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Chaves T, Azevedo Á, Caldas IM. Cheiloscopy in sex estimation: a systematic review. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:280-292. [PMID: 37243840 PMCID: PMC10944408 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence to clarify if cheiloscopy can be used in sex estimation and identify the reasons behind the lack of consensus in the scientific community. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and then the study data were collected. The risk of bias in each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The results of the articles eligible for analysis were synthesized using a descriptive approach. In the 41 included studies, several methodological flaws and variations between studies that contribute to the discrepancy in results were identified. The data gathered allowed us to conclude that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the use of cheiloscopy in sex estimation, as there is no specific pattern for each sex, which reduces the criminalistic interest of cheiloscopy in estimating this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Chaves
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Azevedo
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Morais Caldas
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal.
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Vanguru R, Pasupuleti S, Manyam R, Supriya AN, Shrishail BS, Yoithapprabhunath TR. Analysis of Inheritance patterns, gender dimorphism and their correlation in lip and palm prints - A cross-sectional study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:130-137. [PMID: 37234319 PMCID: PMC10207223 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_535_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Forensic sciences deal with key areas to be included in judicial makeup that has been approved by both the court and the scientific community, which distinguishes truth from counterfeit. Lip and palmprints are one of a kind and do not change during the lifetime of a person unless any pathologies. Objectives To evaluate the heritability, and gender dimorphism of lip and palm prints among parents and their offspring. Methods A total of 280 participants were included in the study. Lip and palm prints were collected from participants using a digital camera. The photographic data obtained is subjected to Adobe Photoshop and analysed for inheritance. Gender dimorphism is evaluated by the predominant lip pattern and palm ridge count in four designated areas. Results A positive resemblance of 28.4% was found between parents and offspring in lips, and for the right palm, it was 60.2% and 55.12% for the left palm (principal lines) which are statistically insignificant. In all six quadrants, the most predominant lip pattern found in males is type 5, and in females, type 11. The mean palm ridge density was significantly higher among females than males in all designated areas. Conclusion The digital method of analysing lip and palm print images with Adobe Photoshop 7 software is a convenient method that allows for better visualisation and easier lip and palm print recording and identification. Considerable inheritance patterns and gender dimorphism were observed that aid in personal identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviteja Vanguru
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swetha Pasupuleti
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ravikanth Manyam
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Franco A, Lima LKG, de Oliveira MN, de Andrade Vieira W, Blumenberg C, Costa MM, Paranhos LR. The weak evidence of lip print analysis for sexual dimorphism in forensic dentistry: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24192. [PMID: 34921209 PMCID: PMC8683473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of lip print patterns among males and females, and to test the diagnostic accuracy of lip pattern analysis for sexual dimorphism in forensic dentistry. A systematic literature review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in six primary databases and three databases to cover part of the grey literature. Observational and diagnostic accuracy studies that investigated lip print patterns through cheiloscopy for sexual dimorphism were selected. Risk of bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. Proportion meta-analysis using random effects was fitted to pool the accuracy of cheiloscopy. The odds of correctly identifying males and females was assessed through a random effects meta-analysis. GRADE approach was used to assess certainty of evidence. The search found 3,977 records, published between 1982 and 2019. Seventy-two studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis (n = 22,965 participants), and twenty-two studies were sampled for meta-analysis. Fifty studies had low risk of bias. Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's technique was the most prevalent among studies. The accuracy of sexual dimorphism through cheiloscopy ranged between 52.7 and 93.5%, while the pooled accuracy was 76.8% (95% CI = 65.8; 87.7). There was no difference between the accuracy to identify males or females (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.26; 1.99). The large spectrum of studies on sexual dimorphism via cheiloscopy depicted accuracy percentage rates that rise uncertainty and concern. The unclear performance of the technique could lead to wrong forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademir Franco
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Murilo Navarro de Oliveira
- School of Dentistry, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Walbert de Andrade Vieira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Cauane Blumenberg
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Márcio Magno Costa
- Division of Removable Prosthesis and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Division of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2G, sala 1, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil.
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Braga S, Pereira ML, Sampaio-Maia B, Caldas IM. Characterization of lip prints in a Portuguese twins' population. THE JOURNAL OF FORENSIC ODONTO-STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:40-46. [PMID: 33174536 PMCID: PMC8559899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lip print patterns are referred to as unique to each individual, but controversy exists surrounding twins. In this study, the lip prints of 19 pairs of monozygotic and 47 pairs of dizygotic twins were studied. The left lower lip was photographed and the furrows were classified using Renaud's classification. Results showed the same lip pattern was found only in one monozygotic pair (5.3%) and in 4 dizygotic pairs (8.5%), and no significant statistical differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). In monozygotic twins only type C furrows presence displayed statistical significant differences (p=0.034). As for dizygotic twins, there were statistical significant differences in the frequency of type A (p=0.005) and type G furrows (p=0.018). As for the most common types, both groups displayed a higher prevalence of vertical furrows (type B: 97.4% and 96.8%, type A: 86.8% and 87.2%, in monozygotic and dizygotic, respectively). The least frequent furrow type was type I and type E in monozygotic (2.6% and 5.3%, respectively) and types E, F and I, in dizygotic (6.4%, 7.4%. and 7.4%, respectively). Our results seem to point out that lip print patterns should be useful carefully in twins' identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Braga
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - M L Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - B Sampaio-Maia
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - I M Caldas
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Thermadam TP, Chatra L, Ahsan A. Cheiloscopy in gender determination: A study on 2112 individuals. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1386-1390. [PMID: 32509620 PMCID: PMC7266203 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1046_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lip prints are seen to remain the same for an individual throughout his/her life. Cheiloscopy can be used as an effective tool in the identification of the persons from pieces of evidence that may be left behind from lip prints. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the current research was to evaluate the predominant lip groove pattern among Calicut population, Kerala. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 2112 individuals (1056 males and 1056 females) in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala. Lipstick was used to record the lip groove patterns and the patterns were visualized by magnifying lens after the institutional ethical clearance and informed consent from the individual. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software 22.0. RESULTS Among the study population, Type 1', Type 1, Type 4, and Type 5 were found to be common lip groove patterns. Males showed predominance on Type 1' and Type 1 lip groove patterns, whereas females showed predominance on Type 4 and Type 5 lip groove patterns. The results were similar when analyzed on upper and lower lips separately on males and females. CONCLUSION Cheiloscopy is a reliable tool in personal identification and gender determination of an individual. The geographical prevalence of lip groove patterns was reported in the current research and is added to the database of the anthropological data. Studies in different geographical regions will add lip groove patterns on the database in the future and henceforth the potential of cheiloscopy could be further utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Peter Thermadam
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Laxmikanth Chatra
- Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Auswaf Ahsan
- Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India
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Involvement of Nrf2 in Ocular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1703810. [PMID: 28473877 PMCID: PMC5394909 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1703810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human body harbors within it an intricate and delicate balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Any disruption in this checks-and-balances system can lead to harmful consequences in various organs and tissues, such as the eye. This review focuses on the effects of oxidative stress and the role of a particular antioxidant system—the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway—on ocular diseases, specifically age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Together, they are the major causes of blindness in the world.
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