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Pan P, Guo A, Peng L. Establishment of glioma prognosis nomogram based on the function of meox1 in promoting the progression of cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29827. [PMID: 38707372 PMCID: PMC11066332 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas stand out as highly predominant malignant nervous tumors and are linked to adverse treatment outcomes and short survival periods. Current treatment options are limited, emphasizing the need to identify effective therapeutic targets. The heterogeneity of tumors necessitates a personalized treatment approach with an effective grouping system. Meox1 has been implicated in promoting tumor progression in diverse cancers; nonetheless, its role in gliomas remains unelucidated. Material/methods Utilized immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of Meox1 protein in glioma tissues. Proliferation and invasion assays were conducted on wild-type and meox1-overexpressed glioma cells using the CCK8 and Transwell assays, respectively. The expression levels of meox1 and its related genes in gliomas were obtained from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), along with the corresponding patient survival periods. LASSO regression modeling was employed to construct a scoring system for patients with gliomas, categorizing them into high-/low-risk groups. Additionally, a nomogram for predicting the survival period of patients with glioma was developed using multivariate logistic analysis. Results We attempted, for the first time, to demonstrate heightened expression of Meox1 in glioma tumor tissues, correlating with significantly increased invasion and proliferation abilities of glioma cells following meox1 overexpression. The scoring system effectively stratified patients with glioma into high-/low-risk groups, revealing differences in the survival period and immunotherapy efficacy between the two groups. The integration of this scoring system with other clinical indicators yielded a nomogram capable of effectively predicting the survival period of individuals with gliomas. Conclusions Our study established a stratified investigation system based on the levels of meox1 and its related genes, providing a novel, cost-effective model for facilitating the prognosis prediction of individuals with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Pan
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luhe People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Peng
- Department of clinical laboratory, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ravn-Boess N, Roy N, Hattori T, Bready D, Donaldson H, Lawson C, Lapierre C, Korman A, Rodrick T, Liu E, Frenster JD, Stephan G, Wilcox J, Corrado AD, Cai J, Ronnen R, Wang S, Haddock S, Sabio Ortiz J, Mishkit O, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Tsirigos A, Fenyö D, Zagzag D, Drube J, Hoffmann C, Perna F, Jones DR, Possemato R, Koide A, Koide S, Park CY, Placantonakis DG. The expression profile and tumorigenic mechanisms of CD97 (ADGRE5) in glioblastoma render it a targetable vulnerability. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113374. [PMID: 37938973 PMCID: PMC10841603 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have attracted interest for their potential as treatment targets. Here, we show that CD97 (ADGRE5) is the most promising aGPCR target in GBM, by virtue of its de novo expression compared to healthy brain tissue. CD97 knockdown or knockout significantly reduces the tumor initiation capacity of patient-derived GBM cultures (PDGCs) in vitro and in vivo. We find that CD97 promotes glycolytic metabolism via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which depends on phosphorylation of its C terminus and recruitment of β-arrestin. We also demonstrate that THY1/CD90 is a likely CD97 ligand in GBM. Lastly, we show that an anti-CD97 antibody-drug conjugate selectively kills tumor cells in vitro. Our studies identify CD97 as a regulator of tumor metabolism, elucidate mechanisms of receptor activation and signaling, and provide strong scientific rationale for developing biologics to target it therapeutically in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ravn-Boess
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nainita Roy
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Takamitsu Hattori
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Devin Bready
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hayley Donaldson
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christopher Lawson
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cathryn Lapierre
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aryeh Korman
- Metabolomics Laboratory, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tori Rodrick
- Metabolomics Laboratory, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Enze Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joshua D Frenster
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gabriele Stephan
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jordan Wilcox
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexis D Corrado
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julia Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca Ronnen
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sara Haddock
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jonathan Sabio Ortiz
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Orin Mishkit
- Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Aris Tsirigos
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Zagzag
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julia Drube
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Drew R Jones
- Metabolomics Laboratory, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Richard Possemato
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dimitris G Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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3
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Wu D, Chen X, Zhou S, Li B. Reactive oxidative species (ROS)-based nanomedicine for BBB crossing and glioma treatment: current status and future directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241791. [PMID: 37731484 PMCID: PMC10507261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults with poor prognosis. Current clinical treatment for glioma includes surgical resection along with chemoradiotherapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy is still unsatisfactory. The invasive nature of the glioma makes it impossible to completely resect it. The presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) blocks chemotherapeutic drugs access to brain parenchyma for glioma treatment. Besides, tumor heterogeneity and hypoxic tumor microenvironment remarkably limit the efficacy of radiotherapy. With rapid advances of nanotechnology, the emergence of a new treatment approach, namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based nanotherapy, provides an effective approach for eliminating glioma via generating large amounts of ROS in glioma cells. In addition, the emerging nanotechnology also provides BBB-crossing strategies, which allows effective ROS-based nanotherapy of glioma. In this review, we summarized ROS-based nanomedicine and their application in glioma treatment, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), radiation therapy, etc. Moreover, the current challenges and future prospects of ROS-based nanomedicine are also elucidated with the intention to accelerate its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tongjiang People’s Hospital, Tongjiang, China
| | - Shuqiu Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The Fourth Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Lutfi Ismaeel G, Makki AlHassani OJ, S Alazragi R, Hussein Ahmed A, H Mohamed A, Yasir Jasim N, Hassan Shari F, Almashhadani HA. Genetically engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) therapy for neurological diseases; state-of-the-art. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3363. [PMID: 37221947 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent stem cells with remarkable self-renewal potential and also unique competencies to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes (ODCs) and improve the cellular microenvironment. In addition, NSCs secret diversity of mediators, including neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF, NGF, GDNF, CNTF, and NT-3), pro-angiogenic mediators (e.g., FGF-2 and VEGF), and anti-inflammatory biomolecules. Thereby, NSCs transplantation has become a reasonable and effective treatment for various neurodegenerative disorders by their capacity to induce neurogenesis and vasculogenesis and dampen neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Nonetheless, various drawbacks such as lower migration and survival and less differential capacity to a particular cell lineage concerning the disease pathogenesis hinder their application. Thus, genetic engineering of NSCs before transplantation is recently regarded as an innovative strategy to bypass these hurdles. Indeed, genetically modified NSCs could bring about more favored therapeutic influences post-transplantation in vivo, making them an excellent option for neurological disease therapy. This review for the first time offers a comprehensive review of the therapeutic capability of genetically modified NSCs rather than naïve NSCs in neurological disease beyond brain tumors and sheds light on the recent progress and prospect in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghufran Lutfi Ismaeel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Reem S Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Hussein Ahmed
- Department of Radiology and Sonar, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Asma'a H Mohamed
- Intelligent Medical Systems Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Nisreen Yasir Jasim
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Falah Hassan Shari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Schiera G, Cancemi P, Di Liegro CM, Naselli F, Volpes S, Cruciata I, Cardinale PS, Vaglica F, Calligaris M, Carreca AP, Chiarelli R, Scilabra SD, Leone O, Caradonna F, Di Liegro I. An In Vitro Model of Glioma Development. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14050990. [PMID: 37239349 DOI: 10.3390/genes14050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the prevalent forms of brain cancer and derive from glial cells. Among them, astrocytomas are the most frequent. Astrocytes are fundamental for most brain functions, as they contribute to neuronal metabolism and neurotransmission. When they acquire cancer properties, their functions are altered, and, in addition, they start invading the brain parenchyma. Thus, a better knowledge of transformed astrocyte molecular properties is essential. With this aim, we previously developed rat astrocyte clones with increasing cancer properties. In this study, we used proteomic analysis to compare the most transformed clone (A-FC6) with normal primary astrocytes. We found that 154 proteins are downregulated and 101 upregulated in the clone. Moreover, 46 proteins are only expressed in the clone and 82 only in the normal cells. Notably, only 11 upregulated/unique proteins are encoded in the duplicated q arm of isochromosome 8 (i(8q)), which cytogenetically characterizes the clone. Since both normal and transformed brain cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which might induce epigenetic modifications in the neighboring cells, we also compared EVs released from transformed and normal astrocytes. Interestingly, we found that the clone releases EVs containing proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), that can modify the extracellular matrix, thus allowing invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cancemi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flores Naselli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Volpes
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Sofia Cardinale
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabiola Vaglica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Calligaris
- Proteomics Group, Department of Research, ISMETT-IRCCS, Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Carreca
- Proteomics Group, Department of Research, ISMETT-IRCCS, Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiarelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Dario Scilabra
- Proteomics Group, Department of Research, ISMETT-IRCCS, Ri.MED Foundation, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Olga Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palerm, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palerm, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Angolkar M, Paramshetti S, Halagali P, Jain V, Patil AB, Somanna P. Nanotechnological advancements in the brain tumor therapy: a novel approach. Ther Deliv 2023; 13:531-557. [PMID: 36802944 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2022-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnological advancements over the past few years have led to the development of newer treatment strategies in brain cancer therapy which leads to the establishment of nano oncology. Nanostructures with high specificity, are best suitable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Their desired physicochemical properties, such as small sizes, shape, higher surface area to volume ratio, distinctive structural features, and the possibility to attach various substances on their surface transform them into potential transport carriers able to cross various cellular and tissue barriers, including the BBB. The review emphasizes nanotechnology-based treatment strategies for the exploration of brain tumors and highlights the current progress of different nanomaterials for the effective delivery of drugs for brain tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Angolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Praveen Halagali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Amit B Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Preethi Somanna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru, 570015, India
