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Alkhawaldeh O, Jarrar Y, Gharaibeh M, Abudahab S, Abulebdah D, Jarrar B. Alterations in the gene expression of SARS-COV-2 entry receptors and enzymes in lungs and hearts of controlled and uncontrolled diabetic mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:328-340. [PMID: 37950353 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the host cell is carried out by specific receptors and enzymes, including human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and cathepsin-L (CTSL). COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), are more prone to severe symptoms and have a higher risk of mortality. AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the impact of controlled and uncontrolled type 1 DM (T1DM) on the gene expression of mouse Ace2, Tmprss2, and Ctsl and correlate it with the pathological alterations in the lungs and the heart of DM mice. METHODS Balb/c mice were administered a single dose of 240 mg/kg streptozocin to induce T1DM. The blood glucose level was measured to confirm the induction of DM. Normalization of blood glucose levels in T1DM mice was achieved using 0.1 mL/kg Mixtard® insulin therapy. The mice's lungs and hearts were harvested, and the mRNA was extracted and converted to cDNA. The gene expression of Ace2, Tmprss2, Ctsl, Cyp4a11, and Adrb1 genes, which play a role in the homeostasis of lungs and hearts, were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The pathological alterations in the hearts and lungs induced by T1DM were evaluated using the relative heart and lung weights, in addition to the pathohistological examination. RESULTS After inducing T1DM for 14 days, we observed a significant reduction in the total weight of uncontrolled DM (UDM) mice (P < 0.05). Pathohistological examination of UDM lung tissues revealed thickening of the alveolar walls with narrowing of the surface of the alveolar sacs. Additionally, we found that UDM mice exhibited downregulation of Ace2 gene expression (P < 0.05) in their lungs, while both UDM and control DM (CDM) mice showed upregulation of Ctsl gene expression in their hearts (P < 0.05). Notably, Cyp4a12 gene expression was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) in UDM mice but returned to normal levels in CDM mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude from this study that T1DM downregulates Ace2 receptor and Cyp4a12 gene expression, which is correlated with the thickening of alveolar walls and narrowing of the surface of alveolar sacs in the lungs. Insulin administration for controlling T1DM ameliorated these pathological alterations. These results can help increase our understanding of the impact of controlled and uncontrolled T1DM on the lungs and may explain, at least in part, why DM patients with COVID-19 experience exacerbation of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohood Alkhawaldeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Munir Gharaibeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara Abudahab
- Deparment of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Dina Abulebdah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bashir Jarrar
- Nanobiology Unit, Department of Biology, College of Science, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
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Jarrar Q, Ayoub R, Jarrar Y, Jaffal H, Goh KW, Ming LC, Moshawih S, Sirhan A. Unveiling the antinociceptive mechanisms of Methyl-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-benzoxazoleacetate: insights from nociceptive assays in mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:2068-2083. [PMID: 38497888 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methyl-2-(4-chloro- phenyl)-5-benzoxazoleacetate (MCBA), a synthetic benzoxazole derivative with established antipsoriatic efficacy, was investigated for potential antinociceptive effects. This study employs various nociceptive assays in mice to elucidate MCBA's antinociceptive mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS MCBA's antinociceptive potential was tested against various nociception models induced by formalin, glutamate, capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a protein kinase C (PKC) activator. It was then assessed using the hot plate test and examined within the acetic acid-induced writhing test. During the acetic acid-induced writhing test, MCBA was pre-challenged against selective receptor antagonists such as naloxone, caffeine, atropine, yohimbine, ondansetron, and haloperidol. It was also pre-challenged with ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor (glibenclamide) to further elucidate its antinociceptive mechanism. RESULTS The results showed that oral administration of MCBA led to a dose-dependent and significant inhibition (p < 0.05) of nociceptive effects across all evaluated models at doses of 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg. Moreover, the efficacy of MCBA's antinociceptive potential was significantly counteracted (p < 0.0001) by specific antagonists: (i) directed at adenosinergic, alpha-2 adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors using caffeine, yohimbine, and atropine, respectively; and (ii) targeting ATP-sensitive potassium channels, employing glibenclamide. Antagonists aimed at opioidergic and serotoninergic receptors (naloxone and ondansetron, respectively) had poor utility in inhibiting antinociceptive activity. Conversely, the dopaminergic receptor antagonist haloperidol potentiated locomotor abnormalities associated with MCBA treatment. CONCLUSIONS MCBA-induced antinociception involves modulation of glutamatergic-, TRVP1 receptors- and PKC-signaling pathways. It impacts adenosinergic, alpha-2 adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors and opens ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Jarrar
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan. ;
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Sunoqrot S, Abu Shalhoob M, Jarrar Y, Hammad AM, Al-Ameer HJ, Al-Awaida W. Nanoencapsulated Curcumin Mitigates Liver Injury and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes Induction in Diclofenac-Treated Mice. ACS Omega 2024; 9:7881-7890. [PMID: 38405487 PMCID: PMC10882592 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a natural product with known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. The aim of this study was to formulate CUR into a polymeric nanoparticle (NP) formulation and examine its potential hepatoprotective activity in an animal model of diclofenac (DIC)-induced hepatotoxicity. CUR was loaded into polymeric NPs composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-polycaprolactone (PEG-PCL). The optimal CUR NPs were evaluated against DIC-induced hepatotoxicity in mice, by studying the histopathological changes and gene expression of drug-metabolizing cyp450 (cyp2c29 and cyp2d9) and ugt (ugt2b1) genes in the livers of the animals. The optimal NPs were around 67 nm in diameter with more than 80% loading efficiency and sustained release. Histological findings of mice livers revealed that CUR NPs exhibited a superior hepatoprotective effect compared to free CUR, and both groups reduced DIC-mediated liver tissue injury. While treatment with DIC alone or with CUR and CUR NPs had no effect on cyp2c29 gene expression, cyp2d9 and ugt2b1 genes were upregulated in the DIC-treated group, and this effect was reversed by CUR both as a free drug and as CUR NPs. Our findings present a promising application for nanoencapsulated CUR in the treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced liver injury and the associated dysregulation in the expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhair Sunoqrot
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah
University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Abu Shalhoob
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah
University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Alaa M. Hammad
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah
University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh J. Al-Ameer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Wajdy Al-Awaida
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, American University
of Madaba, Madaba 17110, Jordan
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Al-Qerem W, Jarab A, Jarrar Y, Al-Zayadneh E, Al-Iede M, Ling J, Abu Hammour K, S Alabdullah S, Saad Alabdullah A, Al Refaie Y, Lubbad D, Alassi A, Ibrahim S, Al-Ibadah M, Al Bawab AQ. Correlation of vitamin D receptor genotypes, specific IgE levels and other variables with asthma control in children. J Asthma 2024; 61:105-118. [PMID: 37530048 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2244580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a common condition affecting millions of children globally. The main goal of this study is to assess factors related to asthma management, particularly atopy level and the impact of genetic variants of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. METHODS Asthmatic children were enrolled in an outpatient respiratory clinic. Information on patients' medication adherence, medical and medication factors, and sociodemographic were gathered. Spirometry FEV1% and FVC% measurements, and the asthma control test were used to evaluate the severity of asthma, and genotyping of the VDR gene and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) were conducted. Regression analyses were conducted to evaluate variables associated with asthma control and spirometry measures. RESULTS A total of 313 participants (67.4% males) were recruited in the current study. The mean age was 9.37 (±3.45) years. The mean score for adherence was 4.26 (±2.52), and only 46% of the participants had controlled asthma. Forward conditional stepwise binary regression showed that low and moderate Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) dose (OR= 0.42 (95% CI 0.20-0.90), p = 0.026; OR = 0.371 (95% CI 0.2-0.72), p = 0.003, respectively) decreased the odds of being in the controlled asthma group, while higher inhaler score (OR = 2.75 (95% CI 2.17-3.49, p < 0.001)) increased the odds of being in the controlled asthma group. However, results found no association between VDR genotype and asthma control, spirometry values or hospitalization due to asthma. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that many of the asthma patients had poorly controlled asthma. Factors that were associated with poor asthma control included poor inhaler technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Al-Qerem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Anan Jarab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-salt, Jordan
| | - Enas Al-Zayadneh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Montaha Al-Iede
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jonathan Ling
- Faculty of Science and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | | | | | | | - Yamam Al Refaie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dina Lubbad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ameen Alassi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sarah Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahmood Al-Ibadah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Althaher AR, Jarrar Y, Ayad Al-Ibadah M, Balasmeh R, Jarrar Q, Abulebdah D. Effects of Calamintha incana (Sm.) Helder Ethanolic Extract on the mRNA Expression of Drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the Mouse Livers. Microrna 2024; 13:MIRNA-EPUB-137665. [PMID: 38265404 DOI: 10.2174/0122115366268781231205103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration in the expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) can alter the pharmacokinetics and hence the response of the drug. Some chemicals found in herbs and fruits affect the expression of DMEs. Calamintha incana is commonly used in Middle Eastern Arabic countries. There is no report regarding the influence of Calamintha incana on the hepatic expression of DMEs. AIMS The current investigation aimed to investigate the effect of Calamintha incana consump-tion on the mRNA expression of major hepatic drug-metabolizing cytochrome (cyp) P450 genes in mice. METHODS The chemical composition of the ethanoic extract was analyzed using liquid chroma-tography/mass spectrometry. Then, 21 BALB/c mice were used for the in vivo experiment. The mice were divided into three groups, each consisting of seven mice. The first group (low-dose group) was treated with 41.6 mg/kg of Calamintha incana extract and the second group was administered the high-dose (125 mg/kg) of the extract for one month. The mice in the third "con-trol" group administrated the vehicle 20% polyethylene glycol 200. Then, the expression of cyp3a11, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and cyp1a1 was analyzed using the real-time polymerase chain reac-tion. The relative liver weights of the mice and the hepatic pathohistological alterations were assessed. RESULTS The ethanolic extract of Calamintha incana contained 27 phytochemical compounds. The most abundant compounds were linolenic acid, myristic acid, and p-cymene. It was found that the low dose of Calamintha incana extract upregulated significantly (P < 0.05) the expres-sion of cyp3a11 by more than ten folds in the liver of treated mice. Furthermore, the histological analysis showed that low- and high-dose administration of the C. incana did not cause patholog-ical alterations. CONCLUSION It can be concluded from these findings that consumption of low doses of Cala-mintha incana upregulated the mRNA expression of mouse cyp3a11 without causing histopatho-logical alterations in the livers. Further studies are needed to determine the influence of Cala-mintha incana on the pharmacokinetics and response of drugs metabolized by cyp3a11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa R Althaher
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | | | - Ruba Balasmeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Al-Isra'a University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dina Abulebdah
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
