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Saad EA, Hassan HA, Ghoneum MH, Alaa El-Dein M. Edible wild plants, chicory and purslane, alleviated diabetic testicular dysfunction, and insulin resistance via suppression 8OHdg and oxidative stress in rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301454. [PMID: 38603728 PMCID: PMC11008903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular dysfunction is a prevalent health problem frequently reported in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Oxidative-inflammatory reactions, hormonal and spermatic abnormalities often accompany this illness. Herbal remedies "particularly wild plants" including chicory (Chicorium Intybus) and purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) are emerging as popular agents for people dealing with these issues due to their ability to act as antioxidants, reduce inflammation, and exhibit antidiabetic effects. According to the collected data, the daily administration of chicory (Ch) seed-extract (250 mg/kg) or purslane (Pu) seed-extract (200 mg/kg) to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (50 mg/kg) for 30 days resulted in the normalization of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum fructosamine, insulin levels, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), as well as reducing lipid peroxidation end-product malondialdehyde (MDA) level, aldehyde oxidase (AO) and xanthene oxidase (XO) activities. While caused a considerable improvement in glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) when compared to diabetic rats. Ch and Pu extracts had a substantial impact on testicular parameters including sperm characterization, testosterone level, vimentin expression along with improvements in body and testis weight. They also mitigated hyperlipidemia by reducing total lipids (TL), total cholesterol (TC) levels, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Furthermore, oral administration of either Ch or Pu notably attuned the elevated proinflammatory cytokines as tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) together with reducing apoptosis and DNA damage. This was achieved through the suppression of DNA-fragmentation marker 8OHdG, triggering of caspase-3 immuno-expression, and elevation of Bcl-2 protein. The histological studies provided evidence supporting the preventive effects of Ch and Pu against DM-induced testicular dysfunction. In conclusion, Ch and Pu seed-extracts mitigate testicular impairment during DM due to their antihyperglycemic, antilipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas A. Saad
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A. Hassan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mamdooh H. Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Mai Alaa El-Dein
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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2
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Nasir A, Afridi OK, Ullah S, Khan H, Bai Q. Mitigation of sciatica injury-induced neuropathic pain through active metabolites derived from medicinal plants. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107076. [PMID: 38237646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Sciatica characterized by irritation, inflammation, and compression of the lower back nerve, is considered one of the most common back ailments globally. Currently, the therapeutic regimens for sciatica are experiencing a paradigm shift from the conventional pharmacological approach toward exploring potent phytochemicals from medicinal plants. There is a dire need to identify novel phytochemicals with anti-neuropathic potential. This review aimed to identify the potent phytochemicals from diverse medicinal plants capable of alleviating neuropathic pain associated with sciatica. This review describes the pathophysiology of sciatic nerve pain, its cellular mechanisms, and the pharmacological potential of various plants and phytochemicals using animal-based models of sciatic nerve injury-induced pain. Extensive searches across databases such as Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were conducted. The findings highlights 39 families including Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Apocyanaceae and Cucurbitaceae, effectively treating sciatic nerve injury-induced pain. Flavonoids made up 53% constituents, phenols and terpenoids made up 15%, alkaloids made up 13%, and glycosides made up 6% to be used in neuorpathic pain. Phytochemicals derived from various medicinal plants can serve as potential therapeutic targets for both acute and chronic sciatic injury-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Nasir
