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Wong HN, Chen T, Wang PJ, Holzman LB. ARF6, a component of intercellular bridges, is essential for spermatogenesis in mice. Dev Biol 2024; 508:46-63. [PMID: 38242343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Male germ cells are connected by intercellular bridges (ICBs) in a syncytium due to incomplete cytokinesis. Syncytium is thought to be important for synchronized germ cell development by interchange of cytoplasmic factors via ICBs. Mammalian ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is a small GTPase that is involved in many cellular mechanisms including but not limited to regulating cellular structure, motility, vesicle trafficking and cytokinesis. ARF6 localizes to ICBs in spermatogonia and spermatocytes in mice. Here we report that mice with global depletion of ARF6 in adulthood using Ubc-CreERT2 display no observable phenotypes but are male sterile. ARF6-deficient males display a progressive loss of germ cells, including LIN28A-expressing spermatogonia, and ultimately develop Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. Specifically, intercellular bridges are lost in ARF6-deficient testis. Furthermore, germ cell-specific inactivation using the Ddx4-CreERT2 results in the same testicular morphological phenotype, showing the germ cell-intrinsic requirement of ARF6. Therefore, ARF6 is essential for spermatogenesis in mice and this function is conserved from Drosophila to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetty N Wong
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tingfang Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - P Jeremy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence B Holzman
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Sar1 Interacts with Sec23/Sec24 and Sec13/Sec31 Complexes: Insight into Its Involvement in the Assembly of Coat Protein Complex II in the Microsporidian Nosema bombycis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0071922. [PMID: 36301095 PMCID: PMC9769691 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00719-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia, as unicellular eukaryotes, also have an endomembrane system for transporting proteins, which is essentially similar to those of other eukaryotes. In eukaryotes, coat protein complex II (COPII) consists of Sar1, Sec23, Sec24, Sec13, and Sec31 and mediates protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. Sar1 is the central player in the regulation of coat protein complex II vesicle formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study, we successfully cloned the NbSar1, NbSec23-1, NbSec23-2, NbSec24-1, NbSec24-2, NbSec13, NbSec31-1, and NbSec31-2 genes and prepared NbSar1 polyclonal antibody. We found that NbSar1 was localized mainly in the perinuclear cytoplasm of Nosema bombycis by immunofluorescence analysis (IFA). Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that NbSar1 interacts with NbSec23-2, NbSec23-2 interacts with NbSec24-1 or NbSec24-2, NbSec23-1 interacts with NbSec31, and NbSec31 interacts with NbSec13. Moreover, the silencing of NbSar1 by RNA interference resulted in the aberrant expression of NbSar1, NbSec23-1, NbSec24-1, NbSec24-2, NbSec13, NbSec31-1, and NbSec31-2 and significantly inhibited the proliferation of N. bombycis. Altogether, these findings indicated that the subunits of coat protein complex II work together to perform functions in the proliferation of N. bombycis and that NbSar1 may play a crucial role in coat protein complex II vesicle formation. IMPORTANCE As eukaryotes, microsporidia have retained the endomembrane system for transporting and sorting proteins throughout their evolution. Whether the microsporidia form coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles to transport cargo proteins and whether they play other roles besides cargo transport are not fully explained at present. Our results showed that NbSar1, NbSec23-1/NbSec23-2, NbSec24-1/NbSec24-2, NbSec13, and NbSec31 might be assembled to form COPII in the ER of N. bombycis, and the functions of COPII are also closely related to the proliferation of N. bombycis, this may be a new target for the prevention of pébrine disease of the silkworm.