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Mosleh R, Jarrar Q, Jarrar Y, Tazkarji M, Hawash M. Medicine and Pharmacy Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice regarding Artificial Intelligence Programs: Jordan and West Bank of Palestine. Adv Med Educ Pract 2023; 14:1391-1400. [PMID: 38106923 PMCID: PMC10721701 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s433255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) programs generate responses to input text, showcasing their innovative capabilities in education and demonstrating various potential benefits, particularly in the field of medical education. The current knowledge of health profession students about AI programs has still not been assessed in Jordan and the West Bank of Palestine (WBP). Aim This study aimed to assess students' awareness and practice of AI programs in medicine and pharmacy in Jordan and the WBP. Methods This study was in the form of an observational, cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire was electronically distributed among students of medicine and pharmacy at An-Najah National University (WBP), Al-Isra University (Jordan), and Al-Balqa Applied University (Jordan). The questionnaire consisted of three main categories: sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, practice of AI programs, and perceptions of AI programs, including ChatGPT. Results A total of 321 students responded to the distributed questionnaire, and 261 participants (81.3%) stated that they had heard about AI programs. In addition, 135 participants had used AI programs before (42.1%), while less than half the participants used them in their university studies (44.2%): for drug information (44.5%), homework (38.9%), and writing research articles (39.3%). There was significantly (48.3%, P<0.005) more conviction in the use of AI programs for writing research articles among pharmacy students from Palestine compared to Jordan. Lastly, there was significantly more (53.8%, P<0.05) AI program use among medicine students than pharmacy students. Conclusion While most medicine and pharmacy students had heard about AI programs, only a small proportion of the participants had used them in their medical study. In addition, attitudes and practice related to AI programs in their education differs between medicine and pharmacy students and between WBP and Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Mariam Tazkarji
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Al-Kazimi N, Jarrar Y, Abdul-Wahab G, Alsayed AR, Madani A, Abulebdah D, Musleh RS, Jarrar Q, Al-Ameer HJ, Al-Awaida W, Abdullah E. Effects of intermittent fasting on the histology and mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the liver of diabetic mice. Libyan J Med 2023; 18:2270188. [PMID: 37883503 PMCID: PMC11018316 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2023.2270188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction:There is a variation in drug response among patients who practice intermittent fasting. Alteration in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) can affect the pharmacokinetics and drug response.Aims: This research aimed to determine the effect of intermittent fasting on the mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the liver of diabetic mice.Methods: Thirty-two male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups; control, nonfasting diabetic, non-diabetic fasting, and diabetic fasting mice. Insulin-dependent diabetes was induced in mice by a single high-dose (250 mg/kg) streptozocin. Mice of non-diabetic and diabetic fasting groups were subjected to 10-day intermittent fasting for 17 hours daily. Then, the mRNA expression of mouse phase I DMEs cyp1a1, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and cyp3a11 was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the liver of mice in all groups was examined for pathohistological alterations.Results: Diabetes downregulated the mRNA expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing cyp450s in diabetic mice, while intermittent fasting significantly (P < 0.05) increased it. Also, cyp2d9 and cyp3a11 were upregulated in the liver of diabetic fasting mice. These alterations in the gene expression were correlated with the pathohistological alterations, where livers of diabetic mice showed dilatation in the blood sinusoids and inflammatory cells leukocyte infiltrations. Whereas livers of diabetic fasting mice showed almost comparable histological findings to control mice.Conclusions: Intermittent fasting can protect the liver against diabetes-induced hepatotoxicity and the down-regulation of DME genes in the diabetic liver. These results can explain, at least partly, the inter-individual variation in the drug response during practicing fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Al-Kazimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Ghasaq Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmad R. Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Madani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dina Abulebdah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Salem Musleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wajdy Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Eman Abdullah
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
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Alhammadin G, Jarrar Y, Madani A, Lee SJ. Exploring the Influence of VDR Genetic Variants TaqI, ApaI, and FokI on COVID-19 Severity and Long-COVID-19 Symptoms. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1663. [PMID: 38138892 PMCID: PMC10744884 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of vitamin D in the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene affect the response to vitamin D and have been linked to various diseases. This study investigated the associations of the major VDR genetic variants ApaI, FokI, and TaqI with the severity and long post-infection symptoms of COVID-19. In total, 100 Jordanian patients with confirmed COVID-19 were genotyped for the VDR ApaI, FokI, and TaqI variants using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. COVID-19 severity, the most commonly reported long-COVID-19 symptoms that lasted for >4 weeks from the onset of infection, and other variables were analyzed according to VDR genetic variants. In this study, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms showed no significant associations with COVID-19 severity (p > 0.05). However, a significant association was detected between the TaqI polymorphism and the severity of symptoms after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (p = 0.04). The wild-type TaqI genotype was typically present in patients with mild illness, whereas the heterozygous TaqI genotype was present in asymptomatic patients. With regard to long-COVID-19 symptoms, the VDR heterozygous ApaI and wild-type TaqI genotypes were significantly associated with persistent fatigue and muscle pain after COVID-19 (p ˂ 0.05). Most carriers of the heterozygous ApaI genotype and carriers of the wild-type TaqI genotype reported experiencing fatigue and muscle pain that lasted for more than 1 month after the onset of COVID-19. Furthermore, the TaqI genotype was associated with persistent shortness of breath after COVID-19 (p = 0.003). Shortness of breath was more common among individuals with homozygous TaqI genotype than among individuals with the wild-type or heterozygous TaqI genotype. VDR TaqI is a possible genetic variant related to both COVID-19 severity and long-COVID-19 symptoms among Jordanian individuals. The associations between VDR TaqI polymorphisms and long-COVID-19 symptoms should be investigated in larger and more diverse ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghayda’ Alhammadin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (G.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Abdalla Madani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (G.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 50834, Republic of Korea
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Ghanim M, Mosleh R, Hamdan A, Amer J, Alqub M, Jarrar Y, Dwikat M. Assessment of Perceptions and Predictors Towards Consanguinity: A Cross-Sectional Study from Palestine. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:3443-3453. [PMID: 38024133 PMCID: PMC10656848 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s433506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Consanguinity represents a biological relationship between two individuals. In clinical genetics, it specifically refers to the marriage between individuals who are second cousins or closer. The aim of the study is to assess perceptions and their predictors among the Palestinian population towards consanguinity. Methods A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample was collected using convenience and snowball sampling methods, yielding a sample of 1008 participants. The perceptions towards consanguinity and its predictors were assessed using Chi-square test. Results The prevalence of consanguinity among married participants was 18.7% (N = 81/432), while it was 28.8% among their parents. Consanguinity rate was significantly low among the young age group (ie, <47 years old) and among participants whose mothers have undergraduate educational levels (P < 0.05). Other factors like parental consanguinity, educational level of participants, their father's educational level, and residency place showed no significant associations (P > 0.05). Rejection of consanguinity was significantly noted among young age participants, absence of parental consanguinity, the presence of children or family members with genetic disorders and female gender (P < 0.001). Furthermore, participants who indicated that they are governmental employees, those with 2000-5000 ILS monthly income, those who are married (P < 0.01), and those who indicated that their mothers are holders of postgraduate degree were significantly more likely to reject the idea of consanguinity (P < 0.05). Also, medical and/or scientific reasons were significantly associated with rejecting the idea of consanguinity (P < 0.001). Conclusion Consanguinity prevalence has decreased among recent generations in Palestine, but it remains a significant challenge in Palestine. Therefore, educational and awareness programs about consanguinity and its health effects are effective strategies for reducing the consanguinity rate, especially for persons who are at the age of marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ghanim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Anas Hamdan
- Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Johnny Amer
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Malik Alqub
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Majdi Dwikat
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Jarrar Y, Abdul-Wahab G, Mosleh R, Abudahab S, Jarrar Q, Hamdan A, Qadous SG, Balasmeh R, Abed AF, Ibrahim Y, Al-Doaiss AA, AlShehri MA. Does Ramadan Intermittent Fasting Affect the Fasting Blood Glucose Level among Type II Diabetic Patients? J Clin Med 2023; 12:6604. [PMID: 37892742 PMCID: PMC10607677 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) is influenced by several factors, including health status, genetics, and diet. Some studies have reported a beneficial effect of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting (RIF) on diabetic patients. However, clinical observations have shown that diabetes is exacerbated in some patients. AIM This study aims to investigate the influence of RIF on the FBG level, a biomarker of hyperglycemia and diabetes, and to identify factors associated with variations in FBG levels during RIF among diabetic patients. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional study. We monitored the FBG levels of 181 type II diabetic patients over a two-month period, from 20 February to 20 April 2023, which represents the Islamic lunar months of Shaban (8th month) and Ramadan (9th month). Ramadan provides a prominent month of intermittent fasting practice for studying its physiological effects on diabetes. We collected clinical data from each participant, including demographic information, co-morbidities, and medications used during this period. RESULTS Based on our findings, diabetic patients were classified into three groups depending on the influence of RIF on FBG levels: the positively affected group (44%), whose average FBG levels were reduced; the neutrally affected group (24%), whose average FBG levels did not change; and the negatively affected group (32%), whose average FBG levels increased during the fasting month of Ramadan compared to the previous month. Furthermore, we found that the positive effect of RIF was more frequent among obese, non-geriatric, and male diabetic patients, while the negative effect of RIF was more frequent among patients who were not adhering to the medication. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that RIF affects FBG levels differently among diabetic patients. These findings should be taken into consideration when treating diabetic patients during the fasting month of Ramadan, and further studies are needed to identify (1) factors associated with inter-individual variation in the response to RIF and (2) those who are great candidates for RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Ghasaq Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiryia University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq;
| | - Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine;
| | - Sara Abudahab
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Al-Isra’a University, Amman 11622, Jordan;
| | - Anas Hamdan
- Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine;
| | - Shurouq Ghalib Qadous
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine;
| | - Ruba Balasmeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | | | - Yasmeen Ibrahim
- AlSaidaly Scientific Bureau, Baghdad 10542, Iraq; (A.F.A.); (Y.I.)
| | - Amin A. Al-Doaiss
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-D.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed Ali AlShehri
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-D.); (M.A.A.)
