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Khatun MS, Mia N, Al Bashera M, Murad MA, Zahan R, Parvin S, Akhtar MA. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential and GC-MS profiling of leaf extracts from Clerodendrum infortunatum L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117366. [PMID: 37944873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clerodendrum infortunatum L. is commonly distributed in tropical and subtropical countries and is widely used in the indigenous systems of medicine including Ayurveda, Unani, and Homeopathy. The plant has important uses in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders which includes asthma, cough, chest complaints, pain, rheumatism, osteoarthritis, gastric ulcer, cancer, diabetes, skin diseases etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: Regarding the extensive healing properties of C. infortunatum in folk medicine, we aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant and analyze its bioactive components. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sequential extracts were prepared from C. infortunatum leaves using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and water. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of these extracts were evaluated using membrane stabilization and protein anti-denaturation assays. Toxicity of the extracts was tested using brine shrimp lethality assay. GC-MS analysis has been carried out to analyze and characterize various bioactive constituents present in the plant. RESULTS Each of the tested extracts showed significant (p < 0.05) in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Sequential ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the strongest membrane stabilization and protein anti-denaturation activities with IC50 values of 331.3, 308.3 and 279.2 μg/mL for heat and hypotonicity induced membrane stabilization and protein anti-denaturation assays, respectively. Sequential methanol extract also exhibited strong activity in heat and hypotonicity induced membrane stabilization and protein anti-denaturation assays with IC50 values of 371.5, 331.6 and 284.6 μg/mL, respectively. The extracts demonstrated a range of toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality assay with LC50 values of 51.4, 59.7, 47.3, 37.1, 68.1 and 77.3 μg/mL for n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and water extracts respectively. The GC-MS analysis of direct n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts detected 32 different compounds. The major compounds (> 5%) were phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, estragole, methyl stearate, lanosterol, 9-methoxybicyclo[6.1.0]nona-2,4,6-triene, benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) 4 hydroxy methyl ester, 22,23-dibromostigmasterol acetate, 3-methyl-4-(phenylthio)-2-prop-2-enyl-2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide, benzenemethanol, α-methyl-α-propyl- and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)- methyl ester. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study revealed that C. infortunatum is rich with diverse bioactive phytoconstituents and the scientific evidences support the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Suraiya Khatun
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajganj, Bangladesh
| | - Nuhu Mia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh; Research & Development Formulation Department, Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahci Al Bashera
- BCSIR Rajshahi Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Murshadul Alam Murad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ronok Zahan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shumaia Parvin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Most Afia Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Anish RJ, Nair A, Saraswathy V, Kalpana VNS, Shyma RL. In silico, anti-inflammatory and acute toxicological evaluation of an indigenous medicinal plant Pterospermum rubiginosum using Sprague-Dawley rats. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:2. [PMID: 38326913 PMCID: PMC10848399 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pterospermum rubiginosum has been traditionally used by the tribal inhabitants of Southern India for treating bone fractures and as a local anti-inflammatory agent; however, experimental evidence to support this traditional usage is lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical characterization, in silico and in vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation, followed by in vivo toxicological screening of P. rubiginosum methanolic bark extract (PRME). RESULTS The LCMS evaluation revealed the presence of 80 significant peaks; nearly 50 molecules were identified using the LCMS database. In silico analysis showed notable interactions with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In vitro gene expression study supported the docking results with significant down-regulation of iNOS, IL-6, and IL-10. PRME was administered orally to the SD rats and was found to be non-toxic up to 1000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. The antioxidant enzymes catalase and sodium dismutase exhibited an increased value in PRME-administered groups, possibly due to the diverse phytochemical combinations in bark extract. CONCLUSIONS PRME administration significantly downregulated the gene expression of inflammatory markers, such as iNOS, IL-6, and IL-10. The molecular docking analysis of iNOS and IL-6 supports the in vitro study. In vivo toxicological study of PRME in SD rats was found to be non-toxic up to a concentration of 1000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamohanan Jalaja Anish
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India.
