1
|
Burns RN, Southworth E, Santiago S, Stephenson-Famy A, Fay E, Wang EY, Cai F. Volume, Distribution, and Inequities by Race and Gender of Clinical Experiences Reported by Medical Students Entering Obstetrics and Gynecology Residencies. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:657-665. [PMID: 36801203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess for inequities by race and gender of fourth year medical students' (MS4s) self-reported clinical experience in obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn). DESIGN This was a voluntary, cross-sectional survey. Participants provided demographic data, information regarding their preparation for residency, and self-reported numbers of hands-on clinical experiences. Responses were compared across demographic categories to assess for disparity in pre-residency experiences. SETTING The survey was open to all MS4s matched to Ob/Gyn internships in the United States in 2021. PARTICIPANTS The survey was distributed primarily via social media. Eligibility was verified by participants supplying the names of their medical school of origin and their matched residency program prior to completing the survey. 1057/1469 (71.9%) MS4s entering Ob/Gyn residencies participated. Respondent characteristics were not different from nationally available data. RESULTS Median clinical experience numbers were calculated for hysterectomies (10; IQR 5-20), suturing opportunities (15; IQR 8-30), and vaginal deliveries (5.5; IQR 2-12). Non-White students had fewer hands-on experiences with hysterectomy, suturing, and cumulative clinical experiences when compared to White MS4s (p values <0.001). Female students had fewer hands-on experiences with hysterectomies (p < 0.04), vaginal delivery (p < 0.03), and cumulative experiences (p < 0.002) than male students. When assessed by quartiles, non-White students and female students were less likely to be in the top quartile for experience and more likely to be in the bottom quartile for experience than their White and male counterparts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of medical students entering Ob/Gyn residency have minimal hands-on clinical experience with foundational procedures. Additionally, there are racial and gender disparities in clinical experiences of MS4s matching to Ob/Gyn internships. Future work should identify how biases in medical education may affect the access to clinical experience in medical school, and potential interventions to mitigate inequities in procedures and confidence prior to residency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Nicholas Burns
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Elizabeth Southworth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sarah Santiago
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alyssa Stephenson-Famy
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily Fay
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eileen Y Wang
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fei Cai
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karagir A, Khairnar MR, Adaki S, Dhole RI, Patil MC, Ingale A. Assessment of the factors influencing dental students to choose dentistry as a career: A cross-sectional survey. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 32:153-157. [PMID: 34810381 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_407_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Career choice, one of the most important process in a student's life, has an influence on his/her future life. Hence, it is important to understand student's motives behind choosing a specific career. Hence, the study was designed with an aim to evaluate the factors influencing dental students to choose dentistry as career. Methods The present cross-sectional survey was conducted on 401 dental students from a dental institute. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of 13 reasons that possibly influenced students' decision to study dentistry. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Results Majority of the students participating were female (77.1%). Top four reasons to choose dentistry as a profession were to help poor people (95.5%), to earn prestige and respect (95.0%) followed by self-interest (94.7%) and study of human parts especially teeth (92.8%). Making money was the reason reported by 77.8% of the students. Other reasons reported were inspiration from other dentists (63.3%), did not get admission to medicine (MBBS) course (52.1%), and no doctor in family (51.9%). Family members in medical/dental profession was the least reported reason (36.9%). There were no significant differences among males and females for reported reasons except for one reason, that is, did not get admitted to medicine (MBBS) course (60.9% male and 48.9% female; P = 0.031). Conclusion Students were mostly influenced by own interest and altruistic nature to opt for dental profession.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amol Karagir
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh Ravindra Khairnar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shridevi Adaki
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohit Ishwar Dhole
- Department of Prosthodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhuri C Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amritha Ingale