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Jarrar Y, Abudahab S, Abdul-Wahab G, Zaiter D, Madani A, Abaalkhail SJ, Abulebdah D, Alhawari H, Musleh R, Lee SJ. Clinical Significance of NAT2 Genetic Variations in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Lipid Regulation. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:847-857. [PMID: 37724295 PMCID: PMC10505377 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s422495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) enzyme is a Phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme that metabolizes different compounds. Genetic variations in NAT2 can influence the enzyme's activity and potentially lead to the development of certain diseases. Aim This study aimed to investigate the association of NAT2 variants with the risk of Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the lipid profile among Jordanian patients. Methods We sequenced the whole protein-coding region in NAT2 using Sanger's method among a sample of 45 Jordanian T2DM patients and 50 control subjects. Moreover, we analyzed the lipid profiles of the patients and examined any potential associations with NAT2 variants. Results This study revealed that the heterozygous NAT2*13 C/T genotype is significantly (P = 0.03) more common among T2DM (44%) than non-T2DM subjects (23.5%). Furthermore, the frequency of homozygous NAT2*13 T/T genotype was found to be significantly higher (P = 0.03) among T2DM patients (26.7%) compared to that of non-T2DM subjects (11%). The heterozygous NAT2*7 G/A genotype was exclusively observed in T2DM patients (11.1%) and absent in the control non-T2DM group. Moreover, among T2DM patients, those with a homozygous NAT2*11 T/T genotype exhibited significantly higher levels of triglycerides (381.50 ± 9.19 ng/dL) with a P value of 0.01 compared to those with heterozygous NAT2*11 C/T (136.23 ± 51.12 ng/dL) or wild-type NAT2*11 C/C (193.65 ± 109.89 ng/dL) genotypes. T2DM patients with homozygous NAT2*12 G/G genotype had a significantly (P = 0.04) higher triglyceride levels (275.67 ± 183.42 ng/dL) than the heterozygous NAT2*12 A/G (140.02 ± 49.53 ng/dL) and the wild NAT2*12 A/A (193.65 ± 109.89 ng/dL). Conclusion The finding in this study suggests that the NAT2 gene is a potential biomarker for the development of T2DM and changes in triglyceride levels among Jordanians. However, it is important to note that our sample size was limited; therefore, further clinical studies with a larger cohort are necessary to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Sara Abudahab
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ghasaq Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dana Zaiter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Madani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara J Abaalkhail
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dina Abulebdah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hussam Alhawari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Musleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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12
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Jarrar Y, Musleh R, Hamdan A, Ghanim M, Alqub M, Abudahab S. Lack of exposure to pharmacogenomics education among the health care providing students in the West Bank of Palestine. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:267-272. [PMID: 36913309 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2022-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluating the knowledge in pharmacogenomics (PGx) is the first step toward the implementation of PGx testing in clinical practice. This survey aimed to evaluate the knowledge of PGx testing among healthcare providing students at the top-ranked university in the West Bank of Palestine. METHODS First an online questionnaire consisting of 30 questions regarding the demographic, knowledge, and attitude toward pharmacogenomics testing was structured and validated. Then the questionnaire was distributed to 1,000 current students from different fields. RESULTS 696 responses was received. The results showed that almost half of the participants (n=355, 51.1%) have never took any courses about PGx during their university training. Only 81 (11.7%) of the students who took the PGx course stated that it helped them understanding how genetic variations affect drug response. The majority of the students were uncertain (n=352, 50.6%) or disagreed (n=143, 20.6%) that the lectures during university education described the effects of genetic variants on drug response. Although most of the students (70-80%) answered that genetic variants can indeed affect the drug's response, only 162 students (23.3%) responded that VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes influence the response to warfarin. In addition, only 94 (13.5%) students were aware that many medicine labels include clinical information about PGx testing provided by the FDA. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded from the results of this survey that there is a lack of exposure to PGx education associated with poor knowledge of PGx testing among the healthcare providing students in the West Bank of Palestine. It is recommended to include and improve the lectures and courses regarding PGx as this will have a major impact on precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Rami Musleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Anas Hamdan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mustafa Ghanim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Malik Alqub
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sara Abudahab
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Jarrar Q, Ayoub R, Jarrar Y, Aburass H, Goh KW, Ardianto C, Ming LC, Moshawih S, Alfaqih H. Flumazenil Pretreatment Reduces Mefenamic Acid-Induced Central Nervous System Toxicity in Mice. J Integr Neurosci 2023; 22:104. [PMID: 37519168 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2204104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mefenamic acid (MFA), a common analgesic, causes central nervous system (CNS) toxicity at high doses with a proposed activity on the Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. However, it remains unknown whether flumazenil (FMZ), a GABA type A receptor (GABAAR) antagonist, can reverse MFA toxicity. METHODS The behavioral and neurophysiological effects of MFA were investigated in mice with and without FMZ pre-treatment. The elevated zero maze (EZM) and marble burying tests were used to assess anxiety-like behaviors and burying activities, respectively. The standard bar test was used to evaluate catalepsy, while the actophotometer test was used to measure locomotor activity. Seizure intensity was scored, and fatalities were counted. RESULTS Without FMZ pre-treatment, MFA induced behavioral and neurophysiological effects in a dose-dependent manner as follows: At a dose of 20 mg/kg, i.p, MFA-treated mice exhibited anxiety-like behaviors, which was determined by a significant increase in the time spent in the closed areas and a significant decrease in the number of entries to the open areas of the EZM apparatus. These mice also showed a significant decrease in the burying activity, manifested as a significant decrease in the number of buried marbles. At 40 mg/kg, i.p., MFA-treated mice showed catalepsy that was associated with a significant decrease in locomotor activity. At a dose of 80 mg/kg, i.p., mice developed fatal tonic-clonic seizures (seizure score = 4). Pre-treatment with FMZ (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reversed the anxiety-like behaviors and restored marble-burying activity. Additionally, FMZ prevented catalepsy, significantly restored locomotor activity, reduced seizure intensity (seizure score = 0.3) and significantly reduced mortalities. CONCLUSIONS The present study's findings indicate that activation of the GABAAR is involved in the CNS toxicity of MFA, and FMZ reverses MFA toxicity by interfering with this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Jarrar
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, 11622 Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Ayoub
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, 11622 Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, 1705 Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Aburass
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, 11622 Amman, Jordan
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, 60115 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, 60115 Surabaya, Indonesia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE1410 Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE1410 Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
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Askar N, Jarrar Y, Gharaibeh M, Alqudah M. Upregulation of Beta 1 and Arachidonic Acid Metabolizing Enzymes in the Mouse Hearts and Kidneys after Sub Chronic Administration of Rofecoxib. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:381-392. [PMID: 35422231 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220413085316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance in the levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolites in cardiovascular disorders and drug-induced cardiotoxicity have been previously described. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the influence of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors on the gene expression of ARA-metabolizing genes and beta1 gene in the hearts and kidneys of experimental mice. METHODS Thirty-five balb/c mice were divided into five groups with seven mice per group. The groups were then given two distinct types of COX-2 selective inhibitors, rofecoxib and celecoxib, in two different doses equivalent to those used in human treatment for 30 days. The mRNA expression of beta1, ace2, and ARA-metabolizing genes, coxs, lipoxygenases (aloxs), and cytochrome p450 (cyp450s) in mice heart and kidneys were assessed. Genes were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, rofecoxib-induced histological alterations were examined. RESULTS It was found that only the high dose of rofecoxib (5 mg/kg) caused toxicological alterations, a finding that was indicated by a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the relative weight of the mouse hearts and increase in the ventricle wall thickness as observed through pathohistological examination. This increase was associated with a significant increase in the mRNA expression level of the beta1 receptor in both the heart and kidneys of the mice (53- and 12-fold, respectively). The expression of both cox1 and 2 genes was increased 4-fold in the kidneys. In addition, the expression of the alox12 gene increased significantly (by 67-fold in the heart and by 21-fold in the kidney), while alox15 gene expression was upregulated in the heart by 8-fold and 5-fold in the kidney. The genes responsible for synthesizing 20- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (cyp4a12 and cyp1a1) were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in the hearts of high-dose rofecoxib-treated mice by 7- and 17 -fold, respectively. In addition, the expression of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid-synthesizing genes, cyp2c29 and cyp2j5, was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the hearts of high-dose rofecoxib-treated mice by 4- and 16-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION Rofecoxib caused upregulation of the mRNA expression of the beta 1 gene in association with increased expression of ARA-metabolizing genes in mouse hearts and kidneys. These findings may help us understand the molecular cardiotoxic mechanism of rofecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Askar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Munir Gharaibeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Amman, Jordan
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Alrabayah M, Massad IM, Imraish A, Jarrar Y, Massad F, Guzu H, Abufares B, Al-Oran A, Alkharabsheh MM, Haroon N, Ismail MA, Qaqish B, Zihlif M. Effects of CYP2B6 Genetic Variants on the Propofol Dose and Response among Jordanian Arabic Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 23:1156-1161. [PMID: 36717987 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230130110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is the most commonly used general anesthetic drug in many countries, including Jordan. However, there is a wide variation in the propofols' dose and response among the patients. Genetic variation in the cytochrome (CYP) 2B6 gene affects propofol metabolism and might affect propofol dose and response. AIMS This study aimed to determine the influence of major genetic alleles of the CYP2B6 gene, CYP2B6*2A, *6A, *3, *4A, and *5A, on the required propofol dose and response among Jordanian Arabic patients attending The University of Jordan Hospital. METHODS A total of 155 patients were administrated propofol. The propofol response was evaluated by monitoring the time to reach the bispectral index of 60 (BIS60) for every patient. The CYP2B6 genetic variants were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction through specific enzymes for CYP2B6 variants. RESULTS It is found that patients with variant CYP2B6*2A and *4A alleles required significantly (P < 0.05) lower propofol doses, while patients with variant CYP2B6*6A, *3, and *5A alleles required higher propofol doses in comparison with patients carrying the wild CYP2B6 alleles. Patients with variant CYP2B6*2A and *3 alleles needed a significantly (P < 0.05) shorter while patients with variant CYP2B6*5A allele needed longer time of BIS60 than patients with wild CYP2B6*2A, *3, and *5A alleles. CONCLUSION It is concluded that CYP2B6 genetic variants affect propofol dose and can explain, at least partly, the inter-individual variation in the propofol response. Further clinical studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Alrabayah