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Gu Q, Li L, Yao J, Dong FY, Gan Y, Zhou S, Wang X, Wang XF. Identification and verification of the temozolomide resistance feature gene DACH1 in gliomas. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1120103. [PMID: 36959804 PMCID: PMC10028258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1120103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The most important chemotherapy treatment for glioma patients is temozolomide. However, the development of drug resistance severely restricts the use of temozolomide. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism of temozolomide resistance, enhancing temozolomide sensitivity, and extending patient survival are urgent tasks for researchers. Methods Temozolomide resistance hub differential genes were identified using differential analysis and protein interaction analysis from the GEO datasets (GSE100736 and GSE113510). These genes were further studied in glioma patients treated with temozolomide in the TCGA and CGGA databases. Patients from the mRNAseq_325 dataset (CGGA) were considered as the training set to construct a risk model for predicting glioma sensitivity to temozolomide, while patients from the mRNAseq_693 dataset (CGGA) and TCGA-GBM dataset were considered as the validation set to evaluate the performance of models. PCR and western blot were performed to determine the difference in expression of the feature gene DACH1 between glioma cells and temozolomide-resistant glioma cells. The alterations in the sensitivity of tumor cells to temozolomide were also observed after DACH1 was silenced. The patients were then divided into two groups based on the expression of DACH1, and the differences in patient survival rates, molecular pathway activation, and level of immune infiltration were compared. Results Based on four signature genes (AHR, DACH1, MGMT, and YAP1), a risk model for predicting glioma sensitivity to temozolomide was constructed, and the results of timeROC in both the training and validation sets showed that the model had good predictive performance. The expression of the signature gene DACH1 was significantly downregulated in temozolomide-resistant cells, according to the results of the PCR and western blot experiments. The sensitivity of tumor cells to temozolomide was significantly reduced after DACH1 was silenced. DACH1 probably regulates temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma through the transcriptional dysregulation in cancer and ECM. Discussion This study constructs a risk model that can predict glioma susceptibility to temozolomide and validates the function of the feature gene DACH1, which provides a promising target for the research of temozolomide resistance.
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Jiang L, Liu J. Prefoldin 6 promotes glioma progression via the AKT signalling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:52-62. [PMID: 36300673 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are one of the most aggressive primary tumours, accounting for 81% of malignant brain tumours, and are associated with a significant mortality. Therefore, the elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying glioma progression and identification of promising treatment targets are necessary. Here, the expression of prefoldin (PFDN) 6 in human glioma tissues and cell lines was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Celigo and CCK-8 assays were performed for assessing cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to analyse apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to observe cell migration. Lastly, xenograft models were developed for the in vivo validation of the results, and a human phospho-kinase array was used to explore the downstream signalling pathways. PFDN6 was upregulated in gliomas, and PFDN6 overexpression was significantly correlated with a low survival rate, estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) expression, and tumour grade and recurrence. Moreover, PFDN6 knockdown significantly attenuated cell proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis, and blocked cell cycle progression in the G2 phase, which was further confirmed in the in vivo experiments. Mechanistically, the effects of PFDN6 may be mediated via the AKT signalling pathway. In conclusion, we showed that PFDN6 promotes glioma development by activating AKT signalling and emphasised the potential of PFDN6 as a crucial target in glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianglei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Zhang H, Meng S, Chu K, Chu S, Fan YC, Bai J, Yu ZQ. KIF4A drives gliomas growth by transcriptional repression of Rac1/Cdc42 to induce cytoskeletal remodeling in glioma cells. J Cancer 2022; 13:3640-3651. [PMID: 36606197 PMCID: PMC9809311 DOI: 10.7150/jca.77238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most prevalent cancers diseases in the worldwide. Kinesin superfamily protein 4 (KIF4), a KIF member classified in Kinesin 4 has been indicated as a mediator acted in tumorigenesis of human cancer. However, the mechanism of KIF4A on glioma is yet to be investigated. This study aimed to explore the potential function and mechanism of KIF4A in gliomas. We analyzed the KIF4A expression and the prognosis in gliomas patients using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. KIF4A level in normal human astrocyte cell (NHA) and glioma cell lines were examined by Western blot. We studied the function of KIF4A on proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle in glioma cell lines using a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis was applied to searching potential KIF4A related downstream in glioma. We identified the significant up-regulated expression of KIF4A both in glioma tissues and cell. Glioma patients with elevated KIF4A expression have shorter survival. Down-regulation of KIF4A exerted inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, invasion and migration. We crucially identified that KIF4A drives gliomas growth by transcriptional repression of Rac1/Cdc42 to induce cytoskeletal remodeling in glioma cells. Knockdown of KIF4A decreased RohA, Rac1, Cdc42, Pak1 and Pak2 expression level. Our study provided a prospect that KIF4A functions as an oncogene in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Seng Meng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Chu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sufang Chu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Chao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Zheng-Quan Yu, Department of Neurosurgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. E-mail: ; Jin Bai, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University. 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China. E-mail: ; Yue-Chao Fan, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China. E-mail:
| | - Jin Bai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Zheng-Quan Yu, Department of Neurosurgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. E-mail: ; Jin Bai, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University. 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China. E-mail: ; Yue-Chao Fan, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China. E-mail:
| | - Zheng-Quan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Zheng-Quan Yu, Department of Neurosurgery, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. E-mail: ; Jin Bai, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University. 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China. E-mail: ; Yue-Chao Fan, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China. E-mail:
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Ghauri MS, Reddy AJ, Tabaie E, Issagholian L, Brahmbhatt T, Seo Y, Dang A, Nawathey N, Bachir A, Patel R. Evaluating the Utilization of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid as a Treatment Supplement for Gliomas. Cureus 2022; 14:e31617. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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11
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Baek IK, Cheong HS, Namgoong S, Kim JH, Kang SG, Yoon SJ, Kim SH, Chang JH, Kim LH, Shin HD. Two independent variants of epidermal growth factor receptor associated with risk of glioma in a Korean population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19014. [PMID: 36347915 PMCID: PMC9643523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary tumors in the brain and spinal cord. In previous GWASs, SNPs in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been reported as risk loci for gliomas. However, EGFR variants associated with gliomas in the Korean population remain unstudied. This study explored the association of EGFR SNPs with the risk of glioma. We genotyped 13 EGFR exon SNPs in a case-control study that included 324 Korean patients diagnosed with glioma and 480 population-based controls. Statistical analyses of the association between EGFR SNPs and glioma risk were conducted using logistic regression. Both stepwise analysis and conditional logistic analysis were performed to identify independent associations among genotyped variants. We confirmed that two SNPs (rs2227983, rs1050171) were significantly associated with glioma (rs2227983: odds ratio = 1.42, Pcorr = 0.009; rs1050171: odds ratio = 1.68, Pcorr = 0.005). Additionally, the stepwise analysis and conditional logistic analysis indicated that both SNPs created variants with independent genetic effects. This study is the first to show evidence that functional variants of EGFR, namely, rs2227983 (K521R) and rs1050171 (Q787Q), are associated with an increased risk of glioma in the Korean population. Future work should confirm the functional association between EGFR variants and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ki Baek
- grid.263736.50000 0001 0286 5954Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Cheong
- Research Institute for Life Science, GW Vitek, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Namgoong
- Research Institute for Life Science, GW Vitek, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lyoung Hyo Kim
- Research Institute for Life Science, GW Vitek, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- grid.263736.50000 0001 0286 5954Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea ,grid.263736.50000 0001 0286 5954Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Jovanovich N, Habib A, Head J, Anthony A, Edwards L, Zinn PO. Opinion: Bridging gaps and doubts in glioblastoma cell-of-origin. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1002933. [PMID: 36338762 PMCID: PMC9634038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1002933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolina Jovanovich
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jeffery Head
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Austin Anthony
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lincoln Edwards
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pascal O. Zinn
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pascal O. Zinn,
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13
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Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery: Challenges and Perspectives of Metformin as Anti-Angiogenic Add-On Therapy in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010112. [PMID: 35008275 PMCID: PMC8749852 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with the highest incidence and the worst prognosis. Life expectancy from diagnosis remains dismal, at around 15 months, despite surgical resection and treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Given the aggressiveness of the tumor and the inefficiency of the treatments adopted to date, the scientific research investigates innovative therapeutic approaches. Importantly, angiogenesis represents one of the main features of glioblastoma, becoming in the last few years a major candidate for target therapy. Metformin, a well-established therapy for type 2 diabetes, offered excellent results in preventing and fighting tumor progression, particularly against angiogenic mechanisms. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss experimental evidence of metformin anti-cancer efficacy, with the aim of proposing this totally safe and tolerable drug as add-on therapy against glioblastoma. Abstract Glioblastoma is the most common primitive tumor in adult central nervous system (CNS), classified as grade IV according to WHO 2016 classification. Glioblastoma shows a poor prognosis with an average survival of approximately 15 months, representing an extreme therapeutic challenge. One of its distinctive and aggressive features is aberrant angiogenesis, which drives tumor neovascularization, representing a promising candidate for molecular target therapy. Although several pre-clinical studies and clinical trials have shown promising results, anti-angiogenic drugs have not led to a significant improvement in overall survival (OS), suggesting the necessity of identifying novel therapeutic strategies. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug of the Biguanides family, used as first line treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antitumoral efficacy in many different tumors, including glioblastoma. From this evidence, a process of repurposing of the drug has begun, leading to the demonstration of inhibition of various oncopromoter mechanisms and, consequently, to the identification of the molecular pathways involved. Here, we review and discuss metformin’s potential antitumoral effects on glioblastoma, inspecting if it could properly act as an anti-angiogenic compound to be considered as a safely add-on therapy in the treatment and management of glioblastoma patients.
