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Šutić M, Dmitrović B, Jakovčević A, Džubur F, Oršolić N, Debeljak Ž, Försti A, Seiwerth S, Brčić L, Madzarac G, Samaržija M, Jakopović M, Knežević J. Transcriptomic Profiling for Prognostic Biomarkers in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Lung Cancer (SqCLC). Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:720. [PMID: 38398111 PMCID: PMC10887138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) is associated with high mortality and limited treatment options. Identification of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers is still lacking. This research aims to analyze the transcriptomic profile of SqCLC samples and identify the key genes associated with tumorigenesis, overall survival (OS), and a profile of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and Gene Ontology analysis on RNA-seq data obtained from FFPE tumor samples (N = 23) and healthy tissues (N = 3) were performed (experimental cohort). Validation of the results was conducted on publicly available gene expression data using TCGA LUSC (N = 225) and GTEx healthy donors' cohorts (N = 288). We identified 1133 upregulated and 644 downregulated genes, common for both cohorts. The most prominent upregulated genes were involved in cell cycle and proliferation regulation pathways (MAGEA9B, MAGED4, KRT, MMT11/13), while downregulated genes predominately belonged to immune-related pathways (DEFA1B, DEFA1, DEFA3). Results of the survival analysis, conducted on the validation cohort and commonly deregulated genes, indicated that overexpression of HOXC4 (p < 0.001), LLGL1 (p = 0.0015), and SLC4A3 (p = 0.0034) is associated with worse OS in early-stage SqCLC patients. In contrast, overexpression of GSTZ1 (p = 0.0029) and LILRA5 (p = 0.0086) was protective, i.e., associated with better OS. By applying a single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), we identified four distinct immune subtypes. Immune cell distribution suggests that the memory T cells (central and effector) and follicular helper T cells could serve as important stratification parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šutić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Branko Dmitrović
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Clinical Medical Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Antonia Jakovčević
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Feđa Džubur
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Željko Debeljak
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Asta Försti
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Luka Brčić
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Goran Madzarac
- Department for Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Miroslav Samaržija
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marko Jakopović
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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2
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Horvat A, Vlašić I, Štefulj J, Oršolić N, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Flavonols as a Potential Pharmacological Intervention for Alleviating Cognitive Decline in Diabetes: Evidence from Preclinical Studies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2291. [PMID: 38137892 PMCID: PMC10744738 DOI: 10.3390/life13122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease associated with reduced synaptic plasticity, atrophy of the hippocampus, and cognitive decline. Cognitive impairment results from several pathological mechanisms, including increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors, prolonged oxidative stress and impaired activity of endogenous mechanisms of antioxidant defense, neuroinflammation driven by the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and disturbance of signaling pathways involved in neuronal survival and cognitive functioning. There is increasing evidence that dietary interventions can reduce the risk of various diabetic complications. In this context, flavonols, a highly abundant class of flavonoids in the human diet, are appreciated as a potential pharmacological intervention against cognitive decline in diabetes. In preclinical studies, flavonols have shown neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and memory-enhancing properties based on their ability to regulate glucose levels, attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation, promote the expression of neurotrophic factors, and regulate signaling pathways. The present review gives an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunctions and the results of preclinical studies showing that flavonols have the ability to alleviate cognitive impairment. Although the results from animal studies are promising, clinical and epidemiological studies are still needed to advance our knowledge on the potential of flavonols to improve cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Horvat
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ignacija Vlašić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Štefulj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Butorac K, Novak J, Banić M, Leboš Pavunc A, Čuljak N, Oršolić N, Odeh D, Perica J, Šušković J, Kos B. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by the Plantaricin-Producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum D13, Analysed in the DSS-Induced Colitis Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15322. [PMID: 37895001 PMCID: PMC10607255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum D13 shows antistaphylococcal and antilisterial activity, probably due to the synthesis of a presumptive bacteriocin with antibiofilm capacity released in the cell-free supernatant (CFS), whose inhibitory effect is enhanced by cocultivation with susceptible strains. An in silico analysis of the genome of strain D13 confirmed the pln gene cluster. Genes associated with plantaricin biosynthesis, structure, transport, antimicrobial activity, and immunity of strain D13 were identified. Furthermore, the predicted homology-based 3D structures of the cyclic conformation of PlnE, PlnF, PlnJ, and PlnK revealed that PlnE and PlnK contain two helices, while PlnF and PlnJ contain one and two helices, respectively. The potential of the strain to modulate the intestinal microbiota in healthy or dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse models was also investigated. Strain D13 decreased the disease activity index (DAI) and altered the gut microbiota of mice with DSS-induced colitis by increasing the ratio of beneficial microbial species (Allobaculum, Barnesiella) and decreasing those associated with inflammatory bowel disease (Candidatus Saccharimonas). This suggests that strain D13 helps to restore the gut microbiota after DSS-induced colitis, indicating its potential for further investigation as a probiotic strain for the prevention and treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (J.N.); (M.B.); (A.L.P.); (N.Č.); (J.P.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jasna Novak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (J.N.); (M.B.); (A.L.P.); (N.Č.); (J.P.); (J.Š.)
| | - Martina Banić
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (J.N.); (M.B.); (A.L.P.); (N.Č.); (J.P.); (J.Š.)
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (J.N.); (M.B.); (A.L.P.); (N.Č.); (J.P.); (J.Š.)
| | - Nina Čuljak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (J.N.); (M.B.); (A.L.P.); (N.Č.); (J.P.); (J.Š.)
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.O.); (D.O.)
| | - Dyana Odeh
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.O.); (D.O.)
| | - Jana Perica
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (J.N.); (M.B.); (A.L.P.); (N.Č.); (J.P.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (J.N.); (M.B.); (A.L.P.); (N.Č.); (J.P.); (J.Š.)
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (J.N.); (M.B.); (A.L.P.); (N.Č.); (J.P.); (J.Š.)
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Balta V, Đikić D, Landeka Jurčević I, Odeh D, Oršolić N, Ferara N, Dilber D, Dragičević P, Dragović-Uzelac V. The Effect of a High-Protein Diet Supplemented with Blackthorn Flower Extract on Polyphenol Bioavailability and Antioxidant Status in the Organs of C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4066. [PMID: 37764849 PMCID: PMC10535945 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of polyphenols are based on their bioavailability, which is why a significant portion of research focuses on factors that affect their bioavailability. Previous studies suggest that the intake of polyphenols along with macronutrients in food represents one of the key factors influencing the bioavailability of polyphenols and, consequently, their biological activity in the organism. Since polyphenols in the human diet are mainly consumed in food together with macronutrients, this study investigated the in vivo absorption, metabolism, and distribution of polyphenolic compounds from the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a protein-enriched diet in the organs (small intestine, liver, kidney) of C57BL/6 mice. The bioaccumulation of polyphenol molecules, biologically available maximum concentrations of individual groups of polyphenol molecules, and their effect on the oxidative/antioxidative status of organs were also examined. The results of this study indicate increased bioabsorption and bioavailability of flavan-3-ols (EC, EGCG) and reduced absorption kinetics of certain polyphenols from the groups of flavonols, flavones, and phenolic acids in the organs of C57BL/6 mice after intragastric administration of the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a diet enriched with whey proteins. Furthermore, subchronic intake of polyphenols from the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a diet enriched with whey proteins induces the synthesis of total glutathione (tGSH) in the liver and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and small intestine. The results of this study suggest potential applications in the development of functional foods aimed at achieving the optimal health status of the organism and the possibility of reducing the risk of oxidative stress-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Balta
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Đ.); (D.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Domagoj Đikić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Đ.); (D.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Irena Landeka Jurčević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.L.J.); (V.D.-U.)