| | - Aswathy Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
- Kerala State Palmyrah Products Development and Workers' Welfare Corporation Limited, Trivandrum, India
| | - V Saraswathy
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Velappan Nair S Kalpana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Rajendran L Shyma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
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Freires IA, Morelo DFC, Soares LFF, Costa IS, de Araújo LP, Breseghello I, Abdalla HB, Lazarini JG, Rosalen PL, Pigossi SC, Franchin M. Progress and promise of alternative animal and non-animal methods in biomedical research. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2329-2342. [PMID: 37394624 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture and invertebrate animal models reflect a significant evolution in scientific research by providing reliable evidence on the physiopathology of diseases, screening for new drugs, and toxicological tests while reducing the need for mammals. In this review, we discuss the progress and promise of alternative animal and non-animal methods in biomedical research, with a special focus on drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irlan Almeida Freires
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - David Fernando Colon Morelo
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Henrique Ballassini Abdalla
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Franchin
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
- Bioactivity and Applications Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Fatima M, Khan MR. Jasminum humile (Linn) ameliorates CCl 4-induced oxidative stress by regulating ER stress, inflammatory, and fibrosis markers in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1405-1421. [PMID: 37103691 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Jasminum humile (Linn) is highly valued for its medicinal properties. The pulp and decoction made from its leaves are effective for skin diseases. Juice prepared from roots is used against ringworm illness. Our current study aims to illustrate the non-toxicity and protective potential of methanol extract of Jasminum humile (JHM) against CCl4-induced oxidative stress in the liver of rats. Qualitative phytochemical screening, total flavonoids (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) assays were performed with JHM. The toxicity of the plant was estimated by treating female rats at different JHM doses while to assess anti-inflammatory potential of plant nine groups of male rats (six rats/group) received different treatments such as: CCl4 only (1 ml/kg mixed with olive oil in a ratio of 3:7), silymarin (200 mg/kg) + CCl4, different doses of JHM alone at a ratio of 1:2:4, and JHM (at a ratio of 1:2:4) + CCl4, and were examined for different antioxidant enzymes, serum markers, and histological changes, while mRNA expression of stress, inflammatory and fibrosis markers were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Different phytochemicals were found in JHM. A high amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content was found (89.71 ± 2.79 mg RE/g and 124.77 ± 2.41 mg GAE/g) in the methanolic extract of the plant. Non-toxicity of JHM was revealed even at higher doses of JHM. Normal levels of serum markers in blood serum and antioxidant enzymes in tissue homogenates were found after co-administration of JHM along with CCl4. However, CCl4 treatment caused oxidative stress in the liver by enhancing the levels of stress and inflammatory markers and reducing antioxidant enzyme levels, while JHM treatment showed significant (P < 0.05) downregulation was in mRNA expression of those markers. Investigation of mechanism of specific signaling pathways related to apoptosis and clinical trials to assess safety and efficacy of optimal dosage of Jasminum humile will be helpful to develop FDA-approved drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mekkaoui M, Bouidida EH, Naceiri Mrabti H, Ouaamr A, Lee LH, Bouyahya A, Cherrah Y, Alaoui K. Investigation of Chemical Compounds and Evaluation of Toxicity, Antibacterial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Three Selected Essential Oils and Their Mixtures with Moroccan Thyme Honey. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193141. [PMID: 36230218 PMCID: PMC9564067 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, honey has been used to treat various diseases. The present work examined and assessed the in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of Moroccan thyme honey and its association with essential oils from three selected plants: Origanum vulgare L.; Mentha spicata L.; Eucalyptus globulus L. The chemical composition of the essential oils was studied, and preliminary toxicity, in vitro anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial tests were conducted. Then the anti-inflammatory effect was determined by applying carrageenan and an experimental trauma-induced paw edema test in rats. The essential oils were rich in phytochemicals and showed significant antibacterial activity against four selected ATCC bacterial strains. The results revealed the significant anti-inflammatory potential of honey and mixtures with essential oils and indicated higher efficiency of mixtures compared to honey alone. It can be concluded that the mixtures of honey and essential oils have advantageous anti-inflammatory effects and may be used for treating different types of inflammation in humans after certain clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Mekkaoui
- Pharmacodynamics Research Team ERP, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 554, Morocco
| | | | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 554, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Ouaamr
- Pharmacodynamics Research Team ERP, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 554, Morocco
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, ISPITS, Tiznit 85000, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (L.-H.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat 554, Morocco
- Correspondence: (L.-H.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Yahya Cherrah
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 554, Morocco
| | - Katim Alaoui
- Pharmacodynamics Research Team ERP, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 554, Morocco
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Sankarapandian V, Nitharsan K, Parangusadoss K, Gangadaran P, Ramani P, Venmathi Maran BA, Jogalekar MP. Prebiotic Potential and Value-Added Products Derived from Spirulina laxissima SV001—A Step towards Healthy Living. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11020013. [PMID: 35822786 PMCID: PMC9264395 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, microalgae-based value-added products have been gaining market value because they moderate the dependency on fossil fuel and high-value chemical products. To this end, the purpose of this study was to develop prebiotic products from the microalgae Spirulina sp. The microalgae were isolated from the fresh water and characterized at the molecular level. The dry biomass, chlorophyll content, phycocyanin, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the isolated strains were analyzed. Moreover, value-added products like Spirulina cake, chocolate, tea, vermicelli and Spirulina juice were made for a vulnerable population due to high nutritive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sankarapandian
- Department of Microbiology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620005, India; (V.S.); (K.N.); (K.P.)