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Horvat A, Vlašić I, Štefulj J, Oršolić N, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Flavonols as a Potential Pharmacological Intervention for Alleviating Cognitive Decline in Diabetes: Evidence from Preclinical Studies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2291. [PMID: 38137892 PMCID: PMC10744738 DOI: 10.3390/life13122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease associated with reduced synaptic plasticity, atrophy of the hippocampus, and cognitive decline. Cognitive impairment results from several pathological mechanisms, including increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors, prolonged oxidative stress and impaired activity of endogenous mechanisms of antioxidant defense, neuroinflammation driven by the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and disturbance of signaling pathways involved in neuronal survival and cognitive functioning. There is increasing evidence that dietary interventions can reduce the risk of various diabetic complications. In this context, flavonols, a highly abundant class of flavonoids in the human diet, are appreciated as a potential pharmacological intervention against cognitive decline in diabetes. In preclinical studies, flavonols have shown neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and memory-enhancing properties based on their ability to regulate glucose levels, attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation, promote the expression of neurotrophic factors, and regulate signaling pathways. The present review gives an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunctions and the results of preclinical studies showing that flavonols have the ability to alleviate cognitive impairment. Although the results from animal studies are promising, clinical and epidemiological studies are still needed to advance our knowledge on the potential of flavonols to improve cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Horvat
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ignacija Vlašić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Štefulj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Yin Y, Xu R, Ning L, Yu Z. Bergenin alleviates Diabetic Retinopathy in STZ-induced rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5299-5311. [PMID: 35622274 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the key cause of blindness and visual impairment in diabetes patients around the world. The high levels of oxidative stress in diabetes patients cause diabetic retinopathy. In addition to being an antioxidant, Bergenin also works as an immunosuppressant, an anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic against hepatocarcinoma. This study examined the effects of Bergenin on diabetic retinopathy rats, using Streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally to induce diabetes in rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 6), including a normal control (Group I), diabetic control (Group II), Bergenin (25 mg/kg) (Group III), and metformin (350 mg/kg) (Group IV). As previously mentioned, each animal received treatment for 60 days. To induce DR, rats were administered STZ (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 60 days. Standard methods were utilized to measure the body weight of rats, blood glucose levels. We measured lipid profiles (Triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL), inflammatory markers, and antioxidant levels with their respective kits. Analysis of retinal tissue morphometry and MMP-9, VEGF, and MCP-1 levels in serum was performed. Our research examined the expression levels of target genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) using RT-PCR analysis. STZ-induced animals that were treated with Bergenin had less food intake, lower blood glucose, and improved body weight. Bergenin significantly suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cholesterol, TG, LDL, AI, MMP-9, VEGF, and MCP-1 and increased the level of HDL and antioxidant enzymes in STZ-induced DR rats. As well as increasing antioxidant levels, reducing retinal thickness, and increasing cell numbers, Bergenin also lessened DR remarkably. The results of this study demonstrated that Bergenin effectively inhibited STZ-induced DR in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yin
- Department of Medical insurance, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Shandong Province, Jinan City, 250013, China
| | - Ruyi Xu
- Department of Medical insurance, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Shandong Province, Jinan City, 250013, China
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Shandong Province, Jinan City, 250013, China
| | - Zhimin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Shandong Province, Jinan City, 250013, China.
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Pathak R, Sachan N, Kabra A, Alanazi AS, Alanazi MM, Alsaif NA, Chandra P. Isolation, characterization, development and evaluation of phytoconstituent based formulation for diabetic neuropathy. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101687. [PMID: 37448840 PMCID: PMC10336832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Morus alba Linn, referred to as white mulberry, is a potential traditional medicine for diabetes and neuroprotection. Aim Isolation, characterization, development and evaluation of phytoconstituent based formulation for diabetic neuropathy. Material and methods The stem Bark of M. alba was peeled and subjected to extraction. A phytoconstituent was then isolated by column chromatography and characterized using Mass spectroscopy, FTIR, and NMR. The isolated phytoconstituent was used to formulate a nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion was also characterized for viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, pH, and particle size. Selected nanoemulsion formulations were then tested for acute oral toxicity and diabetic neuropathy, including behavioral, hematological, histopathological, and biomarker examinations. Results The spectral analysis affirmed that the isolated compound was found to be chrysin. A nanoemulsion formulation