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaminski A, Falls G, Parikh PP. Clerkship Experiences During Medical School: Influence on Specialty Decision. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2021; 31:1109-1114. [PMID: 34457954 PMCID: PMC8368383 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-021-01281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical rotations during medical school are the time when most students select their specialty. Limited or lack of exposure could deter students from certain sub-specialties, and thus, insight into the selection process is essential. This study assesses the role of limited clinical rotations and perception of students on specialty selection. METHODS All graduating medical students were surveyed at our US-based institution for 2 years. The survey included both open- and close-ended questions related to influence of clerkship experience and other factors on specialty choice and suggestions for improvement. The data were analyzed descriptively and thematically. RESULTS Majority of students (87%) had minimal exposure to their chosen residency specialty prior to the third-year clerkships. Role of a clerkship experience in selecting a specialty was significant for 70% students, especially interaction with attendings (92%) and residents (86.3%). The most influential reasons for specialty choice to change were clerkship experience (41%) and mentors (21%). Approximately 34% students chose a specialty that was not a part of third-year core clerkships, and the most significant factors influencing their choice were shadowing experience (21%) and lifestyle (18%). Further, thematic analysis suggested that earlier and more clinical exposure to various specialties and formal mentoring could make specialty selection process easier. CONCLUSIONS Along with specialty content, the relationship of learners and teachers in the clinical setting plays a significant role in selecting and/or rejecting certain specialty by medical students. The study provides broader baseline data for medical schools and educators in preparation of curriculum and future physician workforce composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Kaminski
- Department of Surgery, Wright State University, Miami Valley Hospital, 128 E. Apple St., Suite 7000, OH Dayton, USA
| | - Garietta Falls
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, OH Cleveland, USA
| | - Priti P. Parikh
- Department of Surgery, Wright State University, Miami Valley Hospital, 128 E. Apple St., Suite 7000, OH Dayton, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yaqub F, Nuttall C. Letter to the Editor: Maintaining certainty. Birth 2021; 48:3. [PMID: 33067873 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
McKinley SK, Cassidy DJ, Mansur A, Saillant N, Ghosh A, Evenson A, Askari R, Haynes A, Cho N, James BC, Olasky J, Rangel E, Petrusa E, Phitayakorn R. Identification of Specific Educational Targets to Improve the Student Surgical Clerkship Experience. J Surg Res 2020; 254:49-57. [PMID: 32408030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes the relationship between medical student perception of surgery, frequency of positive surgery clerkship activities, and overall surgical clerkship experience. METHODS Medical students at four academic hospitals completed pre- and post-clerkship surveys assessing 1) surgery clerkship activities/experiences and 2) perceptions of surgery during the 2017-2018 academic year. RESULTS Ninety-one percent of students completed both a pre- and post-clerkship survey (n = 162 of 179). Student perception of surgery significantly improved across the clerkship overall (P < 0.0001) and for 7 of 21 specific items. Eighty-six percent of students agreed that the clerkship was a meaningful experience. Sixty-six percent agreed that the operating room was a positive learning environment. Multivariable logistic regression identified one-on-one mentoring from a resident (OR [95% CI] = 2.12 [1.11-4.04], P = 0.02) and establishing a meaningful relationship with a surgical patient (OR = 2.21 [1.12-4.37], P = 0.02) as activities predictive of student agreement that the surgical clerkship was meaningful. Making an incision (OR = 2.92 [1.54-5.56], P = 0.001) and assisting in dissection (OR = 1.67 [1.03-2.69], P = 0.035) were predictive of student agreement that the operating room was a positive learning environment. Positive student perception of surgery before the clerkship was associated with increased frequency of positive clerkship activities including operative involvement (r = 0.26, P = 0.001) and relationships with surgical attendings (r = 0.20, P = 0.01), residents (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001), and patients (r = 0.24, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Interventions to improve surgery clerkship quality should target enhancing student relationships with residents and surgical patients as well as providing opportunity for student operative involvement beyond just suturing. In addition, fostering positive perceptions of surgery in the preclinical period may increase meaningfulness and experience with the later surgery clerkship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia K McKinley
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Douglas J Cassidy
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arian Mansur
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noelle Saillant
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Amy Evenson
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reza Askari
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alex Haynes
- Department of Surgery, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy Cho
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin C James
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaisa Olasky
- Department of Surgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | | | - Emil Petrusa
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roy Phitayakorn
