1
|
Sun T, Liu Y, Yuan P, Jia Z, Yang J. Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Stem Cell Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:731-746. [PMID: 38476204 PMCID: PMC10929656 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s448483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose As a common male disease, erectile dysfunction (ED) seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. In recent years, studies have continued to point out the great potential of stem cell therapy (SCT) in the treatment of ED. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the research of SCT for ED and understand the development trends and research frontiers in this field. Methods Publications regarding SCT and ED were retrieved and collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were then utilized for bibliometric and visualization analysis. Results A total of 524 publications were eventually included in this study. The annual number of publications in this field was increasing year by year. China and the USA were the two most productive countries. Lin GT, Lue TF and Lin CS, and the University of California San Francisco where they worked were the most productive research group and institution, respectively. The journal with the largest number of publications was The Journal of Sexual Medicine, and the following were mostly professional journals of urology and andrology. Diabetes mellitus-induced ED and cavernous nerve injury-related ED were the two most commonly constructed models of ED in studies. Concerning the types of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose and bone marrow were most frequently used. Moreover, future research would mainly focus on exosomes, tissue engineering technology, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, and clinical translation. Conclusion The research of SCT for ED will receive increasing global attention in the future. Our study provided bibliometric and visualization analysis of published literature, helping researchers understand the global landscape and frontiers in this field. More preclinical and clinical studies should be conducted to more deeply explore the underlying mechanisms of treatment and promote clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Sun
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yipiao Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Penghui Yuan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhankui Jia
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vasuri F, Valente S, Motta I, Degiovanni A, Ciavarella C, Pasquinelli G. ETS-Related Gene Expression in Healthy Femoral Arteries With Focal Calcifications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:623782. [PMID: 34222223 PMCID: PMC8242207 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone development-related genes are enriched in healthy femoral arteries, which are more prone to calcification, as documented by the predominance of fibrocalcific plaques at the femoral location. We undertook a prospective histological study on the presence of calcifications in normal femoral arteries collected from donors. Since endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) participates in vascular remodeling, immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular markers of EndMT and chondro-osteogenic differentiation were assessed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to describe calcification at its inception. Two hundred and fourteen femoral arteries were enrolled. The mean age of the donors was 39.9 ± 12.9 years; male gender prevailed (M: 128). Histology showed a normal architecture; calcifications were found in 52 (24.3%) cases, without correlations with cardiovascular risk factors. Calcifications were seen on or just beneath the inner elastic lamina (IEL). At IHC, SLUG was increasingly expressed in the wall of focally calcified femoral arteries (FCFA). ETS-related gene (ERG), SLUG, CD44, and SOX-9 were positive in calcifications. RT-PCR showed increased levels of BPM-2, RUNX-2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin osteogenic transcripts and increased expression of the chondrogenic marker, SOX-9, in FCFA. TEM documented osteoblast-like cells adjacent to the IEL, releasing calcifying vesicles from the cell membrane. The vesicles were embedded in a proteoglycan-rich matrix and were entrapped in IEL fenestrations. In this study, ERG- and CD44-positive cell populations were found in the context of increased SLUG expression, thus supporting the participation of EndMT in FCFA; the increased transcript expression of osteochondrogenic markers, particularly SOX-9, reinforced the view that EndMT, osteochondrogenesis, and neoangiogenesis interact in the process of arterial calcification. Given its role as a transcription factor in the regulation of endothelial homeostasis, arterial ERG expression can be a clue of endothelial dysregulation and changes in IEL organization which can ultimately hinder calcifying vesicle diffusion through the IEL fenestrae. These results may have a broader implication for understanding arterial calcification within a disease context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasuri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilenia Motta
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Degiovanni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Ciavarella
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Dual Role of Vitamin K2 in "Bone-Vascular Crosstalk": Opposite Effects on Bone Loss and Vascular Calcification. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041222. [PMID: 33917175 PMCID: PMC8067793 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and vascular calcification (VC) represent relevant health problems that frequently coexist in the elderly population. Traditionally, they have been considered independent processes, and mainly age-related. However, an increasing number of studies have reported their possible direct correlation, commonly defined as “bone-vascular crosstalk”. Vitamin K2 (VitK2), a family of several natural isoforms also known as menaquinones (MK), has recently received particular attention for its role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. In particular, VitK2 deficiency seems to be responsible of the so-called “calcium paradox” phenomenon, characterized by low calcium deposition in the bone and its accumulation in the vessel wall. Since these events may have important clinical consequences, and the role of VitK2 in bone-vascular crosstalk has only partially been explained, this review focuses on its effects on the bone and vascular system by providing a more recent literature update. Overall, the findings reported here propose the VitK2 family as natural bioactive molecules that could be able to play an important role in the prevention of bone loss and vascular calcification, thus encouraging further in-depth studies to achieve its use as a dietary food supplement.