| | - Kirubakaran Nitharsan
- Department of Microbiology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620005, India; (V.S.); (K.N.); (K.P.)
| | - Kavitha Parangusadoss
- Department of Microbiology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620005, India; (V.S.); (K.N.); (K.P.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India;
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (B.A.V.M.); or (M.P.J.)
| | - Manasi P. Jogalekar
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Correspondence: (B.A.V.M.); or (M.P.J.)
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Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Mentha spicata. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7990508. [PMID: 35463088 PMCID: PMC9019422 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7990508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mentha spicata, also called Mentha viridis, is a medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family characterized by its potency to synthesize and secret secondary metabolites, essentially essential oils. Different populations use the aerial parts of this plant for tea preparation, and this tisane has shown several effects, according to ethnopharmacological surveys carried out in different areas around the world. These effects are attributed to different compounds of M. spicata, in which their biological effects were recently proved experimentally. Pharmacological properties of M. spicata extracts and essential oils were investigated for different health benefits such as antioxidant, anticancer, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic effects. In vitro and in vivo studies showed positives effects that could be certainly related to different bioactive compounds identified in M. spicata. Indeed, volatile compounds seem to be efficient in inhibiting different microbial agents such as bacteria, fungi, and parasites through several mechanisms. Moreover, M. spicata exhibited, according to some studies, promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects, which show its potential to be used as a source for identifying natural drugs against cellular oxidative stress and its related diseases. Importantly, toxicological investigations of M. spicata show the safety of this species at different doses and several periods of use which justify its use in traditional medicines as tisane with tea. Here, we report, explore, and highlight the data published on M. spicata concerning its botanical description and geographical distribution, its phytochemical compounds, its pharmacological properties, and its toxicological investigations of M. spicata.
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A Systematic Review of Medicinal Plants of Kenya used in the Management of Bacterial Infections. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9089360. [PMID: 35368751 PMCID: PMC8970882 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9089360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kenya’s vision 2030 partly aims at ensuring adequate health care for all, and the integration of traditional healthcare practices into the national healthcare system would present a more rapid alternative towards the realization of universal health coverage in Kenya. Currently, research on Kenyan medicinal plants with potential antibacterial activity remains vastly fragmented across numerous literature studies and databases; thus, it is imperative to collate and appraise these data for the ease of future research and possible clinical application. Objective. This review aims at exploring and compiling research evidence on medicinal plants used in the management of bacterial infections in Kenya, with a focus on their efficacy and safety. Methodology. A comprehensive web-based systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was executed to highlight the Kenyan medicinal plants used for the management of bacterial infections in Kenya. This review includes studies published until January 2021 from the PubMed, Science Direct, AJOL, and Google Scholar databases. Results. A total of 105 Kenyan medicinal plants belonging to 43 families have their in vitro activity against various human pathogenic bacteria evaluated. Plants from the Lamiaceae, Rutaceae, and Fabaceae families were the most commonly studied. Aloe secundiflora, Toddalia asiatica, Senna didymobotrya, Warbugia ugandensis, Tithonia diversifolia, Fuerstia africana, Olea africana, and Harrisonia abyssinica were the plants frequently evaluated within Kenya. The plants with the strongest antimicrobial activities were Toddalia asiatica, Hagenia abyssinica, Ocimum gratissimum, Harrisonia abyssinica, Senna didymobotrya, Olea Africana, Camellia sinensis, and Tarmarindus indica. Conclusion. Based on a published work, it is evident that traditional medicine is seemingly an acceptable and efficient system among Kenyan communities in the management of bacterial infections. Kenya’s rich biodiversity with diverse secondary metabolites presents a promising source of new therapeutic alternatives with possibly different mechanisms of action against bacteria.
