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Chama MA, Onyame HA, Fleischer C, Osei-Safo D, Waibel R, Otchere J, Addae-Mensah I, Wilson M. In vitro activities of crude extracts and triterpenoid constituents of Dichapetalum crassifolium Chodat against clinical isolates of Schistosoma haematobium. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04460. [PMID: 32760823 PMCID: PMC7393437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichapetalum crassifolium Chodat (Dichapetalaceae) is widely distributed in Africa, Tropical Asia and Latin America. As part of our quest for potential bioactive lead compounds for various neglected tropical diseases, we report the anti-schistosomal potential of the crude extracts and chemical constituents of the stems and roots of Dichapetalum crassifolium. Column chromatography of extracts of the stems and roots led to the isolation and identification of three oleanane-type triterpenoids, friedelan-3β-ol (1), friedelan-3-one (2), and maslinic acid (3); the ursane-type tritepenoid, pomolic acid (4) and the dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpenoids, dichapetalin A (5) and dichapetalin M (6). Dichapetalin A was isolated from only the roots. Isolated compounds were identified by comparison of their physico-chemical and spectral data with published data. The highest in vitro anti-schistosomal activity (IC50) of the crude extracts against clinical isolates of Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharz 1852) was 248.6 μg/ml for the ethyl acetate extract of the root while dichapetalin A gave the highest activity at 151.1 μg/ml among the compounds compared with the 15.5 μg/ml for the standard drug, praziquantel. The rest of the compounds showed activities in the order 177.9, 191.0, and 378.1 μg/ml respectively for mixture of β-sitosterol/stigmasterol, dichapetalin M and friedelan-3-one. The least active extract was the methanol extract of the stem (893.7 μg/ml). The constituents of D. crassifolium showed activity against the S. haematobium that are below praziquantel. It is envisaged that the presence of multiple layers and the minute sizes of pores in the egg shells, may preclude penetration of eggs by the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anti Chama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, P.O Box LG 56, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Henry Akwaffo Onyame
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, P.O Box LG 56, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Claudine Fleischer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, P.O Box LG 56, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Dorcas Osei-Safo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, P.O Box LG 56, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Reiner Waibel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friederich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joseph Otchere
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ivan Addae-Mensah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, P.O Box LG 56, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Michael Wilson
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Drug Screening for Discovery of Broad-spectrum Agents for Soil-transmitted Nematodes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12347. [PMID: 31451730 PMCID: PMC6710243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted nematodes (STNs), namely hookworms, whipworms, and ascarids, are extremely common parasites, infecting 1-2 billion of the poorest people worldwide. Two benzimidazoles, albendazole and mebendazole, are currently used in STN mass drug administration, with many instances of low/reduced activity reported. New drugs against STNs are urgently needed. We tested various models for STN drug screening with the aim of identifying the most effective tactics for the discovery of potent, safe and broad-spectrum agents. We screened a 1280-compound library of approved drugs to completion against late larval/adult stages and egg/larval stages of both the human hookworm parasite Ancylostoma ceylanicum and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is often used as a surrogate for STNs in screens. The quality of positives was further evaluated based on cheminformatics/data mining analyses and activity against evolutionarily distant Trichuris muris whipworm adults. From these data, two pairs of positives, sulconazole/econazole and pararosaniline/cetylpyridinium, predicted to target nematode CYP-450 and HSP-90 respectively, were prioritized for in vivo evaluation against A. ceylanicum infections in hamsters. One of these positives, pararosaniline, showed a significant impact on hookworm fecundity in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that anthelmintic screening with A. ceylanicum larval stages is superior to C. elegans based on both reduced false negative rate and superior overall quality of actives. Our results also highlight two potentially important targets for the discovery of broad-spectrum human STN drugs.