was made using the chrysin and was characterized and found to be stable during the stability testing and fulfilled all other testing parameters. Then acute oral toxicity study of the formulations was found to be safe. Formulations were found to possess significant results against diabetic neuropathy in rats. Biomarkers were analyzed for their mechanistic involvement in reducing neuropathy in rats, and it was found that the oxidative pathway was considerably restored, suggesting that chrysin causes these effects via this pathway. Conclusions Results suggests that isolated phytoconstituent (chrysin) from the bark of Morus alba derived nanoemulsion has protective and beneficial effects by diminishing the oxidative damage against alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Invertis University, Bareilly-243123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neetu Sachan
- Maharana Pratap College of Pharmacy, Mandhana, Kanpur-209217, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, 140301 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Phool Chandra
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad-244001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Alharthy KM, Balaha MF, Devi S, Altharawi A, Yusufoglu HS, Aldossari RM, Alam A, di Giacomo V. Ameliorative Effects of Isoeugenol and Eugenol against Impaired Nerve Function and Inflammatory and Oxidative Mediators in Diabetic Neuropathic Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1203. [PMID: 37189822 PMCID: PMC10135797 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy is characterized by structural abnormalities, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The current study aimed to determine the antinociceptive effects of isoeugenol and eugenol and their combinations in neuropathic pain resulting from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and neuroinflammation. Female SD rats were categorized into normal control, diabetic control, and treatment groups. On the 28th day and 45th day, behavioral studies (allodynia and hyperalgesia) were performed to analyze the development and protection of diabetic polyneuropathy. The levels of inflammatory and oxidative mediators, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), catalase, reduced glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were estimated. In addition, the level of nerve growth factor (NGF) was estimated at the end of the study in different groups. The anti-NGF treatment decreased its upregulation in the dorsal root ganglion significantly. The results showed that isoeugenol, eugenol, and their combination have therapeutic potential against neuronal and oxidative damage induced by diabetes. In particular, both compounds significantly affected behavioral function in treated rats and showed neuroprotection against diabetic neuropathy, and their combination had synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Alharthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed F. Balaha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Sushma Devi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India;
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hasan S. Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rana M. Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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Isolation of Thymol from Trachyspermum ammi Fruits for Treatment of Diabetes and Diabetic Neuropathy in STZ-Induced Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8263999. [PMID: 35528161 PMCID: PMC9071892 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8263999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids and phenols from Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi) have reported some pharmacological actions. The objective of the work was to isolate the active constituent, its identification by spectroscopic techniques, and evaluation of the antidiabetic and neuroprotective activity from T. ammi on STZ Wistar rats. The dried fruits of T ammi were kept in a hydrodistillation apparatus to collect essential oil. The isolated fraction went through TLC, UV, FTIR, HPLC, HRMS, C13, and 1H NMR for characterization. Two dosage concentrations from the isolated compound were prepared as 10 and 20 mg/kg for treatment groups. The groups were tested for thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, writhing, grip strength, spontaneous locomotor test, neuromuscular coordination tests, and histopathological and lipid profile analysis. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg i.p.) and 12 weeks of treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy in Wistar rats. Biomarkers were evaluated to understand the neuropathic protection of thymol on STZ-treated Wistar rats. The biomarker studies (SOD, NO, LPO, Na+K+ATPase, and TNF-α) further confirmed thymol's diabetic neuropathy protective action. This study suggests that isolated compound thymol was antidiabetic and neuroprotective as it has shown controlled glucose levels defensive nerve damage in STZ Wistar rats. P < 0.05 level of significance was observed in the levels of endogenous biomarkers, fasting blood glucose levels, actophotometer response, and response latency in treated groups compared to the diabetic group, whereas P < 0.001 level of significance during lipid profile levels, thermal algesia, and neuromuscular comparison tests was noted in treated groups compared to the diabetic group.