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Li Z, Li X, Fan G. Bioactive properties of the aromatic molecules of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) essential oil: a review. Food Funct 2022; 13:3110-3132. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spearmint belongs to the genus Mentha in the family Labiateae (Lamiaceae), which is wildly cultivated worldwide for its remarkable aroma and commercial value. The aromatic molecules of spearmint essential oil,...
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Ouedrhiri W, Mechchate H, Moja S, Mothana RA, Noman OM, Grafov A, Greche H. Boosted Antioxidant Effect Using a Combinatory Approach with Essential Oils from Origanum compactum, Origanum majorana, Thymus serpyllum, Mentha spicata, Myrtus communis, and Artemisia herba-alba: Mixture Design Optimization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122817. [PMID: 34961288 PMCID: PMC8704227 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the possible synergistic effect as an effective strategy to boost the bioactivity of essential oils. Using this framework, this study was conducted to effectively establish the ideal combination of six essential oils from different plants (Origanum compactum, Origanum majorana, Thymus serpyllum, Mentha spicata, Myrtus communis, and Artemisia herba-alba) that would express the best antioxidant activity. Each mixture was optimized using a mixture design approach to generate the most effective blend. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method was used as a reference method to assess the antioxidant activity. Each essential oil's composition was identified using the GC/MS method. The single essential oil activities demonstrated variable antioxidant effects, and following the mixture design approach, the optimal antioxidant blend was revealed, as two mixtures demonstrated the best antiradical activity with 79.46% obtained with the mixture of O. majorana (28%) and M. spicata (71%) and 78.8% obtained with the mixture O. compactum (64%), O. majorana (13%), and T. serpyllum (21%). This study proposes a practical way to elaborate mixtures in the search for a boosting effect that can be oriented for the food or pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessal Ouedrhiri
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: (W.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: (W.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Sandrine Moja
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, BVpam, FRE3727, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Hassane Greche
- National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Taounate BP 159, Morocco;
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Vivekanandhan P, Swathy K, Thomas A, Kweka EJ, Rahman A, Pittarate S, Krutmuang P. Insecticidal Efficacy of Microbial-Mediated Synthesized Copper Nano-Pesticide against Insect Pests and Non-Target Organisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910536. [PMID: 34639837 PMCID: PMC8508597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, medical and stored grain pests are major concerns of public health and economies worldwide. The synthetic pesticides cause several side effects to human and non-target organisms. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized from an aqueous extract of Metarhizium robertsii and screened for insecticidal activity against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Tenebrio molitor and other non-target organisms such as Artemia salina, Artemia nauplii, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eudrilus andrei. The synthesized copper nano-particles were characterized using, UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDaX), High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HR-SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) analysis. Insects were exposed to 25 μg/mL concentration produced significant mortality against larvae of A. stephensi, A. aegypti, C. quinquefasciatus and T. molitor. The lower toxicity was observed on non-target organisms. Results showed that, M. robertsii mediated synthesized CuNPs is highly toxic to targeted pests while they had lower toxicity were observed on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Vivekanandhan
- Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions, Grambharti, Amarapur, Gandhinagar 382650, Gujarat, India;
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (P.K.)
| | - Kannan Swathy
- Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions, Grambharti, Amarapur, Gandhinagar 382650, Gujarat, India;
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adelina Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Eliningaya J. Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Arusha P.O. Box 3024, Tanzania;
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania
| | - Afroja Rahman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Sarayut Pittarate
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.R.); (S.P.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (P.K.)
