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Kang A, Kwak MJ, Lee DJ, Lee JJ, Kim MK, Song M, Lee M, Yang J, Oh S, Kim Y. Dietary supplementation with probiotics promotes weight loss by reshaping the gut microbiome and energy metabolism in obese dogs. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0255223. [PMID: 38270436 PMCID: PMC10913549 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02552-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight among companion animals are significant concerns, paralleling the issues observed in human populations. Recent research has highlighted the potential benefits of various probiotics in addressing weight-related changes, obesity, and associated pathologies. In this study, we delved into the beneficial probiotic mechanisms in high-fat-induced obese canines, revealing that Enterococcus faecium IDCC 2102 (IDCC 2102) and Bifidobacterium lactis IDCC 4301 (IDCC 4301) have the capacity to mitigate the increase in body weight and lipid accumulation in obese canines subjected to a high-fat diet and hyperlipidemic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strain VS29. Both IDCC 2102 and IDCC 4301 demonstrated the ability to reduce systemic inflammation and hormonal disruptions induced by obesity. Notably, these probiotics induced modifications in the microbiota by promoting lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and S24-7, with concomitant activation of pyruvate metabolism. IDCC 4301, through the generation of bacterial short-chain fatty acids and carboxylic acids, facilitated glycolysis and contributed to ATP synthesis. Meanwhile, IDCC 2102 produced bacterial metabolites such as acetic acid and butyric acid, exhibiting a particular ability to stimulate dopamine synthesis in a canine model. This stimulation led to the restoration of eating behavior and improvements in glucose and insulin tolerance. In summary, we propose novel probiotics for the treatment of obese animals based on the modifications induced by IDCC 2102 and IDCC 4301. These probiotics enhanced systemic energy utilization in response to high caloric intake, thereby preventing lipid accumulation and restoring stability to the fecal microbiota. Consequently, this intervention resulted in a reduction in systemic inflammation caused by the high-fat diet.IMPORTANCEProbiotic supplementation affected commensal bacterial proliferation, and administering probiotics increased glycolysis and activated pyruvate metabolism in the body, which is related to propanate metabolism as a result of pyruvate metabolism activation boosting bacterial fatty acid production via dopamine and carboxylic acid specialized pathways, hence contributing to increased ATP synthesis and energy metabolism activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel Junpyo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minjee Lee
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jungwoo Yang
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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On JY, Kim SH, Kim JM, Park S, Kim KH, Lee CH, Kim SK. Effects of Fermented Artemisia annua L. and Salicornia herbacea L. on Inhibition of Obesity In Vitro and In Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2022. [PMID: 37432154 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts including secondary metabolites have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity properties of fermented Artemisia annua (AW) and Salicornia herbacea (GW) in vitro and in mice. The metabolite profiling of AW and GW extracts was performed using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS, and gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR for adipocyte difference factors. The anti-obesity effects in mice were measured using serum AST, ALT, glucose, TG, and cholesterol levels. Metabolites of the plant extracts after fermentation showed distinct differences with increasing anti-obesity active substances. The efficacy of inhibitory differentiation adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was better for GW than AW in a concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR showed that the GW extract significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and Fas). In C57BL/6 mice fed the HFD, the group supplemented with AW and GW showed reduced liver weight, NAS value, and fatty liver by suppressing liver fat accumulation. The GW group significantly reduced ALT, blood glucose, TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. This study displayed significant metabolite changes through biotransformation in vitro and the increasing anti-obesity effects of GW and AW in mice. GW may be applicable as functional additives for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeon On
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mee Kim