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14
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Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Dulewicz M, Mroczko B. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) Family: Their Significance in Malignant Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910378. [PMID: 34638718 PMCID: PMC8508774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the considerable advances in diagnostic methods in medicine, central nervous system (CNS) tumors, particularly the most common ones-gliomas-remain incurable, with similar incidence rates and mortality. A growing body of literature has revealed that degradation of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) might be involved in the pathogenesis of CNS tumors. However, the subfamily of MMPs, known as disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins are unique due to both adhesive and proteolytic activities. The objective of our review is to present the role of ADAMs in CNS tumors, particularly their involvement in the development of malignant gliomas. Moreover, we focus on the diagnostic and prognostic significance of selected ADAMs in patients with these neoplasms. It has been proven that ADAM12, ADAMTS4 and 5 are implicated in the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, ADAM8 and ADAM19 are correlated with the invasive activity of glioma cells and unfavorable survival, while ADAM9, -10 and -17 are associated with tumor grade and histological type of gliomas and can be used as prognostic factors. In conclusion, several ADAMs might serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for malignant CNS tumors. However, future research on ADAMs biology should be performed to elucidate new strategies for tumor diagnosis and treatment of patients with these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-8318785; Fax: +48-85-8318585
| | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
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15
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Zhang GL, Wang CF, Qian C, Ji YX, Wang YZ. Role and mechanism of neural stem cells of the subventricular zone in glioblastoma. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:877-893. [PMID: 34367482 PMCID: PMC8316865 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequently occurring malignant brain tumor in adults, remains mostly untreatable. Because of the heterogeneity of invasive gliomas and drug resistance associated with the tumor microenvironment, the prognosis is poor, and the survival rate of patients is low. Communication between GBMs and non-glioma cells in the tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in tumor growth and recurrence. Emerging data have suggested that neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) are the cells-of-origin of gliomas, and SVZ NSC involvement is associated with the progression and recurrence of GBM. This review highlights the interaction between SVZ NSCs and gliomas, summarizes current findings on the crosstalk between gliomas and other non-glioma cells, and describes the links between SVZ NSCs and gliomas. We also discuss the role and mechanism of SVZ NSCs in glioblastoma, as well as the interventions targeting the SVZ and their therapeutic implications in glioblastoma. Taken together, understanding the biological mechanism of glioma-NSC interactions can lead to new therapeutic strategies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Long Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ye-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
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16
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Functionalized carbon nano onion as a novel drug delivery system for brain targeting. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Cao Y, Chai W, Wang Y, Tang D, Shao D, Song H, Long J. lncRNA TUG1 inhibits the cancer stem cell‑like properties of temozolomide‑resistant glioma cells by interacting with EZH2. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:533. [PMID: 34036375 PMCID: PMC8170197 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is currently one of the first-line drugs used for the treatment of high-grade gliomas. However, TMZ resistance results in unsatisfactory therapeutic effects in gliomas. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have recently been determined to serve a pivotal regulatory role in tumor metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance. In addition, numerous reports have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert an essential role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and can be used as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Among them, studies have revealed that taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) exhibits an important regulatory effect on the malignant biological behavior of glioma cells. Moreover, it has been reported that enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 polycomb repressive complex subunit 2 (EZH2) promotes tumorigenesis, including in glioma. However, the underlying mechanism of the interaction of TUG1 and EZH2 with CSCs of glioma remains elusive, and thus requires further clarification. The present study aimed to explore the role of TUG1 and EZH2 in TMZ resistance in glioma. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation,sphere formation and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays were used to detect the proliferation, clone formation efficiency, stemness and apoptosis of TMZ-resistant glioma cells. Xenograft tumor assay was used to detect the effect of TUG1 on the tumorigenesis of TMZ-resistant glioma cells. The present findings demonstrated that TUG1 exhibited a low expression in glioma cells, while EZH2 expression was the opposite. Moreover, it was observed that A172/TMZ cells possessed higher CSCs-like properties compared with parent cells, and that TUG1 and EZH2 were abnormally expressed in A172/TMZ cells. Knockdown of TUG1 or overexpression of EZH2 promoted A172/TMZ cell proliferation and CSCs-like properties, as well as inhibited their apoptosis, thereby enhancing the TMZ resistance of A172/TMZ cells. Furthermore, it was found that TUG1 alleviated the TMZ resistance of A172/TMZ cells by inhibiting EZH2 expression. Of note, overexpression of TUG1 inhibited the tumorigenicity of A172/TMZ cells by downregulating EZH2 expression in vivo. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that TUG1 served an essential regulatory role in TMZ resistance of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Chai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Dang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Dongchuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hai Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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18
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Iturrioz-Rodríguez N, Bertorelli R, Ciofani G. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for The Treatment of Glioblastoma. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2000054. [PMID: 33623931 PMCID: PMC7116796 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant neoplasia having origin in the brain. The current treatments involve surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, being complete surgical resection the best option for the patient survival chances. However, in those cases where a complete removal is not possible, radiation and chemotherapy are applied. Herein, the main challenges of chemotherapy, and how they can be overcome with the help of nanomedicine, are approached. Natural pathways to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are detailed, and different in vivo studies where these pathways are mimicked functionalizing the nanomaterial surface are shown. Later, lipid-based nanocarriers, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers, are presented. To finish, recent studies that have used lipid-based nanosystems carrying not only therapeutic agents, yet also magnetic nanoparticles, are described. Although the advantages of using these types of nanosystems are explained, including their biocompatibility, the possibility of modifying their surface to enhance the cell targeting, and their intrinsic ability of BBB crossing, it is important to mention that research in this field is still at its early stage, and extensive preclinical and clinical investigations are mandatory in the close future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Iturrioz-Rodríguez
- Smart Bio-Interfaces Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Translational Pharmacology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Smart Bio-Interfaces Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
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19
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Talaverón R, Matarredona ER, Herrera A, Medina JM, Tabernero A. Connexin43 Region 266-283, via Src Inhibition, Reduces Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation Promoted by EGF and FGF-2 and Increases Astrocytic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228852. [PMID: 33238452 PMCID: PMC7700635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are self-renewing cells that give rise to the major cells in the nervous system and are considered to be the possible cell of origin of glioblastoma. The gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) is expressed by NPCs, exerting channel-dependent and -independent roles. We focused on one property of Cx43—its ability to inhibit Src, a key protein in brain development and oncogenesis. Because Src inhibition is carried out by the sequence 266–283 of the intracellular C terminus in Cx43, we used a cell-penetrating peptide containing this sequence, TAT-Cx43266–283, to explore its effects on postnatal subventricular zone NPCs. Our results show that TAT-Cx43266–283 inhibited Src activity and reduced NPC proliferation and survival promoted by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In differentiation conditions, TAT-Cx43266–283 increased astrocyte differentiation at the expense of neuronal differentiation, which coincided with a reduction in Src activity and β-catenin expression. We propose that Cx43, through the region 266–283, reduces Src activity, leading to disruption of EGF and FGF-2 signaling and to down-regulation of β-catenin with effects on proliferation and differentiation. Our data indicate that the inhibition of Src might contribute to the complex role of Cx43 in NPCs and open new opportunities for further research in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Talaverón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.T.); (J.M.M.)
