1
|
Rajan PK, Harihar S, Dunna NR, Kumar A, Prabakaran NN, Venkatabalasubramanian S. Methyl gallic acid entrapped ethosomal nano-vesicular system augments cytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:229. [PMID: 37309404 PMCID: PMC10257610 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylated gallic acid (MGA) is a potent anticancer biomolecular entity (BME). Loading MGA into a nano-vesicular (NV) drug delivery system using nanotechnology approaches can increase the efficiency of the drug and its release characteristics. This study aimed to develop an ethosomal nano-vesicular (ENV) system loaded with MGA that shows augmented entrapment efficiency, release rate, and cytotoxic potential against oral cancer. The ENV system was synthesized using Soy lecithin, ethanol, and propylene glycol. The ENV system's characterization (DLS, Zeta potential, TEM, FT-IR) with and without MGA was performed. The cytotoxicity evaluation of MGA alone compared to the MGA-loaded ENV system was performed against the squamous cell carcinoma-9 (SCC-9) cell line. The DLS and zeta potential analysis revealed the size of the ENV system as 58.2 nm and-43.5 mV charge, respectively. MGA loading to ENV system increased size to 63 nm and decreased charge to -2.8 mV. Peaks of FTIR analysis confirmed the encapsulation of MGA in the ENV system. TEM studies revealed the spherical surface morphology of the MGA-loaded ENV system. Compared with conventional MGA alone administration, ENV loaded with MGA showed better drug absorption and bioavailability in vitro. Furthermore, the entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity results firmly establish the improved therapeutic potential of ENV loaded with MGA against oral cancer cells than MGA alone. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03652-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prajitha K. Rajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sitaram Harihar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nageswara Rao Dunna
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA—Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401 India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462026 India
| | - Naresh Narayanan Prabakaran
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203 Tamil Nadu India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajan PK, Dunna NR, Venkatabalasubramanian S. A comprehensive overview on the anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and ferroptosis functions of bromelain: an emerging cysteine protease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:615-625. [PMID: 35176951 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2042250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bromelain belongs to the cysteine protease endopeptidase class of enzymes isolated from the stem and fruit tissue component of Ananas comosus. The commercial and translational therapeutic potential of bromelain is ever increasing due to its augmented stability, easier purification, and salubrious pan-cancer effects. AREAS COVERED This paper presents the current state of knowledge about the isolation methods of bromelain, its safety, efficacy and tolerability. In addition, bromelains<apos;> role in eliciting pharmacological effects and its healing ability to mitigate cancer side effects based on accumulated in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence is relatively considerable. EXPERT OPINION Identification of molecular targets and crucial signalling pathways that bromelain regulates suggest it genuinely prospects for combating cancer and mitigation of chemotherapy or radiotherapy mediated side effects. Further research on the development of bromelain-entrapped drug delivery systems for augmented enzyme stability, processing ability and translational potential against cancer can be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prajitha K Rajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Dunna
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA - Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Venkatabalasubramanian
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rajagopal T, Seshachalam A, Rathnam KK, Talluri S, Venkatabalasubramanian S, Dunna NR. Homologous recombination DNA repair gene RAD51, XRCC2 & XRCC3 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in South Indian women. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259761. [PMID: 35061678 PMCID: PMC8782413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Homologous recombination repair (HRR) accurately repairs the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and is crucial for genome stability. Genetic polymorphisms in crucial HRR pathway genes might affect genome stability and promote tumorigenesis. Up to our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the impact of HRR gene polymorphisms on BC development in South Indian women. The present population-based case-control study investigated the association of polymorphisms in three key HRR genes (XRCC2-Arg188His, XRCC3-Thr241Met and RAD51-G135C) with BC risk. Materials and methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used for genotyping the HRR variants in 491 BC cases and 493 healthy women. Results We observed that the XRCC3 Met allele was significantly associated with BC risk [OR:1.27 (95% CI: 1.02–1.60); p = 0.035]. In addition, the homozygous mutant (C/C) genotype of RAD51 G135C variant conferred 2.19 fold elevated risk of BC [OR: 2.19 (95% CI: 1.06–4.54); p = 0.034]. Stratified analysis of HRR variants and BC clinicopathological features revealed that the XRCC3-Thr241Met and RAD51-G135C variants are associated with BC progression. Combined SNP analysis revealed that the individuals with RAD51-C/C, XRCC2-Arg/Arg, and XRCC3-Thr/Thr genotype combination have three-fold increased BC risk. Conclusion The present study imparts additional evidence that genetic variants in crucial HRR pathway genes might play a pivotal role in modulating BC risk in South Indian women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Rajagopal
