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Luo Y, Wang Y, Tang W, Wang C, Liu H, Wang X, Xie J, Wang J, Ouyang K, Chen Y, Wei Z, Qin Y, Pan Y, Huang W. Isolation and identification of a novel porcine-related recombinant mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 strain from cattle in Guangxi Province, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1419691. [PMID: 39104586 PMCID: PMC11299062 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1419691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infects various mammals, including humans, and is linked to gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurological diseases. A recent outbreak in Liuzhou, Guangxi, China, led to the isolation of a new MRV strain, GXLZ2301, from fecal samples. This strain replicates in multiple cell lines and forms lattice-like structures. Infected cells exhibit single-cell death and syncytia formation. The virus's titers peaked at 107.2 TCID50/0.1 mL in PK-15 and BHK cells, with the lowest at 103.88 TCID50/0.1 mL in A549 cells. Electron microscopy showed no envelope with a diameter of about 70 nm. Genetic analysis revealed GXLZ2301 as a recombinant strain with gene segments from humans, cows, and pigs, similar to type 3 MRV strains from Italy (2015-2016). Pathogenicity tests indicated that while the bovine MRV strain did not cause clinical symptoms in mice, it caused significant damage to the gut, lungs, liver, kidneys, and brain. The emergence of this MRV strain may pose a threat to the health of animals and humans, and it is recommended that its epidemiology and recombination be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Luo
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Yanglin Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Wenfei Tang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Liuzhou Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Liuzhou, China
| | - Huanghao Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Yifeng Qin
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
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Chan TTY, Chow FWN, Fung J, Cheng FKK, Lo GCS, Tsang CC, Luk HKH, Wong ACP, He Z, Aw-Yong KL, Liu X, Yuen KY, Woo PCY, Lau SKP. A sensitive and simple RT-LAMP assay for sarbecovirus screening in bats. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0259123. [PMID: 37971222 PMCID: PMC10715088 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02591-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We report the application of a colorimetric and fluorescent reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to facilitate mass screening for sarbecoviruses in bats. The assay was evaluated using a total of 838 oral and alimentary samples from bats and demonstrated comparable sensitivity and specificity to quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), with a simple setup. The addition of SYTO9, a fluorescent nucleic acid stain, also allows for quantitative analysis. The scalability and simplicity of the assay are believed to contribute to improving preparedness for detecting emerging coronaviruses by applying it to field studies and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Tat-Yin Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Franklin Wang-Ngai Chow
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joshua Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Flora Ka-Kei Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George Chi-Shing Lo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hayes Kam-Hei Luk
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Antonio Cheuk-Pui Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zirong He
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam Leng Aw-Yong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Chiu-Yat Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Susanna Kar-Pui Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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George U, George O, Oragwa A, Motayo B, Kamani J, Adamu A, Sowemimo O, Adeleke R, Abalaka S, Sani N, Oguzie J, Eromon P, Folarin O, Happi A, Komolafe I, Happi C. Detection of Alpha- and Betacoronaviruses in Frugivorous and Insectivorous Bats in Nigeria. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091017. [PMID: 36145450 PMCID: PMC9502725 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of bat-associated zoonotic viruses necessitates a close monitoring of their natural hosts. Since the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), it is evident that bats are vital reservoirs of coronaviruses (CoVs). In this study, we investigated the presence of CoVs in multiple bat species in Nigeria to identify viruses in bats at high-risk human contact interfaces. Four hundred and nine bats comprising four bat species close to human habitats were individually sampled from five states in Nigeria between 2019 and 2021. Coronavirus detection was done using broadly reactive consensus PCR primers targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of CoVs. Coronavirus RNA was detected in 39 samples (9.5%, CI 95%: [7.0, 12.8]), of which 29 were successfully sequenced. The identified CoVs in Nigerian bats were from the unclassified African alphacoronavirus lineage and betacoronavirus lineage D (Nobecovirus), with one sample from Hipposideros ruber coinfected with alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus. Different bat species roosting in similar or other places had CoVs from the same genetic lineage. The phylogenetic and evolutionary dynamics data indicated a high CoV diversity in Nigeria, while host switching may have contributed to CoV evolution. Robust sentinel surveillance is recommended to enhance our knowledge of emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwem George
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadamilola George
- Ibadan Diagnostic and Epidemiology Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Mokola, Ibadan 200212, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Arthur Oragwa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos,
Jos 930003, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Motayo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta 110222, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Kamani
- Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), PMB 01,
Vom 930103, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Andrew Adamu
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine,
James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Bebegu Yumba Campus, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja,
Abuja 900105, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Oluyomi Sowemimo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Richard Adeleke
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan,
Ibadan 200132, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Samson Abalaka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja,
Abuja 900105, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Nuhu Sani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja,
Abuja 900105, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Judith Oguzie
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Philomena Eromon
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Onikepe Folarin
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Anise Happi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Isaac Komolafe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Christian Happi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (C.H.)
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Wang L, Li Y, Walsh T, Shen Z, Li Y, Deb Nath N, Lee J, Zheng B, Tao Y, Paden CR, Queen K, Zhang S, Tong S, Ma W. Isolation and characterization of novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus from pigs in the United States. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1137-1147. [PMID: 34018466 PMCID: PMC8205024 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1933608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infects multiple mammalian species including humans. A United States Midwest swine farm with approximately one thousand 3-month-old pigs experienced an event, in which more than 300 pigs showed neurological signs, like "down and peddling", with approximately 40% mortality. A novel MRV was isolated from the diseased pigs. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate was a reassortant virus containing viral gene segments from three MRV serotypes that infect human, bovine and swine. The M2 and S1 segment of the isolate showed 94% and 92% nucleotide similarity to the M2 of the MRV2 D5/Jones and the S1 of the MRV1 C/bovine/Indiana/MRV00304/2014, respectively; the remaining eight segments displayed 93%-95% nucleotide similarity to those of the MRV3 FS-03/Porcine/USA/2014. Pig studies showed that both MRV-infected and native contact pigs displayed fever, diarrhoea and nasal discharge. MRV RNA was detected in different intestinal locations of both infected and contact pigs, indicating that the MRV isolate is pathogenic and transmissible in pigs. Seroconversion was also observed in experimentally infected pigs. A prevalence study on more than 180 swine serum samples collected from two states without disease revealed 40%-52% positive to MRV. All results warrant the necessity to monitor MRV epidemiology and reassortment as the MRV could be an important pathogen for the swine industry and a novel MRV might emerge to threaten animal and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy Walsh
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yonghai Li
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Nirmalendu Deb Nath
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jinhwa Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Baoliang Zheng
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ying Tao
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clinton R Paden
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krista Queen
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suxiang Tong
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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