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Solomatina A, Cezanne A, Kalaidzidis Y, Zerial M, Sbalzarini IF. Design centering enables robustness screening of pattern formation models. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:ii134-ii140. [PMID: 36124805 PMCID: PMC9486588 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Access to unprecedented amounts of quantitative biological data allows us to build and test biochemically accurate reaction-diffusion models of intracellular processes. However, any increase in model complexity increases the number of unknown parameters and, thus, the computational cost of model analysis. To efficiently characterize the behavior and robustness of models with many unknown parameters remains, therefore, a key challenge in systems biology. RESULTS We propose a novel computational framework for efficient high-dimensional parameter space characterization of reaction-diffusion models in systems biology. The method leverages the Lp-Adaptation algorithm, an adaptive-proposal statistical method for approximate design centering and robustness estimation. Our approach is based on an oracle function, which predicts for any given point in parameter space whether the model fulfills given specifications. We propose specific oracles to efficiently predict four characteristics of Turing-type reaction-diffusion models: bistability, instability, capability of spontaneous pattern formation and capability of pattern maintenance. We benchmark the method and demonstrate that it enables global exploration of a model's ability to undergo pattern-forming instabilities and to quantify robustness for model selection in polynomial time with dimensionality. We present an application of the framework to pattern formation on the endosomal membrane by the small GTPase Rab5 and its effectors, and we propose molecular mechanisms underlying this system. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Our code is implemented in MATLAB and is available as open source under https://git.mpi-cbg.de/mosaic/software/black-box-optimization/rd-parameter-space-screening. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Solomatina
- Faculty of Computer Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01187, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden D-01307, Germany,Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Alice Cezanne
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Yannis Kalaidzidis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden D-01307, Germany,Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany,Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden D-01187, Germany
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The Arf-GAP Proteins AoGcs1 and AoGts1 Regulate Mycelial Development, Endocytosis, and Pathogenicity in Arthrobotrys oligospora. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050463. [PMID: 35628718 PMCID: PMC9146637 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases from the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family and their activating proteins (Arf-GAPs) regulate mycelial development, endocytosis, and virulence in fungi. Here, we identified two orthologous Arf-GAP proteins, AoGcs1 and AoGts1, in a typical nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. The transcription of Aogcs1 and Aogts1 was highly expressed in the sporulation stage. The deletion of Aogcs1 and Aogts1 caused defects in DNA damage, endocytosis, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, lipid droplet storage, mitochondrial activity, autophagy, serine protease activity, and the response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. The combined effects resulted in slow growth, decreased sporulation capacity, increased susceptibility to chemical stressors and heat shock, and decreased pathogenicity of the mutants compared with the wild-type (WT) strain. Although deletion of Aogcs1 and Aogts1 produced similar phenotfypic traits, their roles varied in conidiation and proteolytic activity. The ΔAogts1 mutant showed a remarkable reduction in conidial yield compared with the WT strain but not in proteolytic activity; in contrast, the ΔAogcs1 mutant showed an increase in proteolytic activity but not in sporulation. In addition, the growth of ΔAogcs1 and ΔAogts1 mutants was promoted by rapamycin, and the ΔAogts1 mutant was sensitive to H-89. Collectively, the ΔAogts1 mutant showed a more remarkable difference compared with the WT strain than the ΔAogcs1 mutant. Our study further illustrates the importance of Arf-GAPs in the growth, development, and pathogenicity of nematode-trapping fungi.
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Tebaldi G, Pritchard SM, Nicola AV. Herpes Simplex Virus Entry by a Nonconventional Endocytic Pathway. J Virol 2020; 94:e01910-20. [PMID: 33028710 PMCID: PMC7925185 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01910-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. HSV-1 enters epithelial cells via an endocytosis mechanism that is low-pH dependent. However, the precise intracellular pathway has not been identified, including the compartment where fusion occurs. In this study, we utilized a combination of molecular and pharmacological approaches to better characterize HSV entry by endocytosis. HSV-1 entry was unaltered in both cells treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to Rab5 or Rab7 and cells expressing dominant negative forms of these GTPases, suggesting entry is independent of the conventional endo-lysosomal network. The fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA) and the quinoline compound Golgicide A (GCA) inhibited HSV-1 entry via beta-galactosidase reporter assay and impaired incoming virus transport to the nuclear periphery, suggesting a role for trans-Golgi network (TGN) functions and retrograde transport in HSV entry. Silencing of Rab9 or Rab11 GTPases, which