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA–Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Arun Seshachalam
- Department of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, Dr.G.V.N Cancer Institute, Singarathope, Trichy, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Rathnam
- Department of Hemato Oncology–Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Meenakshi Mission Hospital & Research Centre, Madurai, India
| | - Srikanth Talluri
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Nageswara Rao Dunna
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA–Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Solairaja S, Ramalingam S, Dunna NR, Venkatabalasubramanian S. Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 and Its Accomplice: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Lung Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:601-611. [PMID: 34847852 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666211130145542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is a trans-membrane evolutionarily conserved protein with a cytochrome b5 like heme/steroid binding domain. PGRMC1 clinical levels are strongly suggested to correlate with poor patient survival and lung cancer prognosis. PGRMC1 has been reported to possess pleiotropic functions, such as participating in cellular and membrane trafficking, steroid hormone signaling, cholesterol metabolism and steroidogenesis, glycolysis and mitochondrial energy metabolism, heme transport and homeostasis, neuronal movement and synaptic function, autophagy, anti-apoptosis, stem cell survival and the list is still expanding. PGRMC1 mediates its pleiotropic functions through its ability to interact with multiple binding partners, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage activating protein (SCAP), insulin induced gene-1 protein (Insig-1), heme binding proteins (hepcidin, ferrochelatase and cyp450 members), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 RNA binding protein (PAIR-BP1). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PGRMC1 and its associated pleiotropic functions that are indispensable for lung cancer promotion and progression, suggesting it as a prospective therapeutic target for intervention. Notably, we have compiled and reported various preclinical studies wherein prospective agonists and antagonists had been tested against PGRMC1 expressing cancer cell lines, suggesting it as a prospective therapeutic target for cancer intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solaipriya Solairaja
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai-603203. India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai-603203. India
| | - Nageswara Rao Dunna
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA - Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401. India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Venkatasubramanian A, Thiyagaraj A, Subbiah V, Solairaja S, Arumugam S, Ramalingam S, Venkatabalasubramanian S. Ameliorative role of ellagic acid against acute liver steatosis in adult zebrafish experimental model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 247:109061. [PMID: 33901636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as hepatic steatosis, is highly prevalent in developed countries despite advancements in clinical modalities. Therefore, there is a need for identifying the bioactive molecular entity (BME) that can therapeutically intervene with liver steatosis progression. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of one such BME - ellagic acid (EA) to ascertain its molecular therapeutic potential against iodoacetamide (IAA) mediated liver steatosis in an adult zebrafish model. Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis by IAA and its amelioration by EA was examined by histological staining and biochemical analysis in the adult zebrafish model. Furthermore, the gene expression analysis of 3-hydroxy methyl glutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase, fatty acid synthase and sterol receptor binding protein-1c in IAA mediated liver steatosis and its regulation by EA was also studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Concurrently, the drug likeliness and pharmacokinetic properties of EA in comparison to Simvastatin (SIM) were analysed computationally by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analysis. Also, the atomic level interactions of HMG-CoA reductase binding pocket with EA in comparison to SIM were examined by the molecular docking approach to ascertain their comparative binding energy (ΔG) and binding pose. Molecular docking revealed prominent hotspot residues (Gly 765, Gln 766, Asp 767, Gly 808) key to both EA and SIM interaction. All the above results revealed that the experimental observations wherein good agreement with the computational analysis substantiating the promising therapeutic potential of EA against IAA mediated liver steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Thiyagaraj