| | - Dyana Odeh
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Đ.); (D.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Đ.); (D.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Nikola Ferara
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Vinogradska Cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dario Dilber
- Magdalena Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, Ljudevita Gaja 2, 49217 Krapinske Toplice, Croatia;
| | - Petar Dragičević
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 12 Kišpatićeva St, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.L.J.); (V.D.-U.)
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Kučan D, Oršolić N, Odeh D, Ramić S, Jakopović B, Knežević J, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. The Role of Hyperthermia in Potentiation of Anti-Angiogenic Effect of Cisplatin and Resveratrol in Mice Bearing Solid Form of Ehrlich Ascites Tumour. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11073. [PMID: 37446252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of resveratrol in combination with cisplatin on the inhibition of tumour angiogenesis, growth, and macrophage polarization in mice bearing the solid form of an Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) that were exposed to whole-body hyperthermia treatment. In addition, we investigated whether a multimodal approach with hyperthermia and resveratrol could abolish cisplatin resistance in tumour cells through the modulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and levels of heat shock proteins (HSP70/HSP90) and contribute to the direct toxicity of cisplatin on tumour cells. The tumour was induced by injecting 1 × 106 EAT cells subcutaneously (sc) into the thighs of Balb/c mice. The mice were treated with resveratrol per os for five consecutive days beginning on day 2 after tumour injection and/or by injecting cisplatin intraperitoneally (ip) at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg on days 10 and 12 and at a dose of 5 mg/kg on day 15. Immediately thereafter, the mice were exposed to systemic hyperthermia for 15 min at a temperature of 41 °C. The obtained results showed that the administration of resveratrol did not significantly contribute to the antitumour effect of cisplatin and hyperthermia, but it partially contributed to the immunomodulatory effect and to the reduction of cisplatin toxicity and to a slight increase in animal survival. This treatment schedule did not affect microvessel density, but it inhibited tumour growth and modulated macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype. Furthermore, it abolished the resistance of tumour cells to cisplatin by modulating HDAC activity and the concentration of HSP70 and HSP90 chaperones, contributing to the increased lifespan of mice. However, the precise mechanism of the interaction between resveratrol, cisplatin, and hyperthermia needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Kučan
- Division of Abdominal Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Merkur, Zajčeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dyana Odeh
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Ramić
- Department of Pathology, University Cancer Hospital, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Ilica 197, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Jakopović
- Dr Myko San-Health from Mushrooms Co., Miramarska Cesta 109, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Oršolić N, Karlović D, Peitl V. Flavonols in Action: Targeting Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086888. [PMID: 37108052 PMCID: PMC10138550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses that highly impairs quality of life. Pharmacological interventions are mainly focused on altered monoamine neurotransmission, which is considered the primary event underlying the disease's etiology. However, many other neuropathological mechanisms that contribute to the disease's progression and clinical symptoms have been identified. These include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, hippocampal atrophy, reduced synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, the depletion of neurotrophic factors, and the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Current therapeutic options are often unsatisfactory and associated with adverse effects. This review highlights the most relevant findings concerning the role of flavonols, a ubiquitous class of flavonoids in the human diet, as potential antidepressant agents. In general, flavonols are considered to be both an effective and safe therapeutic option in the management of depression, which is largely based on their prominent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, preclinical studies have provided evidence that they are capable of restoring the neuroendocrine control of the HPA axis, promoting neurogenesis, and alleviating depressive-like behavior. Although these findings are promising, they are still far from being implemented in clinical practice. Hence, further studies are needed to more comprehensively evaluate the potential of flavonols with respect to the improvement of clinical signs of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dalibor Karlović
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vjekoslav Peitl
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Benković V, Milić M, Oršolić N, Knežević AH, Brozović G, Borojević N. Different damaging effects of volatile anaesthetics alone or in combination with 1 and 2 Gy gamma-irradiation in vivo on mouse liver DNA: a preliminary study. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:22-33. [PMID: 37014688 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the number of radiotherapy and radiology diagnostic procedures increases from year to year, so does the use of general volatile anaesthesia (VA). Although considered safe, VA exposure can cause different adverse effects and, in combination with ionising radiation (IR), can also cause synergistic effects. However, little is known about DNA damage incurred by this combination at doses applied in a single radiotherapy treatment. To learn more about it, we assessed DNA damage and repair response in the liver tissue of Swiss albino male mice following exposure to isoflurane (I), sevoflurane (S), or halothane (H) alone or in combination with 1 or 2 Gy irradiation using the comet assay. Samples were taken immediately (0 h) and 2, 6, and 24 h after exposure. Compared to control, the highest DNA damage was found in mice receiving halothane alone or in combination with 1 or 2 Gy IR treatments. Sevoflurane and isoflurane displayed protective effects against 1 Gy IR, while with 2 Gy IR the first adverse effects appeared at 24 h post-exposure. Although VA effects depend on liver metabolism, the detection of unrepaired DNA damage 24 h after combined exposure with 2 Gy IR indicates that we need to look further into the combined effects of VA and IR on genome stability and include a longer time frame than 24 h for single exposure as well as repeated exposure as a more realistic scenario in radiotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Benković
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- 2Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Gordana Brozović
- 3Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital, Clinic for Tumours, Department of Anaesthesiology, Reanimatology, and Intensive Care, Zagreb, Croatia
- 4University of Osijek Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikola Borojević
- 5National Health Service Foundation Trust, Warrington and Halton Teaching Hospitals, Warrington, United Kingdom
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Benković V, Milić M, Oršolić N, Horvat Knežević A, Brozović G, Borojević N. Brain DNA damaging effects of volatile anesthetics and 1 and 2 Gy gamma irradiation in vivo: Preliminary results. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:67-80. [PMID: 36602468 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221145599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although both can cause DNA damage, the combined impact of volatile anesthetics halothane/sevoflurane/isoflurane and radiotherapeutic exposure on sensitive brain cells in vivo has not been previously analyzed. Healthy Swiss albino male mice (240 in total, 48 groups) were exposed to either halothane/sevoflurane/isoflurane therapeutic doses alone (2 h); 1 or 2 gray of gamma radiation alone; or combined exposure. Frontal lobe brain samples from five animals were taken immediately and 2, 6, and 24 h after exposure. DNA damage and cellular repair index were analyzed using the alkaline comet assay and the tail intensity parameter. Elevated tail intensity levels for sevoflurane/halothane were the highest at 6 h and returned to baseline within 24 h for sevoflurane, but not for halothane, while isoflurane treatment caused lower tail intensity than control values. Combined exposure demonstrated a slightly halothane/sevoflurane protective and isoflurane protective effect, which was stronger for 2 than for 1 gray. Cellular repair indices and tail intensity histograms indicated different modes of action in DNA damage creation. Isoflurane/sevoflurane/halothane preconditioning demonstrated protective effects in sensitive brain cells in vivo. Owing to the constant increases in the combined use of radiotherapy and volatile anesthetics, further studies should explore the mechanisms behind these effects, including longer and multiple exposure treatments and in vivo brain tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Benković
- Faculty of Science, 117036University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, 118938Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Faculty of Science, 117036University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Gordana Brozović
