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Halder V, Suliman MNS, Kaschani F, Kaiser M. Plant chemical genetics reveals colistin sulphate as a SA and NPR1-independent PR1 inducer functioning via a p38-like kinase pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11196. [PMID: 31371749 PMCID: PMC6671972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, low-dose of exogenous bacterial cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) trigger transient membrane changes leading to activation of early and late defence responses. Here, a forward chemical genetics approach identifies colistin sulphate (CS) CLP as a novel plant defence inducer. CS uniquely triggers activation of the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 (PR1) gene and resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) independently of the PR1 classical inducer, salicylic acid (SA) and the key SA-signalling protein, NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1). Low bioactive concentration of CS does not trigger activation of early defence markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, it strongly suppresses primary root length elongation. Structure activity relationship (SAR) assays and mode-of-action (MoA) studies show the acyl chain and activation of a ∼46 kDa p38-like kinase pathway to be crucial for CS' bioactivity. Selective pharmacological inhibition of the active p38-like kinase pathway by SB203580 reverses CS' effects on PR1 activation and root length suppression. Our results with CS as a chemical probe highlight the existence of a novel SA- and NPR1-independent branch of PR1 activation functioning via a membrane-sensitive p38-like kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Halder
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute of Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linnè-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany. .,Chemical Biology, Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany. .,Rijk Zwaan, De Lier, 2678 ZG, The Netherlands.
| | - Mohamed N S Suliman
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute of Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linnè-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany.,Desert Research Centre, 11753 El matareya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Chemical Biology, Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Chemical Biology, Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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Lin HH, King YC, Li YC, Lin CC, Chen YC, Lin JS, Jeng ST. The p38-like MAP kinase modulated H 2O 2 accumulation in wounding signaling pathways of sweet potato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:305-313. [PMID: 30824008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv Tainung 57), MAPK cascades are involved in the regulation of Ipomoelin (IPO) expression upon wounding. p38 MAPK plays an important role in plant's responses to various environmental stresses. However, the role of p38-like MAPK in wounding response is still unknown. In this study, the levels of phosphorylated-p38-like MAPK (pp38-like MAPK) in sweet potato were noticeably reduced after wounding. In addition, SB203580 (SB), a specific inhibitor blocking p38 MAPK phosphorylation, considerably decreased the accumulation of pp38-like MAPK. Expression of a wound-inducible gene IPO was elevated by SB. Moreover, it stimulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production rather than cytosolic Ca2+ elevation in sweet potato leaves. However, NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium could not inhibit IPO induction stimulated by SB. These results indicated a p38-like MAPK mechanism was involved in the regulation of IPO expression through NOX-independent H2O2 generation. In addition, the presence of the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid or the MEK1/ERK inhibitor PD98059 repressed the H2O2- or SB-induced IPO expression, demonstrating phosphatase(s) and MEK1/ERK functioning in the downstream of H2O2 and pp38-like MAPK in the signal transduction pathway stimulating IPO. Conclusively, wounding decreased the amount of pp38-like MAPK, stimulated H2O2 production, and then induced IPO expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi King
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Li
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, 82444, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shane Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Department of life sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Tong Jeng
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Laporte D, Valdés N, González A, Sáez CA, Zúñiga A, Navarrete A, Meneses C, Moenne A. Copper-induced overexpression of genes encoding antioxidant system enzymes and metallothioneins involve the activation of CaMs, CDPKs and MEK1/2 in the marine alga Ulva compressa. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:433-40. [PMID: 27395803 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analyses were performed in the green macroalga Ulva compressa cultivated with 10μM copper for 24h. Nucleotide sequences encoding antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (ap), dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar) and glutathione reductase (gr), enzymes involved in ascorbate (ASC) synthesis l-galactose dehydrogenase (l-gdh) and l-galactono lactone dehydrogenase (l-gldh), in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-gcl) and glutathione synthase (gs), and metal-chelating proteins metallothioneins (mt) were identified. Amino acid sequences encoded by transcripts identified in U. compressa corresponding to antioxidant system enzymes showed homology mainly to plant and green alga enzymes but those corresponding to MTs displayed homology to animal and plant MTs. Level of transcripts encoding the latter proteins were quantified in the alga cultivated with 10μM copper for 0-12 days. Transcripts encoding enzymes of the antioxidant system increased with maximal levels at day 7, 9 or 12, and for MTs at day 3, 7 or 12. In addition, the involvement of calmodulins (CaMs), calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) in the increase of the level of the latter transcripts was analyzed using inhibitors. Transcript levels decreased with inhibitors of CaMs, CDPKs and MEK1/2. Thus, copper induces overexpression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, enzymes involved in ASC and GSH syntheses and MTs. The increase in transcript levels may involve the activation of CaMs, CDPKs and MEK1/2 in U. compressa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Laporte
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Valdés
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto González
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio A Sáez
- Laboratory of Coastal Toxicology, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha, Traslaviña 450, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Antonio Zúñiga
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Axel Navarrete
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile; FONDAP, Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile.