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vairamuthu Subbiah
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600007, India
| | - Solaipriya Solairaja
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangaran Arumugam
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600007, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Panicker S, Venkatabalasubramanian S, Pathak S, Ramalingam S. The impact of fusion genes on cancer stem cells and drug resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3771-3783. [PMID: 34095988 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With ever increasing evidences on the role of fusion genes as the oncogenic protagonists in myriad cancers, it's time to explore if fusion genes can be the next generational drug targets in meeting the current demands of higher drug efficacy. Eliminating cancer stem cells (CSC) has become the current focus; however, we have reached a standstill in drug development owing to the lack of effective strategies to eradicate CSC. We believe that fusion genes could be the novel targets to overcome this limitation. The intriguing feature of fusion genes is that it dominantly impacts every aspect of CSC including self-renewal, differentiation, lineage commitment, tumorigenicity and stemness. Given the clinical success of fusion gene-based drugs in hematological cancers, our attempt to target fusion genes in eradicating CSC can be rewarding. As fusion genes are expressed explicitly in cancer cells, eradicating CSC by targeting fusion genes provides yet an another advantage of negligible patient side effects since normal cells remain unaffected by the drug. We hereby delineate the latest evidences on how fusion genes regulate CSC and drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Panicker
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rajagopal T, Seshachalam A, Rathnam KK, Jothi A, Talluri S, Venkatabalasubramanian S, Dunna NR. Impact of xenobiotic-metabolizing gene polymorphisms on breast cancer risk in South Indian women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:823-837. [PMID: 33392841 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional variants of the xenobiotic-metabolizing genes (XMG) might modulate breast cancer (BC) risk by altering the rate of metabolism and clearance of myriad types of potent carcinogens from the breast tissue. Despite mounting evidence on the role of XMG variants on BC risk, the current knowledge regarding their influence on BC development is still fragmentary. METHODS The present study examined the candidate genetic variants in CYP1A1, NQO1, GST-T1, GST-M1, and GST-P1 in 1002 subjects (502 BC patients and 500 disease-free women). PCR-RFLP was employed to genotype the mono-nucleotide variation in CYP1A1, NQO1, and GST-P1, and allele-specific PCR was used to detect the deletion polymorphism in GST-T1 and GST-M1 genes. RESULTS Regarding CYP1A1-M1 polymorphism, the heterozygous TC and mutant CC genotype conferred 1.47-fold (95% CI 1.13-1.91, p = 0.004) and 1.84-fold (95% CI 1.17-2.91, p = 0.009) elevated risk of BC. GST-T1 null genotype was associated with increased BC risk (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.02-2.11, p = 0.037). For the NQO1 C609T variant, the mutant T allele was associated with BC risk with an odds ratio of 1.22 (95% CI 1.02-1.48, p = 0.034). Combinatorial analysis indicated that the presence of NQO1*2 (CT), CYP1A1-M1 (CC), and GST-P1 rs1695 (AG) genotypes conferred 16.7-fold elevated risk of BC (95% CI 3.65-76.85; p < 0.001). Moreover, GST-M1 null genotype was associated with the development of larger primary breast tumors. CONCLUSION Xenobiotic-metabolizing gene polymorphisms may play a crucial role in mammary carcinogenesis in South Indian women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Rajagopal
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA - Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India
| | - Arun Seshachalam
- Department of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, Dr.G.V.N Cancer Institute, Singarathope, Trichy, 620 008, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Rathnam
- Department of Hemato Oncology - Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Meenakshi Mission Hospital & Research Centre, Madurai, 625 107, India
| | - Arunachalam Jothi
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA - Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India
| | - Srikanth Talluri
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Venkatabalasubramanian
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Dunna
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA - Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ravindran ASK, Venkatabalasubramanian S, Manickam R, Anusuyadevi M, K Swaminathan J. Plausible computational insights and new atomic-level perspective of epicathechin gallate from Crataegus oxycantha extract in preventing caspase 3 activation in conditions like post-myocardial infarction. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3400-3415. [PMID: 33200674 PMCID: PMC8692457 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1847196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality among the human species, however the non-existence of successful therapies to curtail the effect of Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a disquieting reality. Even though successful herbal formulations using Crataegus oxycantha (COC) is available, however, it is not recognized as an alternative medicine due to the lack of explanation on the molecular mechanism of COC extract on CVD conditions. In vivo studies revealed that COC extract significantly prevented caspase activation in conditions like post-MI; however, the role of a specific secondary metabolite that could be involved in this action is under quest. The present study, therefore, aims at predicting the plausible mechanism of action of key secondary metabolite in COC extract on apoptotic executioner caspase - caspase 3 during MI through in silico tools. The protein-protein interaction network, QikProp, and molecular docking studies were performed to identify the lead compound that revealed Epicatechin Gallate (ECG) of COC as an effective inhibitor against candidate MI/apoptosis mediator - caspase 3. The docked complex was further taken for molecular dynamics simulation, which was achieved through Desmond. Molecular dynamics further confirmed the stability of the binding interactions between the docked complex. The overall in silico results proved that ECG could prevent the dissociation of cleaved caspases, which is essential for their activation. Computational observations were strongly supported by experimental evidence obtained from in vivo studies in the MI-model system. From the above observations, it was concluded that computational analysis was in good agreement with the experimental analysis on ECG's potential to prevent caspase 3 activation during MI. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arul Salomee Kamalabai Ravindran
- Drug discovery and Molecular Cardiology lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Ranjani Manickam
- SRM-DBT Platform for Advanced Life Science Technologies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, KTR Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- Molecular Gerontology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Jayachandran K Swaminathan
- Drug discovery and Molecular Cardiology lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.,Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sampath SS, Venkatabalasubramanian S, Ramalingam S. Role of MicroRNAs in the Progression and Metastasis of Colon Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:35-46. [PMID: 32842949 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200825184924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by binding to the mRNA of their target genes. The dysfunction of miRNAs is strongly associated with the inflammation of the colon. Besides, some microRNAs are shown to suppress tumours, while others promote tumour progression and metastasis. Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis, which increase the risk factor for inflammation-associated colon cancer. MicroRNAs are shown to be involved in gastrointestinal pathologies by targeting the transcripts encoding proteins of the intestinal barrier and their regulators that are associated with inflammation and colon cancer. Detection of these microRNAs in the blood, serum, tissues, faecal matter, etc, will enable us to use these microRNAs as biomarkers for early detection of the associated malignancies and design novel therapeutic strategies to overcome the same. Information on MicroRNAs can be applied for the development of targeted therapies against inflammation-mediated colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Sanjitha Sampath
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Venkatabalasubramanian
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Solairaja S, Andrabi MQ, Dunna NR, Venkatabalasubramanian S. Overview of Morin and Its Complementary Role as an Adjuvant for Anticancer Agents. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:927-942. [PMID: 32530303 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1778747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Global cancer incidence and mortality data released by the World Health Organization proposes that out of 18.1 million new cancer cases diagnosed, 9.8 million deaths occurred globally in 2018. Cancer is one of the major health burdens among non-communicable diseases globally responsible for impeding life expectancy in the present century. Disrupting hallmarks of cancer (such as prolonged inflammation, increased growth signal, tissue invasion and metastasis, unlimited proliferation and evasion of apoptosis) with dietary agents is of considerable focus for cancer prevention and therapy. In the last decade, a significant contribution has been provided in finding many plant-derived natural agents that can be identified as promising molecular cancer therapeutics. Our focus in this review is on one such natural dietary agent, Morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone): a bioflavonoid. Morin exerts strong pharmacological properties against a multitude of cancer (liver cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, prostate, and colon cancer). Recent progress has also been made in examining the potential of morin as a natural dietary agent for fostering the pharmacological effects of other well-known anticancer agents. This review provides an overview of morin and its derivatives in combination with anticancer agents for cancer prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solaipriya Solairaja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Qasim Andrabi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Dunna