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ratan BM, Greely JT, Jensen MD, Kilpatrick CC. A Conceptual Model for Residents as Teachers in Obstetrics and Gynecology. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2020; 30:1169-1176. [PMID: 34457779 PMCID: PMC8368430 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-00985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The learning environment in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) may have intrinsic differences that require modifying existing resident as teacher models for high-quality teaching. OBJECTIVE To explore medical students' views of resident teaching on the OB/GYN clerkship in order to develop more effective educators. METHODS Between October 2017 and June 2018, we performed medical student focus groups at the end of the 2-month OB/GYN clerkship. Topics discussed included positive and negative teaching interactions with residents, barriers specific to the OB/GYN clerkship, and best methods for resident teaching. Qualitative analysis utilizing 3 reviewers and N-Vivo software were used to identify themes. RESULTS A total of 37 students participated in five focus groups. The most common barriers were a learning environment that was less predictable than on other rotations and lack of autonomy due to patient advocacy concerns. The three main contributors to positive learning experiences were team inclusion, clear expectations, and feedback. Negative interactions were passive learning experiences and inconsistent expectations. The best methods for resident teaching were verbalization of cognitive processes, preparation to use common patient encounters as teaching moments, and modeling skills needed for proficient patient care. DISCUSSION The learning environment on OB/GYN is unpredictable and influenced by four Ps: patient autonomy, passive experiences, procedures, and preconceived notions. The strategy of a resident teacher should focus on medical student inclusion and preparation for teaching role. We thus suggest a TEAM (Thinking Aloud, Expectations, Advanced Preparation, Modeling) approach to improve resident teaching on the OB/GYN clerkship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bani M. Ratan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jocelyn T. Greely
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - M. Diane Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Charlie C. Kilpatrick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santoro JD. Reader response: Characteristics of graduating US allopathic medical students pursuing a career in neurology. Neurology 2020; 94:762-763. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
8
|
Ruhotina M, Hampton BS. Does Participation in Obstetrics and Gynecology Subspecialties Improve Clerkship Outcomes? MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2020; 30:375-379. [PMID: 34457680 PMCID: PMC8368914 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-00915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective is to determine if participation in subspecialty rotations during Ob/Gyn core clerkships improves student performance as measured by National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Ob/Gyn clinical science subject exam scores, clinical evaluations, and final clerkship summative grades when compared to students without focused subspecialty time. METHODS This is a retrospective study of third-year Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AMS) Ob/Gyn core clerkship students at a single institution (Women and Infants Hospital in Providence, RI) from 2012 to 2017. Participation in Maternal Fetal Medicine (MFM) and/or Gynecologic oncology (Gyn Onc) subspecialty track (a one-week focused experience), NBME Ob/Gyn clinical science subject exam raw score, clinical evaluation score, final clerkship summative grade, and decision to pursue Ob/Gyn as a career were analyzed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in NBME scores or final clerkship summative grade when comparing general track students to the subspecialty track. There was a significant difference in the clinical evaluation scores between general track and sub-specialty track students (p < 0.002). Of the students who pursued an Ob/Gyn residency, 75% participated in a subspecialty track. CONCLUSION Exposure to subspecialty fields is not uniform during core clerkships. Our study indicates that using core clerkship time for early subspecialty exposure does not negatively impact student outcomes, and potentially improves clinical evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merima Ruhotina
- Women and Infants Ob/Gyn Residency, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- 101 Dudley Street, Providence, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Brittany Star Hampton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahha AJ, Abutaleb AA, Madkhali AM, Hakami MM, Jelan NS, Hakami RH. Saudi medical students' views on obstetrics and gynecology as a future career specialty. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:859-863. [PMID: 32318435 PMCID: PMC7114000 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_974_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The specialty of obstetrics and gynecology is showing a widening gap between the vacant positions and the number of applicants as reported by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS). This study was conducted to explore the medical students’ views on obstetrics and gynecology as a future career and identify factors influencing these views. Methods: An observational survey was conducted on 148 medical students in years 5 and 6 at Jazan University between June 2019 and July 2019. Participants completed a self-report online questionnaire covering their sociodemographic details, interest in obstetrics and gynecology, and views on the specialty. Results: Overall, obstetrics and gynecology was selected as the first specialty choice by 8.8% and second choice by 17.6%. Intention to take a career in obstetrics and gynecology was associated with female sex (P = 0.01). While over half of the participants emphasized the merits of obstetrics and gynecology as exciting, interesting, and challenging, over 40% viewed the specialty as stressful, over one-third described it as demanding, and over one-quarter appreciated its riskiness. Conclusion: This study showed that 8.8% of the respondents chose obstetrics and gynecology as their first career choice. Sex was the only factor influencing the views of medical students on the specialty, with more females favoring the specialty than males. To improve its appeal, students should be supplied with more information about the specialty and its training opportunities, as well as exposure to areas of special interest.