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Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols in the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9940169. [PMID: 34093722 PMCID: PMC8137294 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9940169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common and serious diabetes-associated complication that primarily takes place because of neuronal dysfunction in patients with diabetes. Use of current therapeutic agents in DN treatment is quite challenging because of their severe adverse effects. Therefore, there is an increased need of identifying new safe and effective therapeutic agents. DN complications are associated with poor glycemic control and metabolic imbalances, primarily oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Various mediators and signaling pathways such as glutamate pathway, activation of channels, trophic factors, inflammation, OS, advanced glycation end products, and polyol pathway have a significant contribution to the progression and pathogenesis of DN. It has been indicated that polyphenols have the potential to affect DN pathogenesis and could be used as potential alternative therapy. Several polyphenols including kolaviron, resveratrol, naringenin, quercetin, kaempferol, and curcumin have been administered in patients with DN. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid can provide protection against glutamate neurotoxicity via its hydrolysate, caffeoyl acid group, and caffeic acid through regulating the entry of calcium into neurons. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment can protect motor neurons by regulating the glutamate level. It has been demonstrated that these polyphenols can be promising in combating DN-associated damaging pathways. In this article, we have summarized DN-associated metabolic pathways and clinical manifestations. Finally, we have also focused on the roles of polyphenols in the treatment of DN.
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Mao CF, Sudirman S, Lee CC, Tsou D, Kong ZL. Echinacea purpurea Ethanol Extract Improves Male Reproductive Dysfunction With Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:651286. [PMID: 33996978 PMCID: PMC8113381 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.651286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As lifestyle changes, the prevalence of diabetes increases every year. Diabetes-induced male reproductive dysfunction is predominantly due to increased oxidative stress and then results in sperm damage and infertility. Echinacea purpurea is a traditional medicinal herb and is well-known for its immune-modulatory, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in innate immune responses leading to nuclear factor (NF)-κB phosphorylation and release of proinflammatory cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. However, the relation between Echinacea purpurea extract and TLR4 remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects on male reproduction of Echinacea purpurea ethanol extract (EPE) against diabetic rats and whether the anti-inflammatory effects were through the TLR4 pathway. Diabetic male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (230 mg/kg). EPE was tested in three doses (93, 279, and 465 mg/kg p.o. daily) for 4 weeks. Besides, metformin administration (100 mg/kg/day) was treated as a positive control. Results indicated that EPE administration for about 4 weeks improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Additionally, EPE increased sperm motility, protected sperm morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as protein for testosterone synthesis enzyme. In sperm superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione antioxidants were increased, whereas proinflammatory cytokines, such as NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α were decreased. The testis protein content of TLR4 and downstream phospho-NF-κB p65 also were reduced. The EPE might reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines via TLR4 pathways and improve diabetes-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Feng Mao
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sabri Sudirman
- Fisheries Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Chi-Chih Lee
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - David Tsou
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Saraswat N, Sachan N, Chandra P. Anti-diabetic, diabetic neuropathy protective action and mechanism of action involving oxidative pathway of chlorogenic acid isolated from Selinum vaginatum roots in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05137. [PMID: 33088940 PMCID: PMC7566111 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopharmaceuticals have always reported vital roles in the field of medicine hence the need to investigate safe and efficient drugs for treating metabolic disorders is very significant. Roots of Selinum vaginatum have therapeutic benefits and are widely used by the people of the Rohtang region for treating diabetes and its associated complications. The present study focusses on the isolation of the bioactive from the S. vaginatum roots for estimating acute toxicity studies, anti-diabetic and diabetic neuropathy protective action along with the mechanism of action in STZ induced Wistar rats. The Selinum vaginatum roots were collected from the Rohtang region, Himalayas. Chlorogenic acid was isolated and underwent identification by UV, HPLC, 1H NMR, C13 NMR, Mass, and FTIR spectroscopy methods. Chlorogenic acid was dosed at 10 and 20 mg/kg to observe the effects on experimentally induced diabetes and with time generated diabetic neuropathic complications. Biomarkers TNF-α, superoxide dismutase, nitrosative stress, lipid peroxide profile, and membrane-bound inorganic phosphate were analyzed. Histopathological evaluation of the liver and sciatic nerve was performed for all groups. Parameters like blood glucose levels, body weight, food intake, Thermal Hyperalgesia, Writhing, Cold Hyperalgesia Responses, Mechanical hyperalgesia, Grip Strength, Spontaneous Locomotor (Exploratory) Test, Neuromuscular Coordination tests, and lipid profile analysis showcased the anti-diabetic and diabetic neuropathy protective action of the drug. Inflammation, degradation, and necrosis were found to be reduced in the liver and sciatic nerve cells of treated groups. All the biomarkers used to analyze the oxidative pathway were significantly replenished indicates that chlorogenic acid produces these effects through this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Saraswat
