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Anasir MI, Poh CL. Discovery of B-cell epitopes for development of dengue vaccines and antibody therapeutics. Med Microbiol Immunol 2022; 211:1-18. [PMID: 35059822 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most frequently transmitted viral infections globally which creates a serious burden to the healthcare system in many countries in the tropical and subtropical regions. To date, no vaccine has demonstrated balanced protection against the four dengue serotypes. Dengvaxia as the only vaccine that has been licensed for use in endemic areas has shown an increased risk in dengue-naïve vaccines to develop severe dengue. A crucial element in protection from dengue infection is the neutralizing antibody responses. Therefore, the identification of protective linear B-cell epitopes can guide vaccine design and facilitate the development of monoclonal antibodies as dengue therapeutics. This review summarizes the identification of dengue B-cell epitopes within the envelope (E) protein of dengue that can be incorporated into peptide vaccine constructs. These epitopes have been identified through approaches such as bioinformatics, three-dimensional structure analysis of antibody-dengue complexes, mutagenesis/alanine scanning and escape mutant studies. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies targeting the E protein of dengue is reviewed. This can provide a basis for the design of future dengue therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Hooft van Huijsduijnen R, Kojima S, Carter D, Okabe H, Sato A, Akahata W, Wells TNC, Katsuno K. Reassessing therapeutic antibodies for neglected and tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007860. [PMID: 31999695 PMCID: PMC6991954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades there has been a significant expansion in the number of new therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are approved by regulators. The discovery of these new medicines has been driven primarily by new approaches in inflammatory diseases and oncology, especially in immuno-oncology. Other recent successes have included new antibodies for use in viral diseases, including HIV. The perception of very high costs associated with mAbs has led to the assumption that they play no role in prophylaxis for diseases of poverty. However, improvements in antibody-expression yields and manufacturing processes indicate this is a cost-effective option for providing protection from many types of infection that should be revisited. Recent technology developments also indicate that several months of protection could be achieved with a single dose. Moreover, new methods in B cell sorting now enable the systematic identification of high-quality antibodies from humanized mice, or patients. This Review discusses the potential for passive immunization against schistosomiasis, fungal infections, dengue, and other neglected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dee Carter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and The Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Wataru Akahata
- VLP Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Kei Katsuno
- Global Health Innovative Technology Fund, Tokyo, Japan
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Sun P, Williams M, Nagabhushana N, Jani V, Defang G, Morrison BJ. NK Cells Activated through Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity and Armed with Degranulation/IFN-γ Production Suppress Antibody-dependent Enhancement of Dengue Viral Infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1109. [PMID: 30710094 PMCID: PMC6358599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody (Ab)-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a hypothesized mechanism of increased disease severity during secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection. This study investigates Ab-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in counteracting ADE. In our system, DENV and DENV-immune sera were added to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and ADE and NK cell activation were simultaneously monitored. ADE was detected in monocytes and a concurrent activation of NK cells was observed. Activated NK cells expressed IFN-γ and CD107a. IFN-γ was detected at 24 hours (24 h) followed by a rapid decline; CD107a expression peaked at 48 h and persisted for >7 days. Optimal activation of NK cells required the presence of enhancement serum together with ADE-affected monocytes and soluble factors, suggesting the coexistence of the counteractive ADCC Abs, in the same ADE-serum, capable of strongly promoting NK cell activation. The function of NK cells against ADE was demonstrated using a depletion assay. NK cell-depleted PBMCs had increased ADE as compared to whole PBMCs. Conversely, adding activated NK cells back into the NK-depleted-PBMCs or to purified monocytes decreased ADE. Blocking IFN-γ expression also increased ADE. The study suggests that under ADE conditions, NK cells can be activated by ADCC Abs and can control the magnitude of ADE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Sun
- Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Maya Williams
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Gabriel Defang
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Brian J Morrison
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Magnani DM, Ricciardi MJ, Bailey VK, Gutman MJ, Pedreño-Lopez N, Silveira CGT, Maxwell HS, Domingues A, Gonzalez-Nieto L, Su Q, Newman RM, Pack M, Martins MA, Martinez-Navio JM, Fuchs SP, Rakasz EG, Allen TM, Whitehead SS, Burton DR, Gao G, Desrosiers RC, Kallas EG, Watkins DI. Dengue Virus Evades AAV-Mediated Neutralizing Antibody Prophylaxis in Rhesus Monkeys. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2323-2331. [PMID: 28750738 PMCID: PMC5628771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of vaccines against mosquito-borne Flaviviruses is complicated by the occurrence of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), which can increase disease severity. Long-term delivery of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) has the potential to effectively block infection and represents an alternative to vaccination. The risk of ADE may be avoided by using prophylactic nAbs harboring amino acid mutations L234A and L235A (LALA) in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) constant region. Here, we used recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) to deliver the anti-dengue virus 3 (DENV3) nAb P3D05. While the administration of rAAV-P3D05-rhesus immunoglobulin G1 (rhIgG1)-LALA to rhesus macaques engendered DENV3-neutralizing activity in serum, it did not prevent infection. The emergence of viremia following DENV3 challenge was delayed by 3-6 days in the rAAV-treated group, and replicating virus contained the envelope mutation K64R. This neutralization-resistant variant was also confirmed by virus outgrowth experiments in vitro. By delivering P3D05 with unmutated Fc sequences, we further demonstrated that DENV3 also evaded wild-type nAb prophylaxis, and serum viral loads appeared to be higher in the presence of low levels of unmutated P3D05-rhIgG1. Our study shows that a vectored approach for long-term delivery of nAbs with the LALA mutations is promising, but prophylaxis using a single nAb is likely insufficient at preventing DENV infection and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo M Magnani
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Varian K Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Martin J Gutman
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Cassia G T Silveira
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 246903, Brazil
| | - Helen S Maxwell
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Aline Domingues
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Qin Su
- The Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Ruchi M Newman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melissa Pack
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eva G Rakasz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- The Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | - Esper G Kallas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 246903, Brazil
| | - David I Watkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Ong EZ, Budigi Y, Tan HC, Robinson LN, Rowley KJ, Winnett A, Hobbie S, Shriver Z, Babcock GJ, Ooi EE. Preclinical evaluation of VIS513, a therapeutic antibody against dengue virus, in non-human primates. Antiviral Res 2017; 144:44-47. [PMID: 28529000 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite useful in vivo activity, no therapeutic against dengue virus (DENV) has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. Herein, we explored dosing and virological endpoints to guide the design of human trials of VIS513, a pan-serotype anti-DENV IgG1 antibody, in non-human primates (NHPs). Dosing VIS513 pre- or post-peak viremia in NHPs neutralized infectious DENV although RNAemia remained detectable post-treatment; differential interaction of human IgGs with macaque Fc-gamma receptors may delay clearance of neutralized DENV. Our findings suggest useful antiviral utility of VIS513 and highlight an important consideration when evaluating virological endpoints of trials for anti-DENV biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Z Ong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Sven Hobbie
- Visterra Singapore International Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | | | | | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore.
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