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and ICU, University Hospital for Tumors, 499232Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 84992University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikola Borojević
- 8256Warrington and Halton Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, UK
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Domjanić Drozdek S, Odeh D, Đikić D, Gračan R, Oršolić N, Dragović-Uzelac V, Feher-Turković L, Dragičević P, Landeka Jurčević I. The Effects of Nettle Extract Consumption on Liver PPARs, SIRT1, ACOX1 and Blood Lipid Levels in Male and Female C57Bl6 Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:4469. [PMID: 36364732 PMCID: PMC9657111 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate how nettle (Urtica dioica L.) water extract consumption would interact with regulators of peroxysomal lipid oxidation, histone deacetylase, and markers of oxidative stress in the liver and blood lipid levels in male and female C57Bl6 mice. Metabolically unchallenged (healthy) mice (n = 5 per sex) were treated with a nettle extract in a dose of 40 mg of total polyphenols in the extract per kg mice body weight. The nettle extract was applied daily along with normal diet for 15 days. The serum triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and liver PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, PGC-1-α, ACOX1, SIRT1, MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH were compared between exposed and unexposed (control) animals. In males, the PPAR-α, PGC1-α, and ACOX1 levels together with systemic HDL cholesterol were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased while the LDL cholesterol decreased (p ≤ 0.05). In females, no changes in PPAR-α and PGC1-α or serum lipids were noted, but the ACOX1 content in the liver was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased. The SIRT1 activity increased (p ≤ 0.05) only in females. In both sexes, the PPAR-γ levels were not significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected in either sex. The results indicate that nettle plant extract has the potential to modulate selected transcriptional factors and histone deacetylase in vivo, with certain sex differences, which should be studied further in similar models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dyana Odeh
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Đikić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Romana Gračan
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Feher-Turković
- School of Applied Health Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Irena Landeka Jurčević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Odeh D, Oršolić N, Berendika M, Đikić D, Domjanić Drozdek S, Balbino S, Repajić M, Dragović-Uzelac V, Jurčević IL. Antioxidant and Anti-Atherogenic Activities of Essential Oils from Myrtus communis L. and Laurus nobilis L. in Rat. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071465. [PMID: 35406078 PMCID: PMC9003404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic and medicinal plants, such as myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) and Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), are gaining popularity as a potential ingredient in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study aims to investigate whether the essential oils (EOs) could be effective in weight control, antioxidative and antilipidemic status of rats by affecting microbiota and its enzymes activity and whether changes in intestinal enzyme activity affect the health of rats. The intragastric application of laurel and myrtle EOs to rats for two weeks affects weight loss, reduces glycolytic activity, lipid parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)) and atherogenic indicators, leading to cardiovascular protection. Laurel EO can be an excellent candidate for the treatment of drug-induced obesity and related diseases, since it affects lipid metabolism in the liver and inhibits the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates into glucose in the digestive tract, leading to weight loss. In contrast, myrtle EO shows a better antioxidant capacity in most tissues, except kidneys, where it causes a pro-oxidative effect, compared to laurel EO. Myrtle EO increases the permeability and instability of the erythrocyte membrane, resulting in a loss of selectivity for the entry of toxic substances into the cell. On the other hand, myrtle EO leads to intestinal inflammation by reducing the number of probiotic bacteria and increasing Enterobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyana Odeh
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.O.); (D.Đ.)
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.O.); (D.Đ.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-(0)-1-4877-735
| | - Marija Berendika
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (S.D.D.)
| | - Domagoj Đikić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.O.); (D.Đ.)
| | - Sandra Domjanić Drozdek
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (S.D.D.)
| | - Sandra Balbino
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.R.); (V.D.-U.)
| | - Maja Repajić
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.R.); (V.D.-U.)
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.R.); (V.D.-U.)
| | - Irena Landeka Jurčević
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Food Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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11
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Ančić D, Oršolić N, Odeh D, Tomašević M, Pepić I, Ramić S. Resveratrol and its nanocrystals: A promising approach for cancer therapy? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 435:115851. [PMID: 34971666 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been a significant research interest in nanocrystals as a promising technology for improving the therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as resveratrol. Little is known about the interaction of nanocrystals with biological tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of resveratrol (RSV) and its nanocrystals (NANO-RSV) as antitumor agents in Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT)-bearing mice and the interaction of nanocrystals with biological tissue through biochemical and histological changes of kidney, liver and EAT cells. After intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 × 106 cells into the abdominal cavity of mice, treatment of animals was started next day by injecting RSV or NANO-RSV at a dose of either 25 or 50 mg/kg every other day for 14 days. The results show that the administration of resveratrol and its nanocrystals lead to significant reductions in the proliferation of tumour cells in the abdominal cavity, and a reduction of the number of blood vessels in the peritoneum, with low systemic toxicity. In histopathological examinations, greater hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis, hepatic fibrosis around the central vein and degeneration with minor fatty change were observed with RSV than with NANO-RSV. Inflammation with proximal tubular necrosis and renal glomerulus swelling were also observed, together with slight elevation of several biochemical parameters in both the RSV and NANO-RSV groups. In order to increase the beneficial effects and reduce risks associated with resveratrol nanocrystals, additional factors such as dose, genetic factors, health status, and the nature of the target cells should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ančić
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Ksaverska cesta 4, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dyana Odeh
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Tomašević
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pepić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Ramić
- Department of Pathology, University Cancer Hospital, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Ilica 197, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Novak J, Butorac K, Leboš Pavunc A, Banić M, Butorac A, Lepur A, Oršolić N, Tonković K, Bendelja K, Čuljak N, Lovrić M, Šušković J, Kos B. A Lactic Acid Bacteria Consortium Impacted the Content of Casein-Derived Biopeptides in Dried Fresh Cheese. Molecules 2021; 27:160. [PMID: 35011392 PMCID: PMC8746304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to define a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that will bring added value to dried fresh cheese through specific probiotic properties and the synthesis of bioactive peptides (biopeptides). The designed LAB consortium consisted of three Lactobacillus strains: S-layer carrying Levilactobacillus brevis D6, exopolysaccharides producing Limosilactobacillus fermentum D12 and plantaricin expressing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum D13, and one Enterococcus strain, Enterococcus faecium ZGZA7-10. Chosen autochthonous LAB strains exhibited efficient adherence to the Caco-2 cell line and impacted faecal microbiota biodiversity. The cheese produced by the LAB consortium showed better physicochemical, textural and sensory properties than the cheese produced by a commercial starter culture. Liquid chromatography coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF) showed the presence of 18 specific biopeptides in dried fresh cheeses. Their identification and relative quantification was confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The results also showed that their synthesis resulted mainly from β-casein and also α-S1 casein degradation by proteolytic activities of the LAB consortium. The designed LAB consortium enhanced the functional value of the final product through impact on biopeptide concentrations and specific probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Novak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Martina Banić
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Ana Butorac
- BICRO Biocentre Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Adriana Lepur