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Mahendran G, Verma SK, Rahman LU. The traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.): A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114266. [PMID: 34087400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae), commonly called Spearmint, is wildly cultivated worldwide for its remarkable aroma and commercial value. In addition to traditional foods flavouring agent, M. spicata is well known for its traditional medicinal uses, particularly for the treatment of cold, cough, asthma, fever, obesity, jaundice and digestive problems. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to critically appraise scientific literature regarding the traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of M. spicata. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature information on M. spicata was searched from scientific electronic search databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, ACS, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, Wiley, Springer and SCOPUS. Structures for secondary metabolites were confirmed using PubChem and ChemSpider. RESULTS The studies conducted on either crude extracts, essential oil or isolated pure compounds from M. spicata had reported a varied range of biological effects including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal activity, antigenotoxic potential and antiandrogenic activities. Phytochemical analysis of various parts of M. spicata revealed 35 chemical constituents, belonging to phenolic acids, flavonoids and lignans. CONCLUSION The review finding indicates that the pharmacological properties of M. spicata supported its traditional uses. The essential oils and extracts showed remarkable antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. However, more studies, especially in vivo experiments and clinical trials of the human to evaluate cellular and molecular mechanisms based pharmacological, bioactive effectiveness and safety investigation, should be undertaken in the future to provide stronger scientific proof for their traditional medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Mahendran
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sanjeet Kumar Verma
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Laiq-Ur Rahman
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India.
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Chan W, Shaughnessy AEP, van den Berg CP, Garson MJ, Cheney KL. The Validity of Brine Shrimp (Artemia Sp.) Toxicity Assays to Assess the Ecological Function of Marine Natural Products. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:834-846. [PMID: 33713252 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms employ toxic compounds for protection against predators. To understand the effectiveness of such compounds, chemoecological studies often use brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) as a model organism instead of more ecologically relevant species. This is mostly because brine shrimp assays are simple and quick, but also due to the ethical implications associated with inducing harm to vertebrate predators in toxicity assays. In this study, we examined whether brine shrimp assays produce similar results to ichthyological toxicity assays with the aim of validating the use of brine shrimp as a preliminary screening tool. We extracted compounds from eight nudibranch molluscs including six species that we consider to signal their chemical defenses via warning coloration to visually hunting vertebrate predators. We tested the relative toxicity of these compounds against brine shrimp and a vertebrate potential predator, the blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis). We found that extracts toxic to brine shrimp were also toxic to damselfish; however, extracts non-toxic to brine shrimp may still be toxic to damselfish. We also produced and tested mantle vs whole-body extracts for some nudibranch species, which exhibited similar toxicities in both assays except for the whole-body extract of Goniobranchus splendidus which was harmless to shrimp but toxic to fish, while the mantle extract was toxic to both. Overall, we argue that the brine shrimp assay can reasonably indicate the potential toxicity of a compound to fish, but additional experiments with more ecologically relevant predators are required if a no dose-response is observed against brine shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Chan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | | | - Cedric P van den Berg
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Daoudi NE, Bouhrim M, Ouassou H, Bnouham M. Medicinal Plants as a Drug Alternative Source for the Antigout Therapy in Morocco. SCIENTIFICA 2020; 2020:8637583. [PMID: 33299636 PMCID: PMC7704184 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8637583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gout is a metabolic disease that is associated with a high level of uric acid in the blood. This disease is treated with some medications that aim to reduce serum urate levels. However, the use of various medicines leads to the appearance of some side effects, hence the importance of using other treatments based on natural resources. OBJECTIVE This study presents some medical treatments, their side effects, and some plants that are used for gout management in Morocco in the aim to valorize them. METHODS We have been consulting various English publications in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect published between 1991 and 2019 using the following keywords "drugs," "gout," "Morocco," "medicinal plants," "in vitro," and "in vivo" terms. Then, we have classified the medicines, according to their action mechanisms, and we have cited some species that were reported in Moroccan pharmacopeia as antigout. RESULTS Three methods of the gout medical management were cited in this work: xanthine oxidase inhibitors, uric acid excretion enhancer, and uricase recombinant. However, it was found that these treatments had various side effects. We have described 23 species, and some of them showed experimentally an antigout effect by blocking the "xanthine oxidase" enzyme. These plants belong to 11 families. Lamiaceae represents the most dominant family with six species followed by Asteraceae with two species. Colchicine isolated from Colchicum autumnale is the most known compound for its efficiency towards gout. CONCLUSION This work summarized different treatments particularly medicinal plants that are used in Morocco to treat gout disease by blocking uric acid secretion. However, several studies are needed to valorize these antigout natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources Biotechnology Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Bioresources Biotechnology Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Hayat Ouassou