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pradhan A, Buery-Joyner SD, Page-Ramsey S, Bliss S, Craig LB, Everett E, Forstein DA, Graziano S, Hopkins L, McKenzie M, Morgan H, Hampton BS. To the point: undergraduate medical education learner mistreatment issues on the learning environment in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:377-382. [PMID: 31029660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article, from the To the Point series prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, is an overview of issues to consider regarding learner mistreatment and its effects on the undergraduate medical education learning environment in the United States. National data from the American Association of Medical Colleges Graduate Questionnaire and local data regarding learner mistreatment provide evidence that the learning environment at most medical schools needs to be improved. The American Association of Medical Colleges' definition of learner mistreatment focuses on active mistreatment, but data on passive mistreatment also contribute to a negative learning environment. The lack of tolerance for active mistreatment issues such as public humiliation and sexual and racial harassment need to be made transparent through institutional and departmental policies. Additionally, reporting mechanisms at both levels need to be created and acted upon. Passive mistreatment issues such as unclear expectations and neglect can also be addressed at institutional and departmental levels through training modules and appropriate communication loops to address these concerns. To fully confront and solve this challenging issue regarding learner mistreatment at the undergraduate medical education level, solutions to need to be implemented for faculty, residents, and students in the institutional, departmental, and clerkship settings.
Collapse
|
11
|
Al Salehi A, Al Dughaishi T, Rizvi G, Gowri V. Obstetrics and Gynaecology as a Future Career for Medical Graduates in Oman: Factors that attract and discourage graduates. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2019; 19:e58-e62. [PMID: 31198597 PMCID: PMC6544066 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2019.19.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Obstetrics and gynaecology (OBGYN) is a major speciality in the medical field that is often demanding yet rewarding; however, OBGYN receives the least number of applicants in Oman. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence graduates in choosing OBGYN as their speciality. Methods This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from February to March 2017 at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Royal Hospital, Khoula Hospital and Al Nahdha Hospital, Muscat, Oman. The questionnaire was distributed to 150 Omani medical graduates (interns and post-intern doctors). Results A total of 145 Omani graduates took part in the study (response rate: 96.7%) and the participants' average age was 26 years. Family medicine ranked as the first choice followed by paediatrics and emergency medicine. OBGYN was the first choice for eight female graduates. The top factors attracting male graduates to the OBGYN speciality were its surgical opportunities (80.6%), intellectual content (77.4%), faculty interactions and the opportunity to care for a healthy population (54.8% each); however, the top factors attracting females were the intellectual content (88.6%), patients' desire for female physicians (85.1%), the opportunity to care for a healthy population (76.3%) and cultural expectations (69.5%). The most discouraging factors for male graduates were cultural expectations (100%), the patients' desire for a female physician (93.5%) and the level of stress (71%), while the discouraging factors for female graduates were the level of stress (82.5%), time demands (78.1%), night duties and the length of the residency (71.9% each). Conclusion Most of the factors that discourage female graduates from choosing OBGYN are to some extent modifiable. These changes should be considered to encourage the selection of OBGYN as a career by medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Al Salehi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Programme, Oman Medical Speciality Board, Muscat, Oman
| | - Tamima Al Dughaishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gauhar Rizvi