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Livanos P, Galatis B, Gaitanaki C, Apostolakos P. Phosphorylation of a p38-like MAPK is involved in sensing cellular redox state and drives atypical tubulin polymer assembly in angiosperms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1130-43. [PMID: 24138172 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance is a stressful condition for plant cells accompanied by dramatic changes in tubulin cytoskeleton. Here, evidence is provided that alterations in ROS levels directly interfere with the phosphorylation state of a p38-like MAPK in the angiosperms Triticum turgidum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Both oxidative stress generators and chemicals inducing ROS scavenging or decreasing ROS production resulted in the accumulation of a phospho-p46 protein similar to p38-MAPK. Importantly, the rhd2 A. thaliana mutants exhibited a remarkable increase in levels of phospho-p46. The presence of the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuated the response to ROS disturbance, prevented microtubule disappearance and resulted in a dramatic decrease in the number of atypical tubulin polymers. Moreover, in roots treated simultaneously with substances inducing ROS overproduction and others resulting in low ROS levels, phospho-p46 levels and the organization of tubulin cytoskeleton were similar to controls. Collectively, our experimental data suggest, for the first time in plants, that p46 functions as a putative sensor of redox state, the activation of which initiates downstream signalling events leading to microtubule disruption and subsequent assembly of atypical tubulin polymers. Thus, p46 seems to participate in perception of ROS homeostasis disturbance as well as in cellular responses to redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Livanos
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, 15784, Greece
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Livanos P, Galatis B, Apostolakos P. The interplay between ROS and tubulin cytoskeleton in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e28069. [PMID: 24521945 PMCID: PMC4091245 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants have to deal with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, since it could potentially cause severe damages to different cellular components. On the other hand, ROS functioning as important second messengers are implicated in various developmental processes and are transiently produced during biotic or abiotic stresses. Furthermore, the microtubules (MTs) play a primary role in plant development and appear as potent players in sensing stressful situations and in the subsequent cellular responses. Emerging evidence suggests that ROS affect MTs in multiple ways. The cellular redox status seems to be tightly coupled with MTs. ROS signals regulate the organization of tubulin cytoskeleton and induce tubulin modifications. This review aims at summarizing the signaling mechanisms and the key operators orchestrating the crosstalk between ROS and tubulin cytoskeleton in plant cells. The contribution of several molecules, including microtubule associated proteins, oxidases, kinases, phospholipases, and transcription factors, is highlighted.
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Zhang T, Chen S, Harmon AC. Protein phosphorylation in stomatal movement. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e972845. [PMID: 25482764 PMCID: PMC4622631 DOI: 10.4161/15592316.2014.972845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As research progresses on how guard cells perceive and transduce environmental cues to regulate stomatal movement, plant biologists are discovering key roles of protein phosphorylation. Early research efforts focused on characterization of ion channels and transporters in guard cell hormonal signaling. Subsequent genetic studies identified mutants of kinases and phosphatases that are defective in regulating guard cell ion channel activities, and recently proteins regulated by phosphorylation have been identified. Here we review the essential role of protein phosphorylation in ABA-induced stomatal closure and in blue light-induced stomatal opening. We also highlight evidence for the cross-talk between different pathways, which is mediated by protein phosphorylation.
