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Moré CR, Moré RAS, Boullosa D, Dellagrana RA. Influence of Intensity on Post-Running Jump Potentiation in Recreational Runners vs. Physically Active Individuals. J Hum Kinet 2024; 90:137-150. [PMID: 38380299 PMCID: PMC10875703 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/172268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in jumping and sprinting after two endurance volume-equated running protocols with different intensities, in runners vs. active individuals. Nine recreational runners (age: 34.5 ± 9.3 years, body mass: 73.1 ± 11.9 kg, body height: 1.76 ± 0.06 m, 17.4 ± 4.4 %body fat; maximum aerobic speed [MAS]: 16.4 ± 1.0 km•h-1), and 9 active individuals (age: 34.1 ± 9.4 years; body mass: 83.2 ± 7.7 kg; body height: 1.79 ± 0.06 m; 25.6 ± 5.4 %body fat; MAS: 13.3 ± 1.2 km•h-1) volunteered for participation. The evaluations were performed over three days as follows: 1) anthropometric measures, physical fitness tests, and the University of Montreal Track Test (UMTT) to determine MAS and the distance to be covered in the running protocols; 2 and 3) the countermovement jump (CMJ) and the flying 20-m sprint (SPRINT) were assessed pre- and post-running at 70% of MAS or a time trial race (TTR), equated by volume and completed in random order. A three-way ANOVA (time*group*running) was performed to analyze the PAPE effects. The results showed a time effect (F = 10 .716; p < 0.01) and a group*running interaction (F = 12.094; p < 0.01) for the CMJ, indicating that active individuals demonstrated PAPE after running at 70% of MAS, while for runners both running interventions (70% of MAS and TTR) induced PAPE in CMJ performances. For the SPRINT, a time*group interaction (F = 4.790; p = 0.044) and a group effect were observed, with runners showing greater SPRINT performances than active individuals. From the current results, it can be suggested that training background and intensity can modulate PAPE responses in jumping and sprinting after volume-equated running protocols at different intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Rafael Moré
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Boullosa
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Rodolfo André Dellagrana
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Dos Santos Silva D, Boullosa D, Moura Pereira EV, de Jesus Alves MD, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Badicu G, Yagin FH, Aidar FJ, Dos Santos LF, do Nascimento HR, Ardigò LP, de Souza RF. Post-activation performance enhancement effect of drop jump on long jump performance during competition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16993. [PMID: 37813947 PMCID: PMC10562427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Drop jump is widely used in training sessions, aiming for chronic effects on long jump performance. However, the acute effect of drop jump on long jump performance through its use as a Conditioning Activity (CA) has not been explored. The objective of this study was to verify the Post-activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) responses induced by successive Drop Jumps (DJ) on competitive long jump performance. Eleven male jumpers (19.0 ± 2.0 years; 178.0 ± 9.0 cm; 73.1 ± 8.9 kg; and personal record 5.78 ± 0.44 m) volunteered for participation. The athletes performed 5 drop jumps 2 min (1'45-2'15 min) before the second, and fourth attempt during official competition of state level, the attempts without the use of CA were considered controls. The performance of the second (5.63 ± 0.43 m), third (5.65 ± 0.46, g = 0.24) and fourth (5.71 ± 0.34 m) jumps performed after activation were higher than the first (5.54 ± 0.45 m) in the control condition, p = 0.02, and p = 0.01 respectively. Differences were also found in the take-off vertical velocity of the jump between the fourth (1.55 ± 0.21) and the first jump (1.30 ± 0.40), p = 0.006. Jump performance showed positive correlation with approach velocity, r = 0.731, vertical take-off velocity, r = 0.412, and take-off duration, r = 0.508. The mean performance in jumping post-activation (5.67 ± 0.38 m) was higher than that without the use of previous CA (5.59 ± 0.44 m), p = 0.02, g = 0.19. The use of DJs as a CA prior to the long jump promotes improvements in the performance of the jump, which can be explained by the increase in the take-off vertical velocity in the athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devisson Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Research and Development Department, iLOAD Solutions, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Micael Deivison de Jesus Alves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Graduate Program, Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania.
