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Garrett B, Caulfield T, Musoke R, Murdoch B, Tang X, Lam JST. Demographic and psychometric predictors associated with engagement in risk-associated alternative healthcare behaviours. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291016. [PMID: 37733748 PMCID: PMC10513319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper builds on prior work exploring the use of risk-associated alternative healthcare (RAAH) in Canada. RAAH uptake was surveyed to explore the characteristics of adult RAAH users and the value of established psychometric instruments previously used in alternative healthcare studies in predicting RAAH behaviours: the Control Beliefs Inventory (CBI), the Reward Responsiveness Behavioural Activation System (RBAS) scale, the Positive Attitudes to Science (PAS) scale, the Satisfaction with Orthodox Medicine (SOM) scale, and the brief version of the Susceptibility to Persuasion-II (StP-II-B) scale. Findings suggest RAAH is influenced by gender, age, income, education, employment, chronic illness status, and ethnicity. Engagement in some form of RAAH was common (around 40%) and the most common types of RAAH use reported were physical manipulation and herbal/nutritional supplement use. Other higher-risk AH activities (such as use of toxins and physically invasive procedures) were also reported by about 5% of respondents. The StP-II-B and PAS instruments were predictive of the likelihood of engagement in RAAH behaviours, as illustrated by higher risk tolerance, desire for novelty, positive attitude to advertising and social influence, and positive beliefs about science. The CBI, RBAS, and SOM instruments were not predictive overall. However, the CBI and SOM instruments were predictive of engagement with physical manipulative RAAH activities, while the RBAS was predictive of herbal/nutritional RAAH engagement. These findings can help inform health professionals' understanding of public health-seeking behaviours with respect to risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Garrett
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy Caulfield
- Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Musoke
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Blake Murdoch
- Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xuyan Tang
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joyce S. T. Lam
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Wang YY, Fan HW, Huang XM, Jiao Y. Disseminated Staphylococcus aureus infection after scarification wet cupping therapy: a case report and literature review. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:94. [PMID: 36997976 PMCID: PMC10061885 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cupping therapy is a complementary and alternative medical therapy used especially in pain management. It is generally considered a safe procedure, but complications, including life-threatening infection, may still occur. Understanding these complications is essential to safe and evidence-based use of cupping in practice. CASE PRESENTATION Here we report a rare case of disseminated Staphylococcus aureus infection after cupping therapy. After wet cupping, a 33-year-old immunocompetent woman developed fever, myalgia, and a productive cough accompanied by acute liver and kidney injury, iliopsoas abscess, and gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient was treated successfully with cefmetazole plus levofloxacin after microbiological and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. CONCLUSIONS Though rarely reported, clinicians, practitioners of cupping therapy, and patients should be aware of the risk of infection after cupping therapy. High hygiene standards are recommended for cupping therapy, even in immunocompetent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Yang Wang
- Department of General Internal Medicine (General Practice), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing St., Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hong-Wei Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Huang
- Department of General Internal Medicine (General Practice), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing St., Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of General Internal Medicine (General Practice), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing St., Beijing, 100730, China.
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Garrett B, Caulfield T, Murdoch B, Brignall M, Kapur AK, Murphy S, Nelson E, Reardon J, Harrison M, Hislop J, Wilson‐Keates BJ, Anthony J, Loewen PS, Musoke RM, Braun J. A taxonomy of risk-associated alternative health practices: A Delphi study. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:1163-1181. [PMID: 34041822 PMCID: PMC9291966 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Defining alternative health care and the recording of associated adverse events and harm remains problematic. This Canadian study aimed to establish and classify risk-associated alternative health practices in a Delphi study undertaken with an interdisciplinary panel of 17 health experts in 2020. It provides a new functional definition of alternative health care and an initial taxonomy of risk-associated alternative health care practices. A number of risk-associated practices were identified and categorized into general practices that conflict with biomedical care or largely untested therapies, alternative beliefs systems, physical manipulative alternative therapies, and herbal and nutritional supplements. Some risk significant harms including major physical injuries or even death. The lack of systematic methods for recording adverse events in alternative health care makes establishing the frequency of such events challenging. However, it is important that people engaging with alternative health care understand they are not necessarily risk-free endeavours, and what those risks are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Garrett
- School of NursingUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Timothy Caulfield
- Faculty of LawHealth Law InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Blake Murdoch
- Faculty of LawHealth Law InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | | | | | - Susan Murphy
- Department of Physical TherapyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Erin Nelson
- Faculty of LawHealth Law InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Jillian Reardon
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Mark Harrison
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHEOS)St. Paul’s HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Jonathan Hislop
- Family MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | | | - Joseph Anthony
- Department of Physical TherapyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Peter S. Loewen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Richard M. Musoke
- School of Population and Public HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Joan Braun
- Bora Laskin Faculty of LawLakehead UniversityThunder BayONCanada