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Humphries D, Nguyen S, Kumar S, Quagraine JE, Otchere J, Harrison LM, Wilson M, Cappello M. Effectiveness of Albendazole for Hookworm Varies Widely by Community and Correlates with Nutritional Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of School-Age Children in Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 96:347-354. [PMID: 27895280 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass drug administration (MDA) targeting school-age children is recommended by the World Health Organization for the global control of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. Although considered safe and cost-effective to deliver, benzimidazole anthelminthics are variably effective against the three most common STHs, and widespread use has raised concern about the potential for emerging resistance. To identify factors mediating response to albendazole, we conducted a cross-sectional study of hookworm infection in the Kintampo North Municipality of Ghana in 2011. Among 140 school-age children residing in five contiguous communities, the hookworm prevalence was 59% (82/140). The overall cure rate following administration of single-dose albendazole (400 mg) was 35% (27/76), with a community-wide fecal egg reduction rate (ERR) of 61% (95% confidence interval: 51.8-71.1). Significant disparities were observed in albendazole effectiveness by community, with a cure rate as low as 0% (N = 24) in Jato Akuraa and ERRs ranging from 53% to 95% across the five study sites. Individual host factors associated with response to deworming treatment included time since last meal, pretreatment blood hemoglobin level, and mid-upper arm circumference. These data demonstrate significant community-level variation in the effectiveness of albendazole, even among populations living in close proximity. Identification of host factors that influence response to albendazole, most notably the timing of drug administration and nutritional factors, creates an opportunity to enhance the effectiveness of deworming through targeted interventions. These findings also demonstrate the importance of measuring anthelminthic response as part of the monitoring and evaluation of community-based deworming programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Humphries
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sara Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sunny Kumar
- Yale Partnerships for Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Josephine E Quagraine
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Otchere
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lisa M Harrison
- Yale Partnerships for Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Cappello
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut. .,Yale Partnerships for Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Deardorff K, Ray W, Winterstein E, Brown M, McCornack J, Cardenas-Garcia B, Jones K, McNutt S, Fulkerson S, Ferreira D, Gény C, Chen X, Belofsky G, Dondji B. Phenolic Metabolites of Dalea ornata Affect Both Survival and Motility of the Human Pathogenic Hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2296-303. [PMID: 27584977 PMCID: PMC5260846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hookworms are ubiquitous human parasites, infecting nearly one billion people worldwide, and are the leading cause of anemia and malnutrition in resource-limited countries. Current drug treatments rely on the benzimidazole derivatives albendazole and mebendazole, but there is emerging resistance to these drugs. As part of a larger screening effort, using a hamster-based ex vivo assay, anthelmintic activity toward Ancylostoma ceylanicum was observed in the crude extract of aerial parts of Dalea ornata. These studies have led to the isolation and characterization of phenolic metabolites 1-10. The structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration of 1 was assigned using electronic circular dichroism data. The new compound, (2S)-8-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-6,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone (1), was weakly active at 7.3 μM, with 17% reduction in survival of the hookworms after 5 days. The rotenoids deguelin (9) and tephrosin (10), predictably perhaps, were the most active, with complete worm mortality observed by day 4 (or earlier) at 6.3 and 6.0 μM, respectively. The effects of 1-10 on hookworm motility and on toxicity to hamster splenocytes were also explored as important measures of treatment potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Deardorff
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - William Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Eric Winterstein
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - MacKenzie Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Jocelyn McCornack
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Brianda Cardenas-Garcia
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Kiah Jones
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Sarah McNutt
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Shannon Fulkerson
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Charlotte Gény
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Gil Belofsky
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
- Corresponding Authors. Tel: 509-963-2882. Fax: 509-963-1050. . Tel: 509-963-2715. Fax: 509-963-2370.
| | - Blaise Dondji
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, United States
- Corresponding Authors. Tel: 509-963-2882. Fax: 509-963-1050. . Tel: 509-963-2715. Fax: 509-963-2370.