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Vaidyanathan Gowri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dogbey GY, Collins K, Russ R, Brannan GD, Mivsek M, Sewell S. Factors Associated With Osteopathic Primary Care Residency Choice Decisions. J Osteopath Med 2019; 118:225-233. [PMID: 29582057 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2018.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Context The osteopathic medical profession traditionally emphasized the education of primary care physicians. A common thread for both osteopathic and allopathic residency matches, however, has been an increase in the interest in specialties outside of primary care. Objective To determine whether there are critical points in medical school associated with residency selection decision-making, what factors affect residency selection decisions, and whether any identifiable shifts or trends exist. Methods This mixed-methods study sequentially used qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The study population was a convenience sample of osteopathic medical students, interns and residents, and practicing physicians from partner medical schools, associated hospitals, and a regional association of osteopathic physicians. In the first phase, interviews and focus group discussions were analyzed for codes, categories, and themes relating to factors that influence residency selection. In the second phase, a survey was created from the results of the first phase and administered to study participants. Results Of the 3450 potential participants, 282 completed the survey. Ninety-one of 209 participants (43.5%) indicated that the third year of medical school was the time they will or did decide what type of residency program to pursue. There were no significant differences in the mean scores between the respondent groups (ie, students, residents, and physicians) when ranking the importance of the 10 influential factors associated with residency selection decision-making (P>.05 for all). Conclusion The highest percentage of participants indicated the third year of medical school was the time that they made residency selection decisions regarding what specialty they were interested in entering. No shifts regarding the importance of specific primary care residency choice factors were found between training status of respondents.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kabil NS, Allam GG, Abd El-Geleel OM. Motivational reasons for choosing dentistry as a professional career & factors affecting specialty choice among final year dental students. FUTURE DENTAL JOURNAL 2018; 4:308-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fdj.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
14
|
Green IC, Ainsworth AJ, Riddle J, Finnie DM, Chou B. Choosing a women's health career. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:251. [PMID: 30400940 PMCID: PMC6220517 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2005, in response to a decline in residency applications in obstetrics and gynecology (OB GYN), the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology Presidential Task Force outlined strategies for attracting medical students to OB GYN. Application rates have increased since then, but little is known about which interventions are effective. We aimed to identify modifiable and nonmodifiable variables that may contribute to students choosing OB GYN for their careers; this information could be used to inform curriculum design, faculty development, and innovative exposures to women's health. METHODS This qualitative study received institutional review board approval. Eligible participants were students who applied or recently matched into OB GYN residency programs from the class of 2014-2016 at our institution. Students were interviewed with open-ended questions and a Likert-type survey. Thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS Ten qualitative interviews were completed and analyzed. Intrinsic themes such as the potential for a meaningful job in women's health, advocacy for women, or empowerment of women were identified as factors contributing to participant career choice. Extrinsic themes such as positive impressions during the clinical clerkship and welcoming teams were also identified. Most students indicated that the clerkship was the most influential experience. CONCLUSIONS Participants identified important events, including some that even preceded medical school that guided them toward OB GYN. The data guide us to consider the importance of emphasizing the unique combination of characteristics in OB GYN and improving the learning environment in the clerkship as a way to encourage student recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C. Green
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Alessandra J. Ainsworth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Julia Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Dawn M. Finnie
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Betty Chou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dotters-Katz S, Panzer A, Givens M, Smid M, Chuang A. Preclinical Labor-and-Delivery Shadowing: The Impact on Medical Students' Perceptions of Obstetrics and Gynecology. AJP Rep 2018; 8:e64-e67. [PMID: 29651359 PMCID: PMC5895465 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We sought to determine the impact of preclinical exposure (shadowing) to labor and delivery (L&D) on medical students' perceptions of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN). Study Design We administered a written survey to rising third-year medical students at a single center prior to any clerkship. We described motivation/deterrents for shadowing among students, and experiences/perceptions of those students who shadowed. Results In total, 119/136 (86%) students completed the survey. Of those, 29% participated in shadowing on L&D. Participating students were more likely to be female (79 vs. 21%; p < 0.01) and in their first year (85%). Ninety-one percent participated because they wanted more exposure to OB/GYN, whereas only 53% they were interested in OB/GYN. Students who did not shadow indicated not having enough time as the main reason. After participation, 82% had more perspective on OB/GYN than prior to shadowing. Ninety-seven percent felt that the experience was worthwhile; 62% stated based on their experience that they were likely to consider a career in OB/GYN. All students who participated stated that they would opt to shadow again if given the opportunity. Conclusion Students who have L&D shadowing exposure report very positive experiences and express desire for increased opportunities. OB/GYN departments may consider increasing availability of L&D shadowing opportunities for preclinical medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dotters-Katz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexis Panzer