- Institute of Animal Resource Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Resource Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Park H, Lee KW, Shin D. Association of Seaweed Consumption with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Foods 2022; 11:1635. [PMID: 35681385 PMCID: PMC9180172 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between seaweed consumption and the odds of developing metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Koreans. The study included 5777 adults aged 40-69 years from 2001 to 2002 in the Ansan and Ansung cohorts of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Data on the consumption of seaweed, including laver and kelp/sea mustard, were obtained using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between seaweed consumption and the odds of developing metabolic syndrome and its components. Women in the highest tertile of laver consumption had lower odds of developing metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest tertile (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.92). Both men and women in the highest tertile of laver consumption had lower odds of abdominal obesity than those in the lowest tertile (AOR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98 for men; AOR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.39-0.72 for women). These findings suggest that laver consumption is inversely associated with the odds of developing metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Home Economics Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
| | - Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
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Lin W, Wen X, Li X, Chen L, Wei W, Zhang L, Chen J. MiR-144 regulates adipogenesis by mediating formation of C/EBPα-FOXO1 protein complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 612:126-133. [PMID: 35525196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CeRNA effect was an important regulation mode of miRNA mediated bio-activities, however, most of the researches of ceRNA were on ncRNAs synergetic with mRNAs, the exploration of ceRNA effect regulated mRNA interaction was still lack of. Besides, C/EBPα was one of the most crucial adipogenic regulators, which has been demonstrated to form a protein complex with FOXO1 to mediate AdipoQ expression. So that, we try to explore whether the ceRNA effect mediated the interaction of C/EBPα and FOXO1, and identified the key miRNAs of their ceRNA effect. In this paper, we found the ceRNA effect of C/EBPα and FOXO1 mediated their protein complex formation, furthermore regulated its transcriptional role for AdipoQ, thereby influencing pre-adipocytes adipogenesis. More importantly, we demonstrated that the miR-144 was the decisive factor that mediated the ceRNA effect of C/EBPα and FOXO1 to influence AdipoQ, thus regulated pre-adipocytes adipogenesis. This research will provide a new supplementary idea of the miRNA role in mediating coding RNA interaction that regulates pre-adipocyte adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xianyu Wen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xuexin Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Choi SY, Lee SY, Kim HG, Jeong JC, Batara DC, Kim SH, Cho JY. Shinorine and porphyra-334 isolated from laver (Porphyra dentata) inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:617-625. [PMID: 35529689 PMCID: PMC9033900 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) such as shinorine and porphyra-334 from Porphyra spp. are bioactive compounds with strong photoprotective and antioxidant properties. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of shinorine and porphyra-334 was examined in vitro utilizing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Shinorine and porphyra-334 were extracted from laver (Porphyra dentata) 50% methanolic (MeOH) extract of and their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR spectroscopy. Both compounds had no cytotoxic effect in 3T3-L1 cells (< 200 μg/mL) and inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner (0.1 and 1.0 μM). Interestingly, both compounds had also significantly reduced the expression of adipogenic-related genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), adiponectin, and leptin in 3T3-L1 cells. The findings suggest that shinorine and porphyra-334 have the potential to inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Kim
- Mokpo Marine Food-Industry Research Center, Mokpo, 58621 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheon Jeong
- Mokpo Marine Food-Industry Research Center, Mokpo, 58621 Republic of Korea
| | - Don Carlo Batara
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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Chebulinic Acid Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Inhibiting PPP1CB Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020865. [PMID: 35055051 PMCID: PMC8775935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depletion of protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit beta (PPP1CB), a serine/threonine protein phosphatase and potent adipogenic activator, suppresses the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Therefore, PPP1CB is considered as a potential therapeutic target for obesity. We screened 1033 natural products for PPP1CB inhibitors and identified chebulinic acid, which is abundantly present in the seeds of Euphoria longana and fruits of Terminalia chebula. Chebulinic acid strongly inhibited the hydrolysis of 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate by PPP1CB (IC50 = 300 nM) and demonstrated potent antiadipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. Additional studies have demonstrated that chebulinic acid suppresses early differentiation by downregulating key transcription factors that control adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggested that chebulinic acid may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating obesity by inhibiting PPP1CB activity.
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