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Leila Fernanda Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports-GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
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3
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Singh U, Connor JD, Leicht AS, Brice SM, Doma K. Acute effects of prior conditioning activity on change of direction performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1701-1717. [PMID: 38124253 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2293556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the acute effects of prior conditioning activity (CA) on change of direction (COD) performance. Eligible studies, involving healthy participants undergoing acute CA with at least one measure of COD performance, were analysed across diverse databases. A total of 34 studies were included for systematic review with 19 studies included for the meta-analysis. The intervention condition resulted in significantly faster (Z = 4.39; standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.49; p < 0.05) COD performance compared with the control condition. Both unloaded and light loaded CA resulted in significantly greater (SMD = 0.58-0.59) COD performance compared to the control condition. Moreover, heavy loaded CA demonstrated a significant but small (SMD = 0.24) improvement in COD performance compared to the control condition. Age and study design had no effect on the overall meta-analysis outcomes. Both males and females exhibited similar moderate effects with CA but only males demonstrated significantly greater COD performance compared to control conditions. Our findings indicate that a range of CA protocols can acutely improve COD performance with unloaded and light-loaded CA resulting in the greatest performance enhancements. These findings will assist practitioners with the design and implementation of appropriate acute CA to improve COD performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Singh
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Connor
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Anthony S Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara M Brice
- Physical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Kenji Doma
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Ewertowska P, Świtała K, Grzyb W, Urbański R, Aschenbrenner P, Krzysztofik M. Effects of whole-body vibration warm-up on subsequent jumping and running performance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7411. [PMID: 37150765 PMCID: PMC10164738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether acute whole-body vibration, a single bout of drop jumps, or a combination of both may enhance countermovement jump (CMJ) and would affect volitional pace 3 km running performance. Twelve healthy and recreationally active males completed 4 conditions in randomized order: (i) 5 sets of 30 s calf raises on the platform but without vibration; (ii) 5 sets of 30 s calf raises on the vibration platform with 30 s rest intervals between sets; (iii) 5 sets of 6 drop jump with a 30 s rest interval between sets; (iv) 5 sets of 30 s calf raises on the vibration platform followed by 6 drop jumps with a 30 s rest interval between sets. Before, 3-min after, and immediately after a 3 km run each participant performed CMJ. No significant difference between conditions (p = 0.327) for the 3 km time trial was found. Whereas CMJ height and relative peak power were significantly improved in post-3 km run than at baseline (p < 0.001 and p = 0.025) and post-warm-up (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002) in all conditions. The present study indicates that warm-up consisting of either whole-body vibration, drop jumps, or a combination of both failed to acutely improve CMJ and 3 km volitional pace running performance in physically active males. However, the increase in the CMJ performance was noted after the end of the 3 km run, which may indicate that the warm-up protocols used were insufficient to enhance subsequent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ewertowska
- Chair of Health and Biological Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Świtała
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grzyb
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Urbański
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Aschenbrenner