- BICRO Biocentre Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Krešo Bendelja
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nina Čuljak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Marija Lovrić
- BICRO Biocentre Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
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13
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Oršolić N, Sirovina D, Odeh D, Gajski G, Balta V, Šver L, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Efficacy of Caffeic Acid on Diabetes and Its Complications in the Mouse. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113262. [PMID: 34071554 PMCID: PMC8199327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia contribute to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to deleterious complications, such as nephropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiac dysfunction, and target major organs in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on mouse weight and survival, serum level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid parameters and atherogenic indices, oxidative damage in blood, liver and kidney tissue, pathophysiological changes and their function markers in healthy and alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced in mice with a single intravenous injection of alloxan (75 mg kg−1). Two days later, CA (50 mg kg−1) was given intraperitoneally for seven days in diabetic mice. Diabetes affected glucose level, lipid profile, hematological and biochemical parameters, induced DNA damage and apoptotic/necrotic death in whole blood cells, liver and kidney, leading to weight loss and a decreased lifespan. CA treatment of diabetic mice revealed a protective effect on the liver and kidney, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and high protection against atherogenic outcomes. The obtained results suggest that CA is a safe and potent agent against diabetes that acts as an effective antioxidant in reducing serum glucose, lipid profile and atherogenic indices, leading to increased lifespan in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.S.); (D.O.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Damir Sirovina
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.S.); (D.O.); (V.B.)
| | - Dyana Odeh
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.S.); (D.O.); (V.B.)
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Vedran Balta
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.S.); (D.O.); (V.B.)
| | - Lidija Šver
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Jakopovic B, Oršolić N, Kraljević Pavelić S. Antitumor, Immunomodulatory and Antiangiogenic Efficacy of Medicinal Mushroom Extract Mixtures in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Animal Model. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215005. [PMID: 33126765 PMCID: PMC7663060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to frequent drug resistance and/or unwanted side-effects during conventional and targeted cancer treatments, development of multi-target therapies is an important research field. Medicinal mushrooms’ isolated specific compounds and mushroom extracts have been already proven as non-toxic multi-target inhibitors of specific oncogenic pathways, as well as potent immunomodulators. However, research on antitumor effects of multiple-species extract mixtures was limited so far. The aim of this study was therefore, a study of medicinal mushroom preparations AGARIKON.1 and AGARIKON PLUS on colorectal cell lines in vitro and colorectal mice model in vivo. We found a significant antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of tested medicinal mushroom preparations on colorectal (HCT-116, SW620) tumor cell lines, while the effect on human fibroblast cell line (WI-38) was proliferative emphasizing a specificity towards tumor cell lines. We further investigated the effect of the medicinal mushroom preparations AGARIKON.1 and AGARIKON PLUS in various combinations with conventional cytostatic drug 5-fluorouracil in the advanced metastatic colorectal cancer mouse model CT26.WT. AGARIKON.1 and AGARIKON PLUS exhibited immunostimulatory and antiangiogenic properties in vivo which resulted in significantly increased survival and reduction in tumor volume. The antitumor effects of AGARIKON.1 and AGARIKON PLUS, with or without 5-fluorouracil, are based on M1 macrophage polarization enhancement, inhibition of M2 and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization, effects on T helper cell Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profiles, direct inhibition of CT26.WT tumor growth, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) modulation. The administration of AGARIKON.1 and AGARIKON PLUS did not show genotoxic effect. This data provides good basis for an expanded translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Jakopovic
- Dr Myko San—Health from Mushrooms Co., Miramarska cesta 109, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Divison of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +385-1-4877-747; Fax: +385-1-4826-260
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Ulica Viktora cara Emina 5, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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15
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Jakopovic B, Horvatić A, Klobučar M, Gelemanović A, Grbčić P, Oršolić N, Jakopovich I, Kraljević Pavelić S. Treatment With Medicinal Mushroom Extract Mixture Inhibits Translation and Reprograms Metabolism in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Animal Model as Evidenced by Tandem Mass Tags Proteomics Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1202. [PMID: 32973493 PMCID: PMC7472604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer type in both males and females, with about 35% of patients being diagnosed in stage IV metastatic disease. Despite advancements in treatment, life expectancy in patients with metastatic disease is still not satisfying. Due to frequent drug resistance during conventional and targeted cancer treatments, the development and testing of multi-target therapies is an important research field. Medicinal mushrooms specific isolated compounds as well as complex extract mixtures have been studied in depth, and many mushroom species have been proven to be non-toxic multi-target inhibitors of specific oncogenic pathways, as well as potent immunomodulators. In this study, we have performed a tandem mass tags qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses of CT26.WT colon cancer tumor tissues from Balb/c mice treated with the studied medicinal mushroom extract mixture, with or without 5-fluorouracil. Besides significantly improved survival, obtained results reveal that Agarikon.1 alone, and in combination with 5-fluorouracil exert their anticancer effects by affecting several fundamental processes important in CRC progression. Bioinformatic analysis of up- and downregulated proteins revealed that ribosomal biogenesis and translation is downregulated in treatment groups, while the unfolded protein response (UPR), lipid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) are upregulated. Moreover, we found that many known clinical biomarkers and protein clusters important in CRC progression and prognosis are affected, which are a good basis for an expanded translational study of the herein presented treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Horvatić
- Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Klobučar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Petra Grbčić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Zubčić K, Radovanović V, Vlainić J, Hof PR, Oršolić N, Šimić G, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 Signalling Are Involved in Quercetin-Mediated Neuroprotection against Copper-Induced Injury. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:9834742. [PMID: 32733640 PMCID: PMC7369662 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9834742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper, a transition metal with essential cellular functions, exerts neurotoxic effects when present in excess by promoting production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the present study was to investigate potential benefits of flavonoid quercetin against copper-induced toxicity. Results obtained with MTT assay indicate that the effects of quercetin are determined by the severity of the toxic insult. In moderately injured P19 neuronal cells, concomitant treatment with 150 μM quercetin improved viability by preventing ROS formation, caspase-3 activation, and chromatin condensation. Western blot analysis revealed that quercetin reduced copper-induced increase in p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression and promoted upregulation of nucleoside diphosphate kinase NME1. Levels of p53 and Bax proteins were not affected by both copper and quercetin. UO126 and wortmannin, inhibitors of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways, respectively, prevented neuroprotective effects of quercetin. In severely injured neurons, 30 μM quercetin exerted strong prooxidative action and exacerbated cytotoxic effects of copper, whereas 150 μM quercetin failed to affect neuronal survival. These results demonstrate the dual nature of quercetin action in copper-related neurodegeneration. Hence, they are relevant in the context of considering quercetin as a possible therapeutic for neuroprotection and imply that detailed pharmacological and toxicological studies must be carried out for natural compounds capable of acting both as antioxidants and prooxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Zubčić
