The prevalence of positive serum anticardiolipin antibodies and asymptomatic bacteriuria in women with recurrent abortions

Novel Association of Thrombophilic PROS1, PROC and CPB2 Genes Polymorphisms with Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage Women in Jordan

Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) is a gynecological complication has multifactorial etiologies including genetic factors. However, role of thrombophilic gene polymorphisms in RSA among Jordanian women is limited. This study explores the association between polymorphisms in SERPINC1, PROC, PROS1, PROZ, F5, F13A1, and CPB2 and RSA risk in Jordanian pregnant women. Blood samples were taken from 188 women with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) and 193 control subjects without a history of miscarriage. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed for polymorphisms of thrombophilic genes using Kompetitive Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction. The SNPStats tool was used to assess haplotype, genotype, and allele frequencies, with chi-square (χ²) tests employed to evaluate statistical significance. A total of seven thrombophilic genes were analyzed. The rs8178607 polymorphism in PROS1 was significantly associated with RSA in Jordanian women under the allelic (OR = 2.06, p = .014), codominant (OR = 2.05, p = .021), dominant (OR = 1.27, p = .015), and overdominant (OR = 1.91, p = .03) genetic models. Additionally, significant associations in the recessive model were observed for the rs1799810 and the rs1926447 polymorphisms in PROC (OR = 1.66, p = .038) and in CPB2 (OR = 1.89, p = .046), respectively. Our data preliminary demonstrates that the rs8178607, rs1799810, and rs1926447 genotypes of PROS1, PROC, and CPB2 respectively, are associated with an increased risk of RSA among Jordanian pregnant women. Further investigations with larger cohorts and family-based analyses are essential to elucidate the genetic variation of biochemical pathways and mechanisms influences recurrent miscarriage susceptibility.

Incidence and risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing each year and has become one of the most prominent health concerns worldwide. Patients with T2DM are prone to infectious diseases, and urinary tract infections are also widespread. Despite a comprehensive understanding of urinary tract infection (UTI), there is a lack of research regarding primary prevention strategies for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB).

OBJECTIVE

To clarify the incidence and risk factors of asymptomatic urinary tract infection in patients with T2DM by meta-analysis to provide evidence for preventing UTI. Help patients, their families, and caregivers to identify the risk factors of patients in time and intervene to reduce the incidence of ASB in patients with T2DM. Fill in the gaps in existing research.

STUDY DESIGN

Meta-analyses were conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines.

METHODS

Eleven databases were systematically searched for articles about ASB in T2DM, and the retrieval time was selected from the establishment of the database to February 5, 2023. Literature screening, quality evaluation, and meta-analysis were independently performed by two researchers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0.

RESULTS

Fourteen articles were included, including cohort and case-control studies. A meta-analysis of 4044 patients with T2DM was included. The incidence of ASB in patients with T2DM was 23.7%(95% CI (0.183, 0.291); P < 0.001). After controlling for confounding variables, the following risk factors were associated with ASB in patients with T2DM: age (WMD = 3.18, 95% CI (1.91, 4.45), I2 = 75.5%, P < 0.001), female sex (OR = 1.07, 95% CI(1.02, 1.12), I2 = 79.3%, P = 0.002), duration of type 2 diabetes (WMD = 2.54, 95% CI (1.53, 5.43), I2 = 80.7%, P < 0.001), HbA1c (WMD = 0.63, 95% CI (0.43, 0.84), I2 = 62.6,%. P < 0.001), hypertension (OR = 1.59, 95% CI (1.24, 2.04), I2 = 0%, <0.001), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.66, 95% CI (1.27, 2.18), I2 = 0%, P < 0.001), Neuropathy (OR = 1.81, 95% CI (1.38, 2.37), I2 = 0%, P < 0.001), proteinuria (OR = 3.00, 95% CI (1.82, 4.95), I2 = 62.7%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The overall prevalence of ASB in T2DM is 23.7%. Age, female sex, course of T2DM, HbA1C, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, neuropathy, and proteinuria were identified as related risk factors for ASB in T2DM. These findings can provide a robust theoretical basis for preventing and managing ASB in T2DM.