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway-2, Bhauti, Kanpur (UP), 209 305, India
| | - Neetu Sachan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road (NH-24), Moradabad (UP), 244 102, India
| | - Phool Chandra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road (NH-24), Moradabad (UP), 244 102, India
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11
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Jiang B, Geng Q, Li T, Mohammad Firdous S, Zhou X. Morin attenuates STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy in experimental animals. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2139-2142. [PMID: 32714041 PMCID: PMC7376113 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) occurs in untreated diabetic patients due to the strong influence of oxidative stress. Bioflavonoids are well known for their antioxidant property. Morin, a bioflavonoid, has been demonstrated for its antioxidant as well as antidiabetic activity. Thus, this research work intended to determine the ameliorative impact of morin in DR rats using STZ-induced type 1 diabetic model. To induce type 1 diabetic in rats STZ (60 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. Grouping of animals was done as described below (n = 6), where, group I - normal control, group II - diabetic control, group III - morin (25 mg/kg), group IV - morin (50 mg/kg), and group V - metformin (350 mg/kg) were used. All the animals underwent treatment for 60 days as given above. It was observed that supplementation of morin (25 and 50 mg/kg) showed a noteworthy decline in elevated serum glucose level. Moreover, decrease in the level of LPO and improved activity of endogenous antioxidants (GPx, CAT, and SOD) was observed in morin treated groups. It also notably drops the concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, and VEGF in the tissue homogenate of the retina. Furthermore, it increased the retinal thickness and cell count in the ganglion cell layer of the retina in diabetic animals. Hence, we can conclude that morin encumbers the progression of DR in diabetic animals, which may be via antioxidant property and suppression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and VEGF.
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Key Words
- AGEs, Advanced glycated end products
- Antioxidants
- BGL, Blood glucose level
- BRB, Blood retinal barrier
- CAT, Catalase
- DAG, Diacylglycerol
- Diabetic retinopathy
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- IL-1β and VEGF
- IL-1β, Interleukin 1 beta
- LPO, Lipid peroxidase
- Morin
- PKC, Protein kinase C
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- TNF-α
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qingsen Geng
- Department of Eye Fundus,Liaocheng Guangming Ophthalmological Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Sayeed Mohammad Firdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & AHS, Uluberia, Howrah 711316, West Bengal, India
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
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Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin against Aflatoxin B1-Intoxicated Mice. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050898. [PMID: 32455780 PMCID: PMC7278413 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin commonly present in feed, characterized by several toxic effects. AFB1 has been described as being responsible for naturally occurring animal kidney disorders. In addition, AFB1 seems to have a neurotoxical effect that leads to memory impairment behavior. AFB1 toxicity involves the induction of the oxidative stress pathway, rising lipid peroxidation, and it decreases antioxidant enzyme levels. Hence, in our research, we wanted to evaluate the potential protective effects of quercetin in AFB1-mediated toxicity in the brain and the ameliorative effect on behavioral alterations. This antioxidant effect of quercetin in the brains of AFB1-intoxicated mice is reflected in better cognitive and spatial memory capacity, as well as a better profile of anxiety and lethargy disorders. In conclusion, our study suggests that quercetin exerts a preventive role against oxidative stress by promoting antioxidative defense systems and limiting lipid peroxidation. Abstract Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin commonly present in feed, characterized by several toxic effects. AFB1 seems to have a neurotoxical effect that leads to memory impairment behavior. AFB1 toxicity involves the induction of the oxidative stress pathway, rising lipid peroxidation, and it decreases antioxidant enzyme levels. Hence, in our research, we wanted to evaluate the potential protective effects of quercetin 30 mg/kg in AFB1-mediated toxicity in the brain and the ameliorative effect on behavioral alterations. Oral supplementation with quercetin increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH) levels, superoxidedismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) in the brain, and it reduced lipid peroxidation in AFB1-treated mice. This antioxidant effect of quercetin in the brains of AFB1-intoxicated mice is reflected in better cognitive and spatial memory capacity, as well as a better profile of anxiety and lethargy disorders. In conclusion, our study suggests that quercetin exerts a preventive role against oxidative stress by promoting antioxidative defense systems and limiting lipid peroxidation.
