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Foyer CH, Kunert K. The ascorbate-glutathione cycle coming of age. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2682-2699. [PMID: 38243395 PMCID: PMC11066808 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Concepts regarding the operation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the associated water/water cycle in the processing of metabolically generated hydrogen peroxide and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well established in the literature. However, our knowledge of the functions of these cycles and their component enzymes continues to grow and evolve. Recent insights include participation in the intrinsic environmental and developmental signalling pathways that regulate plant growth, development, and defence. In addition to ROS processing, the enzymes of the two cycles not only support the functions of ascorbate and glutathione, they also have 'moonlighting' functions. They are subject to post-translational modifications and have an extensive interactome, particularly with other signalling proteins. In this assessment of current knowledge, we highlight the central position of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the network of cellular redox systems that underpin the energy-sensitive communication within the different cellular compartments and integrate plant signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karl Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 2001, South Africa
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2
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Zhu K, Chen H, Mei X, Lu S, Xie H, Liu J, Chai L, Xu Q, Wurtzel ET, Ye J, Deng X. Transcription factor CsMADS3 coordinately regulates chlorophyll and carotenoid pools in Citrus hesperidium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:519-536. [PMID: 37224514 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Citrus, 1 of the largest fruit crops with global economic and nutritional importance, contains fruit known as hesperidium with unique morphological types. Citrus fruit ripening is accompanied by chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis, which are indispensably linked to color formation and the external appearance of citrus fruits. However, the transcriptional coordination of these metabolites during citrus fruit ripening remains unknown. Here, we identified the MADS-box transcription factor CsMADS3 in Citrus hesperidium that coordinates chlorophyll and carotenoid pools during fruit ripening. CsMADS3 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, and its expression is induced during fruit development and coloration. Overexpression of CsMADS3 in citrus calli, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and citrus fruits enhanced carotenoid biosynthesis and upregulated carotenogenic genes while accelerating chlorophyll degradation and upregulating chlorophyll degradation genes. Conversely, the interference of CsMADS3 expression in citrus calli and fruits inhibited carotenoid biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation and downregulated the transcription of related genes. Further assays confirmed that CsMADS3 directly binds and activates the promoters of phytoene synthase 1 (CsPSY1) and chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase (CsLCYb2), 2 key genes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, and STAY-GREEN (CsSGR), a critical chlorophyll degradation gene, which explained the expression alterations of CsPSY1, CsLCYb2, and CsSGR in the above transgenic lines. These findings reveal the transcriptional coordination of chlorophyll and carotenoid pools in the unique hesperidium of Citrus and may contribute to citrus crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Zhu
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xuehan Mei
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Heping Xie
- The Experimental Station of Loose-skin Mandarins in Yichang, Agricultural Technical Service Center of Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Eleanore T Wurtzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016-16 4309, USA
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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3
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Zhang W, Xia L, Peng F, Song C, Manzoor MA, Cai Y, Jin Q. Transcriptomics and metabolomics changes triggered by exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine in relieving epicotyl dormancy of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961899. [PMID: 35958203 PMCID: PMC9358440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is one of the most useful herbs in traditional Chinese medicine and widely used in medicinal and edible perennial plant. However, the seeds have the characteristics of epicotyl dormancy. In this study, the molecular basis for relieving epicotyl dormancy of P. cyrtonema seeds under exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) treatment was revealed for the first time through transcriptome and metabolomics analysis. We determined the elongation of epicotyl buds as a critical period for dormancy release and found that the content of trans-zeatin, proline, auxin and gibberellin was higher, while flavonoids and arginine were lower in the treatment group. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were significant differences in gene expression in related pathways, and the expression patterns were highly consistent with the change of metabolites in corresponding pathways. Co-expression analysis showed that cytokinin dehydrogenase of P. cyrtonema (PcCKXs) and pelargonidin in flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as L-proline, L-ornithine, and L-citrulline in arginine and proline metabolism form network modules, indicating that they have related regulatory roles. Above all, our findings provide new insight into the exogenous 6-BA relieving epicotyl dormancy of P. cyrtonema seeds.