- Laboratory of Bioresources Biotechnology Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources Biotechnology Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, Oujda, Morocco
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Mongalo N, Mashele S, Makhafola T. Ziziphus mucronata Willd. (Rhamnaceae): it's botany, toxicity, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03708. [PMID: 32322712 PMCID: PMC7170964 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus mucronata is an important multi-purpose plant species that has been used in African traditional medicine for ages in the treatment of various devastating human and animal infections. The current paper is aimed at providing an overview of uses, toxicology, pharmacological properties and phytochemistry of Z. mucronata. The information used in the current work was retrieved using various search engines, including Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scielo, SciFinder and Scopus. The key words used included Ziziphus mucronata, secondary metabolites, chemistry, biological activity and pharmacology, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, ethnobotanical survey, medicinal uses, safety, toxicology and other related words. Out of the 46 infections which the plant species is used to treat, the most common uses includes sexually transmitted infections, skin infections, diarrhoea and dysentery, respiratory and chest complaints and gynaecological complaints (citations ≥6). Pharmacologically, the plant species exhibited a potential antimicrobial activity yielding a minimum inhibitory concentration of <1 mg/ml against important pathogens which includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, Candida albicans, Cryptoccoos neoformans amongst other microorganisms. Furthermore, the extracts and compounds from Z mucronata revealed potent antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other activities in vitro. Phytochemically, cyclo-peptide alkaloids (commonly called mucronines) dominates and in conjunction with triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins. Besides these compounds, the plant species exhibited the presence of important in minerals. These phytoconstituents may well explain the reported biological activities. Although the extracts revealed no cytotoxic effect to Vero cells, further toxicological characteristics of the plant species still needs to be explored. There is also a need to carry out the comprehensive safety profiles of the plant species, including heavy metal detection. Although the plant species revealed important biological activities, which includes antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-plasmodial, anthelmintic, and anti-anaemic activity in vitro, further research is needed to explore the in vivo studies, other compounds responsible for such activities and the mechanisms of action thereof. Such activities validates the use of the plant species in traditional medicine. The data on the possible use of the plant species in the treatment of diarrhoea, sexually transmitted infections, skin related and gynaecological complaints are scant and still needs to be explored and validated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the anticancer and anthelmintic activity of the plant species also needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Mongalo
- University of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, Private Bag X06, Florida, 0610, South Africa
| | - S.S. Mashele
- Central University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - T.J. Makhafola
- Central University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicities of Psidium guajava Methanolic Bark Extract: A Botanical with In Vitro Antiproliferative Potential. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8306986. [PMID: 31885665 PMCID: PMC6927054 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8306986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The methanol crude extract of the bark of Psidium guajava (guava) previously displayed interesting cytotoxic effects on a panel of human cancer cell lines. In the present work, we plan to determine the toxicological effects of this guava botanical in Wistar rats. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was carried out by administration of a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight to female rats in 14 days. Subacute toxicity was conducted by oral administration of the extract at daily doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, while rats in the control group received no extract. After 28 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed for hematological and biochemical studies. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or signs of toxicity were recorded; hence, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the Psidium guajava bark extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. For the subacute toxicity study, significant variations in body weight, relative weight of organs, and biochemical parameters were observed in the animals treated at different doses of the plant extract compared to control animals. Histopathological analyses showed minor liver inflammation in females treated at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg). These results suggest that intake of a single high dose of the Psidium guajava bark extract is nontoxic, but repeat administration could exhibit mild organ toxicity.