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Radovanović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vlainić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Butorac K, Banić M, Novak J, Leboš Pavunc A, Uroić K, Durgo K, Oršolić N, Kukolj M, Radović S, Scalabrin S, Žučko J, Starčević A, Šušković J, Kos B. The functional capacity of plantaricin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum SF9C and S-layer-carrying Lactobacillus brevis SF9B to withstand gastrointestinal transit. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:106. [PMID: 32430020 PMCID: PMC7236188 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated the functional capacity of plantaricin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum SF9C and S-layer-carrying Lactobacillus brevis SF9B to withstand gastrointestinal transit and to compete among the gut microbiota in vivo. Considering the probiotic potential of Lb. brevis SF9B, this study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of Lb. plantarum SF9C and their potential for in vivo colonisation in rats, which could be the basis for the investigation of their synergistic functionality. Results A plantaricin-encoding cluster was identified in Lb. plantarum SF9C, a strain which efficiently inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC® 19111™ and Staphylococcus aureus 3048. Homology-based three-dimensional (3D) structures of SF9C plantaricins PlnJK and PlnEF were predicted using SWISS-MODEL workspace and the helical wheel representations of the plantaricin peptide helices were generated by HELIQUEST. Contrary to the plantaricin-producing SF9C strain, the S-layer-carrying SF9B strain excluded Escherichia coli 3014 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium FP1 from the adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Finally, PCR-DGGE analysis of the V2–V3 regions of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the transit of the two selected lactobacilli through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Microbiome profiling via the Illumina MiSeq platform revealed the prevalence of Lactobacillus spp. in the gut microbiota of the Lactobacillus-treated rats, even on the 10th day after the Lactobacillus application, compared to the microbiota of the healthy and AlCl3-exposed rats before Lactobacillus treatment. Conclusion The combined application of Lb. plantarum SF9C and Lb. brevis SF9B was able to influence the intestinal microbiota composition in rats, which was reflected in the increased abundance of Lactobacillus genus, but also in the altered abundances of other bacterial genera, either in the model of healthy or aberrant gut microbiota of rats. The antibacterial activity and capacity to withstand in GIT conditions contributed to the functional aspects of SF9C and SF9B strains that could be incorporated in the probiotic-containing functional foods with a possibility to positively modulate the gut microbiota composition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Banić
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Novak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Uroić
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Durgo
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Kukolj
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Simone Scalabrin
- IGA Technology Services srl, via Jacopo Linussio 51, Udine, Italy
| | - Jurica Žučko
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Starčević
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Radovanović V, Vlainić J, Hanžić N, Ukić P, Oršolić N, Baranović G, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Neurotoxic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis in the Presence of Copper Ions is Mediated through Enhanced Production of ROS and Stimulation of caspase-3/7 Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050273. [PMID: 31096598 PMCID: PMC6563224 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated amounts of copper are considered to be contributing factor in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases as they promote oxidative stress conditions. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against copper-induced neuronal damage. In cultured P19 neuronal cells, EEP exacerbated copper-provoked neuronal cell death by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and through the activation of caspase-3/7 activity. EEP augmented copper-induced up-regulation of p53 and Bax mRNA expressions. Neurotoxic effects of EEP were accompanied by a strong induction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression and decrease in the expression of c-fos mRNA. SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) prevented detrimental effects of EEP, whereas SP600125, an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), exacerbated EEP-induced neuronal cell death. Quercetin, a polyphenolic nutraceutical, which is usually present in propolis, was also able to exacerbate copper-induced neuronal death. Our data indicates a pro-oxidative and apoptotic mode of EEP action in the presence of excess copper, wherein ROS/p53/p38 interactions play an important role in death cascades. Our study also pointed out that detailed pharmacological and toxicological studies must be carried out for propolis and other dietary supplements in order to fully recognize the potential adverse effects in specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Radovanović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 100000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Josipa Vlainić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 100000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nikolina Hanžić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 100000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petra Ukić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Goran Baranović
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 100000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Brozović G, Oršolić N, Rozgaj R, Knežević F, Knežević AH, Maričić M, Krsnik D, Benković V. Sevoflurane and isoflurane genotoxicity in kidney cells of mice. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 68:228-235. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA damage and repair in kidney cells of Swiss albino mice after repeated exposure to sevoflurane and isoflurane and compare their detrimental effects. We used the alkaline comet assay to establish the genetic damage and measured three parameters: tail length, tail moment, and tail intensity of comets. These parameters were measured immediately after exposure to the above mentioned inhalation anaesthetics, two hours, six hours, and 24 hours later and were compared with the control group. Mean values of all three parameters were significantly higher in experimental groups compared to the control group. DNA damage in kidney cells of mice exposed to sevoflurane increased continuously before it reached its peak 24 hours after exposure. Isoflurane induced the highest DNA damage two hours after exposure. Levels of DNA damage recorded 24 h after cessation of exposure to both tested compounds suggest that sevoflurane was slightly more genotoxic than isoflurane to kidney cells of mice. According to these results, the currently used volatile anaesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane are able to damage DNA in kidney cells of mice. Such findings suggest a possibility for similar outcomes in humans and that fact must be taken into account in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Brozović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek , Croația
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Reanimatology and ICU, University Hospital for Tumours, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ružica Rozgaj
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Fabijan Knežević
- Department of Pathology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Anica Horvat Knežević
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Martina Maričić
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Reanimatology and ICU, University Hospital for Tumours, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Dajana Krsnik
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Vesna Benković
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
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Oršolić N, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Terzić S. Honey and quercetin reduce ochratoxin A-induced DNA damage in the liver and the kidney through the modulation of intestinal microflora. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1313819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropharmacology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Sirovina D, Oršolić N, Gregorović G, Končić MZ. Naringenin ameliorates pathological changes in liver and kidney of diabetic mice: a preliminary study. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 67:19-24. [PMID: 27092635 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of naringenin, a flavonoid found in grapefruit, orange, and tomato, on lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys of alloxan-induced diabetic mice were investigated. Two days after alloxan injection (75 mg kg-1, i.v.), naringenin ethanolic solution (0.5 % v/v) was given to mice intraperitoneally (50 mg kg-1 per day) for seven days. Naringenin's impact on lipid peroxidation was measured by the 2-thiobarbituric acid test and histopathological changes were examined under a light microscope. Naringenin administration resulted in a significant decrease of lipid peroxidation level in liver and kidney tissue, as well as in a decreased number of vacuolated liver cells and degree of vacuolisation. Indications of tissue repair in kidney suggested that amelioration of diabetes-induced renal damage could be achieved over a longer period of time. Findings suggest that naringenin could be considered a dietary supplement in the prevention or treatment of diabetic complications and other diseases connected with oxidative stress, and gives a hope that it could show similar effects in the treatment of diabetes in humans.