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Li W, Niu Y, Zheng Y, Wang Z. Advances in the Understanding of Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Regulation on Seed Dormancy, Germination, and Deterioration in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:826809. [PMID: 35283906 PMCID: PMC8905223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.826809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in the regulation of seed dormancy, germination, and deterioration in plants. The low level of ROS as signaling particles promotes dormancy release and triggers seed germination. Excessive ROS accumulation causes seed deterioration during seed storage. Maintaining ROS homeostasis plays a central role in the regulation of seed dormancy, germination, and deterioration in crops. This study highlights the current advances in the regulation of ROS homeostasis in dry and hydrated seeds of crops. The research progress in the crosstalk between ROS and hormones involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination in crops is mainly summarized. The current understandings of ROS-induced seed deterioration are reviewed. These understandings of ROS-dependent regulation on seed dormancy, germination, and deterioration contribute to the improvement of seed quality of crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Niu
- Yuxi Zhongyan Tobacco Seed Co., Ltd., Yuxi, China
| | - Yunye Zheng
- Yuxi Zhongyan Tobacco Seed Co., Ltd., Yuxi, China
| | - Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu K, Sun Q, Chen H, Mei X, Lu S, Ye J, Chai L, Xu Q, Deng X. Ethylene activation of carotenoid biosynthesis by a novel transcription factor CsERF061. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3137-3154. [PMID: 33543285 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase (LCYb2) is a critical carotenogenic enzyme, which controls the massive accumulation of downstream carotenoids, especially provitamin A carotenoids, in citrus. Its regulatory metabolism is largely unknown. Here, we identified a group I ethylene response factor, CsERF061, in citrus by yeast one-hybrid screen with the promoter of LCYb2. The expression of CsERF061 was induced by ethylene. Transcript and protein levels of CsERF061 were increased during fruit development and coloration. CsERF061 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, which directly binds to the promoter of LCYb2 and activates its expression. Overexpression of CsERF061 in citrus calli and tomato fruits enhanced carotenoid accumulation by increasing the expression of key carotenoid pathway genes, and increased the number of chromoplasts needed to sequester the elevated concentrations of carotenoids, which was accompanied by changes in the concentrations of abscisic acid and gibberellin. Electrophoretic mobility shift and dual-luciferase assays verified that CsERF061 activates the promoters of nine other key carotenoid pathway genes, PSY1, PDS, CRTISO, LCYb1, BCH, ZEP, NCED3, CCD1, and CCD4, revealing the multitargeted regulation of CsERF061. Collectively, our findings decipher a novel regulatory network of carotenoid enhancement by CsERF061, induced by ethylene, which will be useful for manipulating carotenoid accumulation in citrus and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuehan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kosakivska IV. GIBBERELLINS IN REGULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER ABIOTIC STRESSES. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid phytohormones, play an important role in regulation of plant growth and development. Among more than 130 different gibberellin molecules, only a few are bioactive. GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 regulate plant growth through promotion the degradation of the DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors – negative regulator of GAs signaling. Recent studies on GAs biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, and signaling, as well as crosstalk with other phytohormones and environment have achieved great progress thanks to molecular genetics and functional genomics. Aim. In this review, we focused on the role of GAs in regulation of plant gtowth in abiotic stress conditions. Results. We represented a key information on GAs biosynthesis, signaling and functional activity; summarized current understanding of the crosstalk between GAs and auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and other hormones and what is the role of GAs in regulation of adaptation to drought, salinization, high and low temperature conditions, and heavy metal pollution. We emphasize that the effects of GAs depend primarily on the strength and duration of stress and the phase of ontogenesis and tolerance of the plant. By changing the intensity of biosynthesis, the pattern of the distribution and signaling of GAs, plants are able to regulate resistance to abiotic stress, increase viability and even avoid stress. The issues of using retardants – inhibitors of GAs biosynthesis to study the functional activity of hormones under abiotic stresses were discussed. Special attention was focused on the use of exogenous GAs for pre-sowing priming of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Conclusion. Further study of the role of gibberellins in the acquisition of stress resistance would contribute to the development of biotechnology of exogenous use of the hormone to improve growth and increase plant yields under adverse environmental conditions.