Collapse
|
4
|
Vasuri F, Degiovanni A, Gargiulo M, Thilly WG, Gostjeva EV, Pasquinelli G, Fittipaldi S. Sirolimus-eluting stents: opposite in vitro effects on the clonogenic cell potential on a long-term exposure. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2973-2981. [PMID: 32821343 PMCID: PMC7415404 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the long-term effects of sirolimus on three different cell in vitro models, cultured in physiological conditions mimicking sirolimus-eluted stent, in order to clarify the effectiveness of sirolimus in blocking cell proliferation and survival. Three cells lines (WPMY-1 myofibroblasts, HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma, and U2OS osteosarcoma) were selected and growth in 10 ml of Minimum Essential Medium for 5 weeks with serial dilutions of sirolimus. The number of colonies and the number of cells per colony were counted. As main result, the number of WPMY-1 surviving colonies increased in a dose-dependent manner when treated with sirolimus (p = 0.0011), while the number of U2OS colonies progressively decreased (p = 0.0011). The clonal capacity of HT-29 was not modified by the exposure to sirolimus (p = 0.6679). In conclusion sirolimus showed the well-known cytostatic effect, but with an effect on clonogenic potential different among the different cell types. In the practice, the plaque typology and composition may influence the response to sirolimus and thus the effectiveness of eluted stent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasuri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Degiovanni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Gargiulo
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - William G Thilly
- Laboratory in Metakaryotic Biology (LIMB), Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elena V Gostjeva
- Laboratory in Metakaryotic Biology (LIMB), Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Fittipaldi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory in Metakaryotic Biology (LIMB), Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The carotid plaque as paradigmatic case of site-specific acceleration of aging process: The microRNAs and the inflammaging contribution. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101090. [PMID: 32474155 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries associated with the aging process. Many risk factors have been identified and they are mainly related to life-styles, gene-environment interactions and socioeconomic status. Carotid and coronary artery diseases are the two major atherosclerotic conditions, being the primary cause of stroke and heart attack, respectively. Nevertheless, carotid plaque assumes particular aspects not only for the specific molecular mechanisms, but also for the types of atheroma which may be associated with a better or a worst prognosis. The identification of circulating blood biomarkers able to distinguish carotid plaque types (stable or vulnerable) is a crucial step for the improvement of adequate therapeutic approaches avoiding or delaying endarterectomy in the oldest old individuals (> 80 years), a population predicted to growth in the next years. The review highlights the most recent knowledge on carotid plaque molecular mechanisms, focusing on microRNAs (miRs), as a site-specific accelerated aging within the conceptual framework of Geroscience for new affordable therapies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vasuri F, Ciavarella C, Fittipaldi S, Pini R, Vacirca A, Gargiulo M, Faggioli G, Pasquinelli G. Different histological types of active intraplaque calcification underlie alternative miRNA-mRNA axes in carotid atherosclerotic disease. Virchows Arch 2019; 476:307-316. [PMID: 31506771 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arterial calcification is an actively regulated process, with different morphological manifestations. Micro-RNAs emerged as potential regulators of vascular calcification; they may become novel diagnostic tools and be used for a finest staging of the carotid plaque progression. The present study aimed at characterizing the different miRNA-mRNA axes in carotid plaques according to their histological patterns of calcification. Histopathological analysis was performed on 124 retrospective carotid plaques, with clinical data and preoperatory angio-CT. miRNA analysis was carried out with microfluidic cards. Real-time PCR was performed for selected miRNAs validation and for RUNX-2 and SOX-9 mRNA levels. CD31, CD68, SMA, and SOX-9 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. miRNA levels on HUVEC cells were analyzed for confirming results under in vitro osteogenic conditions. Histopathological analysis revealed two main calcification subtypes of plaques: calcific cores (CC) and protruding nodules (PN). miRNA array and PCR validation of miR-1275, miR-30a-5p, and miR-30d indicated a significant upregulation of miR-30a-5p and miR-30d in the PN plaques. Likewise, the miRNA targets RUNX-2 and SOX-9 resulted poorly expressed in PN plaques. The inverse correlation between miRNA and RUNX-2 levels was confirmed on osteogenic-differentiated HUVEC. miR-30a-5p and miR-30d directly correlated with calcification extension and thickness at angio-CT imaging. Our study demonstrated the presence of two distinct morphological subtypes of calcification in carotid atheromatous plaques, supported by different miRNA signatures, and by different angio-CT features. These results shed the light on the use of miRNA as novel diagnostic markers, suggestive of plaque evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasuri
- Clinical and Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Ciavarella
- Clinical and Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Fittipaldi
- Clinical and Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Pini
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Andrea Vacirca
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Mauro Gargiulo
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Gianluca Faggioli
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Clinical and Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Melo FG, Ocarino NM, Sena Reis AM, Gomes LA, Magalhães Cardoso KM, Gimeno EJ, Massone AR, Melo MM, Machado Botelho AF, Serakides R. Rat mesenchymal stem cell cultures as a model to elucidate the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bone metaplasia induced by Solanum glaucophyllum intoxication. Toxicon 2019; 169:25-33. [PMID: 31421160 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of this experiment is that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are involved in the genesis of the bone metaplasia caused by Solanum glaucophyllum intoxication. We determined using liquid chromatography that 1 mL of plant extract contained 3.8 μl of 1,25(OH)2D3. The ability of 100 μL, 1 mL and 5 mL of extract/L, containing 1 nM (0.4 μg/L), 10 nM (4 μg/L) and 50 nM (20 μg/L) of 1,25(OH)2D3, respectively, in inducing the osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow MSCs from rats was tested. At the concentrations of 1 and 5 mL of extract/L of culture medium without osteogenesis-inducing factors, the plant extract induced the osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs, as was evidenced by the greater synthesis of mineralized matrix. At the higher concentration (5 mL of extract/L), an increase in the relative expression of BMP-2 gene was observed. It was concluded that rat bone marrow MSC culture is a good model for studying the effects of the S. glaucophyllum extract on the osteogenic differentiation of undifferentiated cells. Also, S. glaucophyllum extracts containing 10 nM (4 μg/L) and 50 nM (20 μg/L) of 1,25(OH)2D3 induce the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, suggesting that this is one of the mechanisms by which S. glaucophyllum causes bone metaplasia.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mechanisms of Arterial Calcification: The Role of Matrix Vesicles. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018; 55:425-432. [PMID: 29371036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is related to vascular diseases, for example, atherosclerosis, and its comorbidities, such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease. In each condition, a distinctive histological pattern can be recognised that may influence technical choices, possible intra-operative complications, and procedure outcomes, no matter if the intervention is performed by open or endovascular means. This review considers the classification and initiating mechanisms of vascular calcification. Dystrophic and metastatic calcifications, Monckeberg's calcification, and genetic forms are firstly outlined, followed by their alleged initiation mechanisms; these include (a) ineffective macrophage efferocytosis; (b) ectopic osteogenesis driven by modified resident or circulating osteoprogenitors. As in physiological bio-mineralisation, active calcification starts with the deposition of cell derived matrix vesicles into the extracellular matrix. To substantiate this belief, an in depth ultra-structural documentation of hydroxyapatite crystal deposition on such vesicles is provided in an ex-vivo human vascular cell model. Revealing the vesicle composition and phenotype in normal and pathological vascular conditions will be essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies, in order to prevent and treat vascular calcification.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shook LL, Buhimschi CS, Dulay AT, McCarthy ME, Hardy JT, Duzyj Buniak CM, Zhao G, Buhimschi IA. Calciprotein particles as potential etiologic agents of idiopathic preterm birth. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:364ra154. [PMID: 27831903 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah4707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is often preceded by preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) without an identifiable cause. Pathological calcification, the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) in nonskeletal tissues, has been implicated in degenerative diseases including atherosclerosis and aneurism rupture. Among pathogenic mechanisms, the aberrant aggregation of HA into calciprotein particles (CPPs) and the HA-induced differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts (ectopic osteogenesis) have been implicated. We explored the hypothesis that CPPs form in human amniotic fluid (AF), deposit in fetal membranes, and are linked mechanistically to pathogenic pathways favoring PTB. We demonstrated that fetal membranes from women with idiopathic PPROM frequently show evidence