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Xiao M, Jia X, Wang N, Kang J, Hu X, Goff HD, Cui SW, Ding H, Guo Q. Therapeutic potential of non-starch polysaccharides on type 2 diabetes: from hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1177-1210. [PMID: 36036965 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) have been reported to exert therapeutic potential on managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various mechanisms have been proposed; however, several studies have not considered the correlations between the anti-T2DM activity of NSPs and their molecular structure. Moreover, the current understanding of the role of NSPs in T2DM treatment is mainly based on in vitro and in vivo data, and more human clinical trials are required to verify the actual efficacy in treating T2DM. The related anti-T2DM mechanisms of NSPs, including regulating insulin action, promoting glucose metabolism and regulating postprandial blood glucose level, anti-inflammatory and regulating gut microbiota (GM), are reviewed. The structure-function relationships are summarized, and the relationships between NSPs structure and anti-T2DM activity from clinical trials are highlighted. The development of anti-T2DM medication or dietary supplements of NSPs could be promoted with an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects in the treatment/intervention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering & Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Sohrabipour S, Sharifi MR, Sharifi M, Talebi A, Soltani N. Combination Therapy with GABA and MgSO 4 Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Rat. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:2144615. [PMID: 35211170 PMCID: PMC8863457 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2144615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) play a crucial role in glycemic control. Therefore, we studied the effect of combination therapy with GABA and MgSO4 to improve insulin sensitivity in diabetes induced by streptozotocin as well as high-fat diet in a diabetic rat model. Design and Methods. Forty randomly selected rats were assigned to four groups: nondiabetic control group was fed the normal diet, insulin-resistant diabetic rat model was induced by streptozotocin and high-fat diet, GABA + MgSO4 group received GABA and MgSO4, and insulin group was treated with insulin. Body weight, abdominal fat, blood glucose, serum insulin, and glucagon concentration were measured. The glucose clamp technique, glucose tolerance test, and insulin tolerance test were performed to study insulin sensitivity. Also, the expressions of glucose 6 phosphatase, glucagon receptor, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes in liver were assessed for the gluconeogenesis pathway. Protein translocation and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) genes expression in muscle were also assessed. RESULTS Combination of GABA + MgSO4 or insulin therapy enhanced insulin level, glycemic control, glucose and insulin tolerance test, some enzymes expression in the gluconeogenesis pathway, body fat, body weight, and glucagon receptor in diabetic rats. Moreover, an increase was observed in protein and gene expression of Glut4. Insulin sensitivity in combination therapy was more than the insulin group. CONCLUSIONS GABA and MgSO4 enhanced insulin sensitivity via increasing Glut4 and reducing the gluconeogenesis enzyme and glucagon receptor gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Sohrabipour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharifi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Gao H, Ding L, Liu R, Zheng X, Xia X, Wang F, Qi J, Tong W, Qiu Y. Characterization of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide and its therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:259-269. [PMID: 33675836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii is a traditional herb in China that can be potentially used to treat diabetes. A novel polysaccharide ARLP-W was isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii by chromatography on DEAE-52 cellulose. Chemical analysis indicated that ARLP-W (8.1 × 104 Da) was mainly composed of mannose and glucose. The main linkages of glycosidic bonds of ARLP-W were β-1, 4-Manp and α-1, 4-Glcp. The terminal Glcp was connected to Manp-via O-3. RT-qPCR and western blotting analysis showed that ARLP-W caused a significant reduction in the levels of the key gluconeogenesis enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in the liver. The results of the insulin resistance tests indicated that ARLP-W increased glucose absorption. These results indicate that ARLP-W has a good therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes and can assist with further development and application treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashan Gao
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Linlin Ding
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Xichao Xia
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Fuan Wang
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Jinxu Qi
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Weishuang Tong
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.
| | - Yuanhao Qiu
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.
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Gao Z, Wang B, Gong X, Yao C, Ren D, Shao L, Pang Y, Liu J. Effect of gastric bypass combined with ileal transportation on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4571-4577. [PMID: 29725390 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive disease, which manifests as an endocrine disorder. Among the different methods of surgery available to treat patients with T2DM, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and ileal transposition (IT) are the most commonly performed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of RYGBP combined with IT on rats with T2DM. A total of 8 healthy male rats were used as a control group and 40 GK rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: A diabetes mellitus (DM) group, a sham operative group (SO), a RYGBP group, an IT group and a RYGBP+IT group. The results demonstrated that fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels in all treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the SO and DM groups. Furthermore, levels TC and TG in the RYGBP+IT group were significantly lower than in the RYGBP and IT groups. Levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA and IRS-2 protein in all treatment groups were also significantly lower than those of the SO group; and they were significantly lower in the RYGBP+IT group compared with the RYGBP and IT groups. The expression of phosphorylated Akt in the treatment groups was significantly higher than the SO group and was significantly higher in the RYGBP+IT group compared with the RYGBP and IT groups. These results indicate that RYGBP and IT surgical treatment can induce T2DM remission by mediating the expression of insulin-related factors to reverse insulin resistance. The current study also indicated that the effect of RYGBP combined with IT may be developed as a novel first-line method of treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Chun Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Defa Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Shao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Yan Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
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