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Chagas ÉCDS, Ferreira FADS, Mwangi VI, Terrazas WCM, Becker JN, Simões RDC, Pacífico EMSS, Silva ASD, Marques CDS, Chagas ECDS, Machado MB, Figueira EAG, Castro DBD, Ramos TCA, Oliveira JHD. Spatio-temporal analysis of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis incidences in the Brazilian state of Amazonas: 2011 to 2022. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107266. [PMID: 38772433 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a spatio-temporal analysis of tegumentary leishmaniasis occurrences in the Amazonas state, Brazil. An ecological study encompassing time series and spatial analysis was performed, exploring the geographic distribution and temporal trends of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) in Amazonas between 2011 and 2022. Secondary data extracted from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) were utilized for this analysis. The study evaluated the relationship between disease cases and environmental/climatic variables (deforestation, temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity). Over the study period, 19,730 cases of tegumentary leishmaniasis were recorded, averaging an incidence of 41.4/100,000 inhabitants across the 62 municipalities of Amazonas state. Disease intensity varied with seasons. Generally, Amazonas state displayed a declining trend in ATL cases. However, certain municipalities, notably Rio Preto da Eva and Presidente Figueiredo, exhibited high incidence rates, while Canutama, Envira, Eirunepé, and Pauini municipalities demand closer attention due to their demonstrated increasing temporal trend of ATL cases. The analysis indicated a correlation between the number of ATL cases reported and relative humidity as well as precipitation. These findings underscore the significance of tegumentary leishmaniasis as a public health issue in the region and emphasize the necessity for public initiatives aimed at preventing this endemic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Irungu Mwangi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/ Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Jaidson Nandi Becker
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas Dra, Rosemary Costa Pinto, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rejane de Castro Simões
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas Dra, Rosemary Costa Pinto, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Arineia Soares da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas/ Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Cintia da Silva Marques
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas Dra, Rosemary Costa Pinto, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Myrna Barata Machado
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas Dra, Rosemary Costa Pinto, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Barros de Castro
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas Dra, Rosemary Costa Pinto, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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dos Santos MF, Lorenz C, Chiaravalotti-Neto F, Lima-Camara TN. Spatial analysis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of Amazonas. Rev Saude Publica 2024; 58:11. [PMID: 38656046 PMCID: PMC11037905 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058005662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate, using spatial analysis, the occurrence of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) and analyze its association with the municipal human development index (MHDI) and deforestation in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, from 2016 to 2020. METHODS This ecological study, carried out from January 2016 to December 2020, included the 62 municipalities of the state of Amazonas. The incidence rate of ACL was determined in space and time. Using Multiple Linear Regression by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Spatial Autoregressive Regression (SAR) models, the relationship between incidence rates and Human Development Index (HDI) and deforestation was analyzed., The high- and low-risk clusters were identified by employing the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. RESULTS A total of 7,499 cases of ACL were registered in all 62 municipalities in the state. Most cases were in male (n=5,924; 79.24%), with the greatest frequency in the population aged from 20 to 39 years (n=3,356; 44.7%). The incidence rate in the state of Amazonas was 7.34 cases per 100,000 inhabitants-year, with the municipalities of Rio Preto da Eva and Presidente Figueiredo showing the highest rates (1,377.5 and 817.5 cases per 100,000 population-year, respectively). The ACL cases were clustered into specific areas related to those municipalities with the highest incidence rates. The SAR model revealed a positive relationship between ACL and deforestation. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of ACL was evident in a variety of patterns in the state of Amazonas; the high incidence rates and persistence of this disease in this state were linked to deforestation. The temporal distribution showed variations in the incidence rates during each year. Our results can help optimize the measures needed to prevent and control this disease in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirely Ferreira dos Santos
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde PúblicaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila Lorenz
- Universidade de São PauloInstituto de Estudos AvançadosSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Francisco Chiaravalotti-Neto
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Saúde Pública Departamento de EpidemiologiaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Epidemiologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Tamara Nunes Lima-Camara
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Saúde Pública Departamento de EpidemiologiaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Epidemiologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Pereira Júnior AM, Teles CBG, de Azevedo dos Santos AP, de Souza Rodrigues M, Marialva EF, Pessoa FAC, Medeiros JF. Ecological aspects and molecular detection of Leishmania DNA Ross (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in terra firme and várzea environments in the Middle Solimões Region, Amazonas State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:180. [PMID: 25889808 PMCID: PMC4378226 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects of medical importance due to the role that some species play in the transmission of leishmaniasis. This work aimed to study some ecological aspects among sand flies fauna inhabiting two different environments: the várzea (lowland Amazonian forest) and terra firme (upland Amazonian forest), both located in Tefé Municipality, Amazonas State, Braziland to detect Leishmania infection in those phlebotomine populations. Methods Sand flies were collected using HP light traps. Collection took place over the course of six months: January, February, April, August, September, and October of 2013. To detect natural infection by Leishmania, DNA samples were extracted from female sand flies and submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the kDNA gene; Leishmania species were identified by PCR-RFLP targeting the hsp70 gene and genetic sequencing. Results In all, 5,716 individuals were collected, and 46 species were identified. Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (3,330 – 58.26%) and Nyssomyia antunesi (661 – 11.26%) were the most abundant species. Species richness was greater in terra firme environments (42 species) than in the várzea environments (22 species), and forests ecotopes (43 species) were richer than peridomiciles (28 species). DNA of Leishmania was found in Th. ubiquitalis and Psychodopygus davisi, both of which inhabit the terra firme environment and sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni DNA in Th. ubiquitalis in Tefé Municipality. Conclusions The high abundance of Th. ubiquitalis and Ps. davisi and detection of DNA of Leishmania sp. may indicate that both species could be putative vectors for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in the terra firme environment of Tefé. The sand fly fauna found in várzea is rich and diverse, exhibiting several species, nevertheless the seasonal hydric stress during part of the year that could influence the local diversity, if compared with other studies. This is the first report in Amazonas State of Th. ubiquitalis with presence of L. (V.) lainsoni DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Bioni Garcia Teles
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) - Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula de Azevedo dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) - Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | | | - Eric Fabrício Marialva
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) - Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) - Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) - Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Entomologia - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
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