are involved in the retrograde transport pathway, resulted in only a slight reduction in HSV infection. Together, these results suggest that HSV enters host cells by an intracellular route independent of the lysosome-terminal endocytic pathway.IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), the prototype alphaherpesvirus, is ubiquitous in the human population and causes lifelong infection that can be fatal in neonatal and immunocompromised individuals. HSV enters many cell types by endocytosis, including epithelial cells, the site of primary infection in the host. The intracellular itinerary for HSV entry remains unclear. We probed the potential involvement of several Rab GTPases in HSV-1 entry and suggest that endocytic entry of HSV-1 is independent of the canonical lysosome-terminal pathway. A nontraditional endocytic route may be employed, such as one that intersects with the trans-Golgi network (TGN). These results may lead to novel targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tebaldi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Suzanne M Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony V Nicola
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Ca 2+-binding protein from Entamoeba histolytica (EhCaBP6) is a novel GTPase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:631-637. [PMID: 32423808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
GTPases are molecular switches, which regulate a variety of cellular processes such as cell polarity, gene transcription, microtubule dynamics, cell-cycle etc. In this paper, we characterize a Ca2+-binding protein from Entamoeba histolytica (EhCaBP6) as a novel GTPase. We locate the active site for GTP hydrolysis within the C-terminal domain of EhCaBP6, although it requires full length protein for its complete range of activity. Using NMR studies, we observe that GTP binding induces conformational change in EhCaBP6. The identification of this novel and unusual Ca2+-dependent GTPase is important to elucidate the unconventional cell cycle of E. histolytica.
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Ma Y, Yang X, Xie M, Zhang G, Yang L, Bai N, Zhao Y, Li D, Zhang KQ, Yang J. The Arf-GAP AoGlo3 regulates conidiation, endocytosis, and pathogenicity in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 138:103352. [PMID: 32087364 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small GTPases of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family and their activating proteins (Arf-GAPs) regulate mycelial development and pathogenicity in yeast and filamentous fungi; however, little is known about their roles in nematode-trapping (NT) fungi. In this study, an ortholog of Arf-GAP Glo3 (AoGlo3) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was characterized in the NT fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Deletion of the Aoglo3 gene resulted in growth defects and an increase in hyphal septum. Meanwhile, the sporulation capacity of the ΔAoglo3 mutant was decreased by 98%, and 67.1-71.2% spores became gourd or claviform in shape (from obovoid), which was accompanied by a significant decrease in the spore germination rate. This reduced sporulation capacity correlated with the transcriptional repression of several sporulation-related genes including fluG, rodA, abaA, medA, and lreA. The ΔAoglo3 mutant was also sensitive to several chemical stressors such as Congo red, NaCl, and sorbitol. Additionally, AoGlo3 was found to be involved in endocytosis, and more myelin figures were observed in the ΔAoglo3 mutant than in the wild-type strain, which was consistent with the presence of more autophagosomes observed in the mutant. Importantly, AoGlo3 affected the production of mycelial traps and serine proteases for nematode predation. In summary, AoGlo3 is involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes such as mycelial growth, conidiation, environmental adaption, endocytosis, and pathogenicity in A. oligospora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Meihua Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Guosheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Na Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Yining Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Dongni Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
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Huang N, Dai W, Li Y, Sun J, Ma C, Li W. LncRNA PCAT-1 upregulates RAP1A through modulating miR-324-5p and promotes survival in lung cancer. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1196-1206. [PMID: 32864009 PMCID: PMC7444700 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.84235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the fastest increase in morbidity and mortality and the greatest threat to human health and life. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is emerging as an important regulator in many cancers. Recently, it was found that lncRNA prostate cancer associated transcript 1 (PCAT-1) was up-regulated in lung cancer, playing oncogenic roles. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of PCAT-1 remains unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression levels of PCAT-1 and miR-324-5p were analyzed by real-time PCR, and RAP1A expression was determined by western blotting. RNA pull-down, luciferase and western blotting assays were used to examine the target relationship between PCAT-1 and miR-324-5p or that between miR-324-5p and RAP1A. The functional effects of PCAT-1 and miR-324-5p were examined using cell viability and cell apoptosis assays. RESULTS PCAT-1 overexpression remarkably promoted cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that PCAT-1 can interact with miR-324-5p and repress its expression, thereby increasing the expression of its target RAP1A. Additionally, rescue experiments revealed that PCAT-1 served as an oncogene partly through sponging miR-324-5p and upregulating RAP1A in lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that on account of the dual function of pro-proliferation and anti-apoptosis, PCAT-1/miR-324-5p/RAP1A may be novel candidates for application in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Huang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medicine University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Dai