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Key Words
- AAPK, ABA activated protein kinase
- ABA
- ABA, abscisic acid
- ABI, abscisic acid insensitive
- AHK5, Arabidopsis histidine kinases 5
- AKS, ABA-responsive kinase substrates
- BL, blue light
- BLUS1, blue light signaling1
- CBL, calcineurin-B like proteins
- CIPK, CBL-interacting protein kinase
- CPK, calcium dependent protein kinase
- EPs, epidermal peels
- GCPs, guard cell protoplasts
- GHR1, guard cell hydrogen peroxide-resistant1
- HAB1, homology to ABI1
- HRB1, hypersensitive to red and blue 1
- HXK, hexokinase
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- KAT1, K+ channel in A. thaliana 1
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- MAP4K, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase
- MPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MeJA, methyl jasmonate
- NO, nitric oxide
- OST1, open stomata 1
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PHO1, phosphate1
- PP1, protein phosphatase
- PP7, protein phosphatase
- PRSL1, PP1 regulatory subunit2-like protein1
- PTPases, protein tyrosine phosphatases
- QUAC1, quickly-activating anion channel 1
- RBOH, respiratory burst oxidase homolog
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLAC1, slow anion channel-associated 1
- SnRK2.6, sucrose nonfermenting-1 (Snf1)-related protein kinase 2.6
- blue light
- guard cell, ion channel
- kinase
- phosphatase
- protein phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology and the University of Florida Genetics Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology and the University of Florida Genetics Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Alice C Harmon
- Department of Biology and the University of Florida Genetics Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL USA
- Correspondence to: Alice C Harmon;
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Shi YC, Fu YP, Liu WQ. NADPH oxidase in plasma membrane is involved in stomatal closure induced by dehydroascorbate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 51:26-30. [PMID: 22153236 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stoma is surrounded by two guard cells, and regulates the contents of water and CO(2) in plant, its opening and closing was affected by various factors. Recently, dehydroascorbate was found to induce stomata closure and H(2)O(2) generation. However, the mechanism of H(2)O(2) production is not clear. DPI and imidazole inhibit the flavoprotein and the b(-type) cytochrome components of the NADPH oxidase complex. Application of DPI or imidazole with DHA together impaired stomatal closure and elevation of H(2)DCF-DA fluorescent intensity induced by DHA in guard cells. CoCl(2) and PD98059, as the blocker of calcium channel and the inhibitor of MAPKKK, both impaired stomatal closure induced by DHA. The results suggested that DHA-induced H(2)O(2) generation via activation of NADPH oxidase, and thus resulting in stomatal closure. Moreover, Ca(2+) channel and MAPK cascades were involved in stomatal closure induced by DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chun Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Tobacco Planting, Physiology and Biochemistry, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
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Livanos P, Galatis B, Quader H, Apostolakos P. Disturbance of reactive oxygen species homeostasis induces atypical tubulin polymer formation and affects mitosis in root-tip cells of Triticum turgidum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2011; 69:1-21. [PMID: 21976360 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of disturbance of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis on the organization of tubulin cytoskeleton in interphase and mitotic root-tip cells of Triticum turgidum and Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated. Reduced ROS levels were obtained by treatment with diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and N-acetyl-cysteine, whereas menadione was applied to achieve ROS overproduction. Both increased and low ROS levels induced: (a) Macrotubule formation in cells with low ROS levels and tubulin paracrystals under oxidative stress. The protein MAP65-1 was detected in treated cells, exhibiting a conformation comparable to that of the atypical tubulin polymers. (b) Disappearance of microtubules (MTs). (c) Inhibition of preprophase band formation. (d) Delay of the nuclear envelope breakdown at prometaphase. (e) Prevention of perinuclear tubulin polymer assembly in prophase cells. (f) Loss of bipolarity of prophase, metaphase and anaphase spindles. Interestingly, examination of the A. thaliana rhd2/At respiratory burst oxidase homolog C (rbohc) NADPH oxidase mutant, lacking RHD2/AtRBOHC, gave comparable results. Similarly to DPI, the decreased ROS levels in rhd2 root-tip cells, interfered with MT organization and induced macrotubule assembly. These data indicate, for first time in plants, that ROS are definitely implicated in: (a) mechanisms controlling the assembly/disassembly of interphase, preprophase and mitotic MT systems and (b) mitotic spindle function. The probable mechanisms, by which ROS affect these processes, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Livanos
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Burch ML, Yang SNY, Ballinger ML, Getachew R, Osman N, Little PJ. TGF-beta stimulates biglycan synthesis via p38 and ERK phosphorylation of the linker region of Smad2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2077-90. [PMID: 20213272 PMCID: PMC11115902 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta treatment of human vascular smooth-muscle cells increases the expression of biglycan and causes marked elongation of its glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. We investigated the role of MAP kinases and Smad transcription factors in this response. TGF-beta-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK as well as Smad2 at both its carboxy terminal (phospho-Smad2C) and in the linker region (phospho-Smad2L). Pharmacological inhibition of ERK and p38 blocked TGF-beta-mediated GAG elongation and expression of biglycan whereas inhibition of JNK had no effect. Inhibition of ERK and p38 but not JNK attenuated the effect of TGF-beta to increase phospho-Smad2L. High levels of phospho-Smad2L were detected in a nuclear fraction of TGF-beta treated cells. Thus, MAP kinase signaling through ERK and p38 and via phosphorylation of the linker region of Smad2 mediates the effects of TGF-beta on biglycan synthesis in vascular smooth-muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah L. Burch
- Diabetes and Cell Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University School of Medicine (Alfred Hospital), Prahran, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Sundy N. Y. Yang
- Diabetes and Cell Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Mandy L. Ballinger
- Diabetes and Cell Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
- Present Address: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia
| | - Robel Getachew
- Diabetes and Cell Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Narin Osman
- Diabetes and Cell Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University School of Medicine (Alfred Hospital), Prahran, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Peter J. Little
- Diabetes and Cell Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University School of Medicine (Alfred Hospital), Prahran, VIC 3004 Australia
- Diabetes and Cell Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, St. Kilda Rd Central, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC 8008 Australia
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