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Ribeiro BMDSS, da Silva VA, Boaretto JP, Freitas IRS, Dalri RDCDMB, Martins EAP. Reflections on biosafety in acupuncture. Rev Bras Med Trab 2020; 18:109-112. [PMID: 32783012 DOI: 10.5327/z1679443520200456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupuncture is an integrative and complementary practice for which biosafety standards are essential. Objective To elicit a reflection on biosafety in acupuncture to reduce occupational hazards associated with infection as adverse effect for both provider and patient. Methods The present theoretical essay is grounded on references intentionally selected from June through October 2019. Results Infection is the adverse effect most frequently reported for acupuncture practice, which involves considerable risk of microorganism inoculation. Provider awareness should be raised to comply with biosafety principles and thus ensure their and patient safety without any negative implications for the effectiveness of treatment. Conclusion We recommended providers to adopt universal biosafety practices during acupuncture procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Araujo da Silva
- Nursing, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Curitibanos (SC), Brazil. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Nursing Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Jucelei Pascoal Boaretto
- Nursing, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - Londrina (PR), Brazil. Universidade Estadual de Londrina Nursing Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brazil
| | - Iria Roberta Staut Freitas
- Nursing, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - Londrina (PR), Brazil. Universidade Estadual de Londrina Nursing Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brazil
| | | | - Eleine Aparecida Penha Martins
- Nursing, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - Londrina (PR), Brazil. Universidade Estadual de Londrina Nursing Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brazil
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Abstract
Cupping is an ancient medical therapy with a modern-day resurgence. This practice has been referred to in the ancient Egyptian papyri and the writings of Hippocrates and Galen. We attempt to bridge the past with the present by showcasing a series of ancient Greek coins from different mints depicting medical cupping vessels and dating as far back as the 4th century bce. This practice has not been sufficiently studied in randomized controlled trials, and a standardized procedure does not exist. The dermatologist may see the consequences of this practice in the office, as it is a complementary medical technique supposed to treat a variety of ailments from joint pain to menstrual problems and leaves a very characteristic morphology. We have showcased three coins of historic numismatic and medical interest that depict ancient cupping vessels. This is the first time these coins have been presented together. A literature search was also performed to outline the theories of the mechanism of action of cupping and to compile a list of reported dermatologic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Ashton
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa School of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Irina Nocivin
- Foundation Doctor, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egertin Rd, Guildford, United Kingdom SE1 7EH
| | - Richard Hj Ashton
- Editor (Ancient) of The Numismatic Chronicle, c/o Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum, London, UK WC1B 3DG
| | - Nicholas Levell
- Consultant Dermatologist & Research Lead: Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, UK
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Cheatham SW, Baker R, Kreiswirth E. INSTRUMENT ASSISTED SOFT-TISSUE MOBILIZATION: A COMMENTARY ON CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATION PROFESSIONALS. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2019; 14:670-682. [PMID: 31440416 PMCID: PMC6670063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Instrument assisted soft-tissue mobilization (IASTM) has become a popular myofascial intervention for sports medicine professionals. Despite the widespread use and emerging research, a consensus on clinical standards, such as a describing the intervention, indications, precautions, contraindications, tool hygiene, safe treatment, and assessment, does not exist. There is a need to develop best practice standards for IASTM through a universal consensus on these variables. The purpose of this commentary is to discuss proposed clinical standards and to encourage other sports medicine professionals and researchers to contribute their expertise to the development of such guidelines. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Al-shuwaikh A, Hanna D, Ali Z. Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 IgG Antibody in Healthy Blood Donor from Baghdad, Iraq. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2019; 13:1017-1023. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wang G, Xu N, Yang L, Zheng F, Sai L, Zhou J, Yang S. Community acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia discitis: Diagnosis aided by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 81:1-3. [PMID: 30684744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of culture negative L4-L5 discitis and epidural abscess in an immunocompetent child who had dry cupping therapy performed to treat low back strain. The causative pathogen was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by shotgun metagenomic sequencing of spinal cord aspirate after more than one month of unsuccessful empirical treatment with 6 different antibiotics. The patient was successfully treated with Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and minocycline. Cupping therapy is a very popular medical procedure widely used in China, but the potential risk for severe infections such as discitis and epidural abscess described in this case should be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Nannan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lintao Sai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- IngeniGen XunMinKang Biotechnology Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangxin Yang
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Vashi NA, Patzelt N, Wirya S, Maymone MBC, Zancanaro P, Kundu RV. Dermatoses caused by cultural practices: Therapeutic cultural practices. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 79:1-16. [PMID: 29908818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With globalization and widespread immigration, physicians increasingly encounter patients from varying backgrounds and diverse customs. Although certain cultural practices are widely performed, there is limited medical literature describing their dermatologic and systemic effects and complications. Population diversity and sharing of traditions make it increasingly important for dermatologists to understand the role of cultural practices and recognize physiologic and pathologic sequelae. In addition, dermatologists are often adjured to assess skin findings that may be mistaken for abuse. Child abuse misdiagnosis can be traumatizing to all those involved, and immigrant families with limited English proficiency may have difficulty explaining their traditional practices. The first article of this 2-part continuing medical education series begins with a review of therapeutic cultural practices, including traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion, and coining, and the clinically relevant complications that may occur. Therapeutic practices can cause a range of complications, including contact dermatitis, heavy metal toxicity, and severe cutaneous adverse reactions.