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medicine University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medicine University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medicine University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunlan Ma
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medicine University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wancheng Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medicine University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Qiu D, Li S, Guo L, Yuan R, Ou X. Rab24 functions in meiotic apparatus assembly and maturational progression in mouse oocyte. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2893-2901. [PMID: 31496367 PMCID: PMC6791699 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1660115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases have multiple regulatory functions in intracellular vesicle transport. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the roles of Rab proteins in mammalian oocytes. In this paper, we show the specific distribution pattern of Rab24 during mouse oocyte meiosis. Furthermore, we find that Rab24 depletion results in the failure of maturational progression in mouse oocytes. Notably, the frequency of meiotic apparatus abnormality is significantly increased in Rab24-depleted oocytes relative to controls. In addition, lagging chromosomes are readily observed in anaphase/telophase oocytes with Rab24 knockdown. In support of this, the depletion of Rab24 disturbs the kinetochore-microtubule attachments in oocytes, and contributes to the production of aneuploid eggs. Taken together, the results of this study identify Rab24 as a novel factor in the modulation of meiotic apparatus assembly and meiotic progression during mouse oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Qiu
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Human Reproduction Medical Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Li
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Human Reproduction Medical Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Human Reproduction Medical Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiying Yuan
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Human Reproduction Medical Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Ou
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Human Reproduction Medical Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Pan ZN, Lu Y, Tang F, Pan MH, Wan X, Lan M, Zhang Y, Sun SC. RAB8A GTPase regulates spindle migration and Golgi apparatus distribution via ROCK-mediated actin assembly in mouse oocyte meiosis†. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:711-720. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mei Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Liu L, Yan X, Wu D, Yang Y, Li M, Su Y, Yang W, Shan Z, Gao Y, Jin Z. High expression of Ras-related protein 1A promotes an aggressive phenotype in colorectal cancer via PTEN/FOXO3/CCND1 pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:178. [PMID: 30064475 PMCID: PMC6069867 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a commonly diagnosed digestive malignancy worldwide. Ras-related protein 1A (RAP1A) is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases and has been recently identified as a novel oncoprotein in several human malignancies. However, its specific role in CRC remains unclear. Method In this study, we firstly analyzed its expression and clinical significance in a retrospective cohort of 144 CRC patients. Then, cellular assays in vitro and in vivo were performed to clarify its biological role in CRC cells. Finally, microarray analysis was utilized to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulated by RAP1A in CRC progression. Results Firstly, RAP1A expression was abnormally higher in CRC tissues as compared with adjacent normal tissues, and significantly correlated tumor invasion. High RAP1A expression was an independent unfavourable prognostic factor for CRC patients. Combining RAP1A expression and preoperative CEA level contributed to a more accurate prognostic stratification in CRC patients. Secondly, knockdown of RAP1A dramatically inhibited the growth of CRC cells, while it was opposite for RAP1A overexpression. Finally, the microarray analysis revealed RAP1A promoted CRC growth partly through phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/forkhead box O3(FOXO3)/cyclin D1(CCND1) signaling pathway. FOXO3 overexpression could partly mimic the inhibitory effect of RAP1A knockdown in CRC growth. Moreover, FOXO3 overexpression inhibited CCND1 expression, but had no impact on RAP1A and PTEN expression. Conclusion RAP1A promotes CRC development partly through PTEN/FOXO3 /CCND1 signaling pathway. It has a great potential to be an effective clinical biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0827-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi-shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi-shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi-shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Kunshan Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengcheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi-shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi-shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi-shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi-shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yuping Gao