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Teofilović NK, Bihi M, Stojković MR, Tumir LM, Ester K, Kralj M, Majhen D, Oršolić N, Lepur A, Vrbanec D, Markotić A, Dembić Z, Weber ANR, Piantanida I, Vugrek O, Diken M, Knežević J. 1-ethyl-3-(6-methylphenanthridine-8-il) urea modulates TLR3/9 activation and induces selective pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1530-1537. [PMID: 28254484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the nucleic acid binding capacity of phenanthridine derivatives (PHTs). Because nucleic acids are potent inducers of innate immune response through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and because PTHs bear a structural resemblance to commonly used synthetic ligands for TLR7/8, we hypothesized that PHTs could modulate/activate immune response. We found that compound M199 induces secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in human PBMCs and inhibits TLR3/9 activation in different cellular systems (PBMCs, HEK293 and THP-1 cell lines).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Damir Vrbanec
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alemka Markotić
- University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Dembić
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH, Mainz, Germany
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Zorić N, Kopjar N, Kraljić K, Oršolić N, Tomić S, Kosalec I. Olive leaf extract activity against Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis - the in vitro viability study. Acta Pharm 2016; 66:411-21. [PMID: 27383889 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2016-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Olive leaf extract is characterized by a high content of polyphenols (oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and their derivatives), which is associated with its therapeutic properties. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the antifungal activity of olive leaf extract against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and C. dubliniensis CBS 7987 strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extract were determined by several in vitro assays. The extract showed a concentration depended effect on the viability of C. albicans with MIC value of 46.875 mg mL-1 and C. dubliniensis with MIC value 62.5 mg mL-1. Most sensitive methods for testing the antifungal effect of the extracts were the trypan blue exclusion method and fluorescent dye exclusion method while MIC could not be determined by the method according to the EUCAST recommendation suggesting that herbal preparations contain compounds that may interfere with this susceptibility testing. The fluorescent dye exclusion method was also used for the assessment of morphological changes in the nuclei of treated cells. According to the obtained results, olive leaf extract is less effective against the tested strains than hydroxytyrosol, an olive plant constituent tested in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Zorić
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia (HALMED) 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Kraljić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science Division of Biology 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Tomić
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia (HALMED) 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia (HALMED) 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Oršolić N, Karač I, Sirovina D, Kukolj M, Kunštić M, Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Štajcar D. Chemotherapeutic potential of quercetin on human bladder cancer cells. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2016; 51:776-781. [PMID: 27149655 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1170465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to improve local bladder cancer control, we investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of quercetin on human bladder cancer T24 cells. The cytotoxic effect of quercetin against T24 cells was examined by MTT test, clonogenic assay as well as DNA damaging effect by comet assay. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of quercetin on the primary culture of papillary urothelial carcinoma (PUC), histopathological stage T1 of low- or high-grade tumours, was investigated. Our analysis demonstrated a high correlation between reduced number of colony and cell viability and an increase in DNA damage of T24 cells incubated with quercetin at doses of 1 and 50 µM during short term incubation (2 h). At all exposure times (24, 48 and 72 h), the efficacy of quercetin, administered at a 10× higher dose compared to T24 cells, was statistically significant (P < 0.05) for the primary culture of PUC. In conclusion, our study suggests that quercetin could inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation of human bladder cancer cells by inducing DNA damage and that quercetin may be an effective chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for papillary urothelial bladder cancer after transurethral resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Oršolić
- a Department of Animal Physiology , Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ivo Karač
- a Department of Animal Physiology , Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Damir Sirovina
- a Department of Animal Physiology , Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Marina Kukolj
- a Department of Animal Physiology , Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Martina Kunštić
- a Department of Animal Physiology , Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Goran Gajski
- b Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- b Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Damir Štajcar
- c Urology Department , General Hospital Varaždin, Varaždin , Croatia
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Brzović-Šarić V, Landeka I, Šarić B, Barberić M, Andrijašević L, Cerovski B, Oršolić N, Đikić D. Levels of selected oxidative stress markers in the vitreous and serum of diabetic retinopathy patients. Mol Vis 2015; 21:649-64. [PMID: 26120270 PMCID: PMC4462954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In diabetes, an impaired antioxidant defense system contributes to the development of diabetic retinopathy. The main objective of this paper was to find correlations of oxidative stress parameters within and between the vitreous and serum in patients with type 2 diabetes who had developed proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS The study included and compared two groups of patients who underwent vitrectomy: 37 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative retinopathy (PDR), and 50 patients with non-diabetic eye disorders (NDED). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), advanced oxidized protein product (AOPP), and oxidative stress markers (direct lipid hydroperoxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)) were measured in the vitreous and serum of both groups and correlated with one another, between humoral compartments and with gender, age, and serum glucose levels. RESULTS In the vitreous of PDR patients, VEGF, LPO, and MDA (p<0.05) were increased and SOD values were slightly lowered (p<0.05) than in NDED patients. Vitreous AOPP and GSH showed no differences between the groups. In the serum, AOPP, MDA, and SOD were increased (p<0.05) and VEGF was slightly increased (p<0.05) in the PDR group compared to NDED. With regard to gender, similar changes were recorded for both groups, except for the lower serum MDA in males than females in the NDED group. Advanced age showed no significant effect on changes of measured parameters in the vitreous. In the serum, VEGF was positively correlated (p<0.05) and MDA and SOD negatively correlated (p<0.05) with increasing age. Among measured parameters within and between the vitreous and serum, several correlative links occurred in the PDR group that were not present in the NDED group. The most prominent correlation changes were between serum LPO and vitreal LPO, serum SOD and vitreal LPO, serum LPO and serum SOD, and vitreal VEGF and serum SOD. CONCLUSIONS Among the selected oxidative stress markers, SOD and LPO were highly correlative in both the vitreous and serum in PDR compared to patients without metabolic disorders. Their correlations suggested that monitoring their mutual alterations might be informative during PDR development and should be considered in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlatka Brzović-Šarić
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh Clinical Hospital, Sveti Duh 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Landeka
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borna Šarić
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh Clinical Hospital, Sveti Duh 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Barberić
- Medical Diagnostics Laboratory, Sveti Duh Clinical Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Andrijašević