| | | | - Alejandro Herrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - José M. Medina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.T.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.T.); (J.M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-923-29-45-00 (ext. 5311)
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20
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Guo Y, Wang C, Jiang M, Zhu H, Weng M, Sun L, Zhang Y. Baohuoside I via mTOR Apoptotic Signaling to Inhibit Glioma Cell Growth. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11435-11444. [PMID: 33204156 PMCID: PMC7667174 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s265803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Baohuoside I, a novel oncotherapeutic agent, has been reported to have anti-cancer effects on a variety of cancers, but its role in glioma and its molecular mechanism are still unclear. Methods The proliferation of U251 cells was detected by real-time cellular analysis (RTCA), CCK-8, Ki67 immunofluorescence and colony formation assay. The effect of Baohuoside I on the invasion and migration of U251 cells was measured by transwell and scratch tests. The apoptosis of U251 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The expression level of related protein was detected by western blotting. Results Baohuoside I could inhibit the proliferation of human glioma cells and induce apoptosis. Further study showed that the migration and invasion ability of glioma was significantly decreased by Baohuoside I. Western blot revealed the expression of p-AMPKα1 protein was up-regulated, and the expression of p-mTOR and p-S6K was down-regulated after Baohuoside I treatment. Tumorigenesis in nude mice showed that Baohuoside I had an anti-glioma effect in vivo. Conclusion We propose a natural product, which can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma and may be a valuable anti-tumor candidate. The inhibitory effect of Baohuoside I on the glioma is achieved by inducing the apoptosis of the tumor cells, rather than autophagy. In addition, the pathway to induce cell apoptosis of Baohuoside I is to target the mTOR signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Weng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Zhang
- Neurology Department, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The ADAMs family belongs to the transmembrane protein superfamily of zinc-dependent metalloproteases, which consists of multiple domains. These domains have independent but complementary functions that enable them to participate in multiple biological processes. Among them, ADAM9 can not only participate in the degradation of extracellular matrix as a metalloprotease, but also mediate tumor cell adhesion through its deintegrin domain, which is closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis. It is widely expressed in a variety of tumor cells and can affect the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of related cancer cells. We provide our views on current progress, its increasing importance as a strategic treatment goal, and our vision for the future of ADAM9.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Haoyuan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University , Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - L I Yanshu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University , Liaoning, Shenyang, China
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22
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Li Y, Deng G, Qi Y, Zhang H, Gao L, Jiang H, Ye Z, Liu B, Chen Q. Bioinformatic Profiling of Prognosis-Related Genes in Malignant Glioma Microenvironment. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924054. [PMID: 32843610 PMCID: PMC7780890 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the brain and spinal cord. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the cellular environment in which tumors exist. This study aimed to identify the role of the TME and the effects of genes involved in the TME of malignant glioma. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ESTIMATE algorithms in the R package were used to calculate the immune and stromal scores of samples in the TCGA and GSE4290 datasets. The associations of stromal and immune scores with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival of malignant glioma patients were assessed by analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained through the median immune and stromal score using the R package "limma". Functional enrichment analysis and the PPI network MCODE were used to analyze DEGs. RESULTS Increased immune and stromal scores were closely related with advanced glioma grade and poor prognosis (all P<0.01). In total, 558 DEGs were found and most were related to tumor prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were associated with cell-matrix regulation and immune response. Four hub modules related to tumor angiogenesis, collagen formation, and immune response were found and analyzed. Previously overlooked microenvironment-related genes such as LAMB1, FN1, ACTN1, TRIM, SERPINH1, CYBA, LAIR1, and LILRB2 showed prognostic values in malignant glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS The glioma stromal/immune scores are closely related to glioma grade, histology, and survival time. Some glioma microenvironment-related genes including LAMB1, FN1, ACTN1, TRIM6, SERPINH1, CYBA, LAIR1, and LILRB2 show prognostic values in malignant gliomas and serve as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yangzhi Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Huikai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Hongxiang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Gangwani K, Snigdha K, Kango-Singh M. Tep1 Regulates Yki Activity in Neural Stem Cells in Drosophila Glioma Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:306. [PMID: 32457905 PMCID: PMC7225285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Amplification of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and mutations leading to activation of Phosphatidyl-Inositol-3 Kinase (PI3K) pathway are commonly associated with GBM. Using a previously published Drosophila glioma model generated by coactivation of PI3K and EGFR pathways [by downregulation of Pten and overexpression of oncogenic Ras] in glial cells, we showed that the Drosophila Tep1 gene (ortholog of human CD109) regulates Yki (the Drosophila ortholog of human YAP/TAZ) via an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. Oncogenic signaling by the YAP/TAZ pathway occurs in cells that acquire CD109 expression in response to the inflammatory environment induced by radiation in clinically relevant models. Further, downregulation of Tep1 caused a reduction in Yki activity and reduced glioma growth. A key function of Yki in larval CNS is stem cell renewal and formation of neuroblasts. Other reports suggest different upstream regulators of Yki activity in the optic lobe versus the central brain regions of the larval CNS. We hypothesized that Tep1 interacts with the Hippo pathway effector Yki to regulate neuroblast numbers. We tested if Tep1 acts through Yki to affect glioma growth, and if in normal cells Tep1 affects neuroblast number and proliferation. Our data suggests that Tep1 affects Yki mediated stem cell renewal in glioma, as reduction of Tep significantly decreases the number of neuroblasts in glioma. Thus, we identify Tep1-Yki interaction in the larval CNS that plays a key role in glioma growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Gangwani
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Kirti Snigdha
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Madhuri Kango-Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
- Premedical Programs, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
- Integrated Science and Engineering Center (ISE), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
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Juškys R, Chomanskis Ž. Glioblastoma Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e8019. [PMID: 32528758 PMCID: PMC7282376 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between traumatic brain injury and brain cancer is a matter of debate. The available literature is sparse and yields conflicting results. Even though there is a pathophysiological rationale for post-traumatic intracranial cancerogenesis, the direct link still has not been proven. Here we present a case of a patient who developed glioblastoma multiforme four years following the traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. In addition, we provide a brief review of the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimondas Juškys
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LTU
| | - Žilvinas Chomanskis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LTU
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25