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Kong ZL, Sudirman S, Hsu YC, Su CY, Kuo HP. Fucoxanthin-Rich Brown Algae Extract Improves Male Reproductive Function on Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4485. [PMID: 31514311 PMCID: PMC6770327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypogonadism and oxidative stress are occurring commonly in men with diabetes and associated male infertility. This study aimed to investigate the capability of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of fucoxanthin as well as to evaluate its protective effects on male reproduction in diabetic rats. The RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were used to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide for a diabetes model and fed either with three different doses of fucoxanthin (13, 26, and 65 mg/kg) or rosiglitazone (0.571 mg/kg) for four weeks. The fucoxanthin significantly inhibited nitric oxide production and reduced reactive oxygen species level in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In the animal study, fucoxanthin administration improved insulin resistance, restored sperm motility, decreased abnormal sperm number, and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Moreover, it restored GPR54 and SOCS-3 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and recovered luteinizing hormone level, as well as the testosterone level. In conclusion, fucoxanthin not only possessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but also decreased the diabetes signs and symptoms as well as improved spermatogenesis and male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
- Biotaiwan Foundation, New Taipei City 24886, Taiwan.
| | - Sabri Sudirman
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Yu Su
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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Naseri R, Farzaei F, Fakhri S, El-Senduny FF, Altouhamy M, Bahramsoltani R, Ebrahimi F, Rahimi R, Farzaei MH. Polyphenols for diabetes associated neuropathy: Pharmacological targets and clinical perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:781-798. [PMID: 31352568 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic neuropathy (DNP) is a widespread and debilitating complication with complex pathophysiology that is caused by neuronal dysfunction in diabetic patients. Conventional therapeutics for DNP are quite challenging due to their serious adverse effects. Hence, there is a need to investigate novel effective and safe options. The novelty of the present study was to provide available therapeutic approaches, emerging molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways and future directions of DNP as well as polyphenols' effect, which accordingly, give new insights for paving the way for novel treatments in DNP. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive review was done in electronic databases including Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, national database (Irandoc and SID), and related articles regarding metabolic pathways on the pathogenesis of DNP as well as the polyphenols' effect. The keywords "diabetic neuropathy" and "diabetes mellitus" in the title/abstract and "polyphenol" in the whole text were used. Data were collected from inception until May 2019. RESULTS DNP complications is mostly related to a poor glycemic control and metabolic imbalances mainly inflammation and oxidative stress. Several signaling and molecular pathways play key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of DNP. Among natural entities, polyphenols are suggested as multi-target alternatives affecting most of these pathogenesis mechanisms in DNP. CONCLUSION The findings revealed novel pathogenicity signaling pathways of DNP and affirmed the auspicious role of polyphenols to tackle these destructive pathways in order to prevent, manage, and treat various diseases. Graphical Abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Naseri
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fardous F El-Senduny
- Biochemistry division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Miram Altouhamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Pharmacy in Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ebrahimi