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Kim KH, Kim TH, Hwangbo M, Yang GY. Anaemia and Skin Pigmentation after Excessive Cupping Therapy by An Unqualified Therapist in Korea: A Case Report. Acupunct Med 2018; 30:227-8. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2012-010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A case is reported of skin pigmentation and associated anemia resulting from persistently repeated cupping therapies performed by an unqualified practitioner in South Korea. Almost 30 sessions of excessive cupping therapies with blood loss over two months yielded little benefit but led the patient to admit a hospital and receive blood transfusion for acquired iron deficiency anemia. Skin pigmentation on the cupping-attached region remained without any subjective discomfort. We suggest the importance of qualified health professionals when receiving cupping treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hyung Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Acupuncture, Moxibustion & Meridian Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min Hwangbo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology & Dermatology, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Gi Young Yang
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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Soliman Y, Hamed N, Khachemoune A. Cupping in dermatology: a critical review and update. Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina Pannonica et Adriatica 2018. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2018.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rozenfeld E, Kalichman L. New is the well-forgotten old: The use of dry cupping in musculoskeletal medicine. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2016; 20:173-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim TH, Kang JW, Park WS. The Reporting Quality of Acupuncture-Related Infections in Korean Literature: A Systematic Review of Case Studies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015:273409. [PMID: 26612992 DOI: 10.1155/2015/273409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Acupuncture is generally accepted as a safe intervention when it is administered in appropriate clinical setting by well-educated and experienced practitioners. In this study, we reviewed observational studies on adverse events (AEs) or complications relevant to acupuncture practice in Korean literature for assessing their reporting quality and suggested recommendations for future ones on acupuncture-related infections. Method. Electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, Korean studies Information Service System, DBpia, National Digital Science Library, and Korean National Assembly Library were searched until May 2015. Combination of keywords including "acupuncture" and "infection" were used for searching databases. Result. A total of 23 studies from 2,739 literature articles were identified from electronic database searching until May 2015. From this review, we found that most case studies did not report enough information for judging causality between acupuncture and the AEs (or complications) as well as appropriateness of the acupuncture practice. In addition, acupuncture experts rarely participated in the reporting of these AEs (or complications). Conclusion. Based on these limitations, we suggest a tentative recommendation for future case studies on acupuncture-related infection. We hope that this recommendation would contribute to the improvement of the reporting quality of acupuncture-related AEs (or complications) in the future.
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Mehta P, Dhapte V. Cupping therapy: A prudent remedy for a plethora of medical ailments. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5:127-34. [PMID: 26151023 PMCID: PMC4488563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM; bǔ chōng yǔ tì dài yī xué) have played an important role in human health and welfare. Many therapeutic approaches in healthcare outside the realm of conventional medicine persist in various parts of the world. There is considerable scientific and commercial potential in CAM, which needs to be explored precisely. Cupping therapy ( bá guàn liáo fǎ), one of the CAM, is practiced across the world. This therapy is believed to act by correcting imbalances in the internal bio field, such as by restoring the flow of "Qi (qì)". Cupping involves applying a heated cup to generate a partial vacuum that mobilizes the blood flow and promotes effective healing. This review outlines various tools and techniques of cupping therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Mehta
- Department of Quality Assurance, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Vividha Dhapte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
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Hernández Leal L, Torres Tascón LF. Evaluación sobre la seguridad de la acupuntura en 297.168 punturas. Rev Fac Med 2015. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v62n3.40853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Kim T, Kim KH, Choi J, Lee MS. Adverse events related to cupping therapy in studies conducted in Korea: A systematic review. Eur J Integr Med 2014; 6:434-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nielsen A, Kligler B, Koll BS. Addendum: Safety Standards for Gua sha (press-stroking) and Ba guan (cupping). Complement Ther Med 2014; 22:446-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Nielsen A, Kligler B, Koll BS. Safety protocols for Gua sha (press-stroking) and Baguan (cupping). Complement Ther Med 2012; 20:340-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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