of ectopic calcification and expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers. Concentrations of fetuin-A, an endogenous inhibitor of ectopic calcification, were decreased in AF of idiopathic PPROM cases, which reflected their reduced functional capacity to inhibit calcification. Using long-term cultures of sterile AF, we demonstrated coaggregation of HA with endogenous proteins, including fetuin-A. The fetuin-HA aggregates exhibited progressive growth in vitro in a pattern similar to CPPs. When applied to amniochorion explants, AF-derived CPPs induced structural and functional pathological effects recapitulating those noted for PPROM. Our results demonstrate that disruption of protein-mineral homeostasis in AF stimulates the formation and deposition of CPPs, which may represent etiologic agents of idiopathic PPROM. Therapeutic or dietary interventions aimed at maintaining the balance between endogenous HA formation and fetuin reserve in pregnant women may therefore have a role in preventing PTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L Shook
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Catalin S Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Antonette T Dulay
- Center for Perinatal Research, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Megan E McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - John T Hardy
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Christina M Duzyj Buniak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Guomao Zhao
- Center for Perinatal Research, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Irina A Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. .,Center for Perinatal Research, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rocca A, Tafuri D, Paccone M, Giuliani A, Zamboli AGI, Surfaro G, Paccone A, Compagna R, Amato M, Serra R, Amato B. Cell Based Therapeutic Approach in Vascular Surgery: Application and Review. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:308-322. [PMID: 29071303 PMCID: PMC5651406 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stem cells - such as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and stem cells derived from different sources like vascular wall are intensely studied to try to rapidly translate their discovered features from bench to bedside. Vascular wall resident stem cells recruitment, differentiation, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and signaling pathways transduced were analyzed. We studied biological properties of vascular resident stem cells and explored the relationship from several factors as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and regulations of biological, translational and clinical features of these cells. In this review we described a translational and clinical approach to Adult Vascular Wall Resident Multipotent Vascular Stem Cells (VW-SCs) and reported their involvement in alternative clinical approach as cells based therapy in vascular disease like arterial aneurysms or peripheral arterial obstructive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Rocca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyVia Sergio Pansini, 80131Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Paccone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuliani
- A.O.R.N. A. Cardarelli Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplatation Center, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Surfaro
- Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, General Surgery Unit, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizo Amato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Amato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bardeesi ASA, Gao J, Zhang K, Yu S, Wei M, Liu P, Huang H. A novel role of cellular interactions in vascular calcification. J Transl Med 2017; 15:95. [PMID: 28464904 PMCID: PMC5414234 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of clinical trials have confirmed the correlation between vascular calcification (VC) and cardiovascular events and mortality. However, current treatments have little effects on the regression of VC. Potent and illustrative mechanisms have been proven to exist in both bone metabolism and VC, indicating that these two processes share similarities in onset and progression. Multiple osteoblast-like cells and signaling pathways are involved in the process of VC. In this review, we summarized the roles of different osteoblast-like cells and we emphasized on how they communicated and interacted with each other using different signaling pathways. Further studies are needed to uncover the underlying mechanisms and to provide novel therapies for VC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingwei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Heart, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Heart, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suntian Yu
- Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchao Wei
- Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Heart, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Heart, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vasuri F, Freyrie A, Pasquinelli G. Unusual lamellar calcifications in two rare cases of splenic aneurysms associated with fibromuscular dysplasia. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 40:116-20. [PMID: 27031177 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2016.1156797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the splenic artery is a rare underdiagnosed condition. Here, we report two cases of FMD affecting the splenic artery: one alone and one concomitantly with the renal artery. Histology revealed fibromuscular thickening of the media layer alternating with a circumferential calcification of the whole artery thickness. Ultrastructurally, FMD showed matrix vesicles and dense bodies in the extracellular matrix. A diagnosis of FMD with calcification was made. This is the first report to document circumferential lamellar calcifications alternating with the more typical fibrotic medial areas in the rare FMD localized to splenic artery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasuri
- a Unit of Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES ), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University , Bologna , Italy
| | - Antonio Freyrie
- b Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES) , S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University , Bologna , Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- a Unit of Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES ), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University , Bologna , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fittipaldi S, Vasuri F, Degiovanni A, Pini R, Gargiulo M, Stella A, Pasquinelli G, Thilly WG, Gostjeva EV. The study of calcified atherosclerotic arteries: an alternative to evaluate the composition of a problematic tissue reveals new insight including metakaryotic cells. BMC Clin Pathol 2016; 16:12. [PMID: 27478409 PMCID: PMC4966787 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-016-0036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calcifications of atherosclerotic plaques represent a controversial issue as they either lead to the stabilization or rupture of the lesion. However, the cellular key players involved in the progression of the calcified plaques have not yet been described. The primary reason for this lacuna is that decalcification procedures impair protein and nucleic acids contained in the calcified tissue. The aim of our study was to preserve the cellular content of heavily calcified plaques with a new rapid fixation in order to simplify the study of calcifications. Methods Here we applied a fixation method for fresh calcified tissue using the Carnoy’s solution followed by an enzymatic tissue digestion with type II collagenase. Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the preservation of nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. DNA content and RNA preservation was evaluated respectively with Feulgen staining and RT-PCR. A checklist of steps for successful image analysis was provided. To present the basic features of the F-DNA analysis we used descriptive statistics, skewness and kurtosis. Differences in DNA content were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post tests. The value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Twenty-four vascular adult tissues, sorted as calcified (14) or uncalcified (10), were processed and 17 fetal tissues were used as controls (9 soft and 8 hard). Cells composing the calcified carotid plaques were positive to Desmin, Vimentin, Osteocalcin or Ki-67; the cellular population included smooth muscle cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts-like cells and metakaryotic cells. The DNA content of each cell type found in the calcified carotid artery was successfully quantified in 7 selected samples. Notably the protocol revealed that DNA content in osteoblasts in fetal control tissues exhibits about half (3.0 ng) of the normal nuclear DNA content (6.0 ng). Conclusion Together with standard histology, this technique could give additional information on the cellular content of calcified plaques and help clarify the calcification process during atherosclerosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12907-016-0036-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fittipaldi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Via Massarenti 9, I 40139 Bologna, Italy ; Laboratory in Metakaryotic Biology (LIMB), Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Via Massarenti 9, I 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Degiovanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Via Massarenti 9, I 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Pini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Via Massarenti 9, I 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Gargiulo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Via Massarenti 9, I 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Stella
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Via Massarenti 9, I 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Via Massarenti 9, I 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - William G Thilly
- Laboratory in Metakaryotic Biology (LIMB), Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Elena V Gostjeva