- Pharmacy students` research committee, School of pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacy in Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Impellizzeri D, Peritore AF, Cordaro M, Gugliandolo E, Siracusa R, Crupi R, D'Amico R, Fusco R, Evangelista M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. The neuroprotective effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) formulation on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:11364-11380. [PMID: 31344333 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900538r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a complication of diabetes connected with morbidity and mortality. DPN presents deterioration of peripheral nerves with pain, feebleness, and loss of sensation. Particular medications might display their remedial potential by controlling neuroinflammation. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an autacoid local injury antagonist distinguished for its neuroprotective, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties in numerous experimental models of neuroinflammation. Based on these findings, the goal of this work was to better test the neuroprotective effects of a formulation of micronized PEA (PEA-m) and the probable mechanism of action in a mouse model of DPN induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Diabetic and control animals received PEA-m (10 mg/kg) by oral gavage daily starting 2 wk from STZ injection. After 16 wk, the animals were euthanized, and blood, urine, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve tissues were collected. Our results demonstrated that after diabetes induction, PEA-m was able to reduce mechanical, thermal hyperalgesia, and motor alterations as well as reduce mast cell activation and nerve growth factor expression. In addition, PEA-m decreased neural histologic damage, oxidative and nitrosative stress, cytokine release, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Moreover, spinal microglia activation (IBA-1), phospho-P38 MAPK, and nuclear factor NF-κB inflammatory pathways were also inhibited. The protective effects of PEA-m could be correlated at least in part to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation. In summary, we demonstrated that PEA-m represents a new therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation pain associated with mixed neuropathies.-Impellizzeri, D., Peritore, A. F., Cordaro, M., Gugliandolo, E., Siracusa, R., Crupi, R., D'Amico, R., Fusco, R., Evangelista, M., Cuzzocrea, S., Di Paola, R. The neuroprotective effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) formulation on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Evangelista
- Institute of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Dewanjee S, Das S, Das AK, Bhattacharjee N, Dihingia A, Dua TK, Kalita J, Manna P. Molecular mechanism of diabetic neuropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:472-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Neuroprotective effect of morin on lead acetate- induced apoptosis by preventing cytochrome c translocation via regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 66:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Komirishetty P, Areti A, Sistla R, Kumar A. Morin Mitigates Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI)-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress Induced PARP Over-Activation and Neuroinflammation. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2029-42. [PMID: 27084773 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is initiated or caused due to the primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system and is proposed to be linked to a cascade of events including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Oxidative/nitrosative stress aggravates the neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration through poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) overactivation. Hence, the present study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the phytoconstituent; morin in chronic constriction injury (CCI) induced neuropathy. Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction of the left sciatic nerve in rats, and the effect of morin (15 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated by measuring behavioural and biochemical changes. Mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli confirmed the CCI-induced neuropathic pain and treatment with morin significantly improved these behavioural deficits and improved the sciatic functional index by the 14th day after CCI induction. After 14 days of CCI induction, oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammatory markers were elevated in rat lumbar spinal cord. Oxidative stress induced PARP overactivation resulted in depleted levels of ATP and elevated levels of poly (ADP) ribose (PAR). Treatment with morin reduced the levels of nitrites, restored glutathione levels and abrogated the oxidant induced DNA damage. It also mitigated the increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Protein expression studies confirmed the PARP inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity of morin. Findings of this study suggest that morin, by virtue of its antioxidant properties, limited PARP overactivation and neuroinflammation and protected against CCI induced functional, behavioural and biochemical deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Komirishetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500037, India
| | - Aparna Areti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500037, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500037, India.