- University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew Givens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Marcela Smid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alice Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Swaid AI, Elhilu AH, Mahfouz MS. Medical internship training in Saudi Arabia: interns' views and perceptions. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2017; 8:121-128. [PMID: 28203115 PMCID: PMC5293186 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internship training offers an important opportunity for personal development and career planning. However, there are many factors affecting the efficiency of training, and the views of interns are rarely considered. The main objective of this study was to explore the views of interns enrolled in Jazan University internship program during the year 2015. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the academic year 2015. To achieve the study goals, an online questionnaire was distributed to all interns (n=85) enrolled in the Jazan University internship program. RESULTS Results revealed that satisfaction with training was more evident in general surgery and pediatrics (76.1%, n=54 and 77.5%, n=55, respectively). Satisfaction was lowest for obstetrics and gynecology programs (45.1%, n=32), while in internal medicine it was 54.9% (n=39). Training in general surgery and pediatrics was rated as excellent by most of the interns (45.8% and 43.1%, respectively). The picture is reversed in obstetrics and gynecology, as 43.1% rated it as average. More than half of the study sample felt that they were well prepared to start the next step in their career at the end of internship (50.7%), while 25.4% felt that they were moderately prepared. CONCLUSION It is clear that training quality in views of interns is variable across the major specialties, and there are some problems in obstetrics and gynecology training. More studies are needed to explore in-depth dimensions of internship training program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali I Swaid
- Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelkhalig H Elhilu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mengistu BS, Vins H, Kelly CM, McGee DR, Spicer JO, Derbew M, Bekele A, Mariam DH, del Rio C, Blumberg HM, Comeau DL. Student and faculty perceptions on the rapid scale-up of medical students in Ethiopia. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 17:11. [PMID: 28086953 PMCID: PMC5237354 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-016-0849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia is a country of over 94 million people that has a severe physician shortage with approximately only 2.5 physicians per 100,000 persons. Recently, the Ethiopian government implemented a "flood and retain" initiative to rapidly increase the quantity of physicians in Ethiopia. Consequently, medical student enrollment at Addis Ababa University (AAU) School of Medicine increased from 100 to approximately 300-400 students per class. This study evaluated the impact of the rapid scale-up in the number of medical students on the quality of medical education at AAU and the impact of the U.S. government-funded Medical Education Partnership Initiative (MEPI) grant awarded to AAU to provide resources to strengthen the quality of medical education at AAU. METHODS Qualitative, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 key informants including faculty members, administrators and medical students at AAU. The audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and interview data were analyzed with thematic analysis. RESULTS Four key themes emerged from the data. Overall, participants perceived a decrease in the quality of medical education at AAU due to challenges created by the rapid scale-up in the number of medical students. Positive learning environments were described as difficult to achieve due to overcrowding in classrooms and the limited numbers of textbooks. Overall, participants stated that infrastructure improvement is needed to provide adequate medical student training. The medical education initiatives implemented and funded by MEPI have provided significant resources to support the medical student curriculum but additional resources are required to accommodate a large student body. CONCLUSIONS The unprecedented rapid scale-up of medical students has impacted multiple facets of medical education at AAU. It is important to consider the perspectives of students and faculty in order to focus future medical education policies, MEPI programming and the allocation of resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittney S. Mengistu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Rm 510, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Holly Vins
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Caitrin M Kelly
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1599 Clifton Rd, 6th fl, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Daphne R. McGee
- Emory University School of Law and Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jennifer O. Spicer
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1599 Clifton Rd, 6th fl, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Miliard Derbew
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Black Lion Hospital Campus, Second Floor, Office No 35, PO Box 5729, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Bekele