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Marrez DA, Abdelhamid AE, Darwesh OM. Eco-friendly cellulose acetate green synthesized silver nano-composite as antibacterial packaging system for food safety. Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Alcantar TM, Rairdan XY. Microinjection and Oviduct Transfer Procedures for Rat Model Generation with CRISPR-Cas9 Technology. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1874:273-294. [PMID: 30353520 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8831-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the first knockout rat model was generated with zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) by Geurt's group in 2009, the demand for making targeted rat models has increased tremendously. The advent of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system provides researchers with a more efficient method for producing modified animals, which has since then been developed and applied in rat. Since we established a rat model production system at our facility in 2014, we have consistently generated rat models. Due to differences in physiology and embryology between mouse and rat, species-specific protocols for superovulation conditions, microinjection, and embryo transfer (among others) are required. There are over 100 rat strains, and Sprague Dawley is one of the commonly used outbred strains in biomedical research. In this chapter, we describe in detail a range of topics including donor and recipient preparation, microinjection setup, CRISPR reagent preparation, and oviduct transfer procedures for making rat models in the Sprague Dawley background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuija M Alcantar
- Embryo Technology Group, gRED Animal Resources, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xin Y Rairdan
- Embryo Technology Group, gRED Animal Resources, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Syntheses, Characterization, Resolution, and Biological Studies of Coordination Compounds of Aspartic Acid and Glycine. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2017; 2017:2956145. [PMID: 28293149 PMCID: PMC5331420 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2956145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiomerically enriched coordination compounds of aspartic acid and racemic mixtures of coordination compounds of glycine metal-ligand ratio 1 : 3 were synthesized and characterized using infrared and UV-Vis spectrophotometric techniques and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Five of the complexes were resolved using (+)-cis-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride, (+)-bis(glycinato)(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(III) chloride, and (+)-tris(1,10-phenanthroline)nickel(II) chloride as resolving agents. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of these complexes were then determined. The results obtained indicated that aspartic acid and glycine coordinated in a bidentate fashion. The enantiomeric purity of the compounds was in the range of 22.10–32.10%, with (+)-cis-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) complex as the more efficient resolving agent. The resolved complexes exhibited better activity in some cases compared to the parent complexes for both biological activities. It was therefore inferred that although the increase in the lipophilicity of the complexes may assist in the permeability of the complexes through the cell membrane of the pathogens, the enantiomeric purity of the complexes is also of importance in their activity as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents.
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de Oliveira AM, Mesquita MDS, da Silva GC, de Oliveira Lima E, de Medeiros PL, Paiva PMG, de Souza IA, Napoleão TH. Evaluation of Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of an Ethanolic Extract from Leaves of Morus alba L. (Moraceae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:513978. [PMID: 26246840 PMCID: PMC4515285 DOI: 10.1155/2015/513978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated an ethanolic extract from Morus alba leaves for toxicity to Artemia salina, oral toxicity to mice, and antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenes in the extract, which did not show toxicity to A. salina nauplii. No mortality and behavioral alterations were detected for mice treated with the extract (300 and 2000 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days. However, animals that received the highest dose showed reduced MCV and MCHC as well as increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. In treatments with the extract at both 300 and 2000 mg/kg, there was a reduction in number of leukocytes, with decrease in percentage of lymphocytes and increase in proportion of segmented cells. Histopathological analysis of organs from mice treated with the extract at 2000 mg/kg revealed turgidity of contorted tubules in kidneys, presence of leukocyte infiltration around the liver centrilobular vein, and high dispersion of the spleen white pulp. The extract showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus flavus. In conclusion, the extract contains antimicrobial agents and was not lethal for mice when ingested; however, its use requires caution because it promoted biochemical, hematological, and histopathological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Cancerologia Experimental, Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Matheus da Silva Mesquita
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Cancerologia Experimental, Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cavalcante da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Cancerologia Experimental, Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Paloma Lys de Medeiros
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ivone Antônia de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Cancerologia Experimental, Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
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R. Hamidi M, Jovanova B, Kadifkova Panovska T. Toxicological evaluation of the plant products using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina L.) model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2014.60.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products could serve as the starting point in the development of modern medicines because of their numerous biological and pharmacological activities. However, some of them are known to carry toxicological properties as well. In order to achieve a safe treatment with plant products, numerous research studies have recently been focused on both pharmacology and toxicity of medicinal plants. Moreover, these studies employed efforts for alternative biological assays. Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay is the most convenient system for monitoring biological activities of various plant species. This method is very useful for preliminary assessment of toxicity of the plant extracts. Rapidness, simplicity and low requirements are several advantages of this assay. However, several conditions need to be completed, especially in the means of standardized experimental conditions (temperature, pH of the medium, salinity, aeration and light). The toxicity of herbal extracts using this assay has been determined in a concentration range of 10, 100 and 1000 µg/ml of the examined herbal extract. Most toxicity studies which use the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay determine the toxicity after 24 hours of exposure to the tested sample. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the test samples is obtained by a plot of percentage of the dead shrimps against the logarithm of the sample concentration. LC50 values are estimated using a probit regression analysis and compared with either Meyer’s or Clarkson’s toxicity criteria. Furthermore, the positive correlation between Meyer’s toxicity scale for Artemia salina and Gosselin, Smith and Hodge’s toxicity scale for higher animal models confirmed that the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay is an excellent predictive tool for the toxic potential of plant extracts in humans.
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