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Farooq MA, Zhang X, Zafar MM, Ma W, Zhao J. Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondria in Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:781734. [PMID: 34956279 PMCID: PMC8695494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is crucial for the life cycle of plants and maximum crop production. This critical developmental step is regulated by diverse endogenous [hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and exogenous (light, temperature) factors. Reactive oxygen species promote the release of seed dormancy by biomolecules oxidation, testa weakening and endosperm decay. Reactive oxygen species modulate metabolic and hormone signaling pathways that induce and maintain seed dormancy and germination. Endosperm provides nutrients and senses environmental signals to regulate the growth of the embryo by secreting timely signals. The growing energy demand of the developing embryo and endosperm is fulfilled by functional mitochondria. Mitochondrial matrix-localized heat shock protein GhHSP24.7 controls seed germination in a temperature-dependent manner. In this review, we summarize comprehensive view of biochemical and molecular mechanisms, which coordinately control seed germination. We also discuss that the accurate and optimized coordination of ROS, mitochondria, heat shock proteins is required to permit testa rupture and subsequent germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais Farooq
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Ma,
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Jianjun Zhao,
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Yu C, Yan M, Dong H, Luo J, Ke Y, Guo A, Chen Y, Zhang J, Huang X. Maize bHLH55 functions positively in salt tolerance through modulation of AsA biosynthesis by directly regulating GDP-mannose pathway genes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110676. [PMID: 33288001 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an antioxidant and enzyme co-factor that is vital to plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. However, the regulation mechanisms of AsA biosynthesis in plants remain poorly understood. Here, we report a basic helix-loop-helix 55 (ZmbHLH55) transcription factor that regulates AsA biosynthesis in maize. Analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data revealed that ZmbHLH55 is co-expressed with several genes of the GDP-mannose pathway. Experimental data showed that ZmbHLH55 forms homodimers localized to the cell nuclei, and it exhibits DNA binding and transactivation activity in yeast. Under salt stress conditions, knock down mutant (zmbhlh55) in maize accumulated lower levels of AsA compared with wild type, accompanied by lower antioxidant enzymes activity, shorter root length, and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Gene expression data from the WT and zmbhlh55 mutant, showed that ZmbHLH55 positively regulates the expression of ZmPGI2, ZmGME1, and ZmGLDH, but negatively regulates ZmGMP1 and ZmGGP. Furthermore, ZmbHLH55-overexpressing Arabidopsis, under salt conditions, showed higher AsA levels, increased rates of germination, and elevated antioxidant enzyme activities. In conclusion, these results have identified previously unknown regulation mechanisms for AsA biosynthesis, indicating that ZmbHLH55 may be a potential candidate to enhance plant salt stress tolerance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yu
- Ministry of Agriculture Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 226019, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Ministry of Agriculture Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 226019, China
| | - Huizhen Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Ministry of Agriculture Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 226019, China
| | - Yongchao Ke
- Ministry of Agriculture Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 226019, China
| | - Anfang Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 226019, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 226019, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 226019, China
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases: A renaissance in attention for ascorbic acid in plants. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242833. [PMID: 33290424 PMCID: PMC7723244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid (ascorbate, Vitamin C) is an essential human micronutrient that is predominantly obtained from plants. It is known to work as the major antioxidant in plants, and it underpins several environmentally induced stresses due to its use as a co-factor by certain 2-oxoglutarate-dependent (2-OG) dioxygenases [2(OG)-dioxygenases]. It is important to understand the role of 2(OG)-dioxygenases in the biosynthesis of ascorbate. The present study examined contents of ascorbate and protein-protein interaction in nine T-DNA mutants of Arabidopsis containing an insert in their respective (2-OG) dioxygenase genes (At1g20270, At1g68080, At2g17720, At3g06290, At3g28490, At4g35810, At4g35820, At5g18900, At5g66060). In this study, the amount of ascorbate in five of the mutants was shown to be almost two-fold or more than two-fold higher than in the wild type. This result may be a consequence of the insertion of the T-DNA. The prediction of possible protein interactions between 2(OG)-dioxygenases and relevant ascorbate-function players may indicate the oxidative effects of certain dioxygenase proteins in plants. It is expected that certain dioxygenases are actively involved in the metabolic and biosynthetic pathways of ascorbate. This involvement may be of importance to increase ascorbate amounts in plants for human nutrition, and to protect plant species against stress conditions.