- Laboratory in Metakaryotic Biology (LIMB), Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy, is frequently complicated by vascular calcification. Previously believed to be an end-stage process of unregulated mineral precipitation, it is now well established to be a multi-faceted disease influenced by the characteristics of its vascular location, the origins of calcifying cells and numerous regulatory pathways. It reflects the fundamental plasticity of the vasculature that is gradually being revealed by progress in vascular and stem cell biology. This review provides a brief overview of where we stand in our understanding of vascular calcification, facing the challenge of translating this knowledge into viable preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Szulc P. Abdominal aortic calcification: A reappraisal of epidemiological and pathophysiological data. Bone 2016; 84:25-37. [PMID: 26688274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In men and women, there is a significant association between the risk of cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, stroke) and risk of major fragility fracture (hip, vertebra). Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) can be assessed using semiquantitative scores on spine radiographs and spine scans obtained by DXA. Severe AAC is associated with higher risk of major cardiovascular event. Not only does severe AAC reflect poor cardiovascular health status, but also directly disturbs blood flow in the vascular system. Severe (but not mild or moderate) AAC is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD), faster bone loss and higher risk of major fragility fracture. The fracture risk remains increased after adjustment for BMD and other potential risk factors. The association between severe AAC and fracture risk was found in both sexes, mainly in the follow-ups of less than 10years. Many factors contribute to initiation and progression of AAC: lifestyle, co-morbidities, inorganic ions, dyslipidemia, hormones, cytokines (e.g. inflammatory cytokines, RANKL), matrix vesicles, microRNAs, structural proteins (e.g. elastin), vitamin K-dependent proteins, and medications (e.g. vitamin K antagonists). Osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and circulating osteoprogenitors penetrating into vascular wall plays a major role in the AAC initiation and progression. Vitamin K-dependent proteins protect vascular tunica media against formation of calcified deposits (matrix GLA protein, GLA-rich protein) and against VSMC apoptosis (Gas6). Further studies are needed to investigate clinical utility of AAC for the assessment of fracture and cardiovascular risk at the individual level and develop new medications permitting to prevent AAC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Szulc
- INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leszczynska A, O'Doherty A, Farrell E, Pindjakova J, O'Brien FJ, O'Brien T, Barry F, Murphy M. Differentiation of Vascular Stem Cells Contributes to Ectopic Calcification of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Stem Cells 2016; 34:913-23. [PMID: 26840742 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular basis of vascular calcification (VC) in atherosclerosis is not fully understood. Here, we investigate role of resident/circulating progenitor cells in VC and contribution of inflammatory plaque environment to this process. Vessel-derived stem/progenitor cells (VSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from atherosclerotic ApoE(-/-) mice showed significantly more in vitro osteogenesis and chondrogenesis than cells generated from control C57BL/6 mice. To assess their ability to form bone in vivo, cells were primed chondrogenically or cultured in control medium on collagen glycosaminoglycan scaffolds in vitro prior to subcutaneous implantation in ApoE(-/-) and C57BL/6 mice using a crossover study design. Atherosclerotic ApoE(-/-) MSCs and VSCs formed bone when implanted in C57BL/6 mice. In ApoE(-/-) mice, these cells generated more mature bone than C57BL/6 cells. The atherosclerotic in vivo environment alone promoted bone formation by implanted C57BL/6 cells. Un-primed C57BL/6 VSCs were unable to form bone in either mouse strain. Treatment of ApoE(-/-) VSC chondrogenic cultures with interleukin (IL)-6 resulted in significantly increased glycosaminoglycan deposition and expression of characteristic chondrogenic genes at 21 days. In conclusion, resident vascular cells from atherosclerotic environment respond to the inflammatory milieu and undergo calcification. IL-6 may have a role in aberrant differentiation of VSCs contributing to vascular calcification in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leszczynska
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aideen O'Doherty
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eric Farrell
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Pindjakova