- Department of Anesthesia, the University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Amer Imraish
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Faysal Massad
- Department of Anesthesia, the University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hasan Guzu
- Department of Anesthesia, the University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Basil Abufares
- Department of Anesthesia, the University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Afnan Al-Oran
- Department of Anesthesia, the University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Nour Haroon
- Department of Anesthesia, the University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Asa'ad Ismail
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bara'a Qaqish
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malik Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Zihlif M, Otoum S, Al Shhab M, Almadani Z, Momani M, Alhawari H, Esraa Jibrini, Jarrar Y, Al-Ameer H, Imraish A. No association between LDL receptor and CETP genetic variants and atorvastatin response in Jordanian hyperlipidemic patients. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2022; 37:369-374. [PMID: 35447021 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atorvastatin is commonly used medication to achieve low levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and LDL receptor (LDLR) genetic variants can affect the cholesterol transport and hence may affect on atorvastatin response. This study aimed to investigate the influence of LDLR AvaII, CETP TaqIb, and Rs1532624 on the efficacy of 20 mg atorvastatin among Jordanian hyperlipidemic patients. METHODS One hundred and 50 blood samples were collected from hyperlipidemic patients in the University of Jordan Hospital. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for genotyping of LDLR AvaII and CETP TaqIb genetic variants. The genotyping of CETP Rs1532624 variant was done by Sanger DNA-Sequencing. RESULTS LDLR AvaII and CETP TaqIb and Rs1532624 variants showed a significant (p value < 0.05) association with the baseline of the LDL at the time of diagnoses. On the other hand, none of the tested genetic variants showed a significant (p value>0.05) association with LDL reduction after atorvastatin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated a significant association between the LDLR AvaII and CETP TaqIb, and Rs1532624 genetic variants with the LDL baseline level. However, the atorvastatin therapy among hyperlipidemic patients of Jordanian origin was not affected by any of the tested variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suhad Otoum
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Shhab
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaid Almadani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Monther Momani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hussam Alhawari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Esraa Jibrini
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Deprtmant of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Amer Imraish
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Alhawari H, Jarrar Y, Abulebdah D, Abaalkhail SJ, Alkhalili M, Alkhalili S, Alhawari H, Momani M, Obeidat MN, Fram RK, Salahat MA, Lee SJ. Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Genotype on Lipid Profiles and Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091488. [PMID: 36143273 PMCID: PMC9505147 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms affect lipid profiles and are associated with disease complications. Genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we investigated the effects of VDR genotypes on the lipid profile and disease complications of T2DM patients in a Jordanian population. Ninety T2DM patients were genotyped for four major functional VDR genetic variants, rs2228570 C > T (FokI), rs7975232 A > C (ApaI), rs731236 T > C (TaqI), and rs1544410 C > T (BsmI), using the polymerase chain reaction−restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Lipid profiles and diabetes complications were analyzed and correlated with VDR genotypes. We found that the VDR rs7975232 and rs1544410 alleles were significantly (p = 0.008−0.04) associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and retinopathy among patients. Carriers of the rs7975232 A/A genotype exhibited higher levels (49.68 ± 15.86 mg/dL) of HDL than patients with the A/C (44.73 ± 13.38 mg/dL) and C/C (37.93 ± 9.22 mg/dL) genotypes. Moreover, carriers of the rs1544410 T/T genotype had higher levels of HDL (54.31 ± 16.45 mg/dL) than patients with the C/T (43.57 ± 13.24 mg/dL) and C/C (43.98 ± 13.17 mg/dL) genotypes. T2DM patients who carry the rs7975232 C/C genotype were at higher risk (odds ratio [OR] = 7.88) of developing retinopathy compared with carriers of the rs7975232 C/A and A/A genotypes. In addition, T2DM patients with the rs1544410 C/C genotype had a higher risk (OR = 4.21) of developing retinopathy than patients with the rs1544410 C/T and T/T genotypes. Therefore, we concluded that the VDR rs7975232 and rs1544410 alleles were associated with HDL levels and retinopathy and can be considered as potential genetic biomarkers for the lipid profile and retinopathy complication among T2DM patients in a Jordanian population of Arabic origin. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Alhawari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (S.-J.L.); Tel.: +962-795930283 (Y.J.)
| | - Dina Abulebdah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Sara J. Abaalkhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Marah Alkhalili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Sura Alkhalili
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Jordan Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hussein Alhawari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Munther Momani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammed N. Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rand K. Fram
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. Salahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 50834, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (S.-J.L.); Tel.: +962-795930283 (Y.J.)
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Balasmeh R, Jarrar Y, Al-Sheikh I, Alshaiah H, Jarrar Q, Alani R, Abudahab S. Effects of Fasting and Phoenix dactylifera on the Expression of Major Drug- Metabolizing Enzymes in the Mouse Livers. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:666-676. [PMID: 35993475 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220820105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the effects of consuming Phoenix dactylifera and fasting on the mRNA expression of major hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice. METHODS Phoenix dactylifera ethanolic extract was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. We used forty-two male Balb/c mice, which were treated with low (300 mg/kg) and high (2583 mg/kg) doses of Phoenix dactylifera and fasted for 24 hours, two weeks, and one month. Then, we analyzed the expression of cyp3a11, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and ugt2b1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. In addition, we assessed the relative liver weights of the mice and the hepatic phathohistological alterations. RESULTS We found that Phoenix dactylifera ethanolic extract contained 38 phytochemical compounds, mainly kaempherol, campesterol, lutein, apigenin, genistein, and isoquercetin. Fasting significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of several drug-metabolizing enzymes in a time-dependent manner and we showed that consuming the low dose of Phoenix dactylifera significantly upregulated the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes more than the high dose. The results of the histological examinations and relative liver weight showed that fasting and consuming of Phoenix dactylifera did not cause any toxicological alterations in the liver of the mice. CONCLUSION It is concluded from this study that fasting and consuming of Phoenix dactylifera upregulated the mRNA expression of major drug-metabolizing enzymes in mouse livers. These findings may explain, at least partly, the variation of drug response during fasting in the month of Ramadan and would direct future clinical studies in optimizing the dosing of pharmacotherapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Balasmeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Iyad Al-Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamza Alshaiah
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Al-Isra'a University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Raad Alani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Al-Isra'a University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara Abudahab
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Khirfan F, Jarrar Y, Al-Qirim T, Goh KW, Jarrar Q, Ardianto C, Awad M, Al-Ameer HJ, Al-Awaida W, Moshawih S, Ming LC. Analgesics Induce Alterations in the Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry and Arachidonic-Acid-Metabolizing Genes in the Mouse Lungs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060696. [PMID: 35745615 PMCID: PMC9227818 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used in the management of respiratory viral infections. This study aimed to determine the effects of the most commonly used analgesics (paracetamol, ibuprofen, and diclofenac) on the mRNA expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry and arachidonic-acid-metabolizing genes in mouse lungs. A total of twenty eight Balb/c mice were divided into four groups and treated separately with vehicle, paracetamol, ibuprofen, and diclofenac in clinically equivalent doses for 14 days. Then, the expressions of SARS-CoV-2 entry, ACE2, TMPRSS2, and Ctsl genes, in addition to the arachidonic-acid-metabolizing cyp450, cox, and alox genes, were analyzed using real-time PCR. Paracetamol increased the expressions of TMPRSS2 and Ctsl genes by 8.5 and 5.6 folds, respectively, while ibuprofen and diclofenac significantly decreased the expression of the ACE2 gene by more than 2.5 folds. In addition, all tested drugs downregulated (p < 0.05) cox2 gene expression, and paracetamol reduced the mRNA levels of cyp4a12 and 2j5. These molecular alterations in diclofenac and ibuprofen were associated with pathohistological alterations, where both analgesics induced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and airway wall thickening. It is concluded that analgesics such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, and diclofenac alter the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry and arachidonic-acid-metabolizing genes in mouse lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khirfan
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11731, Jordan; (F.K.); (T.A.-Q.); (M.A.)
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11731, Jordan; (F.K.); (T.A.-Q.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (C.A.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Tariq Al-Qirim
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11731, Jordan; (F.K.); (T.A.-Q.); (M.A.)
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia;
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan;
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (C.A.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Mohammad Awad
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11731, Jordan; (F.K.); (T.A.-Q.); (M.A.)
| | - Hamzeh J. Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba 17110, Jordan; (H.J.A.-A.); (W.A.-A.)
| | - Wajdy Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba 17110, Jordan; (H.J.A.-A.); (W.A.-A.)
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam;
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam;
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (C.A.); (L.C.M.)