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Al-Rejaie SS, Aleisa AM, Abuohashish HM, Parmar MY, Ola MS, Al-Hosaini AA, Ahmed MM. Naringenin neutralises oxidative stress and nerve growth factor discrepancy in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Neurol Res 2015; 37:924-33. [PMID: 26187552 DOI: 10.1179/1743132815y.0000000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Present study aims to investigate the ameliorative effects of naringenin (NG) on experimentally induced diabetic neuropathy (DN) in rats. METHODS Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 g/kg). Naringenin (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) treatment was started 2 weeks after the diabetes induction and continued for five consecutive weeks. Pain threshold behaviour tests were performed at the end of the treatment. Serum levels of glucose, insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed. In sciatic tissues, markers oxidative stress, cytokines and neurotrophic factors were measured. RESULTS NG treatments showed significant decrease in paw-withdrawal (P < 0.01) and tail-flick latency (P < 0.01). The drug attenuated the diabetic-induced changes in serum glucose, insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In sciatic nerve, the diabetic-induced alterations in interleukins and oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly attenuated by NG. Decreased sciatic expressions of insulin growth factor (IGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in diabetic rats were also ameliorated by NG. Diabetes-induced dysregulated levels of nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were ameliorated by NG. Histological analysis showed that NG corrected the altered sciatic changes in diabetic animals. DISCUSSION We suggest that neuro-protective effect of NG molecules in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats, through its anti-diabetic as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Fatani AJ, Al-Rejaie SS, Abuohashish HM, Al-Assaf A, Parmar MY, Ahmed MM. Lutein dietary supplementation attenuates streptozotocin-induced testicular damage and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:204. [PMID: 26122042 PMCID: PMC4486605 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus with the successive generation of reactive oxygen species signifies a major risk factor for testicular dysfunction. Antioxidant supplements are one of the best options to prevent such disorder. In the present study, lutein as dietary supplement has been used to explore its potential protective effects against diabetes-induced oxidative stress in testicular cells. Methods Diabetes was induced using a single IP injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Lutein was mixed with rat chow powder and supplemented to diabetic rats for 5 weeks. Serum testosterone levels were estimated. In testicular cells, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl groups (T-GSH), non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. Pro-inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were measured in the testis. Nucleic acids and total protein (TP) levels were also estimated in testicular cells. Histopathological changes were evaluated in testis. Results Serum testosterone level was significantly decreased in diabetic animals compared to controls. Diabetes markedly reduced T-GSH, NP-SH, CAT and SOD, while TBARS, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were increased in the diabetic testis compared to non-diabetic controls. Lutein supplementation, significantly and dose dependently increased the serum testosterone level. The elevated TBARS levels were significantly decreased compared to diabetic group, while the decreased levels of T-GSH and NP-SH and activities of CAT and SOD were found increased by lutein treatments in dose dependent manner. Lutein pretreatment also inhibited the TNF-α and IL-1β levels compared to diabetic group. The decreased values of nucleic acids and total protein in diabetic group were also significantly increased in lutein supplemented groups. The histopathological evaluation revealed protection the damaged testicular cells in the diabetic rats by lutein supplementation. Conclusion These findings showed that lutein has potential beneficial effects in diabetes-induced testicular damage, probably through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Neuroprotective effects of Gymnema sylvestre on streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1670-1678. [PMID: 26136876 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of traditional medicine for diabetes and associated complications, such as diabetic neuropathy (DN), has received increasing attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential ameliorative effect of Gymnema sylvestre (Gs) in a rat model of DN. Diabetes was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg). Treatment with Gs extract (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) began two weeks following the administration of STZ and was continued for five weeks. Pain threshold behavior tests were performed subsequent to the five-week Gs treatment period. In addition, the serum levels of glucose, insulin and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, were determined. Furthermore, the sciatic tissue levels of nitric oxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and reduced glutathione were determined, as well as the activity levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were also assessed in the sciatic tissue. In addition, the sciatic nerve tissue samples were analyzed for histopathological alterations. The diabetic rats exhibited apparent reductions in the paw-withdrawal (31%; P<0.01) and tail-flick latencies (38%; P<0.05). Furthermore, the diabetic rats demonstrated an evident elevation in serum and sciatic levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Measured oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly altered in the sciatic nerve tissue of the diabetic rats. Treatment with Gs attenuated diabetes-induced modifications with regard to the levels of serum glucose, insulin and proinflammatory cytokines. In the sciatic nerve tissue, the diabetes-induced alterations in IL levels and oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly improved in the Gs-treated rats. Furthermore, the reduction in the sciatic tissue expression levels of IGF and NGF was also ameliorated by Gs treatment. Histological analysis indicated that Gs corrected the sciatic tissue in the diabetic rats. Therefore, the results demonstrated that the neuroprotective effect of Gs may be associated with the inhibitory effect on the excessive activation of inflammatory molecules and oxidative stress mediators.
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