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Yang B, Pan YB, Ma YB, Chu SH. Integrated Transcriptome Analyses and Experimental Verifications of Mesenchymal-Associated TNFRSF1A as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Gliomas. Front Oncol 2020; 10:250. [PMID: 32257943 PMCID: PMC7090130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent malignant primary brain tumors with poor outcome, and four different molecular subtypes (Mesenchymal, Proneural, Neural, and Classical) are popularly applied in scientific researches and clinics of gliomas. Public databases contain an abundant genome-wide resource to explore the potential biomarker and molecular mechanisms using the informatics analysis. The aim of this study was to discover the potential biomarker and investigate its effect in gliomas. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct the co-expression modules and explore the biomarker among the dataset CGGA mRNAseq_693 carrying 693 glioma samples. Functional annotations, ROC, correlation, survival, univariate, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were implemented to investigate the functional effect in gliomas, and molecular experiments in vitro were performed to study the biological effect on glioma pathogenesis. The brown module was found to be strongly related to WHO grade of gliomas, and KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that TNFRSF1A was enriched in MAPK signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Overexpressed TNFRSF1A was strongly related to clinical features such as WHO grade, and functioned as an independent poor prognostic predictor of glioma patients. Notably, TNFRSF1A was preferentially upregulated in the Mesenchymal subtype gliomas (Mesenchymal-associated). Knockdown of TNFRSF1A inhibited proliferation and migration of glioma cell lines in vitro. Our findings provide a further understanding of the progression of gliomas, and Mesenchymal-associated TNFRSF1A might be a promising target of diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Bin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Skjulsvik AJ, Bø HK, Jakola AS, Berntsen EM, Bø LE, Reinertsen I, Myrmel KS, Sjåvik K, Åberg K, Berg T, Dai HY, Kloster R, Torp SH, Solheim O. Is the anatomical distribution of low-grade gliomas linked to regions of gliogenesis? J Neurooncol 2020; 147:147-157. [PMID: 31983026 PMCID: PMC7075820 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the stem cell theory, two neurogenic niches in the adult human brain may harbor cells that initiate the formation of gliomas: The larger subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampus. We wanted to explore whether defining molecular markers in low-grade gliomas (LGG; WHO grade II) are related to distance to the neurogenic niches. METHODS Patients treated at two Norwegian university hospitals with population-based referral were included. Eligible patients had histopathological verified supratentorial low-grade glioma. IDH mutational status and 1p19q co-deletion status was retrospectively assessed. 159 patients were included, and semi-automatic tumor segmentation was done from pre-treatment T2-weighted (T2W) or Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) images. 3D maps showing the anatomical distribution of the tumors were then created for each of the three molecular subtypes (IDH mutated/1p19q co-deleted, IDH mutated and IDH wild-type). Both distance from tumor center and tumor border to the neurogenic niches were recorded. RESULTS In this population-based cohort of previously untreated low-grade gliomas, we found that low-grade gliomas are more often found closer to the SVZ than the SGZ, but IDH wild-type tumors are more often found near SGZ. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the stem cell origin of IDH wild-type and IDH mutated low-grade gliomas may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jarstein Skjulsvik
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Departments of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans Kristian Bø
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asgeir Store Jakola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Magnus Berntsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Olav Kyrres Gate, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Eirik Bø
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Kristin Sjåvik
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Kristin Åberg
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Thomas Berg
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Hong Yan Dai
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roar Kloster
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Sverre Helge Torp
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Departments of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Solheim
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Olav Kyrres Gate, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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27
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Zuo J, Zhao M, Fan Z, Liu B, Wang Y, Li Y, Lv P, Xing L, Zhang X, Shen H. MicroRNA-153-3p regulates cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance via Nrf-2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:738-747. [PMID: 32012470 PMCID: PMC7049518 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our recent studies have indicated that miR‐153‐3p is downregulated in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines and tissues. Upregulation of miR‐153‐3p was found to inhibit migration and invasion of ESCC cells. However, whether miR‐153‐3p regulates the cisplatin sensitivity in ESCC cells remains unclear. In this study, we explored whether and how miR‐153‐3p regulates the proliferation and confers cisplatin resistance in ESCC by targeting the Nrf‐2 protein. Methods Eca109 cell line was transfected with microRNA‐153‐3p mimics or Nrf‐2siRNA and cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance were studied. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed on Eca109 cells cotransfected with the wild‐type/mutant 3′UTR sequences of Nrf‐2 and control or microRNA‐153‐3p mimics. We determined the correlation between microRNA‐153‐3p and Nrf‐2 expression in human ESCC samples and explored the effect of Nrf‐2 in the overall survival rate of ESCC patients. Results MiR‐153‐3p significantly suppressed cell proliferation and increased the sensitivity of Eca‐109 cells to cisplatin. MiR‐153‐3p showed a negative correlation with Nrf‐2 in human esophageal carcinoma tissues. MiR‐153‐3p suppressed the expression of Nrf‐2 via binding to its 3′‐UTR region. Furthermore, inhibition of Nrf‐2 also decreased cell proliferation and increased the sensitivity of Eca109 cells to cisplatin. High expression of Nrf‐2 in human ESCC samples was associated with poor overall survival of ESCC patients. Conclusion MiR‐153‐3p inhibits cell proliferation and confers cisplatin resistance by downregulating Nrf‐2 expression in Eca‐109 cells. Thus, miR‐153‐3p/Nrf‐2 may play an important role in conferring cisplatin resistance in ESCC. Nrf‐2 appears to be a promising therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Lab of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhisong Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bowei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Lab of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Lab of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Lab of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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28
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Inactivation of Lgi1 in murine neuronal precursor cells leads to dysregulation of axon guidance pathways. Genomics 2019; 112:1167-1172. [PMID: 31276752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
LGI1 mutations predispose to a rare epilepsy syndrome and when inactivated in mice leads to early onset seizures and premature death. Histopathology of the mature brain soon after birth shows cortical dysplasia in Lgi1 null mice with hypercellularity in the outer cortical layers. Here we show extensive gene expression changes in neuronal precursor cells from Lgi1 null mice compared with wild type mice. The most significantly dysregulated pathway involves canonical axon guidance signaling with multiple networks involved in cell movement, adhesion and invasion related to actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The Lgi1 null NPCs show increased cell motility in vitro compared with normal counterparts. Dysregulation of genes critical to cell movement/migration and critical transcription factors involved in early neuronal development is a prominent feature. These studies provide a critical mechanistic link to the observation of increased cellularity in the outer layers of the developing cortex in Lgi1 null mice.
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29
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived and Cultured from Glioblastoma Multiforme Increase Tregs, Downregulate Th17, and Induce the Tolerogenic Phenotype of Monocyte-Derived Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6904638. [PMID: 31191680 PMCID: PMC6525812 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6904638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunosuppressive properties and have been described in the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This manuscript has two major topics—first, to describe isolated and cultured MSCs derived from GBM (GB-MSCs) and second, to examine their in vitro immunosuppressive capacity. Our results display cells with morphology and phenotype, clonogenic ability, and osteogenic potential, typical for MSCs. Furthermore, the cultured cells show intracellular expression of the neural markers Nestin and GFAP. They express PD-L1 and secrete TGFβ, CCL-2, PGE2, IL-6, and sVEGF. Coculturing of GB-MSCs with PBMCs isolated from healthy donors results in a decreased percentage of Th17 lymphocytes and an increased percentage of Tregs. Regarding the impact of GB-MSCs on monocytes, we establish an augmented expression of CD14 and CD86 along with diminished expression of HLA-DR and CD80, which is associated with tolerogenic phenotype monocyte-derived cells. In conclusion, our results describe in detail GBM-derived and cultured cells that meet the criteria for MSCs but at the same time express Nestin and GFAP. GB-MSCs express and secrete suppressive molecules, influencing in vitro T cells and monocytes, and are probably another factor involved in the immune suppression exerted by GBM.