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Integrated Center of Cellular Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vasuri F, Fittipaldi S, Pacilli A, Buzzi M, Pasquinelli G. The incidence and morphology of Monckeberg's medial calcification in banked vascular segments from a monocentric donor population. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:219-23. [PMID: 26757897 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the real incidence and the clinical relevance of the enigmatic Monckeberg's medial calcification in the patency of the femoral artery allograft. Here we present a retrospective study on 143 multiorgan donors (mean age 38 years, range 14-59 years), to describe the incidence and the morphological features of vascular calcifications in banked femoral arteries suitable for clinical use. In the present series, focal vascular calcifications were present in 36 (25 %) cases, 23 cases localized in the intima, 7 in the media, and 6 were mixed. No correlation was found between the incidence of calcifications and the classical cardiovascular clinical risk factors (n = 9); only hypertension correlated with the medial localization, but not with the incidence, of the calcification (P = 0.017). While the macroscopic exclusion criteria of vascular grafts include atheromatous and not-atheromatous lesions, we ignore the actual impact of Monckeberg's medial calcification on vessel transplantation and allograft life. In our opinion this is a very important topic, since when the histological criteria for Monckeberg's calcification diagnosis are used, 25 % of our young donors population was affected. Whether Monckeberg's medial calcification is a stable arterial condition, apparently underestimated in the general population, or a dynamic process evolving with age and atherosclerosis, or a banking-related vascular alteration, still remain an open issue deserving further studies with subjects of different ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasuri
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Fittipaldi
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pacilli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Buzzi
- Service of Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rukov JL, Gravesen E, Mace ML, Hofman-Bang J, Vinther J, Andersen CB, Lewin E, Olgaard K. Effect of chronic uremia on the transcriptional profile of the calcified aorta analyzed by RNA sequencing. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F477-91. [PMID: 26739890 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00472.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vascular calcification (VC) in chronic uremia (CU) is a tightly regulated process controlled by factors promoting and inhibiting mineralization. Next-generation high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful and sensitive tool for quantitative gene expression profiling and the detection of differentially expressed genes. In the present study, we, for the first time, used RNA-seq to examine rat aorta transcriptomes from CU rats compared with control rats. Severe VC was induced in CU rats, which lead to extensive changes in the transcriptional profile. Among the 10,153 genes with an expression level of >1 reads/kilobase transcript/million mapped reads, 2,663 genes were differentially expressed with 47% upregulated genes and 53% downregulated genes in uremic rats. Significantly deregulated genes were enriched for ontologies related to the extracellular matrix, response to wounding, organic substance, and ossification. The individually affected genes were of relevance to osteogenic transformation, tissue calcification, and Wnt modulation. Downregulation of the Klotho gene in uremia is believed to be involved in the development of VC, but it is debated whether the effect is caused by circulating Klotho only or if Klotho is produced locally in the vasculature. We found that Klotho was neither expressed in the normal aorta nor calcified aorta by RNA-seq. In conclusion, we demonstrated extensive changes in the transcriptional profile of the uremic calcified aorta, which were consistent with a shift in phenotype from vascular tissue toward an osteochondrocytic transcriptome profile. Moreover, neither the normal vasculature nor calcified vasculature in CU expresses Klotho.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob L Rukov
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Gravesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nephrological Department P, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria L Mace
- Nephrological Department P, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nephrological Department B, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jeppe Vinther
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ewa Lewin
- Nephrological Department P, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nephrological Department B, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Olgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nephrological Department P, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Mechanisms of ectopic calcification: implications for diabetic vasculopathy. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2015; 5:343-52. [PMID: 26543821 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2015.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is the deposition of calcium/phosphate in the vasculature, which portends a worse clinical outcome and predicts major adverse cardiovascular events. VC is an active process initiated and regulated via a variety of molecular signalling pathways. There are mainly two types of calcifications: the media VC and the intima VC. All major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been linked to the presence/development of VC. Besides the risk factors, a genetic component is also operative to determine arterial calcification. Several events take place before VC is established, including inflammation, trans-differentiation of vascular cells and homing of circulating pro-calcific cells. Diabetes is an important predisposing factor for VC. Compared with non-diabetic subjects, patients with diabetes show increased VC and higher expression of bone-related proteins in the medial layer of the vessels. In this review we will highlight the mechanisms underlying vascular calcification in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Avogaro