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Mosleh R, ' U' Wais A, Hamdan A, Ghanim M, Jarrar Y. Assessment of Alternative Medicine Use, Costs, and Predictors of Medication Adherence among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Palestine. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 24:EMIDDT-EPUB-123854. [PMID: 35616669 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220523114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered the fourth leading cause of death in Palestine, with a prevalence of 9.1% in patients aged 20-79 years, and is predicted to increase to 20.6% by 2020. AIMS This study aims to estimate DM costs, compare DM total health care cost among patient characteristics and DM management (e.g. Anti-diabetic medications and alternative medicine), as well as assess MA and its predictors including patient characteristics, DM management, alternative medicine use, and DM costs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted for the past one year among 479 diabetic patients, selected by convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods via electronic post of an online questionnaire including a web link to the questionnaire page in a Google Form via email or public social media pages and applications. Data on patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, medication profile, use of medicinal plants as alternative medicine, costs, and Medication Adherence (MA) were collected. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v. 25) was used to perform a descriptive, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, univariate analysis, Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test, multiple linear regression, binary logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression analysis. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS More than half of the participants were male and living in villages (50.7%, 59.1%, respectively). Approximately 51.4% received Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs (OHDs) and only 16.1% received insulin. The participants receiving ≤3 medications daily acquired the highest percentage (55.7%), and less than half received medicinal plants as an alternative medicine for the management of DM. The estimated total DM health care cost per 1 year incurred by patients and family members was Israeli Shekel 988,276 (US Dollar 307,590). More than half of the participants were considered adherent with the Eight-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) score ≥6. It is noteworthy that the use of alternative medicine was significantly associated with total health care cost and MA. Furthermore, DM duration was significantly associated with MA. These are results worth taking into consideration. CONCLUSION This study reflects the need for strengthening the patient-health care professionals' relationship, and to enhance the role of preventive education, and the importance of awareness about MA, DSCMBs, and the use of alternative medicine based on evidence-based strategies to improve MA, glycemic control, meanwhile reducing the costs incurred by patients and family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ala ' U' Wais
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Basic Medical Unit/ Nursing College, Arab American University, Zababdeh, Jenin, P.O Box 249, Palestine
| | - Anas Hamdan
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mustafa Ghanim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- College of Pharmacy, AlZaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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21
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Hamdan A, Ghanim M, Mosleh R, Jarrar Y. Attitudes and Acceptance of the Palestinian Population towards COVID-19 Health Precautions and Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:EMIDDT-EPUB-122686. [PMID: 35440340 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220419125737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a new pandemic and the best protection against this infection is by vaccination. AIMS To assess the commitment to COVID-19 health precautions and vaccination willingness among the Palestinian population. METHODS An online-based survey was developed in an observational cross-sectional study. A total of 1367 participants were recruited conveniently between February and June 2021. To carry out comparisons, Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis was used for numerical variables and chi-square or Fisher's exact for categorical. Multiple logistic regression was used for health precautions and multinomial logistic regression for vaccination willingness. RESULTS The commitment to the majority of health precautions was predicted by perceiving COVID-19 threat, educational level, and city residency (P < 0.05). Social distancing and sterilizer usage were associated with city residency (P < 0.001). Students, males, and unemployed participants were less committed to health precautions (P < 0.05). Vaccination willingness was less predicted by the perception of an ineffective vaccine (P < 0.001), perceiving no threat of COVID-19 (P < 0.05) or perception of threat for old/or chronic diseases (P < 0.05), employed participants (P < 0.05), without chronic diseases (P < 0.05), and not committed to wearing a mask (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION COVID-19 threat perception, high education level, and city residency predict more commitment to health precautions, in contrast to male students and unemployed participants. On the other hand, Having no chronic diseases, perception of ineffective vaccines, unperceived COVID-19 threat, and unwillingness to wear masks predicted less vaccination acceptance. Therefore, it is critical to increase awareness about the COVID-19 threat, health precautions, and vaccination efficacy. This study is cross-sectional. Future works concerning changes in Attitudes toward COVID-19 health precautions and vaccination should be encouraged including vaccinated participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Hamdan
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mustafa Ghanim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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22
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Hawash M, Mosleh R, Jarrar Y, Hanani A, Hajyousef Y. The Prevalence of Water Pipe Smoking and Perceptions on its Addiction among University Students in Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:1247-1256. [PMID: 35485682 PMCID: PMC9375623 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.4.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding the university students’ perception of Water Pipe smoking addictions and factors behind the rise in the prevalence of Water Pipe smoking will contribute effectively in the prevention strategies and policies development. Aims: Thus, this study aims to assess the prevalence of Water Pipe smoking among university students and their perceptions on its addiction in Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey, as an initial step to reduce the spread of Water Pipe smoking. Methods: An online self-structured questionnaire was administered to 2030 selected university students from Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey. Prevalence, knowledge and other related factors concerning Water Pipe smoking and its addiction were compared between university students from three Middle East countries (Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey) using SPSS software for statistical analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of Water Pipe smoking was 31.8%, less than a quarter of university students (21.7%) had ever smoked Water Pipe. The highest percentage of current Water Pipe smokers were Palestinians (36.11%), and the lowest percentage was from Turkey (20.23%). Approximately 43% of Water Pipe smokers believe that they will be addicted to Water Pipe smoking and almost half of them smoke Water Pipe daily. The highest percentage of smokers were university students 25 years old and above. However, the highest percentage of smokers was low monthly income students. The university students living with their families were smoking Water Pipe less frequently than students living in private residencies. Conclusions: The prevalence of Water Pipe smoking among university students in Palestine and Jordan was high compared to Turkey. It was believed that the Turkish rules and regulations of Water Pipe smoking limit the Water Pipe smoking in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Hanani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Yousef Hajyousef
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
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Jarrar Q, Ayoub R, Moshawih S, Jarrar Y, Jilani J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hydroxypropyl Ester of Mefenamic Acid as a Promising Prodrug. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220330160134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The free carboxylic acid group present in the mefenamic acid (MFA) structure plays a potential role in developing various neuromuscular side effects after MFA administration. In this study, the hydroxypropyl promoiety was added to the carboxylic acid group of MFA in an attempt to reduce the neuromuscular side effects of MFA and improve its therapeutic effects.
Methods:
Hydroxypropylester of MFA (HPEMA) was synthesized and subjected to various in vivo investigations compared to MFA. The neuromuscular toxicity was conducted following high doses administration in mice and was evaluated at various measuring parameters, such as the percentage of catalepsy, clonic-tonic seizure, and death. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of HPEMA were evaluated in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test and acetic acid-induced writhing test, respectively.
Results:
The finding of this study reveal that the percentage of catalepsy, clonic-tonic seizure, and death is significantly lower in mice treated with HPEMA than those treated with equimolar doses of MFA. In addition, treatment with HPEMA caused a comparable anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test and a significantly higher antinociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing test than the MFA treatment.
Conclusion:
This study’s findings suggest that HPEMA is a promising prodrug for MFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Jarrar
- Department of applied pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Ayoub
- Department of applied pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Said Moshawih
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gaduong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jamal Jilani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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A Alruwaili M, Jarrar Y. Effects of vitamin C and D on the mRNA expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor, cathepsin L, and transmembrane serine protease in the mouse lungs. Libyan J Med 2022; 17:2054111. [PMID: 35311495 PMCID: PMC8942545 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2022.2054111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins (Vit) C and D are widely used as immunogenic supplements among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. The SAR-CoV-2 virus enters into the pulmonary endothelial cells through attachment to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (Ace2) and the proteolytic activity of Cathepsin L (Ctsl) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (Tmprss2) enzymes. This study aimed to determine the influence of Vit C and D on the mRNA expression of Ace2, Tmprss2, and Ctsl genes in the mouse lungs. Vitamins C and D were administrated to different groups of mice through intra-peritoneal route in doses equivalent to human for 30 days. Then, the mRNA expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry gene was analyzed using qRT-PCR. It is found that Vit D, but not C, upregulated significantly (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of Ace2 by more than six folds, while downregulated the expression of Ctsl and Tmprss2 genes by 2.8 and 2.2 folds, respectively. It can be concluded from this study that Vit D alters the mRNA expression of Ace2, Tmprss, and Ctsl genes in the mouse lungs. This finding can help us in understanding, at least in part, the molecular influence of Vit D on genes involved in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshref A Alruwaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Skaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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25
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Jarrar Y, Lee SJ. Effect of rosiglitazone on 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels and CYP4F2 expression in HepG2 cells. TROP J PHARM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v20i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effect of rosiglitazone on the levels of the cardiotoxic arachidonic acid metabolite, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), in the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2.
Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone and the mRNA and protein expressions of cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) responsible for synthesizing 20-HETE were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The levels of 20-HETE were evaluated using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Results: Rosiglitazone significantly increased the levels of CYP4F2 mRNA and protein when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). This was correlated with significantly increased 20-HETE levels in the culture medium of rosiglitazone-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, significantly repressed the increased production of 20-HETE and CYP4F2 mRNA protein (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Rosiglitazone increases the synthesis of 20-HETE via activation of PPARγ receptor and upregulation of CYP4F2. These findings may provide an additional explanation, at least in part, for the unwanted side effects of rosiglitazone on the cardiovascular system.
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Jarrar Y, Lee SJ. Demand for Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in the United Arab Emirates. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010104. [PMID: 35055419 PMCID: PMC8779682 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 50834, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Abed E, Jarrar Y, Alhawari H, Abdullah S, Zihlif M. The association of cytochrome 7A1 and ATP-binding cassette G8 genotypes with type 2 diabetes among Jordanian patients. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:149-154. [PMID: 34845882 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased cholesterol levels were found to be associated with diabetes mellitus type II (DM2). The cholesterol is metabolized by cytochrome 7A1 (CYP7A1) and transported in the intestine by ATP-binding cassette G8 (ABCG8). Genetic variants in CYP7A1 and ABCG8 genes can affect the cholesterol levels. The aim of this study is to compare the frequency of CYP7A1 rs3808607 and ABCG8 rs11887534 and rs4148217 genotypes between healthy and DM2 subjects from Jordanian population. METHODS A total of 117 DM2 patients and 100 healthy controls, of Jordanian Arabic origin, were genotyped for CYP7A1 rs3808607 and ABCG8 rs11887534 and rs4148217 genetic variants using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. RESULTS The study showed that homozygosity of rs3808607 (A-204C) genotype in CYP7A1 was significantly higher in DM2 patients (ANOVA, p<0.05) with an odd ratio of 2.66, but rs11887534 (G55C) and rs4148217 (C1199A) genetic polymorphisms in ABCG8 were found in comparable frequencies in both healthy and DM2 subjects. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that CYP7A1 rs3808607 genetic polymorphism is associated with DM2. Further clinical studies are required to confirm this finding among DM2 patients of Jordanian origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyada Abed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hussam Alhawari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sarah Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Zihlif M, Bashaireh B, Rashid M, Almadani Z, Jarrar Y. Effect of major CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on Helicobacter pylori eradication based on different treatment regimens. Biomed Rep 2021; 16:2. [PMID: 34820125 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a global issue. Its eradication in affected individuals is important to prevent several further complications that may occur if left untreated. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) serve an important role in the eradication regimens of H. pylori. PPIs are metabolized primarily through the CYP2C19 enzyme in the liver. Inter-individual variation in the response to eradication treatment may partly be due to variations in the metabolism of PPIs. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any association between CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and the response to eradication therapy amongst Jordanians infected with H. pylori receiving lansoprazole-based regimens. The present study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of The University of Jordan Hospital. A total of 141 patients infected with H. pylori were genotyped for the polymorphisms CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay method. Patients received lansoprazole-based triple or sequential therapy. The assessment of eradication was performed using either a H. pylori stool antigen test or from feedback from patients regarding their improvement. Eradication rates were 84.6% and 64.5% in the intermediate-metabolizer and extensive-metabolizer group, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, no significant association was found between the carriers of the CYP2C19*17 polymorphism and the response to eradication therapy. These findings suggest that there was no significant association between the CYP2C19 genotype and the response to eradication therapy amongst Jordanians infected with H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11492, Jordan