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30
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Wang J, Liu J, Meng H, Guan Y, Yin Y, Zhao Z, Sun G, Wu A, Chen L, Yu X. Neural stem cells promote glioblastoma formation in nude mice. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:1551-1560. [PMID: 30945128 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been characterized with the ability of self-renewal and neurogenesis, which has inspired lots of studies to clarify the functions of NSCs in neural injury, ischemic stroke, brain inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. We focused on the relationship of NSCs with glioblastoma, since we have discovered that recurrent glioblastomas were inclined to be derived from subventricular zone (SVZ), where NSCs reside. We want to clarify whether NSCs are involved in glioblastoma relapse. METHODS Immunocytochemistry was used to confirm the stemness of NSCs. The Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to measure the proliferation of cells. Migration abilities were examined by wound healing and transwell assays, and tumor formation abilities were confirmed in nude mice. RESULTS We found in experiments that NSCs promoted proliferation of a glioblastoma cell line-Ln229, the migration ability of Ln229 cells was motivated by co-cultured with NSCs. Tumor formation of Ln229 cells was also accelerated in nude mice when co-transplanted with NSCs. In immunohistochemistry, we found that the Sox2- and Ki67-positive cells were much higher in co-transplanted groups than that of control groups. CONCLUSIONS These results imply the potential role that NSCs play in speeding up tumor formation in the process of glioblastoma relapse, providing the basis for dealing with newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients, which may help postpone the recurrence of glioblastoma as far as possible through preprocessing the tumor-adjacent SVZ tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People'S Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Eighty-First Army Group of Chinese PLA, Zhang jiakou, 075000, People's Republic of China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People'S Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - H Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People'S Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Guan
- Department of Cell Biology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People'S Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People'S Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - G Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People'S Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - A Wu
- Department of Neruosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People'S Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - X Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People'S Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Tang W, Fan W, Lau J, Deng L, Shen Z, Chen X. Emerging blood–brain-barrier-crossing nanotechnology for brain cancer theranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2967-3014. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The advancements, perspectives, and challenges in blood–brain-barrier (BBB)-crossing nanotechnology for effective brain tumor delivery and highly efficient brain cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Joseph Lau
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Liming Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
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32
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Modrek AS, Prado J, Bready D, Dhaliwal J, Golub D, Placantonakis DG. Modeling Glioma with Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Lineages. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1741:227-237. [PMID: 29392705 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7659-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are malignant primary tumors of the central nervous system. Their cell-of-origin is thought to be a neural progenitor or stem cell that acquires mutations leading to oncogenic transformation. Thanks to advances in human stem cell biology, it has become possible to derive human cell types that represent putative cells-of-origin in vitro and model the gliomagenesis process by systematically introducing genetic alterations in these human cells. Here, we present methods to derive human neural stem cells (NSCs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Because these NSCs are genetically unmodified at baseline, they can be used as a cellular platform to study the effects of individual oncogenic hits in a well-controlled manner in the backdrop of a human genetic background. We also present some key applications of these NSCs, which include their transduction with lentiviral vectors, their neuroglial differentiation and xenografting methods into immunocompromised mice to assess in vivo behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram S Modrek
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jod Prado
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Devin Bready
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joravar Dhaliwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Golub
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitris G Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Brain Tumor Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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33
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Carruthers RD, Ahmed SU, Ramachandran S, Strathdee K, Kurian KM, Hedley A, Gomez-Roman N, Kalna G, Neilson M, Gilmour L, Stevenson KH, Hammond EM, Chalmers AJ. Replication Stress Drives Constitutive Activation of the DNA Damage Response and Radioresistance in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5060-5071. [PMID: 29976574 PMCID: PMC6128404 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary brain tumor characterized by treatment resistance and inevitable tumor recurrence, both of which are driven by a subpopulation of GBM cancer stem-like cells (GSC) with tumorigenic and self-renewal properties. Despite having broad implications for understanding GSC phenotype, the determinants of upregulated DNA-damage response (DDR) and subsequent radiation resistance in GSC are unknown and represent a significant barrier to developing effective GBM treatments. In this study, we show that constitutive DDR activation and radiation resistance are driven by high levels of DNA replication stress (RS). CD133+ GSC exhibited reduced DNA replication velocity and a higher frequency of stalled replication forks than CD133- non-GSC in vitro; immunofluorescence studies confirmed these observations in a panel of orthotopic xenografts and human GBM specimens. Exposure of non-GSC to low-level exogenous RS generated radiation resistance in vitro, confirming RS as a novel determinant of radiation resistance in tumor cells. GSC exhibited DNA double-strand breaks, which colocalized with "replication factories" and RNA: DNA hybrids. GSC also demonstrated increased expression of long neural genes (>1 Mbp) containing common fragile sites, supporting the hypothesis that replication/transcription collisions are the likely cause of RS in GSC. Targeting RS by combined inhibition of ATR and PARP (CAiPi) provided GSC-specific cytotoxicity and complete abrogation of GSC radiation resistance in vitro These data identify RS as a cancer stem cell-specific target with significant clinical potential.Significance: These findings shed new light on cancer stem cell biology and reveal novel therapeutics with the potential to improve clinical outcomes by overcoming inherent radioresistance in GBM. Cancer Res; 78(17); 5060-71. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Carruthers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Shafiq U Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Shaliny Ramachandran
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Strathdee
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Department of Neuropathology, Brain Tumour Research Group, Frenchay Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Natividad Gomez-Roman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Neilson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Gilmour
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina H Stevenson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Tran AN, Walker K, Harrison DG, Chen W, Mobley J, Hocevar L, Hackney JR, Sedaka RS, Pollock JS, Goldberg MS, Hambardzumyan D, Cooper SJ, Gillespie Y, Hjelmeland AB. Reactive species balance via GTP cyclohydrolase I regulates glioblastoma growth and tumor initiating cell maintenance. Neuro Oncol 2018; 20:1055-1067. [PMID: 29409010 PMCID: PMC6280150 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depending on the level, differentiation state, and tumor stage, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species inhibit or increase cancer growth and tumor initiating cell maintenance. The rate-limiting enzyme in a pathway that can regulate reactive species production but has not been thoroughly investigated in glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV astrocytoma) is guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1). We sought to define the role of GCH1 in the regulation of GBM growth and brain tumor initiating cell (BTIC) maintenance. Methods We examined GCH1 mRNA and protein expression in patient-derived xenografts, clinical samples, and glioma gene expression datasets. GCH1 levels were modulated using lentiviral expression systems, and effects on cell growth, self-renewal, reactive species production, and survival in orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models were determined. Results GCH1 was expressed in GBMs with elevated but not exclusive RNA and protein levels in BTICs in comparison to non-BTICs. Overexpression of GCH1 in GBM cells increased cell growth in vitro and decreased survival in an intracranial GBM mouse model. In converse experiments, GCH1 knockdown with short hairpin RNA led to GBM cell growth inhibition and reduced self-renewal in association with decreased CD44 expression. GCH1 was critical for controlling reactive species balance, including suppressing reactive oxygen species production, which mediated GCH1 cell growth effects. In silico analyses demonstrated that higher GCH1 levels in glioma patients correlate with higher glioma grade, recurrence, and worse survival. Conclusions GCH1 expression in established GBMs is pro-tumorigenic, causing increased growth due, in part, to promotion of BTIC maintenance and suppression of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Nhat Tran
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kiera Walker
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lauren Hocevar
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James R Hackney
- Division of Neuropathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Randee S Sedaka
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Matthew S Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Sara J Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Biomaterial Scaffolds in Regenerative Therapy of the Central Nervous System. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7848901. [PMID: 29805977 PMCID: PMC5899851 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7848901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the most important section of the nervous system as it regulates the function of various organs. Injury to the CNS causes impairment of neurological functions in corresponding sites and further leads to long-term patient disability. CNS regeneration is difficult because of its poor response to treatment and, to date, no effective therapies have been found to rectify CNS injuries. Biomaterial scaffolds have been applied with promising results in regeneration medicine. They also show great potential in CNS regeneration for tissue repair and functional recovery. Biomaterial scaffolds are applied in CNS regeneration predominantly as hydrogels and biodegradable scaffolds. They can act as cellular supportive scaffolds to facilitate cell infiltration and proliferation. They can also be combined with cell therapy to repair CNS injury. This review discusses the categories and progression of the biomaterial scaffolds that are applied in CNS regeneration.
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Mikheev AM, Mikheeva SA, Tokita M, Severs LJ, Rostomily RC. Twist1 mediated regulation of glioma tumorigenicity is dependent on mode of mouse neural progenitor transformation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107716-107729. [PMID: 29296200 PMCID: PMC5746102 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is a master regulator of epithelial mesenchymal transition and carcinoma metastasis. Twist1 has also been associated with increased malignancy of human glioma. However, the impact of inhibiting Twist1 on tumorigenicity has not been characterized in glioma models in the context of different oncogenic transformation paradigms. Here we used an orthotopic mouse glioma model of transplanted transformed neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to demonstrate the effects of Twist1 loss of function on tumorigenicity. Decreased tumorigenicity was observed after shRNA mediated Twist knockdown in HPV E6/7 Ha-RasV12 transformed NPCs and Cre mediated Twist1 deletion in Twist1 fl/fl NPCs transformed by p53 knockdown and Ha-RasV12 expression. By contrast, Twist1 deletion had no effect on tumorigenicity of NPCs transformed by co-expression of Akt and Ha-RasV12. We demonstrated a dramatic off-target effect of Twist1 deletion with constitutive Cre expression, which was completely reversed when Twist1 deletion was achieved by transient administration of recombinant Cre protein. Together these findings demonstrate that the function of Twist1 in these models is highly dependent on specific oncogenic contexts of NPC transformation. Therefore, the driver mutational context in which Twist1 functions may need to be taken into account when evaluating mechanisms of action and developing therapeutic approaches to target Twist1 in human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei M. Mikheev
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Svetlana A. Mikheeva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mari Tokita
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Liza J. Severs
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert C. Rostomily
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Carnosol controls the human glioblastoma stemness features through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition modulation and the induction of cancer stem cell apoptosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15174. [PMID: 29123181 PMCID: PMC5680298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A high cell proliferation rate, invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapy are the main features of glioblastoma (GBM). GBM aggressiveness has been widely associated both with a minor population of cells presenting stem-like properties (cancer stem-like cells, CSCs) and with the ability of tumor cells to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype (epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT). Carnosol (CAR), a natural inhibitor of MDM2/p53 complex, has been attracted attention for its anti-cancer effects on several tumor types, including GBM. Herein, the effects of CAR on U87MG-derived CSC viability and stemness features were evaluated. CAR decreased the rate of CSC formation and promoted the CSC apoptotic cell death through p53 functional reactivation. Moreover, CAR was able to control the TNF-α/TGF-β-induced EMT, counteracting the effects of the cytokine on EMT master regulator genes (Slug, Snail, Twist and ZEB1) and modulating the activation of miR-200c, a key player in the EMT process. Finally, CAR was able to increase the temozolomide (TMZ) anti-proliferative effects. These findings demonstrate that CAR affected the different intracellular mechanism of the complex machinery that regulates GBM stemness. For the first time, the diterpene was highlighted as a promising lead for the development of agents able to decrease the stemness features, thus controlling GBM aggressiveness.