Immunological parameters of recurrent miscarriages among women in Thi-Qar province

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as the loss of pregnancy three or more consecutive times in the first and second trimester, which in some cases occurs due to immune abnormalities. This study aimed to assess some immunological parameters in women with recurrent miscarriages, including the level of antiphospholipid antibody (APA), anticardiolipin (ACA), antinuclear antibody (ANA), complement C3 and C4, and interleukine-3 (IL-3). We included 100 patients together with 100 healthy women as a control. ELIZA was used to measure some types of autoantibodies. APA and ACA significantly increased (P≤0.05) in patients compared to control. In addition, 29% of the patients were positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), while the control subjects had negative results for these autoantibodies. Regarding the complement, the serum levels of C3 and C4 were significantly elevated in the serum level of patients when compared to the control group, but in treated patients (heparin and low-dose aspirin), the levels of the complement (C3 and C4) showed a significant decrease in patients compared to total controls. Cytokine level (IL-3) significantly decreased in untreated patients 302.78 pg/ml compared to treated patients (741.57 pg/ml). Antiphospholipid antibodies are more prevalent among women with recurrent miscarriages and are also believed to be the result of abnormal autoimmune activation.

Changes in Gut Microorganism in Patients with Positive Immune Antibody-Associated Recurrent Abortion

BACKGROUND

This study is aimed at analyzing the changes in gut microorganism of patients with positive immune antibody-associated recurrent abortion using the 16s rRNA gene sequencing microbiome assay.

METHODS

The fecal samples from 20 recurrent abortion women with positive immune antibody (positive group) and 20 with negative immune antibody (negative group) were collected. After 16s rRNA gene sequencing, the obtained raw reads underwent quality filtering to obtain the clean tags and then classified into microbial genomes. All effective tags were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and the representative sequence was selected for the annotation of taxonomic information, followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses.

RESULTS

A total of 43,116 OTUs were obtained in all 40 samples. Bacteroides had the highest relative abundance in the positive group. In the negative group, Bacteroides, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella_9 had high relative abundance. Alpha diversity analysis results showed that the community richness, community diversity, and phylogenetic diversity in the positive group were higher than that in the negative group. Prevotella_9, Enterococcus, Megasphaera, and Anaerostipes presented significant differences between negative and positive groups.

CONCLUSION

The present study for the first time investigated the gut microbiome involved in positive immune antibody-associated recurrent abortion via the 16s rRNA gene sequencing microbiome assay. The genera that were significantly differential between positive and negative groups may serve as therapeutic targets for positive immune antibody-associated recurrent abortion.

Evaluation of anticardiolipin antibodies in tobacco users and non-tobacco users with severe chronic periodontal disease

Aims:

Many studies have proven that b2-glycoprotein-I-dependent anticardiolipin is elevated in periodontal diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome, which are usually associated with high antiphospholipid antibodies, are more prone to adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular sequelae. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate IgG, IgM anticardiolipin antibodies in tobacco users and non-tobacco users with severe chronic periodontal disease.

Materials and Methods:

Based on the Armitage classification, 2000, 40 severe periodontitis (group D) (mean clinical attachment loss greater than 2.5 mm) male patients were selected for the study with the age range of 35–65 years and good general health from the Department of periodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai. They were classified as smokers (20 subjects) and non-smokers (20 subjects). Blood samples were collected and IgG, IgM antibodies were semi-quantitatively analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data thus collected were statistically analyzed by independent student's t-test.

Results:

Results showed that smokers with severe periodontitis exhibited marked increase in anticardiolipin IgG, IgM compared to non-smokers. They showed a positive correlation and statistical significance (P < 0.0001) between mean clinical attachment loss and IgG and IgM values.

Conclusions:

Results showed a rise in anticardiolipin antibodies in smokers with severe periodontitis, which indicates that these patients are more prone to coronary heart disease.