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Chama MA, Dziwornu GA, Waibel R, Osei-Safo D, Addae-Mensah I, Otchere J, Wilson M. Isolation, characterization, and anthelminthic activities of a novel dichapetalin and other constituents of Dichapetalum filicaule. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1179-1188. [PMID: 26118692 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1059861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dichapetalum filicaule Breteler (Dichapetalaceae) is a rare species occurring only in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. Although research on several species of the genus has produced interesting bioactive compounds, particularly the Dichapetalins, a novel class of triterpenoids with antineoplastic properties, there is virtually no information on the ethnobotanical uses and chemical constituents of D. filicaule. OBJECTIVE The phytochemical and anthelminthic activities of the constituents of D. filicaule were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical constituents of the petroleum ether, chloroform-acetone, and methanol root extracts of D. filicaule were isolated by column chromatography and characterized by their physico-chemical properties, 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In vitro anthelminthic activity of the extracts and compounds against the human hookworm, Necator americanus, Stiles 1902 (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) was determined within a concentration range of 2500-250 μg/ml using the Egg Hatch Inhibition (EHI) Assay. The hookworm species were identified using a published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS A new dichapetalin, dichapetalin X (1), together with the known dichapetalin A (2), pomolic acid (3), glycerol monostearate (4), D:A-friedooleanan-3β-ol (5), and D:A-friedooleanan-3-one (6) were isolated. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited EHI with IC50 values of 523.2, 162.4, and 306.0 μg/ml, respectively, against the hookworm. The positive control albendazole gave an IC50 value of 93.27 μg/ml. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This is the first report of the phytochemical investigation of D. filicaule. The study has yielded a new dichapetalin and also demonstrated the potential anthelminthic properties of the constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anti Chama
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana
| | | | - Reiner Waibel
- b Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friederich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany , and
| | | | | | - Joseph Otchere
- c Department of Parasitology , Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana
| | - Michael Wilson
- c Department of Parasitology , Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana
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Flores D, Panic G, Braissant O, Keiser J. A novel isothermal microcalorimetry tool to assess drug effects on Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Necator americanus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:837-46. [PMID: 26519051 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths, which affect the poorest communities, worldwide cause a range of symptoms and morbidity, yet few treatment options are available and drug resistance is a concern. To improve and accelerate anthelminthic drug discovery, novel drug screening tools such as isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) have been tested with great potential. In this study, we used a novel microcalorimeter, the calScreener™, to study the viability on the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum as well as the whipworm Trichuris muris. Significant heat flow signals could be obtained with already one adult worm per channel for all three species. High-amplitude oscillations were observed for the hookworms; however, adult T. muris showed a twofold heat flow decrease during the first 24 h. Antinematodal effects of ivermectin and levamisole at 1, 10, and 100 μg/ml were evaluated on adult N. americanus and A. ceylanicum. Levamisole-treated hookworms showed a decline in heat flow and oscillation amplitude in a dose-response manner. Heat flow for ivermectin-treated hookworms increased proportionally with increased concentrations of ivermectin, though the wavelet analysis showed an opposite trend as observed by flatter wavelets. In conclusion, the calScreener™ is an excellent tool to study drug effects on intestinal hookworms at the adult worm stage as it offers a lower detection limit than other IMC devices and the possibility to monitor worm viability online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Flores
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gordana Panic
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Center of Biomechanics & Biocalorimetry, University of Basel c/o Department Biomedical Engineering (DBE), CH-4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland.
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Nguyen JB, Pool CD, Wong CYB, Treger RS, Williams DL, Cappello M, Lea WA, Simeonov A, Vermeire JJ, Modis Y. Peroxiredoxin-1 from the human hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum forms a stable oxidized decamer and is covalently inhibited by conoidin A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:991-1001. [PMID: 23891152 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hookworms are parasitic nematodes that have a devastating impact on global health, particularly in developing countries. We report a biochemical and structural analysis of a peroxiredoxin from the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum, AcePrx-1. Peroxiredoxins provide antioxidant protection and act as signaling molecules and chaperones. AcePrx-1 is expressed in adult hookworms and can be inactivated by 2,3-bis(bromomethyl)quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide (conoidin A). Conoidin A inactivates AcePrx-1 by alkylating or crosslinking the catalytic cysteines, while maintaining the enzyme in the "locally unfolded" conformation. Irreversible oxidation of the resolving cysteine may contribute additional inhibitory activity. A crystal structure of oxidized AcePrx-1 reveals a disulfide-linked decamer. A helix macrodipole near the active site increases the reactivity of the catalytic cysteines to conoidin A. This work demonstrates the promise of conoidin compounds as probes to evaluate peroxiredoxins as drug targets in human parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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