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Yu X, Sun NR, Jang HT, Guo SW, Lian MX. Associations between EGFR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis from GWAS and case-control studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86877-86885. [PMID: 29156842 PMCID: PMC5689732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and case-control studies performed to investigate the associations between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene polymorphisms and glioma risk are controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine whether EGFR gene polymorphisms are associated with glioma risk by searching 'PubMed', 'EMBASE', 'Web of Science', 'Cochrane Library' and 'China WeiPu Library' to retrieve studies that investigated associations between EGFR gene polymorphisms and glioma risk. Four GWAS containing 35 studies and 7 case-control studies meeting the inclusion criteria were finally recruited, and 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed. The results showed a significant positive association between rs730437/rs845552 and glioma risk in Asians, and a significant negative association between them in Caucasians. In addition, rs11506105 was significantly associated with an increased risk of glioma in both Asians and Caucasians, and rs11979158 decreased the risk of glioma in Caucasians. However, no significant association was observed between rs12718945/rs17172432/rs4947492 and glioma risk in Asians, between rs2252586 and glioma risk in Caucasians, and between rs3752651 and glioma risk in either Asians or Caucasians. In conclusion, different SNPs in EGFR gene might have different impacts on the risk of glioma in various ethnicities, which offers new insights into the treatment with a target-oriented approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Nian Rong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery of Luonan County People's Hospital, Luonan County, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hai Tao Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shi Wen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min Xue Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Zhen YB, Chen XF, Yan T, Zhao SG. Expression of TAG1/APP signaling pathway in the proliferation and differentiation of glioma stem cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2137-2140. [PMID: 28789439 PMCID: PMC5530010 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the expression of transient axonal glycoprotein-1 (TAG1)/precursor protein (APP) signaling pathway in the proliferation and differentiation of glioma stem cells. A glioma cell line (U373) was used as well as fluorescence quantitative PCR, western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to examine the role of the expression of TAG1/APP signaling pathway in the proliferation and differentiation of glioma stem cells after five generations of in vitro culture. The results showed that compared to the normal glioma cells, the expression of TAG1 and APP was significantly increased in the proliferation of glioma stem cells. The results of ELISA and western blot analysis also confirmed a significant elevation in the protein expression of TAG1 in glioma stem cells compared to normal human glioma cells. When glioma stem cells were cultured in differentiation medium, as revealed by RT-PCR, the expression of TAG1 and APP in glioma stem cells initially increased and then decreased. In addition, the protein expression of TAG1 and APP was consistent with the RT-PCR results. Compared with undifferentiated glioma stem cells, the expression of TAG1 and APP decreased gradually with the extension of differentiation time. In conclusion, the expression of TAG1/APP signaling pathway in glioma cells was abnormal. Thus, this pathway is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of glioma cells and promotes the proliferation of glioma cells to inhibit the differentiation of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bo Zhen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Guang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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40
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Chen R, Smith-Cohn M, Cohen AL, Colman H. Glioma Subclassifications and Their Clinical Significance. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:284-297. [PMID: 28281173 PMCID: PMC5398991 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of targeted therapies in glioma has been modest. All the therapies that have demonstrated a significant survival benefit for gliomas in Phase III trials, including radiation, chemotherapy (temozolomide and PCV [procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine]), and tumor-treating fields, are based on nonspecific targeting of proliferating cells. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of gliomas suggest some potential reasons for the failure of more targeted therapies in gliomas. Specifically, the histologic-based glioma classification is composed of multiple different molecular subtypes with distinct biology, natural history, and prognosis. As a result of these insights, the diagnosis and classification of gliomas have recently been updated by the World Health Organization. However, these changes and other novel observations regarding glioma biomarkers and subtypes highlight several clinical challenges. First, the field is faced with the difficulty of reinterpreting the results of prior studies and retrospective data using the new classifications to clarify prognostic assessments and treatment recommendations for patients. Second, the new classifications and insights require rethinking the design and stratification of future clinical trials. Last, these observations provide the essential framework for the development and testing of new specific targeted therapies for particular glioma subtypes. This review aims to summarize the current literature regarding glioma subclassifications and their clinical relevance in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Chen
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew Smith-Cohn
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Adam L Cohen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Howard Colman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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41
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Glaser T, Han I, Wu L, Zeng X. Targeted Nanotechnology in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:166. [PMID: 28408882 PMCID: PMC5374154 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, and in particular glioblastoma multiforme, are aggressive brain tumors characterized by a poor prognosis and high rates of recurrence. Current treatment strategies are based on open surgery, chemotherapy (temozolomide) and radiotherapy. However, none of these treatments, alone or in combination, are considered effective in managing this devastating disease, resulting in a median survival time of less than 15 months. The efficiency of chemotherapy is mainly compromised by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that selectively inhibits drugs from infiltrating into the tumor mass. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), with their unique biology and their resistance to both radio- and chemotherapy, compound tumor aggressiveness and increase the chances of treatment failure. Therefore, more effective targeted therapeutic regimens are urgently required. In this article, some well-recognized biological features and biomarkers of this specific subgroup of tumor cells are profiled and new strategies and technologies in nanomedicine that explicitly target CSCs, after circumventing the BBB, are detailed. Major achievements in the development of nanotherapies, such as organic poly(propylene glycol) and poly(ethylene glycol) or inorganic (iron and gold) nanoparticles that can be conjugated to metal ions, liposomes, dendrimers and polymeric micelles, form the main scope of this summary. Moreover, novel biological strategies focused on manipulating gene expression (small interfering RNA and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats [CRISPR]/CRISPR associated protein 9 [Cas 9] technologies) for cancer therapy are also analyzed. The aim of this review is to analyze the gap between CSC biology and the development of targeted therapies. A better understanding of CSC properties could result in the development of precise nanotherapies to fulfill unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical CenterSeongnam, South Korea
| | - Liquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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42
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Liu S, Yin F, Zhao M, Zhou C, Ren J, Huang Q, Zhao Z, Mitra R, Fan W, Fan M. The homing and inhibiting effects of hNSCs-BMP4 on human glioma stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17920-31. [PMID: 26908439 PMCID: PMC4951260 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas patients have a poor survival rate, partially due to the inability in delivering therapeutic agents to the tumors, especially to the metastasis of human glioma stem cells (hGSCs). To explore whether the human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with an over-expression of BMP4 (hNSCs-BMP4) can trace and inhibit hGSCs, in this study, we examined the migration of hNSCs to hGSCs using transwell assay in vitro and performed the fluorescent tracer experiment in vivo. We examined the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration of hGSCs after co-culturing with hNSCs-BMP4 in vitro and tested the tropism and antitumor effects of hNSCs-BMP4 in the established brain xenograft models of hGSCs. We found that hNSCs-BMP4 could secrete BMP4 and trace hGSCs both in vitro and in vivo. When compared to the normal human astrocytes (NHAs) and hNSCs, hNSCs-BMP4 could significantly inhibit the invasive growth of hGSCs, promote their differentiation and apoptosis by activating Smad1/5/8 signaling, and prolong the survival time of the tumor-bearing nude mice. Collectively, this study suggested that hNSCs-BMP4 may help in developing therapeutic approaches for the treatment of human malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital, PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital, PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital, PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chunhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital, PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Junlin Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital, PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qiming Huang
- Department of Brain Protection & Plasticity Research, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Wenhong Fan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Brain Protection & Plasticity Research, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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43
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Yang X, Xiao Z, Du X, Huang L, Du G. Silencing of the long non-coding RNA NEAT1 suppresses glioma stem-like properties through modulation of the miR-107/CDK6 pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:555-562. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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44