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10
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The signalling role of ROS in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy. Biochem J 2020; 476:3019-3032. [PMID: 31657442 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile compounds which can have toxic or signalling effects in a wide range living organisms, including seeds. They have been reported to play a pivotal role in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy but their mechanisms of action are still far from being fully understood. In this review, we sum-up the major findings that have been carried out this last decade in this field of research and which altogether shed a new light on the signalling roles of ROS in seed physiology. ROS participate in dormancy release during seed dry storage through the direct oxidation of a subset of biomolecules. During seed imbibition, the controlled generation of ROS is involved in the perception and transduction of environmental conditions that control germination. When these conditions are permissive for germination, ROS levels are maintained at a level which triggers cellular events associated with germination, such as hormone signalling. Here we propose that the spatiotemporal regulation of ROS production acts in concert with hormone signalling to regulate the cellular events involved in cell expansion associated with germination.
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11
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CRK5 Protein Kinase Contributes to the Progression of Embryogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246120. [PMID: 31817249 PMCID: PMC6941128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine tuning of hormone (e.g., auxin and gibberellin) levels and hormone signaling is required for maintaining normal embryogenesis. Embryo polarity, for example, is ensured by the directional movement of auxin that is controlled by various types of auxin transporters. Here, we present pieces of evidence for the auxin-gibberellic acid (GA) hormonal crosstalk during embryo development and the regulatory role of the Arabidopsis thaliana Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase-Related Kinase 5 (AtCRK5) in this regard. It is pointed out that the embryogenesis of the Atcrk5-1 mutant is delayed in comparison to the wild type. This delay is accompanied with a decrease in the levels of GA and auxin, as well as the abundance of the polar auxin transport (PAT) proteins PIN1, PIN4, and PIN7 in the mutant embryos. We have previously showed that AtCRK5 can regulate the PIN2 and PIN3 proteins either directly by phosphorylation or indirectly affecting the GA level during the root gravitropic and hypocotyl hook bending responses. In this manuscript, we provide evidence that the AtCRK5 protein kinase can in vitro phosphorylate the hydrophilic loops of additional PIN proteins that are important for embryogenesis. We propose that AtCRK5 can govern embryo development in Arabidopsis through the fine tuning of auxin-GA level and the accumulation of certain polar auxin transport proteins.
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12
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Li Z, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Lin C, Gong D, Guan Y, Hu J. Reactive Oxygen Species and Gibberellin Acid Mutual Induction to Regulate Tobacco Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1279. [PMID: 30356911 PMCID: PMC6190896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a complex process controlled by various mechanisms. To examine the potential contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and gibberellin acid (GA) in regulating seed germination, diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI) and uniconazole (Uni), as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and GA synthesis inhibitor, respectively, were exogenously applied on tobacco seeds using the seed priming method. Seed priming with DPI or Uni decreased germination percentage as compared with priming with H2O, especially the DPI + Uni combination. H2O2 and GA completely reversed the inhibition caused by DPI or Uni. The germination percentages with H2O2 + Uni and GA + DPI combinations kept the same level as with H2O. Meanwhile, GA or H2O2 increased GA content and deceased ABA content through corresponding gene expressions involving homeostasis and signal transduction. In addition, the activation of storage reserve mobilization and the enhancement of soluble sugar content and isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity were also induced by GA or H2O2. These results strongly suggested that H2O2 and GA were essential for tobacco seed germination and by downregulating the ABA/GA ratio and inducing reserve composition mobilization mutually promoted seed germination. Meanwhile, ICL activity was jointly enhanced by a lower ABA/GA ratio and a higher ROS concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yajing Guan
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Ma Y, Chen X, Guo B. Identification of genes involved in metabolism and signalling of abscisic acid and gibberellins during Epimedium pseudowushanense B.L.Guo seed morphophysiological dormancy. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1061-1075. [PMID: 29796945 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Key genes involved in metabolism and signalling of abscisic acid and gibberellins during Epimedium pseudowushanense B.L.Guo seed morphophysiological dormancy release were identified using phytochemistry, transcriptomics, and bioinformatic methods. The molecular mechanism of seed morphophysiological dormancy of Epimedium pseudowushanense B.L.Guo. remains largely unknown. The endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) content of E. pseudowushanense seeds at three developmental stages were quantitatively determined. The results showed the levels of ABA in E. pseudowushanense seeds decreased during seed embryo growth and development, while levels of GA3 increased during seed embryo growth, and levels of GA4 increased during seed dormancy release and seed sprouting. A high-throughput sequencing method was used to determine the E. pseudowushanense seed transcriptome. The transcriptome data were assembled as 178,613 unigenes and the numbers of differentially expressed unigenes between the seed development stages were compared. Computer analysis of reference pathways revealed that 12 candidate genes were likely to be involved in metabolism and signalling of ABA and GAs. The expression patterns of these genes were revealed by real-time quantitative PCR. Phylogenetic relationships among the deduced E. pseudowushanense proteins and their homologous proteins in other plant species were analysed. The results indicated that EpNCED1, EpNCED2, EpCYP707A1, and EpCYP707A2 are likely to be involved in ABA biosynthesis and catabolism. EpSnRK2 is likely implicated in ABA signalling during seed dormancy. EpGA3ox is likely to be involved in GA biosynthesis. EpDELLA1 and EpDELLA2 are likely implicated in GA signalling. This study is the first to provide the E. pseudowushanense seed transcriptome and the key genes involved in metabolism and signalling of ABA and GAs, and it is valuable for studies on the mechanism of seed morphophysiological dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Shu K, Zhou W, Yang W. APETALA 2-domain-containing transcription factors: focusing on abscisic acid and gibberellins antagonism. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:977-983. [PMID: 29058311 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) antagonistically mediate diverse plant developmental processes including seed dormancy and germination, root development, and flowering time control, and thus the optimal balance between ABA and GA is essential for plant growth and development. Although more than a half and one century have passed since the initial discoveries of ABA and GA, respectively, the precise mechanisms underlying ABA-GA antagonism still need further investigation. Emerging evidence indicates that two APETALA 2 (AP2)-domain-containing transcription factors (ATFs), ABI4 in Arabidopsis and OsAP2-39 in rice, play key roles in ABA and GA antagonism. These two transcription factors precisely regulate the transcription pattern of ABA and GA biosynthesis or inactivation genes, mediating ABA and GA levels. In this Viewpoint article, we try to shed light on the effects of ATFs on ABA-GA antagonism, and summarize the overlapping but distinct biological functions of these ATFs in the antagonism between ABA and GA. Finally, we strongly propose that further research is needed into the detailed roles of additional numerous ATFs in ABA and GA crosstalk, which will improve our understanding of the antagonism between these two phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Ran X, Liu J, Qi M, Wang Y, Cheng J, Zhang Y. GSHR, a Web-Based Platform Provides Gene Set-Level Analyses of Hormone Responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:23. [PMID: 29416546 PMCID: PMC5787578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones regulate diverse aspects of plant growth and environmental responses. Recent high-throughput technologies have promoted a more comprehensive profiling of genes regulated by different hormones. However, these omics data generally result in large gene lists that make it challenging to interpret the data and extract insights into biological significance. With the rapid accumulation of theses large-scale experiments, especially the transcriptomic data available in public databases, a means of using this information to explore the transcriptional networks is needed. Different platforms have different architectures and designs, and even similar studies using the same platform may obtain data with large variances because of the highly dynamic and flexible effects of plant hormones; this makes it difficult to make comparisons across different studies and platforms. Here, we present a web server providing gene set-level analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana hormone responses. GSHR collected 333 RNA-seq and 1,205 microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus, characterizing transcriptomic changes in Arabidopsis in response to phytohormones including abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. These data were further processed and organized into 1,368 gene sets regulated by different hormones or hormone-related factors. By comparing input gene lists to these gene sets, GSHR helped to identify gene sets from the input gene list regulated by different phytohormones or related factors. Together, GSHR links prior information regarding transcriptomic changes induced by hormones and related factors to newly generated data and facilities cross-study and cross-platform comparisons; this helps facilitate the mining of biologically significant information from large-scale datasets. The GSHR is freely available at http://bioinfo.sibs.ac.cn/GSHR/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ran