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiming Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi-shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Kjos I, Vestre K, Guadagno NA, Borg Distefano M, Progida C. Rab and Arf proteins at the crossroad between membrane transport and cytoskeleton dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1397-1409. [PMID: 30021127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular movement and positioning of organelles and vesicles is mediated by the cytoskeleton and molecular motors. Small GTPases like Rab and Arf proteins are main regulators of intracellular transport by connecting membranes to cytoskeleton motors or adaptors. However, it is becoming clear that interactions between these small GTPases and the cytoskeleton are important not only for the regulation of membrane transport. In this review, we will cover our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the connection between Rab and Arf GTPases and the cytoskeleton, with special emphasis on the double role of these interactions, not only in membrane trafficking but also in membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling. Furthermore, we will highlight the most recent findings about the fine control mechanisms of crosstalk between different members of Rab, Arf, and Rho families of small GTPases in the regulation of cytoskeleton organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kjos
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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FPPS mediates TGF-β1-induced non-small cell lung cancer cell invasion and the EMT process via the RhoA/Rock1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:536-541. [PMID: 29337059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, was recently shown to play a role in cancer progression. However, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, FPPS expression was significantly correlated with TNM stage, and metastasis. Inhibition or knockdown of FPPS blocked TGF-β1-induced cell invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. FPPS expression of FPPS was induced by TGF-β1 and FPPS promoted cell invasion and EMT via the RhoA/Rock1 pathway. In conclusion, FPPS mediates TGF-β1-induced lung cancer cell invasion and EMT via the RhoA/Rock1 pathway. These findings suggest new treatment strategies to reduce mortality associated with metastasis in patients with NSCLC.
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Emrani H, Vaez Torshizi R, Akbar Masoudi A, Ehsani A. Identification of new loci for body weight traits in F2 chicken population using genome-wide association study. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Effect of pravastatin on the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4379-84. [PMID: 26735890 PMCID: PMC4826212 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A fluoropyrimidine plus cisplatin combined with surgery is standard first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. We evaluated the effect of pravastatin on overall survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer in a prospective cohort study. Methods At the time of surgery, we assigned 60 patients with advanced gastric cancer (stage III or IV) to receive standard first-line treatment (control group) or standard first-line treatment plus pravastatin at a dose of 40 mg once daily (pravastatin group). The minimum follow-up period was 4 years and the maximum of 6 years. Results The mean of age was 66 years and the TNM stage was III and IV in 65% and 35% of patients, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (control vs pravastatin) in median overall survival (15 vs 14 months; P = 0.8). Predictors of survival were the stage (hazard ratio of death stage IV (III stage as reference): 4.4; 95% CI: 2–9.7; p < 0.05) and older age (hazard ratio of death ≥ 65 years (< 65 years as reference): 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3–6; p < 0.05). Conclusions Pravastatin did not improve outcome in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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Sumiyoshi M, Masuda N, Tanuma N, Ogoh H, Imai E, Otsuka M, Hayakawa N, Ohno K, Matsui Y, Hara K, Gotoh R, Suzuki M, Rai S, Tanaka H, Matsumura I, Shima H, Watanabe T. Mice doubly-deficient in the Arf GAPs SMAP1 and SMAP2 exhibit embryonic lethality. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2754-62. [PMID: 26296315 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the small Arf GTPase-activating protein (SMAP) subfamily of Arf GTPase-activating proteins consists of closely related members, SMAP1 and SMAP2. These factors reportedly exert distinct functions in membrane trafficking, as manifested by different phenotypes seen in single knockout mice. The present study investigated whether SMAP proteins interact genetically. We report for the first time that simultaneous loss of SMAP1 and SMAP2 promotes apoptosis in the distal region of E7.5 mouse embryos, likely resulting in embryonic lethality. Thus, at least one SMAP gene, either SMAP1 or SMAP2, is required for proper embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Sumiyoshi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Narumi Masuda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanuma
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Honami Ogoh
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Eri Imai
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Mizuki Otsuka
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hayakawa
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Ohno
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kanae Hara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Risa Gotoh
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Mai Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shinya Rai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan.