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A Str., 40-065, Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Gervasi M, Benelli P, Venerandi R, Fernández-Peña E. Relationship between Muscle-Tendon Stiffness and Drop Jump Performance in Young Male Basketball Players during Developmental Stages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17017. [PMID: 36554895 PMCID: PMC9778993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between stiffness and drop jump performance in athletes in various stages of development has yet to be fully investigated. The first aim of this study was to investigate the association between the stiffness of the patellar and quadriceps tendon (PT, QT), gastrocnemius-Achilles tendon unit (GAT), and rectus femoris (RF) using drop jump (DJ) performance in young basketball players. The second aim was to investigate possible variations in the stiffness levels of those tissues in different developmental stages. METHODS The stiffness levels of the GAT, PT, QT, and RF were measured in both limbs in 73 male basketball players aged 12 to 18 years. The reactive strength index (RSI), contact time (CT) and jump height (JH) during 30 and 40 cm DJs were also measured. RESULTS Pearson correlation coefficients showed a significant association between DJ performance and PT, QT, GAT, and RF dynamic stiffness. Moreover, the youngest subjects were found to have lower stiffness values than the older ones. CONCLUSIONS Tissue stiffness can affect athletic performance by modifying the stretch-shortening cycle in young basketball players. Stiffness of muscles and tendons increases during the maturation process. Further investigations could shed light on the effect of training on the stiffness of muscles and tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Benelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- US Victoria Libertas Basketball, 61122 Pesaro, Italy
| | | | - Eneko Fernández-Peña
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Usefulness of Surface Electromyography Complexity Analyses to Assess the Effects of Warm-Up and Stretching during Maximal and Sub-Maximal Hamstring Contractions: A Cross-Over, Randomized, Single-Blind Trial. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091337. [PMID: 36138816 PMCID: PMC9495372 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to apply different complexity-based methods to surface electromyography (EMG) in order to detect neuromuscular changes after realistic warm-up procedures that included stretching exercises. Sixteen volunteers conducted two experimental sessions. They were tested before, after a standardized warm-up, and after a stretching exercise (static or neuromuscular nerve gliding technique). Tests included measurements of the knee flexion torque and EMG of biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles. EMG was analyzed using the root mean square (RMS), sample entropy (SampEn), percentage of recurrence and determinism following a recurrence quantification analysis (%Rec and %Det) and a scaling parameter from a detrended fluctuation analysis. Torque was significantly greater after warm-up as compared to baseline and after stretching. RMS was not affected by the experimental procedure. In contrast, SampEn was significantly greater after warm-up and stretching as compared to baseline values. %Rec was not modified but %Det for BF muscle was significantly greater after stretching as compared to baseline. The a scaling parameter was significantly lower after warm-up as compared to baseline for ST muscle. From the present results, complexity-based methods applied to the EMG give additional information than linear-based methods. They appeared sensitive to detect EMG complexity increases following warm-up.
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Yi W, Chen C, Zhou Z, Cui W, Wang D. Acute effects of ballistic versus heavy-resistance exercises on countermovement jump and rear-hand straight punch performance in amateur boxers. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:161. [PMID: 36031611 PMCID: PMC9420262 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Ballistic and heavy-resistance exercises may potentially enhance lower body power, which is paramount for the punching performance of amateur boxers. This study aimed to determine the acute effects of ballistic exercise (BE) and heavy-resistance exercise (HRE) on countermovement jump (CMJ) and rear-hand straight punch performance in amateur boxers. Methods Ten amateur boxers performed two conditioning exercises in a randomized and counterbalanced order as follows: squat jump with 4 sets × 8 repetitions at 30% one-repetition maximum (1RM) for BE and squat with 3 sets × 5 repetitions at 80% 1RM for HRE. The jump height (JH), relative maximal force (RMF), relative maximal power (RMP) of the CMJ, punch force (PF), and punch speed (PS) of a rear-hand straight punch were measured before and 3, 6, 9, and 12 min after either BE or HRE. Results No significant condition × time interaction was found for JH (p = 0.303), RMF (p = 0.875), RMP (p = 0.480), PF (p = 0.939), and PS (p = 0.939). In addition, no main effect of the condition for JH (p = 0.924), RMF (p = 0.750), RMP (p = 0.631), PF (p = 0.678), and PS (p = 0.712). A significant main effect of time was observed for PF (p = 0.001) and PS (p = 0.001), whereas JH (p = 0.081), RMF (p = 0.141), and RMP (p = 0.430) were not. Pairwise comparison identified that PF (p = 0.031) and PS (p = 0.005) significantly increased at 9 min compared with those at baseline. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrated that BE and HRE protocols can potentiate the rear-hand straight punch performance at 9 min but bring less favorable improvements for JH, RMF, or RMP of CMJ.