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh Clinical Hospital, Sveti Duh 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Đikić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Vlainić J, Radovanović V, Erhardt J, Oršolić N. Effects of copper overload in P19 neurons: impairment of glutathione redox homeostasis and crosstalk between caspase and calpain protease systems in ROS-induced apoptosis. Biometals 2014; 27:1303-22. [PMID: 25216733 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Copper, a transition metal with essential biological functions, exerts neurotoxic effects when present in excess. The aim of the present study was to better elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms of CuSO4 toxicity in differentiated P19 neurons. Exposure to 0.5 mM CuSO4 for 24 h provoked moderate decrease in viability, accompanied with barely increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3/7 activity. Glutathione (GSH) and ATP contents were depleted, lactate dehydrogenase inactivated, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase overexpressed. In severely damaged neurons exposed to only two times higher concentration, classical caspase-dependent apoptosis was triggered as evidenced by marked caspase-3/7 activation and chromatin condensation. Multifold increase in ROS, together with very pronounced ATP and GSH loss, strongly suggests impairment of redox homeostasis. At higher copper concentration protease calpains were also activated, and neuronal injury was prevented in the presence of calpain inhibitor leupeptin through the mechanism that affects caspase activation. MK-801 and nifedipine, inhibitors of calcium entry, and H-89 and UO126, inhibitors of PKA and ERK signaling respectively, exacerbated neuronal death only in severely damaged neurons, while ROS-scavenger quercetin and calcium chelator BAPTA attenuated toxicity only at lower concentration. In a dose-dependent manner copper also provoked transcriptional changes of genes involved in intracellular signaling and induction of apoptosis (p53, c-fos, Bcl-2 and Bax). The obtained results emphasize differences in triggered neuronal-death processes in a very narrow range of concentrations and give further insight into the molecular mechanisms of copper toxicity with the potential to improve current therapeutic approaches in curing copper-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropharmacology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia,
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Oršolić N, Car N. Quercetin and hyperthermia modulate cisplatin-induced DNA damage in tumor and normal tissues in vivo. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6445-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Lisičić D, Benković V, Ðikić D, Blažević AS, Mihaljević J, Oršolić N, Knežević AH. Addition of propolis to irinotecan therapy prolongs survival in ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014; 29:62-9. [PMID: 24383762 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2013.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated possible synergistic action of anticancer drug Irinotecan (IRI) combined with ethanolic (EEP) and water-soluble (WSDP) derivate of propolis on Swiss albino mice injected with Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT). For survival analysis mice were administered WSDP and EEP (100 mg/kg) daily for 3 consecutive days, beginning on 3rd day after EAT cell (1×10⁶) injection. IRI was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg on days 1, 13, and 19. We simultaneously studied peripheral white blood cell count, cell types washed from the peritoneal cavity, functional activity of macrophages from peritoneal cavity, and the level of primary DNA damage in leukocytes, kidney, and liver cells using the alkaline comet assay. Three out of 9 mice per group survived the entire duration of the experiment (90 days) in groups treated with IRI combined with WSDP and EEP. All test components increased survival of mice by 7.53% to 231.54%. Combined treatment with IRI and/or WSDP and EEP significantly decreased percentage of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity as compared to nontreated EAT-injected mice. All treated animals had significantly higher percentage of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity in comparison to nontreated EAT-injected mice. We observed significantly higher value of DNA damage in leukocytes of mice treated with IRI and combination of IRI and/or WSDP and EEP as compared to nontreated EAT-injected mice, while the same treatment decreased DNA damage in kidney. Our results showed that addition of propolis to IRI treatment enhanced antitumor activity of IRI and prolongs survival in EAT-bearing mice, which definitely deserve further studies to clarify the possible mechanisms of antitumor actions of combined herb-drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duje Lisičić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia
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Oršolić N, Skurić J, Dikić D, Stanić G. Inhibitory effect of a propolis on di-n-propyl disulfide or n-hexyl salycilate-induced skin irritation, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in mice. Fitoterapia 2013; 93:18-30. [PMID: 24370661 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thermal imaging has been utilised, both preclinically and clinically, as a tool for assessing inflammation. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterised by hyperkeratosis, dermal inflammatory infiltrate and increased angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of thermography in psoriatic lesion regression after topical treatment with bee propolis, recognised as potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. METHODS We monitored the inflammation process induced by irritants such as n-Hexyl salycilate (HXS) or Di-n-Propyl Disulfide (PPD) by histopatological assessment of the skin, thermographic scanning, total number of inflammatory cells in the peritoneal cavity, differential analysis of cells in the peritoneal cavity, macrophage spreading index, haematological and biochemical parameters, frequencies of micronucleated reticulocytes, lipid peroxidation and glutathione assay in the skin. RESULTS Topically applied ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) with HXS or PPD reduced the lipid peroxidation in the skin and total number of inflammatory cells in the skin and peritoneal cavity, functional activity of macrophages, the number of micronuclei in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes and enzymatic activity of ALP and AST. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that topical application of EEP may improve psoriatic-like skin lesions by suppressing functional activity of macrophages and ROS production. Taken together, it is suggested that EEP can safely be utilised in the prevention of psoriasis-related inflammatory changes without causing any toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jadranka Skurić
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Sveti Duh General Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Dikić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gabrijela Stanić
- Department of Pathology, Sveti Duh General Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
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Oršolić N, Car N, Lisičić D, Benković V, Knežević AH, Dikić D, Petrik J. Synergism between propolis and hyperthermal intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin on ehrlich ascites tumor in mice. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:4395-405. [PMID: 24136132 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated antitumor, genotoxic, chemopreventive, and immunostimulative effects of local chemoimmunotherapy and hyperthermal intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in a mouse-bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT). Mice were treated with water-soluble derivative of propolis (WSDP) at a dose of 50 mg kg(-1) , 7 and 3 days before implantation of EAT cells, whereas cisplatin (5 or 10 mg kg(-1) ) was injected 3 days after implantation of EAT cells at 37°C and 43°C. The following variables were analyzed: the total number of cells, differential count of the cells present in the peritoneal cavity, functional activity of macrophages, comet assay, and micronucleus assay. The combination of WSDP + CIS 5 mg kg(-1) at 37°C resulted in tumor growth inhibition and increased the survival of mice by additional 115.25%. WSDP with HIPEC increased the survival of mice by additional 160.3% as compared with HIPEC. WSDP reduced cisplatin toxic and genotoxic effect to normal cells without affecting cisplatin cytotoxicity on EAT cells. In addition, WSDP with HIPEC increased the cytotoxic actions of macrophages to tumor cells. Water-soluble derivative of propolis increases macrophage activity and sensitivity of tumor cells to HIPEC and reduces cisplatin toxicity to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