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chavali PL, Saini RKR, Zhai Q, Vizlin-Hodzic D, Venkatabalasubramanian S, Hayashi A, Johansson E, Zeng ZJ, Mohlin S, Påhlman S, Hansford L, Kaplan DR, Funa K. TLX activates MMP-2, promotes self-renewal of tumor spheres in neuroblastoma and correlates with poor patient survival. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1502. [PMID: 25356871 PMCID: PMC4237266 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear orphan receptor TLX (Drosophilatailless homolog) is essential for the maintenance of neural stem/progenitor cell self-renewal, but its role in neuroblastoma (NB) is not well understood. Here, we show that TLX is essential for the formation of tumor spheres in three different NB cell lines, when grown in neural stem cell media. We demonstrate that the knock down of TLX in IMR-32 cells diminishes its tumor sphere-forming capacity. In tumor spheres, TLX is coexpressed with the neural progenitor markers Nestin, CD133 and Oct-4. In addition, TLX is coexpressed with the migratory neural progenitor markers CD15 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in xenografts of primary NB cells from patients. Subsequently, we show the effect of TLX on the proliferative, invasive and migratory properties of IMR-32 cells. We attribute this to the recruitment of TLX to both MMP-2 and Oct-4 gene promoters, which resulted in the respective gene activation. In support of our findings, we found that TLX expression was high in NB patient tissues when compared with normal peripheral nervous system tissues. Further, the Kaplan–Meier estimator indicated a negative correlation between TLX expression and survival in 88 NB patients. Therefore, our results point at TLX being a crucial player in progression of NB, by promoting self-renewal of NB tumor-initiating cells and altering their migratory and invasive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P L Chavali
- 1] Sahlgrenska Cancer Center at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg SE 40530, Sweden [2] Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - R K R Saini
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg SE 40530, Sweden
| | - Q Zhai
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg SE 40530, Sweden
| | - D Vizlin-Hodzic
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg SE 40530, Sweden
| | - S Venkatabalasubramanian
- 1] Sahlgrenska Cancer Center at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg SE 40530, Sweden [2] School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - A Hayashi
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg SE 40530, Sweden
| | - E Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg SE 40530, Sweden
| | - Z-j Zeng
- 1] Sahlgrenska Cancer Center at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg SE 40530, Sweden [2] Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - S Mohlin
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE 20502, Sweden
| | - S Påhlman
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE 20502, Sweden
| | - L Hansford
- 1] Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8 [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - D R Kaplan
- 1] Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8 [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - K Funa
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg SE 40530, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shilpa PN, Venkatabalasubramanian S, Devaraj SN. Ameliorative effect of methanol extract of Rubia cordifolia in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharm Biol 2012; 50:376-383. [PMID: 22133091 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.608073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rubia cordifolia Linn. (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal plant used in the ayurvedic system of medicine. It is also known as Indian Madder or Manjistha and is traditionally used as an antiinflammatory, antiseptic, and galactopurifier, but its anticancer propertis are yet not known. OBJECTIVE The ameliorative effect of the Rubia cordifolia methanol extract on N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced experimental hepatocellular carcinogenesis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Changes in liver weight, serum markers of liver damage, hydroxyl radicals, lipid peroxidation, levels of enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants; mitochondrial and respiratory chain enzymes were also investigated using various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies. Male albino rats of Wistar strain were divided into four groups for a study period of 3 months. Animals of group I and group IV served as control and drug control, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced in animals of groups II and III with 0.02% N-nitrosodiethylamine. RESULTS Upon Rubia cordifolia methanol extract co-treatment (250, 500, and 750 mg/kg bodyweight) in group III alone levels of serum marker enzymes and antioxidants increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of hydroxyl radicals and lipid peroxidation decreased. Mitochondrial enzymes and respiratory chain enzymes, which were decreased in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced rats, increased significantly in RC treated rats. Further histological analysis of liver confirmed the prevention of pathological changes caused by N-nitrosodiethylamine on Rubia cordifolia supplementation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that Rubia cordifolia can be a source of potent antioxidants for treatment of diseases such as cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P N Shilpa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|