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Jin WL, Mao XY, Qiu GZ. Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Expectations and Challenges. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:627-661. [PMID: 27775833 DOI: 10.1002/med.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Despite standard treatment with tumor resection and radiochemotherapy, the outcome remains gloomy. It is evident that a combination of oncogenic gain of function and tumor-suppressive loss of function has been attributed to glioma initiation and progression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a well-orchestrated system that controls the fate of most proteins by striking a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of substrates, having a profound influence on the modulation of oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and cellular signaling pathways. In recent years, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as potential anti-cancer targets due to their targeting several key proteins involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. This review attempts to summarize recent studies of GBM-associated DUBs, their roles in various cellular processes, and discuss the relation between DUBs deregulation and gliomagenesis, especially how DUBs regulate glioma stem cells pluripotency, microenvironment, and resistance of radiation and chemotherapy through core stem-cell transcriptional factors. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of DUBs, and attempted to find a potential GBM treatment by DUBs intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,National Centers for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhong Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, 250031, P. R. China
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45
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Tyagi V, Theobald J, Barger J, Bustoros M, Bayin NS, Modrek AS, Kader M, Anderer EG, Donahue B, Fatterpekar G, Placantonakis DG. Traumatic brain injury and subsequent glioblastoma development: Review of the literature and case reports. Surg Neurol Int 2016; 7:78. [PMID: 27625888 PMCID: PMC5009580 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.189296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports have proposed an association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent glioblastoma (GBM) formation. METHODS We used literature searches and radiographic evidence from two patients to assess the possibility of a link between TBI and GBM. RESULTS Epidemiological studies are equivocal on a possible link between brain trauma and increased risk of malignant glioma formation. We present two case reports of patients with GBM arising at the site of prior brain injury. CONCLUSION The hypothesis that TBI may predispose to gliomagenesis is disputed by several large-scale epidemiological studies, but supported by some. Radiographic evidence from two cases presented here suggest that GBM formed at the site of brain injury. We propose a putative pathogenesis model that connects post-traumatic inflammation, stem and progenitor cell transformation, and gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Tyagi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Theobald
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - James Barger
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mark Bustoros
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - N Sumru Bayin
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA; Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Aram S Modrek
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Michael Kader
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Erich G Anderer
- Division of Neurosurgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Bernadine Donahue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA; Maimonides Cancer Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Girish Fatterpekar
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Dimitris G Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA; Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA; Brain Tumor Center, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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46
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Sailer MHM, Sarvepalli D, Brégère C, Fisch U, Guentchev M, Weller M, Guzman R, Bettler B, Ghosh A, Hutter G. An Enzyme- and Serum-free Neural Stem Cell Culture Model for EMT Investigation Suited for Drug Discovery. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27583933 DOI: 10.3791/54018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) describes the process of epithelium transdifferentiating into mesenchyme. EMT is a fundamental process during embryonic development that also commonly occurs in glioblastoma, the most frequent malignant brain tumor. EMT has also been observed in multiple carcinomas outside the brain including breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer. EMT is centrally linked to malignancy by promoting migration, invasion and metastasis formation. The mechanisms of EMT induction are not fully understood. Here we describe an in vitro system for standardized isolation of cortical neural stem cells (NSCs) and subsequent EMT-induction. This system provides the flexibility to use either single cells or explant culture. In this system, rat or mouse embryonic forebrain NSCs are cultured in a defined medium, devoid of serum and enzymes. The NSCs expressed Olig2 and Sox10, two transcription factors observed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Using this system, interactions between FGF-, BMP- and TGFβ-signaling involving Zeb1, Zeb2, and Twist2 were observed where TGFβ-activation significantly enhanced cell migration, suggesting a synergistic BMP-/TGFβ-interaction. The results point to a network of FGF-, BMP- and TGFβ-signaling to be involved in EMT induction and maintenance. This model system is relevant to investigate EMT in vitro. It is cost-efficient and shows high reproducibility. It also allows for the comparison of different compounds with respect to their migration responses (quantitative distance measurement), and high-throughput screening of compounds to inhibit or enhance EMT (qualitative measurement). The model is therefore well suited to test drug libraries for substances affecting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Durga Sarvepalli
- Molecular Signalling and Gene Therapy, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Health City
| | - Catherine Brégère
- Brain Ischemia and Regeneration, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel
| | - Urs Fisch
- Brain Ischemia and Regeneration, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel
| | | | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Molecular Neuro Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Brain Ischemia and Regeneration, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel
| | | | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- Molecular Signalling and Gene Therapy, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Health City
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
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47
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Glioblastoma Stem Cells Microenvironment: The Paracrine Roles of the Niche in Drug and Radioresistance. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6809105. [PMID: 26880981 PMCID: PMC4736577 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6809105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all solid tumors, the high-grade glioma appears to be the most vascularized one. In fact, "microvascular hyperplasia" is a hallmark of GBM. An altered vascular network determines irregular blood flow, so that tumor cells spread rapidly beyond the diffusion distance of oxygen in the tissue, with the consequent formation of hypoxic or anoxic areas, where the bulk of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside. The response to this event is the induction of angiogenesis, a process mediated by hypoxia inducible factors. However, this new capillary network is not efficient in maintaining a proper oxygen supply to the tumor mass, thereby causing an oxygen gradient within the neoplastic zone. This microenvironment helps GSCs to remain in a "quiescent" state preserving their potential to proliferate and differentiate, thus protecting them by the effects of chemo- and radiotherapy. Recent evidences suggest that responses of glioblastoma to standard therapies are determined by the microenvironment of the niche, where the GSCs reside, allowing a variety of mechanisms that contribute to the chemo- and radioresistance, by preserving GSCs. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate the components/factors of the niche in order to formulate new adjuvant therapies rendering more efficiently the gold standard therapies for this neoplasm.
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48
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Piña-Medina AG, Hansberg-Pastor V, González-Arenas A, Cerbón M, Camacho-Arroyo I. Progesterone promotes cell migration, invasion and cofilin activation in human astrocytoma cells. Steroids 2016; 105:19-25. [PMID: 26639431 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors in humans. Invasiveness of these tumors has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as cofilin. Progesterone (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from breast cancer and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of astrocytoma cells as well as its effects on astrocytomas cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from human astrocytomas from the highest degree of malignancy (grade IV, glioblastoma). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48 h. Both RU486, a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by RU486. Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the cofilin/p-cofilin ratio at 15 and 30 min and a decrease at 30 and 60 min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+RU486 and RU486 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases human astrocytoma cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that cofilin activation by P4 is independent of PR action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Piña-Medina
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Valeria Hansberg-Pastor
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.
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49
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Glioma Stem Cells. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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50
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PTEN deficiency reprogrammes human neural stem cells towards a glioblastoma stem cell-like phenotype. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10068. [PMID: 26632666 PMCID: PMC4686761 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN is a tumour suppressor frequently mutated in many types of cancers. Here we show that targeted disruption of PTEN leads to neoplastic transformation of human neural stem cells (NSCs), but not mesenchymal stem cells. PTEN-deficient NSCs display neoplasm-associated metabolic and gene expression profiles and generate intracranial tumours in immunodeficient mice. PTEN is localized to the nucleus in NSCs, binds to the PAX7 promoter through association with cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB)/CREB binding protein (CBP) and inhibits PAX7 transcription. PTEN deficiency leads to the upregulation of PAX7, which in turn promotes oncogenic transformation of NSCs and instates ‘aggressiveness' in human glioblastoma stem cells. In a large clinical database, we find increased PAX7 levels in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma. Furthermore, we identify that mitomycin C selectively triggers apoptosis in NSCs with PTEN deficiency. Together, we uncover a potential mechanism of how PTEN safeguards NSCs, and establish a cellular platform to identify factors involved in NSC transformation, potentially permitting personalized treatment of glioblastoma. The tumor suppressor PTEN is often mutated or lost in glioblastoma. Here, the authors demonstrate that in neuronal stem cells PTEN trans-represses PAX7 gene expression and PTEN deficiency promotes PAX7-dependent neoplastic transformation.
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