| | - Banan Bashaireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11492, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Rashid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11492, Jordan
| | - Zaid Almadani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11492, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11731, Jordan
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Jarrar Y, Musleh R, Ghanim M, AbuKhader I, Jarrar Q. Assessment of the need for pharmacogenomics education among pharmacists in the West Bank of Palestine. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14435. [PMID: 34191402 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacogenomics testing aims to optimise therapy and reduce the inter-individual variation in drug response. One of the major barriers against the implementation of pharmacogenomics testing is the low level of knowledge on the topic. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the need for pharmacogenomics education among pharmacists in the West Bank of Palestine. METHODS This study was cross-sectional and included 370 pharmacists, among different cities in the West Bank of Palestine between October and December 2020. The questionnaire consisted of 25 close-ended questions that evaluated the exposure to pharmacogenomics education, attitude toward the role of pharmacogenomics testing in clinical practice and self-capability of pharmacists in pharmacogenomics testing. RESULTS It was found that 60% of the respondents disagreed that pharmacogenomics was an integral part of the pharmacy school curriculum and/or experiential education. The vast majority of the respondents (94%) agreed that pharmacists should be required to have some knowledge of pharmacogenomics. The majority of the respondents (88.6%) believe that pharmacogenomics testing will improve pharmacists' ability to more effectively control drug therapy expenditures. However, only 38% of the respondents could identify medications that require pharmacogenomics testing, and only 35.1% could identify reliable sources of information regarding pharmacogenomics for healthcare providers and patients. CONCLUSION It is seen from the results of this study that there is a high need to learn about pharmacogenomics testing, which can help the pharmacists make pharmacotherapy decisions. Additionally, current pharmacists have low self-confidence in making decisions depending on the results of pharmacogenomics testing. It is recommended to increase the exposure of pharmacogenomics knowledge by including the subject in courses and workshops in pharmacy school curricula in the West Bank of Palestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Musleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mustafa Ghanim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Imad AbuKhader
- Faculty of Nursing, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Al-Isra'a University, Amman, Jordan
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Al-Ghabeesh SH, Rayan A, Hattab F, Jarrar Y. Mindfulness and psychological distress among hemodialysis patients. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:917-924. [PMID: 34320891 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1960395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study identifies the unique role of trait mindfulness in improving the psychological health of patients under hemodialysis. A correlational research design was employed with a sample of 221 patients under hemodialysis. Participants completed a survey about the basic demographics, psychological distress, and mindfulness. The mean age of the study participants was 51.87 years (SD = 14.00). Participants had a moderate level of psychological distress. Psychological distress was associated with various demographic and clinical variables. Mindfulness accounted for 2.6% additional variance above and beyond the 18% accounted by demographic and clinical variables. This study suggests that mindfulness may enhance the psychological health of patients under hemodialysis. Future research may want to develop an intervention that employs a mindfulness-based approach and assess its effectiveness in supporting patients under hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Rayan
- Assistant Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Fadi Hattab
- Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Jarrar Y, Lee SJ. The Functionality of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Genetic Variants and their Association with Drug Responses and Human Diseases. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060554. [PMID: 34198586 PMCID: PMC8231948 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes that metabolize endogenous fatty acids such as arachidonic acid metabolites, as well as many prescription drugs, such as opioids, antiepileptics, and antiviral drugs. The UGT1A and 2B genes are highly polymorphic, and their genetic variants may affect the pharmacokinetics and hence the responses of many drugs and fatty acids. This study collected data and updated the current view of the molecular functionality of genetic variants on UGT genes that impact drug responses and the susceptibility to human diseases. The functional information of UGT genetic variants with clinical associations are essential to understand the inter-individual variation in drug responses and susceptibility to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 50834, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-051-890-5911; Fax: +82-050-4290-5739
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Jarrar Y, Musleh R, Hamdan A, Ghanim M. Evaluation of the need for pharmacogenomics testing among physicians in the West Bank of Palestine. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 36:289-294. [PMID: 34821126 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing optimizes pharmacotherapy and reduces interindividual variation in drug responses. However, it is still not implemented in clinical practice in the West Bank of Palestine (WBP). The aim of this study was to determine the need for PGx education and testing among physicians from different specialties in WBP. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional survey that was administered to 381 physicians from different cities in WBP. The questionnaire consisted of 27 closed-ended questions that evaluate the exposure and attitude toward PGx education, the role of PGx testing in clinical practice, and the capabilities of physicians in PGx testing. RESULTS It was found that exposure to PGx education is low, with most of the respondents (81.1%) answering that PGx was not an integral part of their medical education. The majority (>90%) of the participants agreed that PGx should be included in the medical school curriculum. It was also found that 58.5% of the participants agreed that PGx testing is relevant to their current clinical practice. In addition, most of the participant physicians (>60%) think that they are currently not capable of prescribing and making decisions for pharmacotherapy based on PGx testing. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that there is a high need for PGx education and implementation in clinical practice in WBP. We recommend adding PGx courses to the curricula of medical schools and going forward with the implementation of PGx testing in clinical practice in WBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Musleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Anas Hamdan
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mustafa Ghanim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Jarrar Y, Musleh R, Hamdan A, Ghanim M. Evaluation of the need for pharmacogenomics testing among physicians in the West Bank of Palestine. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 0:dmdi-2021-0121. [PMID: 34087962 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing optimizes pharmacotherapy and reduces interindividual variation in drug responses. However, it is still not implemented in clinical practice in the West Bank of Palestine (WBP). The aim of this study was to determine the need for PGx education and testing among physicians from different specialties in WBP. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional survey that was administered to 381 physicians from different cities in WBP. The questionnaire consisted of 27 closed-ended questions that evaluate the exposure and attitude toward PGx education, the role of PGx testing in clinical practice, and the capabilities of physicians in PGx testing. RESULTS It was found that exposure to PGx education is low, with most of the respondents (81.1%) answering that PGx was not an integral part of their medical education. The majority (>90%) of the participants agreed that PGx should be included in the medical school curriculum. It was also found that 58.5% of the participants agreed that PGx testing is relevant to their current clinical practice. In addition, most of the participant physicians (>60%) think that they are currently not capable of prescribing and making decisions for pharmacotherapy based on PGx testing. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that there is a high need for PGx education and implementation in clinical practice in WBP. We recommend adding PGx courses to the curricula of medical schools and going forward with the implementation of PGx testing in clinical practice in WBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Musleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Anas Hamdan
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mustafa Ghanim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Hamadneh L, Abu-Irmaileh B, Al-Majawleh M, Bustanji Y, Jarrar Y, Al-Qirim T. Doxorubicin-paclitaxel sequential treatment: insights of DNA methylation and gene expression changes of luminal A and triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3647-3654. [PMID: 34050450 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the significant causes of death among women diagnosed with cancer worldwide. Even though several chemotherapy combinations are still the primary treatment of breast cancer, unsuccessful treatments, and poor prognostic outcomes are still being reported. DNA methylation and gene expression changes among two breast cancer cell lines representing luminal A (MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) cancers were determined after sequential combination treatment of doxorubicin and paclitaxel and analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Promoter methylation changes were seen in different treated MCF-7 cells and accompanied by changes in the gene expression of CCNA1 and PTGS2. In MDA-MB-231 cells, the hypomethylation of ESR1 was not accompanied by an increase in its gene expression in any treated cells. The hypomethylation of GSTP1 and MGMT was accompanied by an increase in gene expression levels in the group treated with doxorubicin only. Also, significant downregulation of several genes like MUC1 and MKI67 in MCF-7 cells treated with doxorubicin showed much lower gene expression (- 37.63, - 10.88 folds) when compared with cells treated with paclitaxel (- 2.47, - 2.05 folds) or the combination treatment (- 18.99, - 2.81 folds), respectively. On the other hand, a synergistic effect on MMP9 gene expression was significantly seen in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with the combination (- 9.99 folds) in comparison with the cells treated with doxorubicin (- 3.62 folds) or paclitaxel (1.75 folds) alone. Chemotherapy combinations do not always augment the molecular changes seen in each drug alone, and these changes could be utilized as treatment response markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Hamadneh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan.
| | - Bashaer Abu-Irmaileh
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - May Al-Majawleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Tariq Al-Qirim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
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Ayoub R, Jarrar Q, Ali D, Moshawih S, Jarrar Y, Hakim M, Zakaria Z. Synthesis of Novel Esters of Mefenamic Acid with Pronounced Anti-nociceptive Effects and a Proposed Activity on GABA , Opioid and Glutamate Receptors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105865. [PMID: 33979659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mefenamic acid (MFA), a commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), possesses a greater risk of dose-related central nervous system (CNS) toxicity than other NSAIDs. In this study, α-tocopherol and α-tocopherol acetate were selected as prodrug moieties for MFA in an attempt to reduce the CNS toxicity and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. METHOD α-tocopherol monoester of MFA (TMMA) and α-tocopherol di-ester of MFA (TDMA) were synthesized by esterification reaction and were subjected to various in vivo characterizations. RESULTS Masking of the carboxylate group of MFA with the proposed pro-moieties significantly (p<0.05) delayed the onset of tonic-clonic seizure in mice. Besides, the intraperitoneal administration of TMMA and TDMA in mice produced significantly (p<0.05) stronger anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test and greater anti-nociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing test than MFA at an equimolar dose of 20 mg/kg. Treatment with TMMA and TDMA caused a significant (p<0.05) inhibition of pain at 1st and 2nd phases of formalin-induced licking test in mice, whereas treatment with MFA inhibited the 2nd phase only. Pretreatment with naloxone and flumazenil significantly (p<0.05) reversed the anti-nociceptive effect of MFA, TMMA and TDMA in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. In addition, treatment with TMMA and TDMA caused significantly (p<0.05) a higher inhibition of pain in the glutamate-induced licking response in mice than MFA. CONCLUSION Masking the carboxylate moiety of MFA by α-tocopherol and α-tocopherol acetate has a great potential for reducing CNS toxicity, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and altering the mode of anti-nociceptive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Ayoub
- Department of applied pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of applied pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Dalia Ali
- Department of applied pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Hakim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Khamees M, Jarrar Y, Al-Qirim T, Mahmoud IS, Hatmal MM, Alshaer W, Lee SJ. No impact of soluble epoxide hydrolase rs4149243, rs2234914 and rs751142 genetic variants on the development of type II diabetes and its hypertensive complication among Jordanian patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14036. [PMID: 33512081 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human soluble epoxide hydrolase plays a major role in cardiovascular homoeostasis. Genetic variants in the EPHX2 gene among different ethnic groups are associated with cardiovascular complications, such as hypertension. However, no reports regarding the association of EPHX2 genotype with hypertension among type II diabetic (T2D) patients of Middle Eastern Jordanian origin exist. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to elucidate the association of the EPHX2 allele, genotype and haplotype with T2D, hypertension and parameters of lipid profile parameters among Jordanian T2D patients. METHODS Ninety-three genomic DNA samples of non-diabetic controls and 97 samples from T2D patients were genotyped for EPHX2 rs4149243, rs2234914 and rs751142 genetic variants. The DNA samples were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then sequenced using Applied Biosystems Model (ABI3730x1). The functionality of intronic EPHX2 variants was predicted using the in silico Berkely Drosophila Genome Project software. RESULTS We found no significant (P >.05) association between the EPHX2 rs4149243, rs2234914 and rs751142 allele, genotype and haplotype and the incidence of T2D and hypertension. Additionally, no association (P >.05) between these EPHX2 genetic variants with the baseline total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins and triglycerides among both non-diabetic and diabetic volunteers was found. However, we found an inter-ethnic variation (χ2 -test, P value ˂ .05) in the allele frequency of the EPHX2 rs4149243 and rs2234914 variants between Jordanians and other ethnic populations. Also, the in silico Berkely Drosophila Genome Project software predicted that the intronic EPHX2 rs4149243 could alter the splicing of intron 7. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded from this study that EPHX2 rs4149243, rs2234914 and rs751142 genetic variants do not play a role in the development of T2D and hypertension among Jordanian T2D patients. Further genetic studies with larger sample sizes are needed to find out the association of other functional EPHX2 variants with cardiovascular diseases among T2D patients in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysoon Khamees