- 1 Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ; 2 Laboratory of Experimental Diabetology, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- 1 Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ; 2 Laboratory of Experimental Diabetology, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ciavarella C, Fittipaldi S, Pedrini S, Vasuri F, Gallitto E, Freyrie A, Stella A, Gostjeva E, Pasquinelli G. In vitro alteration of physiological parameters do not hamper the growth of human multipotent vascular wall-mesenchymal stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:36. [PMID: 26090364 PMCID: PMC4455290 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with multilineage potential and anti-inflammatory property can be isolated from different human tissues, representing promising candidates in regenerative medicine. Despite the common criteria of characterization, many factors contribute to MSC heterogeneity (i.e., tissue origin, coexistence of cell subsets at different stage of differentiation, epigenetic) and no standard methods have been approved to characterize MSCs in cell culture. AIM The present study aimed to test whether MSCs resist adverse chemical and physical culture conditions, surviving MSC subpopulations are endowed with the stemness abilities; to characterize MMP expression in AAA-MSCs under the adverse experimental conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS MSCs enzymatically isolated from human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA-MSCs) were exposed to media acidification, hypoxia, starving, drying and hypothermia through the following strategies: (1) low-density seeding in closed flasks; (2) exposure to a chemical hypoxia inducer, cobalt chloride; (3) exposure to a dry environment with growing medium deprivation and culture at 4°C. None of these conditions affected MSC viability and stemness profile, as evidenced by NANOG, OCT-4, and SOX-2 mRNA expression in surviving cells. A significant MMP-9 decrease, especially when AAA-MSCs were exposed to hypothermia, was associated with stress resistant stem cells. CONCLUSIONS AAA-MSCs survive to extremely adverse culture conditions, keeping their morphology and stemness features. Besides MMP-9 role in pathological tissue remodeling, this protease may be related to MSC survival. Future studies on MSCs derived from other tissues will be necessary to refine our culture protocol, which can represent an empirical method to demonstrate MSC stemness, with potential implications for their clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ciavarella
- Laboratory of Clinic Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Fittipaldi
- Laboratory of Clinic Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Metakaryotic Biology, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Pedrini
- Laboratory of Clinic Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Gallitto
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Freyrie
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Stella
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Elena Gostjeva
- Laboratory of Metakaryotic Biology, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amato B, Compagna R, Amato M, Grande R, Butrico L, Rossi A, Naso A, Ruggiero M, de Franciscis S, Serra R. Adult vascular wall resident multipotent vascular stem cells, matrix metalloproteinases, and arterial aneurysms. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:434962. [PMID: 25866513 PMCID: PMC4381852 DOI: 10.1155/2015/434962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidences have shown the presence of multipotent stem cells (SCs) at sites of arterial aneurysms: they can differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and are activated after residing in a quiescent state in the vascular wall. Recent studies have implicated the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of arterial aneurysms: in fact the increased synthesis of MMPs by arterial SMCs is thought to be a pivotal mechanism in aneurysm formation. The factors and signaling pathways involved in regulating wall resident SC recruitment, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and differentiation may be also related to selective expression of different MMPs. This review explores the relationship between adult vascular wall resident multipotent vascular SCs, MMPs, and arterial aneurysms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amato
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Amato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Grande
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Butrico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 88100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Agostino Naso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Ruggiero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano de Franciscis
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|