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Lisičić D, Đikić D, Benković V, Horvat Knežević A, Oršolić N, Tadić Z. Biochemical and hematological profiles of a wild population of the nose-horned viper Vipera ammodytes (Serpentes: Viperidae) during autumn, with a morphological assessment of blood cells. Zool Stud 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1810-522x-52-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Oršolić N, Sirovina D, Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Kosalec I. Assessment of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in diabetic mice: effects of propolis and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Mutat Res 2013; 757:36-44. [PMID: 23859956 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing recognition that polyphenolic compounds present in many plants and natural products may have beneficial effects on human health. Propolis - a substance produced by honeybees - and catechins in tea, in particular (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are strong antioxidants that appear to have anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. The present study was designed to elucidate the anti-diabetic effect of the water-soluble derivative of propolis (WSDP), which contains phenolic acids as the main compounds, and EGCG in alloxan-induced (75mg/kg, iv) diabetes in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of EGCG or propolis at doses of 50mg/kg body weight (bw) to diabetic mice for a period of 7 days resulted in a significant increase in body weight and in haematological/immunological blood parameters, as well as in 100% survival of the mice. A significant decrease in lipid peroxidation in liver, kidney and brain tissue was also observed in diabetic mice treated with these two agents. Additionally, EGCG and propolis clearly reduced DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of diabetic mice. Our studies demonstrate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of WSDP and EGCG, which could exert beneficial effects against diabetes and the associated consequences of free-radical formation in kidney, liver, spleen and brain tissue. The results suggest that dietary supplementation with WSDP or EGCG could potentially contribute to nutritional strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Abstract
Effects of flavonoids quercetin and chrysin on lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes in liver of diabetic mice were studied and compared with the antioxidant and reducing ability of quercetin and chrysin and their ability to chelate Fe2+ ions in vitro. Diabetes was induced in Swiss albino mice with a single intravenous injection of alloxan (75 mg kg−1). Two days after alloxan injection, flavonoid preparations (50 mg kg−1 per day) were given intraperitoneally for 7 days in diabetic mice. The lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring the malondialdehyde production using the 2-thiobarbituric acid test. Administration of quercetin and chrysin to diabetic mice resulted in a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation level in liver tissue. Treatment of diabetic mice with flavonoids solutions results in decreased number of vacuolated cells and degree of vacuolization of the liver tissue. The protective role of flavonoids against the reactive oxygen species–induced damages in diabetic mice gives a hope that they may exert similar protective action in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Sirovina
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N. Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M. Z. Končić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G. Kovačević
- Division of Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V. Benković
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G. Gregorović
- Division of Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Čipak Gašparović A, Vuković L, Vlainić J, Žarković N, Oršolić N. Quercetin supplementation: insight into the potentially harmful outcomes of neurodegenerative prevention. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:1185-97. [PMID: 23073654 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidant supplements have been considered for the prevention of neuronal oxidative injury and death. Recent studies indicate that excessive antioxidants could exert adverse effects, thereby questioning the safety of prolonged supplementation. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of quercetin (up to 150 μM), the ubiquitous plant-derived flavonoid and highly potent scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on healthy P19 neurons, in order to assess the efficacy and safety of its long-term use in neurodegenerative prevention. Although exposure for 24 h to quercetin did not compromise neuronal survival, morphological examination revealed diminished neuronal branching, a finding probably related to an observed decrease in lactate dehydrogenase activity. Using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and dot-blot analysis, we found reduced basal levels of ROS and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, confirming the antioxidative mechanism of quercetin action. Unexpectedly, quercetin also depleted intracellular glutathione content. Reverse transcriptase PCR and western blot analysis showed depletion of total RNA amount and changes in the expression of cell survival regulating genes Bcl-2, p53, and c-fos. Nuclear condensation and caspase-3/7 activity, phenomena related to programmed cell death cascade, were not affected. The potential risk of observed changes indicates that quercetin-enriched supplements should be taken with caution. The diversity of quercetin effects and complexity of possible intracellular interactions between affected genes pointed out the necessity for additional pharmacological and toxicological studies in order to better elucidate the mechanisms of quercetin action and to recognize its potential side effects at higher doses and during long-term administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropharmacology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Knežević AH, Đikić D, Lisičić D, Kopjar N, Oršolić N, Karabeg S, Benković V. Synergistic Effects of Irinotecan and Flavonoids on Ehrlich Ascites Tumour-Bearing Mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 109:343-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oršolić N, Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Dikić D, Prskalo ZŠ, Sirovina D. DNA-protective effects of quercetin or naringenin in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 656:110-8. [PMID: 21277296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a high production of reactive oxygen species, which may cause oxidative DNA damage. High levels of genomic damage have been associated with liver and renal failure as well as immune-system decline. Flavonoids are effective antioxidants and may protect against several chronic diseases including diabetes. This study used the comet assay to assess the levels of DNA damage in the blood, liver and kidney cells in untreated and quercetin (QU) or naringenin treated diabetic mice. In addition, the study was designed to establish whether QU or naringenin might have a biological effect in protecting diabetic mice against oxidative stress by using survival studies to observe total body injury at the level of the organism. QU or naringenin were injected to mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 50mg/kg for 7days starting 2days after a single dose (75mg/kg, i.v.) alloxan injection. These findings suggest that QU or naringenin treatment resulted in a significant increase in the body weight, the haematological and immunological parameters of blood, as well as leading to 100% survival of diabetic mice. The tested flavonoids have protective effects against alloxan-induced DNA-damage in peripheral lymphocytes but not in the liver and kidney cells of diabetic mice. It might be hypothesised that diabetic mice with a high intake of flavonoid-rich foods, and specifically foods rich in quercetin or naringenin, might be relatively protected against long-term complications of diabetes due to decreased oxidative stress. Various co-operative and synergistic action mechanisms of the tested flavonoids may lead to the protection of the whole organism against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Dikić D, Zidovec-Lepej S, Remenar A, Bendelja K, Benković V, Horvat-Knežević A, Brozović G, Oršolić N. Effects of prometryne on apoptosis and necrosis in thymus, lymph node and spleen in mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 27:182-186. [PMID: 21783937 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Prometryne is a methylthio-s-triazine herbicide. Significant traces are documented in environment, mainly waters, soil and plants used for nutrition. The aim of this study was to estimate prometryne immunotoxic properties through induction of apoptotic and/or necrotic changes in thymocytes, splenocytes and lymph node cells after repeated subchronical exposure. Three different doses of prometryne (185, 375, 555mgkg(-1)) were applied per os every 48h, over 28 days. Flow cytometry assay (annexinV-FITC and PI) was conducted to record apoptotic and necrotic damage. In the spleen significant changes in the percentage of apoptotic cells were not detected between treated and control groups respectively. In thymus and lymph node, within the lowest dose group (185mgkg(-)1), an increase in percentage of early apoptosis without any significant increase in necrosis was detected. Medium (375mgkg(-1)) as well as high dose triggered increase in late apoptosis in lymph node while in thymus; late apoptosis was increased only in animals exposed to the highest dose (555mgkg(-1)). The highest applied dose, in thymus and lymph node respectively, caused a general decrease in percentage of vital cells in favour of marked increase of percentages of all types of dying cells (apoptotic, late apoptotic/early necrotic and necrotic). Prometryne caused disbalance in major organs of immune system, markedly lymph nodes and thymus, by induction of early apoptotic changes in dose/time specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Dikić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Department of Animal Physiology, Biology Division, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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