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Abstract
Rab GTPases control intracellular membrane traffic by recruiting specific effector proteins to restricted membranes in a GTP-dependent manner. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we highlight the regulation of Rab GTPases by proteins that control their membrane association and activation state, and provide an overview of the cellular processes that are regulated by Rab GTPases and their effectors, including protein sorting, vesicle motility and vesicle tethering. We also discuss the physiological importance of Rab GTPases and provide examples of diseases caused by their dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhen
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo N-0379, Norway Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo N-0379, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo N-0379, Norway Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo N-0379, Norway
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Krakhmal NV, Zavyalova MV, Denisov EV, Vtorushin SV, Perelmuter VM. Cancer Invasion: Patterns and Mechanisms. Acta Naturae 2015; 7:17-28. [PMID: 26085941 PMCID: PMC4463409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer invasion and the ability of malignant tumor cells for directed migration and metastasis have remained a focus of research for many years. Numerous studies have confirmed the existence of two main patterns of cancer cell invasion: collective cell migration and individual cell migration, by which tumor cells overcome barriers of the extracellular matrix and spread into surrounding tissues. Each pattern of cell migration displays specific morphological features and the biochemical/molecular genetic mechanisms underlying cell migration. Two types of migrating tumor cells, mesenchymal (fibroblast-like) and amoeboid, are observed in each pattern of cancer cell invasion. This review describes the key differences between the variants of cancer cell migration, the role of epithelial-mesenchymal, collective-amoeboid, mesenchymal-amoeboid, and amoeboid- mesenchymal transitions, as well as the significance of different tumor factors and stromal molecules in tumor invasion. The data and facts collected are essential to the understanding of how the patterns of cancer cell invasion are related to cancer progression and therapy efficacy. Convincing evidence is provided that morphological manifestations of the invasion patterns are characterized by a variety of tissue (tumor) structures. The results of our own studies are presented to show the association of breast cancer progression with intratumoral morphological heterogeneity, which most likely reflects the types of cancer cell migration and results from different activities of cell adhesion molecules in tumor cells of distinct morphological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Krakhmal
- Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M. V. Zavyalova
- Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Kooperativny Pereulok, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Prosp. Lenina, 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E. V. Denisov
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Kooperativny Pereulok, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Prosp. Lenina, 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S. V. Vtorushin
- Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Kooperativny Pereulok, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V. M. Perelmuter
- Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Kooperativny Pereulok, 5, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
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Habis M, Wroblewski K, Bradaric M, Ismail N, Yamada SD, Litchfield L, Lengyel E, Romero IL. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival in patients with non-serous-papillary epithelial ovarian cancer: a retrospective cohort analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104521. [PMID: 25118694 PMCID: PMC4131884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether statin use is associated with improved epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) survival. METHODS This is a single-institution retrospective cohort review of patients treated for OvCa between 1992 and 2013. Inclusion criteria were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I-IV OvCa. The primary exposures analyzed were hyperlipidemia and statin use. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS 442 patients met inclusion criteria. The cohort was divided into three groups: patients with hyperlipidemia who used statins (n = 68), patients with hyperlipidemia who did not use statins (n = 28), and patients without hyperlipidemia (n = 346). OvCa outcomes were evaluated. When we analyzed the entire cohort, we found no significant differences in PFS or DSS among the groups. The median PFS for hyperlipidemics using statins, hyperlipidemics not using statins, and non-hyperlipidemics was 21.7, 13.6, and 14.7 months, respectively (p = 0.69). Median DSS for hyperlipidemics using statins, hyperlipidemics not using statins, and non-hyperlipidemics was 44.2, 75.7, and 41.5 months, respectively (p = 0.43). These findings did not change after controlling for confounders. However, a secondary analysis revealed that, among patients with non-serous-papillary subtypes of OvCa, statin use was associated with a decrease in hazards of both disease recurrence (adjusted HR = 0.23, p = 0.02) and disease-specific death (adjusted HR = 0.23, p = 0.04). To augment the findings in the retrospective cohort, the histology-specific effects of statins were also evaluated in vitro using proliferation assays. Here, statin treatment of cell lines resulted in a variable level of cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Statin use among patients with non-serous-papillary OvCa was associated with improvement in both PFS and DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Habis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristen Wroblewski
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael Bradaric
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nadia Ismail
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - S. Diane Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lacey Litchfield
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Iris L. Romero
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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