- School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Damen Haile Mariam
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Carlos del Rio
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health and, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Rd #7011, Claudia Nance Rollins Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Henry M. Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1599 Clifton Rd, 6th fl, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Dawn L. Comeau
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Rm 510, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hampton BS, Craig LB, Abbott JF, Buery-Joyner SD, Dalrymple JL, Forstein DA, Hopkins L, McKenzie ML, Page-Ramsey SM, Pradhan A, Wolf A, Graziano SC. To the point: teaching the obstetrics and gynecology medical student in the operating room. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:464-8. [PMID: 25857571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article, from the "To the Point" series that is prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, is a review of considerations for teaching the medical student in the operating room during the obstetrics/gynecology clerkship. The importance of the medical student operating room experience and barriers to learning in the operating room are discussed. Specific considerations for the improvement of medical student learning and operating room experience, which include the development of operating room objectives and specific curricula, an increasing awareness regarding role modeling, and faculty development, are reviewed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Minai F, Ul Haq MI, Afshan G. A survey of undergraduate anesthesia rotation in medical colleges of Pakistan. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2014; 30:82-5. [PMID: 24574599 PMCID: PMC3927299 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.125709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Student perceptions of specialties influence career choice decisions. It is important to expose undergraduates to the scope of rewarding careers in specialties like anesthesia by ensuring a good quality educational experience during anesthesia rotation. Our objective was to survey the curriculum structure and placement of the anesthesia undergraduate rotation in all the medical colleges of Pakistan recognized by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standardized survey questionnaire was distributed by direct contact, postal mail or e mail to one identified anesthetist in all recognized medical colleges with enrolment of 100 or more students. The response rate was 75%. We received responses by hand, email and postal mail. RESULTS We received responses from 15 out of 20 anesthetists contacted. 11 reported undergraduate anesthesia rotation while 4 reported absence of this rotation in their undergraduate curriculum. The rotation placement, duration and curriculum showed a wide variation and lack of standardization. CONCLUSION Our survey indicates that the inclusion of anesthesia rotation in undergraduate medical education is not mandatory and standardized. The rotation duration, placement and curriculum need to be standardized to enhance the quality of the experience and promote the scope of the specialty for rewarding careers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Minai
- Department of Anesthesia, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - M Irfan Ul Haq
- Department of Anesthesia, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Afshan
- Department of Anesthesia, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al-Fouzan R, Al-Ajlan S, Marwan Y, Al-Saleh M. Factors affecting future specialty choice among medical students in Kuwait. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2012; 17:19587. [PMID: 23272649 PMCID: PMC3529360 DOI: 10.3402/meo.v17i0.19587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choosing a medical specialty can be either a daunting and confusing experience for some medical students and junior doctors or a foregone conclusion to others. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors affecting future specialty choice among medical students in Kuwait University. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from medical students registered in Kuwait University during the academic year 2011/2012. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to test the association between deciding a future specialty and students' sociodemographic and academic factors. RESULTS Of the 422 students approached, 387 (91.7%) decided to participate. A total of 144 (37.2%) students made a decision regarding their choice of future medical specialty. Pediatrics, general surgery, and cardiology were the most desired specialties - 18 (12.5%), 17 (11.8%), and 16 (11.1%) students requested these specialties, respectively. Only 61 (42.4%) of those who selected a future specialty received advice regarding their choice. Looking for a good treatment outcome for patients (66; 45.8%) and a challenging specialty (58; 40.3%) were the most influencing incentives when selecting a future specialty. Students in the clinical phase of their study were 3.014 (95% CI: 1.498-6.065) more likely to report on their decision regarding a future specialty compared to students in the basic medical sciences phase (p=0.002). CONCLUSION A variety of factors appeared to inspire medical students in Kuwait to choose a future medical specialty. When identified, these factors can be used by mentors of medical students and directors of residency training programs to motivate students to choose specialties that are limited in Kuwait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yousef Marwan
- Yousef Marwan, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya, Kuwait, Tel: +00965–94060660.
| | | |
Collapse
|