Kat5 acetylates both histone and non-histone proteins, and is involved in a variety of biological processes. By acetylating p53, Tip60 controls p53-dependent transcriptional activity and so is implicated as a tumor suppressor. However, many breast cancers with low Tip60 also show p53 mutation, implying that Tip60 has a tumor suppressor function independent of its acetylation of p53. Here, we show in a p53-null mouse model of sporadic invasive breast adenocarcinoma that heterozygosity for Tip60 deletion promotes mammary tumorigenesis. Low Tip60 reduces DNA repair in normal and tumor mammary epithelial cells, both under resting conditions and following genotoxic stress. We demonstrate that Tip60 controls homologous recombination (HR)-directed DNA repair, and that Tip60 levels correlate inversely with a gene expression signature associated with defective HR-directed DNA repair. In human breast cancer data sets, Tip60 mRNA is downregulated, with low Tip60 levels correlating with p53 mutations in basal-like breast cancers. Our findings indicate that Tip60 is a novel breast tumor suppressor gene whose loss results in genomic instability leading to cancer formation.
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50
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Kim SH, Ho JN, Jin H, Lee SC, Lee SE, Hong SK, Lee JW, Lee ES, Byun SS. Upregulated expression of BCL2, MCM7, and CCNE1 indicate cisplatin-resistance in the set of two human bladder cancer cell lines: T24 cisplatin sensitive and T24R2 cisplatin resistant bladder cancer cell lines. Investig Clin Urol 2016; 57:63-72. [PMID: 26966728 PMCID: PMC4778756 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2016.57.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The mechanism of resistance to cisplatin during treatment of bladder cancer (BC) has been a subject of intense investigation in clinical research. This study aims to identify candidate genes associated with resistance to cisplatin, in order to understand the resistance mechanism of BC cells to the drug, by combining the use of microarray profiling, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analyses. Materials and Methods The cisplatin sensitive human BC cell line (T24) and the cisplatin resistant BC cell line, T24R2, were used for microarray analysis to determine the differential expression of genes that are significant in cisplatin resistance. Candidate upregulated genes belonging to three well-known cancer-related KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways (p53 tumor suppressor, apoptosis, and cell cycle) were selected from the microarray data. These candidate genes, differentially expressed in T24 and T24R2, were then confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. A fold change ≥2 with a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 18 significantly upregulated genes were detected in the three selected cancer-related pathways in both microarray and RT-PCR analyses. These genes were PRKAR2A, PRKAR2B, CYCS, BCL2, BIRC3, DFFB, CASP6, CDK6, CCNE1, STEAP3, MCM7, ORC2, ORC5, ANAPC1, and ANAPC7, CDC7, CDC27, and SKP1. Western blot analyses also confirmed the upregulation of BCL2, MCM7, and CCNE1 at the protein level, indicating their crucial association with cisplatin resistance. Conclusions The BCL2, MCM7, and CCNE1 genes might play distinctive roles in cisplatin resistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin-Nyoung Ho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.; Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Jin
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.; Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sik Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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