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tariq Al-Qirim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ismail Sami Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ma'mon M Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Centre, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Zihlif M, Imraish A, Al-Rawashdeh B, Qteish A, Husami R, Husami R, Tahboub F, Jarrar Y, Lee SJ. The Association of IgE Levels with ADAM33 Genetic Polymorphisms among Asthmatic Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050329. [PMID: 33922216 PMCID: PMC8146671 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) is elevated in multiple allergic diseases and is considered a good predictor of atopy. Several studies have been performed on the association of IgE levels with the polymorphism of the ADAM33 gene in asthmatic patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between IgE levels and the genetic polymorphisms of the ADAM33 gene (T1, T2, T + 1, V4, S1, S2, and Q-1) in both healthy and asthmatic patients among Jordanians. The clinical data were collected for this case–control study from 267 asthmatic patients and 225 control subjects. Seven genetic polymorphisms (T1, T2, T + 1, V4, S1, S2, and Q-1) of the gene ADAM33 were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The minor alleles (G) of T1, (A) of T2, T + 1, and (G) of V4 polymorphisms were associated with a significant increase in total serum IgE levels in adults but not children. The V4 genetic polymorphism, however, showed a significant association with IgE levels in both adults and children. The S1 polymorphism was significantly associated with the codominant module only in the adults. The S2 polymorphism showed a significant association (p-value < 0.05) in both codominant and recessive models. However, in the dominant model for both pediatric control and asthmatic patients, the association between the IgE and S2 polymorphism was insignificant (p-value = 0.7271 and 0.5259, respectively). This study found a statistically significant association between multiple ADAM33 genetic polymorphisms and IgE levels. Such findings add to the growing evidence that the ADAM33 gene has a major impact on IgE levels among asthmatic patients of Jordanian origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-795-518-929
| | - Amer Imraish
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Baeth Al-Rawashdeh
- Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (B.A.-R.); (A.Q.); (R.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Aya Qteish
- Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (B.A.-R.); (A.Q.); (R.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Raihan Husami
- Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (B.A.-R.); (A.Q.); (R.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Rawand Husami
- Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (B.A.-R.); (A.Q.); (R.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Farah Tahboub
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 50834, Korea;
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Mosleh R, Hawash M, Jarrar Y. The Relationships Among the Organizational Factors of a Tertiary Healthcare Center for Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Palestine. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:464-471. [PMID: 32400340 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200513083802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes prevalence at Palestine was 10%, with a rising fund crisis, and diabetes healthcare problems. There was a limited research concerning diabetes healthcare dimensions including organizational factors and their predictors. OBJECTIVE This study described patient characteristics and organizational factors, and assessed relationships among organizational factors of type 2 diabetes health care in Palestine. METHODS This study is a retrospective cross sectional study, recruited by convenience sampling method in 330 participants from a type 2 diabetes patients list. It was carried out at Ramallah, Palestine. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v 19) was used to analyze data on patient characteristics and organizational factors collected from personal interview and medical records review. RESULTS The results showed that 51.2% were males, and 88.5% had additional chronic diseases. Preventive healthcare and patient-healthcare professionals' relationship were the most prominent organizational factors in statistically significant relationships among organizational factors. CONCLUSION This study reflected the need for reviewing prescription mode, and educational programs that emphasize the diabetes self-care management and the health care providers' role that would be of great benefit in health outcomes further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Al Awaida W, Ahmed AA, Hamza AA, Amber KI, Al-Ameer HJ, Jarrar Y, Fatima G, Maslat AO, Gushchina Y, Al Bawareed O, Hadi NR. Association of KDR rs1870377 genotype with clopidogrel resistance in patients with post percutaneous coronary intervention. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06251. [PMID: 33665428 PMCID: PMC7900686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet therapy that is widely used in pre and post percutaneous (PCI) coronary intervention procedures to prevent platelet aggregation and stent restenosis. However, there is a wide inter-individual variation in clopidogrel response and some patients showed resistance against the activity of Clopidogrel. Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) gene is responsible for the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) that plays a major role in the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and platelet aggregation. The aim of this study was to find out the association of KDR rs1870377 genotype with clopidogrel resistance (CR) in CVD patients, of Iraqi Arabic origin, hospitalized for elective PCI. Materials and methods This study was a case-control study with a total of 324 PCI patients. Those patients were classified into 213 patients with non-clopidogrel resistant and 111 patients with CR, depending on the analysis of platelet activity phenotype after clopidogrel administration. KDR rs1870377 was genotyped for all patients using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique and confirmed by DNA Sänger sequencing through applying Biosystems Model (ABI3730x1). Results KDR rs1870377 SNP is strongly associated (Chi-sqaure, p vale <0.05) with CR under dominant, co-dominant and recessive models. Additionally, A allele in the rs1870377 SNP may have an impact on the serum levels of VEGFR2 and low density lipoprotein. Conclusions KDR rs1870377 SNP is a potential genetic biomarker of CR among CVD patients of Iraqi Arabic origin. Further clinical studies, with larger sample, are required to confirm the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajdy Al Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan
| | - Ali A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq
| | - Asia Ali Hamza
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq
| | - Khalid I Amber
- Al Najaf Center for Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization in AL-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Al Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate, Iraq
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, 11734 Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghizal Fatima
- Era's Medical College, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahmed O Maslat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yulia Gushchina
- Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Omar Al Bawareed
- Department of Normal Physiology, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Najah R Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq
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Abdullah S, Jarrar Y, Alhawari H, Abed E, Zihlif M. The Influence of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Genetic Polymorphisms on Cholesterol Blood Levels Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Atorvastatin Therapy. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:352-359. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200621174858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a major role in the response of
anti-hypercholesterol statin drugs. Genetic polymorphisms in the eNOS gene affect the activity of
eNOS thereby modulating the statin response.
Objectives:
This study investigated the influence of major functional eNOS gene polymorphisms
(rs2070744, rs1799983, and rs61722009) on the lipid profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Jordanian
patients treated with atorvastatin.
Methods:
The sample comprised 103 T2DM patients who attended the diabetes clinic of Jordan University
Hospital. The T2DM patients had regularly been taking 20 mg atorvastatin. The atorvastatin
response was calculated by measuring the lipid profile before and after three months of atorvastatin
treatment. The eNOS genotypes of the subjects were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay.
Results:
No significant association was found between eNOS genetic polymorphisms and the response
to atorvastatin (ANOVA, p > 0.05). In addition, no significant difference in the frequency of eNOS
genotypes was found between T2DM patients and healthy subjects. However, patients with eNOS
rs1799983, 4a/4a, and rs61722009 G/G genotypes showed significantly lower levels of baseline total
cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) than did patients carrying the rs1799983 4b/4b or
rs61722009 T/T genotype (p < 0.05). The eNOS rs1799983 and rs61722009 polymorphisms were in
complete linkage disequilibrium (D' = 1).
Conclusion:
Although no association was found between eNOS genetic polymorphisms and atorvastatin
response, there was a significant association between the rs1799983 and rs61722009 genotypes
and baselines levels of TC and LDL in Jordanian T2DM patients. These genetic variants affect cholesterol
levels and may play a role in the susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases in T2DM patients. Further
studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hussam Alhawari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eyada Abed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Al-Doaiss A, Jarrar Y, Shati A, Alfaifi M, Al-Kahtani M, Jarrar B. Renal Alterations Induced by Chronic Exposure to Therapeutic Doses of Antihypercholestremic Atorvastatin. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:2043-2054. [PMID: 33413070 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210106105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atorvastatin (ATOR) is widely used for the treatment and prevention of hypercholesterolemia and various diseases, such as cardiovascular complication, with little data about the histopathological and ultrastructural renal alterations that might be induced by this drug. OBJECTIVES The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential toxicity of therapeutic doses of atorvastatin on the microanatomy and ultrastructure of renal tissues from Wistar albino rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar albino rats received an oral daily dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for 90 consecutive days. Biopsies from both kidneys of each study rat were taken for histopathological and ultrastructural examination. RESULTS ATOR-treated rats exhibited glomerular, tubular, and interstitial histological alterations, including degeneration, necrosis, hyaline droplets, edema, cortical hemorrhages, mesangial hypercellularity, and blood capillary dilation and congestion. In addition, ATOR exposure increased the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase with a concurrent reduction in proteins and neutral mucosubstances content of the glomeruli and renal cells. Moreover, ATOR-treated animals demonstrated glomerular ultrastructural alterations, consisting mainly of capillary tuft dilatation, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and mesangial cell proliferation. The renal cells of the proximal tubules demonstrated damaged mitochondria, degenerative cellular changes, endoplasmic reticulum dilatation, lysosomal and autophagosome activation, nuclear alteration, myelin figure formation, and microvilli disorganization. CONCLUSION The findings of the present work may indicate that ATOR can induce renal histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural alterations that may affect kidney and other vital organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Al-Doaiss
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University. Jordan
| | - Ali Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Kahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashir Jarrar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jerash University. Jordan
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Khalil R, Al-Awaida WJ, Al-Ameer HJ, Jarrar Y, Imraish A, Al Bawareed O, Qawadri R, Al Madhoon F, Obeidat L. Investigation of ACE rs4646994, MTHFR rs1801133 and VDR rs2228570 Genotypes in Jordanian Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1920-1928. [PMID: 33357202 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666201223104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disease characterized by widespread body pain, weakness in certain parts of the body (critical points), low pain tolerance, sleep disturbances, and fatigue. This syndrome is considered rare in Jordan. OBJECTIVES The research aimed to find out the association of the angiotensin converting enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and vitamin D receptor (ACE, MHFTR, and VDR, respectively) genotypes with FMS among Jordanian patients. METHODS This work included 22 FM patients and 22 healthy individuals of Jordanian Arabic origin. The ACE rs4646994, MTHFR rs1801133, and VDR rs2228570 genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS No associations between ACE rs4646994, MTHFR rs1801133, and VDR rs2228570 with the vulnerability of a person for the development of FMS were found. However, we found an association between the ACE rs4646994 genotype and restless leg among FM patients. CONCLUSION Based on result from this study, it appears that the ACE rs4646994 genotype is associated with restless leg among FMS patients of Jordanian origin. Further clinical investigations with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings and to understand the molecular mechanism of ACE rs4646994 genetic variant in the restless leg syndrome among FM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raida Khalil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman. Jordan
| | - Wajdy J Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba. Jordan
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba. Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman. Jordan
| | - Amer Imraish
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942. Jordan
| | - Omar Al Bawareed
- Peoples` Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Department of Normal Physiology. Russian Federation
| | - Rand Qawadri
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman. Jordan
| | - Farah Al Madhoon
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman. Jordan
| | - Loiy Obeidat
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman. Jordan
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Jarrar Y, Al-Doaiss A, Alfaifi M, Shati A, Al-Kahtani M, Jarrar B. The influence of five metallic nanoparticles on the expression of major drug-metabolizing enzyme genes with correlation of inflammation in mouse livers. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 80:103449. [PMID: 32593632 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in medical preparations. The present study aims to find out the influence of widely used five metallic NPs on the expression of major hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME) genes. Six groups of BALB/C mice, 7 mice each, were exposed to: Gold NPs, silver NPs, copper oxide NPs, silicon dioxide NPs and zinc oxide NPs, for 21 days. Liver biopsies from all mice were subjected to mouse cyp3a11, cyp2c29, ugt2b1 and interleukin-6 (il6) gene expression quantification using real-time polymerase chain reaction, in addition to inflammatory cell infiltration examination. All tested NPs caused a sharp and significant (ANOVA, p value <0.05) downregulation in the expression of DME genes, with the highest influence was observed in mice exposed to copper oxide NPs. Additionally, all NPs induced hepatic inflammation and upregulated the expression of il6 gene, which were inversely correlated with the expression of DMEs. It is concluded that all tested NPs downregulated the expression of DME genes, with the highest influence exhibited by copper oxide NPs, in correlation with inflammation and il6 gene induction in the liver. Further studies are needed to find out the effect of anti-inflammatory compounds against the alterations induced by metallic NPs exposure on hepatic DMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Jordan
| | - Amin Al-Doaiss
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Kahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashir Jarrar
- Nanobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Jerash University, Jordan.