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Brini S, Boullosa D, Calleja-González J, van den Hoek DJ, Nobari H, Clemente FM. Impact of combined versus single-mode training programs based on drop jump and specific multidirectional repeated sprint on bio-motor ability adaptations: a parallel study design in professional basketball players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:160. [PMID: 36002872 PMCID: PMC9404599 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Jumping and specific multidirectional repeated sprint ability are important in basketball. The objective of this study was to assess the contributions of 8-week combined versus single-mode training programs based on drop jump (DJ) and specific multidirectional repeated sprint (MRSA) on repeated sprint ability performances, body balance and lower limbs power in male professional basketball players. Methods This study followed a randomized parallel study design. Fifty-two professional male basketball players from the Tunisian first division participated in this study. The players were randomly assigned to 4 groups: DJ group (JG; n = 13), MRSA group (RSG; n = 13), combined group (COMB; n = 13) and an active control group (CON; n = 13). The JG, RSG and COMB groups completed the 8-week training programs with 2 sessions per week while the CON continues their regular basketball training. Training volume was similar between groups all over the experimental period. Before and after the intervention, the four groups were evaluated for the stork test, Y-balance test, the repeated sprint ability test (IRSA5COD), the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, the single leg drop jump test, the five time-jump test and T—change of direction (CoD) test. Results All measures displayed significant main effect, (medium/small) magnitude (effect size) improvements for time (post-test > pre-test) except the physiological parameters for IRSA5COD. Significant time × group interactions were revealed for body balance, T test, IRSA5COD (total time and best time) and jump tests (vertical/horizontal). Bonferroni corrected post-hoc tests revealed significant greater improvement in favor of RSG and COMB compared to JG for body balance, CoD and IRSA5COD. Moreover, greater improvement in CMJ, SJ and single leg DJ in favor of JG compared to the RSG. In addition, a greater CoD improvement was observed in favor of COMB when compared to the RSG. Conclusion Combined and single-mode training programs based on DJ and MRSA contributed to a significantly better performance in specific basketball physical fitness parameters with results favoring combined interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13102-022-00551-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seifeddine Brini
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel J van den Hoek
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran. .,Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto E Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial eComercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
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Zagatto AM, Claus GM, Dutra YM, de Poli RA, Lopes VHF, Goodall S, Loturco I, Boullosa D. Drop jumps versus sled towing and their effects on repeated sprint ability in young basketball players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:4. [PMID: 34983627 PMCID: PMC8729080 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the investigation was to compare the occurrence of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) after drop jumps, or heavy sled towing, and the subsequent effect on repeated sprint ability (RSA). METHODS Ten young basketball players (17 ± 1 yrs) performed, in randomized order, RSA test with changes of direction after a standardized warm up followed by drop jumps, heavy sled towing, or no exercise (control condition). Neuromuscular assessments composed of two maximal voluntary contractions of the knee extensors, peripheral nerve stimulation, and surface electromyography (EMG), responses were recorded before and immediately after the RSA. The EMG signal of leg muscles during sprinting were also recorded as well as the blood lactate concentration. RESULTS The drop jumps improved the RSA mean time (P = 0.033), total time (P = 0.031), and slowest time (P = 0.029) compared to control condition, while heavy sled towing did not change RSA outcomes (P > 0.05). All conditions exhibited a decrease of doublet high frequency stimulation force (pre-post measurement) (P = 0.023) and voluntary activation (P = 0.041), evidencing the occurrence from peripheral and central components of fatigue after RSA, respectively, but no difference was evident between-conditions. There was a significantly greater EMG activity during sprints for the biceps femoris after drop jumps, only when compared to control condition (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION Repeated drop jumps were effective to induce PAPE in the form of RSA, while heavy sled towing had no effect on RSA performance in young basketball players. Furthermore, both conditioning activities exhibited similar levels of fatigue following the RSA protocol. Thus, drop jumps may be used as an alternative to induce PAPE and thus improve performance during sprints in young male basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro M Zagatto
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, SP, CEP 17033-360, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel M Claus
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, SP, CEP 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Yago M Dutra
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, SP, CEP 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A de Poli
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, SP, CEP 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Vithor H F Lopes
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, SP, CEP 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Department of Sport, Exercise, & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Daniel Boullosa
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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