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meifang Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Huang L, Jia J, Zhao X, Zhang M, Huang X, E Ji, Ni L, Jiang M. The ascorbate peroxidase APX1 is a direct target of a zinc finger transcription factor ZFP36 and a late embryogenesis abundant protein OsLEA5 interacts with ZFP36 to co-regulate OsAPX1 in seed germination in rice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:339-345. [PMID: 29106954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination is a vital developmental process. Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential repressor of seed germination, while ROS (reactive oxygen species) also plays a vital role in regulating seed germination. ABA could inhibit the production of ROS in seed germination, but the mechanism of ABA reduced ROS production in seed germination was hitherto unknown. Here, by ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)-seq, we found that ZFP36, a rice zinc finger transcription factor, could directly bind to the promoter of OsAPX1, coding an ascorbate peroxidase (APX) which has the most affinity for H2O2 (substrate; a type of ROS), and act as a transcriptional activator of OsAPX1 promoter. Moreover, ZFP36 could interact with a late embryogenesis abundant protein OsLEA5 to co-regulate the promoter activity of OsAPX1. The seed germination is highly inhibited in ZFP36 overexpression plants under ABA treatment, while an RNA interference (RNAi) mutant of OsLEA5 rice seeds were less sensitive to ABA, and exogenous ASC (ascorbate acid) could alleviate the inhibition induced by ABA. Thus, our conclusion is that OsAPX1 is a direct target of ZFP36 and OsLEA5 could interact with ZFP36 to co-regulate ABA-inhibited seed germination by controlling the expression of OsAPX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - MengYao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingxiu Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - E Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lan Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Sun J, Wang P, Zhou T, Rong J, Jia H, Liu Z. Transcriptome Analysis of the Effects of Shell Removal and Exogenous Gibberellin on Germination of Zanthoxylum Seeds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8521. [PMID: 28819199 PMCID: PMC5561108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The zanthoxylum seeds are oil-rich and have a very thick, dense and oily shell. In the natural conditions the seeds have a very low germination rate. Prior to treatment with GAs to promote germination, the seeds were usually soaked in sulfuric acid to remove shells easily. A high-throughput sequencing of mRNAs was performed to investigate the effects of the above treatments on the germination of zanthoxylum seeds. Seven libraries were assembled into 100,982 unigenes and 59,509 unigenes were annotated. We focused on the expression profiles of the key genes related to the oil metabolisms and hormone regulations during seed germination. Our data indicated the endogenous ABA of seeds was rich. The effects that the exogenous GAs promoted germination were apparent in the secong day of germination. Especially, for the first time our results indicated the exogenous GAs lowered the aerobic metabolism including the oil metabolisms during imbibition. We inferred that the exogenous GAs had inhibitory effects on the oil metabolisms to avoide oxidative damages to the imbibed seeds, and the seed shell played the role similiar to the exogenous GAs in the initial stage of germination in the natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikang Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Rong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM88130, USA
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18
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Liu Z, Zhang S, Sun N, Liu H, Zhao Y, Liang Y, Zhang L, Han Y. Functional diversity of jasmonates in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 8:42. [PMID: 26054241 PMCID: PMC4773313 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone jasmonates (JA) play essential roles in plants, such as regulating development and growth, responding to environmental changes, and resisting abiotic and biotic stresses. During signaling, JA interacts, either synergistically or antagonistically, with other hormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), gibberellin (GA), ethylene (ET), auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), and abscisic acid (ABA), to regulate gene expression in regulatory networks, conferring physiological and metabolic adjustments in plants. As an important staple crop, rice is a major nutritional source for human beings and feeds one third of the world's population. Recent years have seen significant progress in the understanding of the JA pathway in rice. In this review, we summarize the diverse functions of JA, and discuss the JA interplay with other hormones, as well as light, in this economically important crop. We believe that a better understanding of the JA pathway will lead to practical biotechnological applications in rice breeding and cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- />College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- />College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ning Sun
- />The Affiliated School of Hebei Baoding Normal, Baoding, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- />College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- />College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuling Liang
- />College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- />College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- />School of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, China
- />Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
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Li Y, Dou K, Gao S, Sun J, Wang M, Fu K, Yu C, Wu Q, Li Y, Chen J. Impacts on silkworm larvae midgut proteomics by transgenic Trichoderma strain and analysis of glutathione S-transferase sigma 2 gene essential for anti-stress response of silkworm larvae. J Proteomics 2015; 126:218-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Clauw P, Coppens F, De Beuf K, Dhondt S, Van Daele T, Maleux K, Storme V, Clement L, Gonzalez N, Inzé D. Leaf responses to mild drought stress in natural variants of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:800-16. [PMID: 25604532 PMCID: PMC4348775 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.254284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the response of plants exposed to severe drought stress has been studied extensively, little is known about how plants adapt their growth under mild drought stress conditions. Here, we analyzed the leaf and rosette growth response of six Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions originating from different geographic regions when exposed to mild drought stress. The automated phenotyping platform WIWAM was used to impose stress early during leaf development, when the third leaf emerges from the shoot apical meristem. Analysis of growth-related phenotypes showed differences in leaf development between the accessions. In all six accessions, mild drought stress reduced both leaf pavement cell area and number without affecting the stomatal index. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis (using RNA sequencing) of early developing leaf tissue identified 354 genes differentially expressed under mild drought stress in the six accessions. Our results indicate the existence of a robust response over different genetic backgrounds to mild drought stress in developing leaves. The processes involved in the overall mild drought stress response comprised abscisic acid signaling, proline metabolism, and cell wall adjustments. In addition to these known severe drought-related responses, 87 genes were found to be specific for the response of young developing leaves to mild drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Clauw
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof De Beuf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Twiggy Van Daele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Clement
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (P.C., F.C., S.D., T.V.D., K.M., V.S., N.G., D.I.); andDepartment of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics (K.D.B., L.C.) and Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (K.D.B.), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Chen C, Letnik I, Hacham Y, Dobrev P, Ben-Daniel BH, Vanková R, Amir R, Miller G. ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE6 protects Arabidopsis desiccating and germinating seeds from stress and mediates cross talk between reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid, and auxin. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:370-83. [PMID: 25049361 PMCID: PMC4149721 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.245324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A seed's ability to properly germinate largely depends on its oxidative poise. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is controlled by a large gene network, which includes the gene coding for the hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzyme, cytosolic ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE6 (APX6), yet its specific function has remained unknown. In this study, we show that seeds lacking APX6 accumulate higher levels of ROS, exhibit increased oxidative damage, and display reduced germination on soil under control conditions and that these effects are further exacerbated under osmotic, salt, or heat stress. In addition, ripening APX6-deficient seeds exposed to heat stress displayed reduced germination vigor. This, together with the increased abundance of APX6 during late stages of maturation, indicates that APX6 activity is critical for the maturation-drying phase. Metabolic profiling revealed an altered activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, changes in amino acid levels, and elevated metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin in drying apx6 mutant seeds. Further germination assays showed an impaired response of the apx6 mutants to ABA and to indole-3-acetic acid. Relative suppression of abscisic acid insensitive3 (ABI3) and ABI5 expression, two of the major ABA signaling downstream components controlling dormancy, suggested that an alternative signaling route inhibiting germination was activated. Thus, our study uncovered a new role for APX6, in protecting mature desiccating and germinating seeds from excessive oxidative damage, and suggested that APX6 modulate the ROS signal cross talk with hormone signals to properly execute the germination program in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Chen
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Ilya Letnik
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Yael Hacham
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Bat-Hen Ben-Daniel
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Radomíra Vanková
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Rachel Amir
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Gad Miller
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel (C.C., I.L., B.-H.B.-D., G.M.);Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 12100, Israel (Y.H., R.A.);Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel (Y.H., R.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
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Fercha A, Capriotti AL, Caruso G, Cavaliere C, Samperi R, Stampachiacchiere S, Laganà A. Comparative analysis of metabolic proteome variation in ascorbate-primed and unprimed wheat seeds during germination under salt stress. J Proteomics 2014; 108:238-57. [PMID: 24859728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seed priming with ascorbic acid improves salt tolerance in durum wheat. For understanding the potential mechanisms underlying this priming effect a gel-free shotgun proteomic analysis was performed comparing unprimed to ascorbate-primed wheat seed during germination under saline and non-saline conditions. Since seed germination is the result of interplay or cross-talk between embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues, we studied the variation of metabolic proteome in both tissues separately. 167 of 697 identified and 69 of 471 identified proteins increase or decrease in abundance significantly in response to priming and/or salinity compared to untreated, unstressed control in embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues, respectively. In untreated wheat embryo salt stress was accompanied by change in 129 proteins, most of which are belonging to metabolism, energy, disease/defense, protein destination and storage categories. Ascorbate pretreatment prevents and counteracts the effects of salinity upon most of these proteins and changes specifically the abundance of 35 others proteins, most of which are involved in metabolism, protein destination and storage categories. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed three and two major clusters of protein expression in embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues, respectively. This study opens promising new avenues to understand priming-induced salt tolerance in plants. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE To clearly understand how ascorbate-priming enhance the salt tolerance of durum wheat during germination, we performed for the first time a comparative shotgun proteomic analysis between unprimed and ascorbate-primed wheat seeds during germination under saline and non-saline conditions. Furthermore, since seed germination is the result of interplay or cross-talk between embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues we analyzed the variation of metabolic proteome in both tissues separately. 1168 proteins exhibiting greater molecular weight diversity (ranging from 5 to 258kDa) were identified. Among them, 167 and 69 proteins were increased or decreased in abundance significantly by priming and/or salinity as compared to control, in embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues respectively. Ascorbate pretreatment alleviates the effects of salinity upon most of these proteins, particularly those involved in metabolism, energy, disease/defense, protein destination and storage functions. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed three and two major clusters of protein accumulation in embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues, respectively. These results may provide new avenues for understanding and advancing priming-induced salt tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzedine Fercha
- Department of Biology, University of Abbès Laghrour Khenchela, 40000 Khenchela, Algeria; Department of Biology, University of Mentouri Constantine, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Samperi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Chao Y, Kang J, Zhang T, Yang Q, Gruber MY, Sun Y. Disruption of the homogentisate solanesyltransferase gene results in albino and dwarf phenotypes and root, trichome and stomata defects in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94031. [PMID: 24743244 PMCID: PMC3990575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homogentisate solanesyltransferase (HST) plays an important role in plastoquinone (PQ) biosynthesis and acts as the electron acceptor in the carotenoids and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis pathways. We isolated and identified a T-DNA insertion mutant of the HST gene that displayed the albino and dwarf phenotypes. PCR analyses and functional complementation also confirmed that the mutant phenotypes were caused by disruption of the HST gene. The mutants also had some developmental defects, including trichome development and stomata closure defects. Chloroplast development was also arrested and chlorophyll (Chl) was almost absent. Developmental defects in the chloroplasts were consistent with the SDS-PAGE result and the RNAi transgenic phenotype. Exogenous gibberellin (GA) could partially rescue the dwarf phenotype and the root development defects and exogenous ABA could rescue the stomata closure defects. Further analysis showed that ABA and GA levels were both very low in the pds2-1 mutants, which suggested that biosynthesis inhibition by GAs and ABA contributed to the pds2-1 mutants' phenotypes. An early flowering phenotype was found in pds2-1 mutants, which showed that disruption of the HST gene promoted flowering by partially regulating plant hormones. RNA-sequencing showed that disruption of the HST gene resulted in expression changes to many of the genes involved in flowering time regulation and in the biosynthesis of PQ, Chl, GAs, ABA and carotenoids. These results suggest that HST is essential for chloroplast development, hormone biosynthesis, pigment accumulation and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Chao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Margaret Yvonne Gruber
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Deng D. Molecular basis and evolutionary pattern of GA-GID1-DELLA regulatory module. Mol Genet Genomics 2013; 289:1-9. [PMID: 24322346 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tetracyclic diterpenoid carboxylic acids, gibberellins (GAs), orchestrate a broad spectrum of biological programs. In nature, GAs or GA-like substance is produced in bacteria, fungi, and plants. The function of GAs in microorganisms remains largely unknown. Phytohormones GAs mediate diverse growth and developmental processes through the life cycle of plants. The GA biosynthetic and metabolic pathways in bacteria, fungi, and plants are remarkably divergent. In vascular plants, phytohormone GA, receptor GID1, and repressor DELLA shape the GA-GID1-DELLA module in GA signaling cascade. Sequence reshuffling, functional divergence, and adaptive selection are main driving forces during the evolution of GA pathway components. The GA-GID1-DELLA complex interacts with second messengers and other plant hormones to integrate environmental and endogenous cues, which is beneficial to phytohormones homeostasis and other biological events. In this review, we first briefly describe GA metabolism pathway, signaling perception, and its second messengers. Then, we examine the evolution of GA pathway genes. Finally, we focus on reviewing the crosstalk between GA-GID1-DELLA module and phytohormones. Deciphering mechanisms underlying plant hormonal interactions are not only beneficial to addressing basic biological questions, but also have practical implications for developing crops with ideotypes to meet the future demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China,
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