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Jarrar Y, Zihlif M, Al Bawab AQ, Sharab A. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on Expression of Glucose Metabolism Genes in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:216-222. [PMID: 31738135 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191116095847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic condition induces molecular alterations which affect the survival rate and chemo-resistant phenotype of cancer cells. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of intermittent hypoxic conditions on the expression of glucose metabolism genes in breast cancer MCF7 cell line. METHODS The gene expression was analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction-array method. In addition, the cell resistance, survival and migration rates were examined to assure the hypoxic influence on the cells. RESULTS 30 hypoxic episodes induced the Warburg effect through significant (p-value < 0.05) upregulation of the expression of PCK2, PHKG1, ALDOC, G6PC, GYS2, ALDOB, HK3, PKLR, PGK2, PDK2, ACO1 and H6PD genes that are involved in glycolysis, were obtained. Furthermore, the expression of the major gluconeogenesis enzyme genes was significantly (ANOVA, p-value < 0.05) downregulated. These molecular alterations were associated with increased MCF7 cell division and migration rate. However, molecular and phenotypic changes induced after 30 episodes were normalized in MCF7 cells exposed to 60 hypoxic episodes. CONCLUSION It is concluded, from this study, that 30 intermitted hypoxic episodes increased the survival rate of MCF7 breast cancer cells and induced the Warburg effect through upregulation of the expression of genes involved in the glycolysis pathway. These results may increase our understanding of the molecular alterations of breast cancer cells under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdel Qader Al Bawab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Sharab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Jarrar Y, Jarrar Q, Abu-Shalhoob M, Abed A, Sha'ban E. Relative Expression of Mouse Udp-glucuronosyl Transferase 2b1 Gene in the Livers, Kidneys, and Hearts: The Influence of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Treatment. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:918-923. [PMID: 31733637 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191115103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse Udp-glucuronosyl Transferase (UGT) 2b1 is equivalent to the human UGT2B7 enzyme, which is a phase II drug-metabolising enzyme and plays a major role in the metabolism of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. This study aimed to find the relative expression of the mouse ugt2b1 gene in the liver, kidney, and heart organs and the influence of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) administration. METHODS Thirty-five Blab/c mice were divided into 5 groups and treated with different commonly-used NSAIDs; diclofenac, ibuprofen, meloxicam, and mefenamic acid for 14 days. The livers, kidneys, and hearts were isolated, while the expression of ugt2b1 gene was analysed with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS It was found that the ugt2b1 gene is highly expressed in the liver, and then in the heart and the kidneys. NSAIDs significantly upregulated (ANOVA, p < 0.05) the expression of ugt2b1 in the heart, while they downregulated its expression (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in the liver and kidneys. The level of NSAIDs' effect on ugt2b1 gene expression was strongly correlated (Spearman's Rho correlation, p < 0.05) with NSAID's lipophilicity in the liver and its elimination half-life in the heart. CONCLUSION This study concluded that the mouse ugt2b1 gene was mainly expressed in the liver, as 14-day administration of different NSAIDs caused alterations in the expression of this gene, which may influence the metabolism of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Abu-Shalhoob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulqader Abed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Esra'a Sha'ban
- ACDIMA Centre for Bioequivalence and Pharmaceutical Studies, Amman, Jordan
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Sobiahe A, Hijazi E, Al-Ameer HJ, Almasri Y, Jarrar Y, Zihlif M, Shomaf M, Al-Rawashdeh B. Arg399Gln XRCC1 Polymorphism and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck in Jordanian Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:663-665. [PMID: 32212791 PMCID: PMC7437344 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE X-ray repair cross-complementing group1 (XRCC1) is a key protein in base excision repair and closely associated with the coordination of the base excision repair pathway. Many studies have focused on XRCC1 SNPs and have shown an associated between these SNPs and the risk of several types of cancers, including head and neck cancer. There are many single nucleotide polymorphisms XRCC1 gene (SNPs) and the most common SNP that result in amino acid substitutions is exon 10 (Arg399Gln). This study aimed to investigate the association between Arg399Gln SNP and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. MATERIAL AND METHOD Ninety nine patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and 89 healthy adult controls were enrolled in this study. The Arg399Gln in XRCC1 allele was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS In the single-locus analyses, Arg399Gln SNP showed a significant association with head and neck cancer risk (p value = 0.016 and odd ratio of 1.8). On the genotype level, we applied three analysis models, namely co-dominant, dominant, and recessive genotypes. Arg/Arg homozygous major genotype was significantly (p value <0.05) associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma incidence with odd ratio of 2.23 and 2.24 for the co-dominant and recessive models, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that Arg399Gln allele was associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck among Jordanian patients. This allele might be used as a genetic biomarker of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Sobiahe
- Department of Dental Surgery, Islamic Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman Hijazi
- Department of Pathology, Islamic Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Yazan Almasri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maha Shomaf
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Baeth Al-Rawashdeh
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Jarrar Y, Mosleh R, Hawash M, Jarrar Q. Knowledge And Attitudes Of Pharmacy Students Towards Pharmacogenomics Among Universities In Jordan And West Bank Of Palestine. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2019; 12:247-255. [PMID: 31632127 PMCID: PMC6789177 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s222705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Testing by pharmacogenomics (PGx) aims to reduce the side-effects of medicines and to optimize therapy. Aim To ascertain the knowledge and attitudes towards PGx among pharmacy students in Jordan and West Bank of Palestine (WBP). Methods This cross-sectional study focused on pharmacy students from five universities in Jordan and WBP. Students were asked to answer an online survey comprising 30-closed ended questions measuring the knowledge and attitudes towards PGx. Results The total number of respondents to the questionnaire was 466. Most (96.1%) respondents knew that genetic variations can affect the drug response. Most students stated that the total number of lectures mentioning PGx was fewer than three. Most (>80%) respondents answered that they knew that human genetics can affect the response, inter-individual variation, and ethnic variations in the drug response. However, their knowledge about US Food and Drug Administration recommendations regarding PGx testing of commonly used drugs was weak. Also, 60.3% of respondents stated that the information they received about PGx was insufficient. Most (>92.7%) students wished to know more about PGx and believed that PGx is helpful in choosing the appropriate drug. Conclusion Pharmacy students had fair knowledge and good attitudes towards PGx. These factors could aid application of PGx in clinical practice in Jordan and WBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Al-Isra'a University, Amman, Jordan
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Abudahab S, Hakooz N, Jarrar Y, Al Shahhab M, Saleh A, Zihlif M, Dajani R. Interethnic Variations of UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 Polymorphisms in the Jordanian Population. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:399-410. [PMID: 31132973 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190528085151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucuronidation is one of the most important phase II metabolic pathways. It is catalyzed by a family of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGTs). UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 catalyze the glucuronidation of a diverse range of medications, environmental chemicals and endogenous compounds. Polymorphisms in the UGT1A gene could potentially be significant for the pharmacological, toxicological and physiological effects of the enzymes. OBJECTIVE The UGT1A gene is polymorphic among ethnic groups and the aim of this study was to investigate the different UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 polymorphisms in Circassians, Chechens and Jordanian-Arabs. METHODS A total of 168 healthy Jordanian-Arabs, 56 Circassians and 54 Chechens were included in this study. Genotyping of 20 different Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) was done by using polymerase chain reaction- DNA sequencing. RESULTS We found that Circassians and Chechens have significantly higher allele frequencies of UGT1A7*2, UGT1A7*3 and UGT1A7*4 than the Jordanian-Arab population, but all three populations have similar frequencies of UGT1A1*28. Therefore, Circassians and Chechens are expected to have significantly lower levels of the UGT1A7 enzyme with almost 90% of these populations having genes that encode low or intermediate enzyme activity. CONCLUSION This inter-ethnic variation in the UGT1A alleles frequencies may affect drug response and susceptibility to cancers among different subethnic groups in Jordan. Our results can also provide useful information for the Jordanian population and for future genotyping of Circassian and Chechen populations in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abudahab
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nancy Hakooz
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Shahhab
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rana Dajani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Rjoub M, Saleh A, Hakooz N, Imraish A, Jarrar Y, Zihlif M. Allelic frequency of PON1 Q192R, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 among Jordanian patients taking clopidogrel. TROP J PHARM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v17i11.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Almansour M, Jarrar Y, Jarrar B. Propolis Protective Role Against Morphological, Hormonal Biochemical and Histological Alterations Induced by Sildenafil Overdoses. INT J MORPHOL 2016. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022016000200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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