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Bertram CA, Donovan TA, Bartel A. Mitotic activity: A systematic literature review of the assessment methodology and prognostic value in canine tumors. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241239565. [PMID: 38533804 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241239565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
One of the most relevant prognostic indices for tumors is cellular proliferation, which is most commonly measured by the mitotic activity in routine tumor sections. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze the methods and prognostic relevance of histologically measuring mitotic activity that have been reported for canine tumors in the literature. A total of 137 articles that correlated the mitotic activity in canine tumors with patient outcome were identified through a systematic (PubMed and Scopus) and nonsystematic (Google Scholar) literature search and eligibility screening process. Mitotic activity methods encompassed the mitotic count (MC, number of mitotic figures per tumor area) in 126 studies, presumably the MC (method not specified) in 6 studies, and the mitotic index (MI, number of mitotic figures per number of tumor cells) in 5 studies. A particularly high risk of bias was identified based on the available details of the MC methods and statistical analyses, which often did not quantify the prognostic discriminative ability of the MC and only reported P values. A significant association of the MC with survival was found in 72 of 109 (66%) studies. However, survival was evaluated by at least 3 studies in only 7 tumor types/groups, of which a prognostic relevance is apparent for mast cell tumors of the skin, cutaneous melanoma, and soft tissue tumor of the skin and subcutis. None of the studies using the MI found a prognostic relevance. This review highlights the need for more studies with standardized methods and appropriate analysis of the discriminative ability to prove the prognostic value of the MC and MI in various tumor types. Future studies are needed to evaluate the influence of the performance of individual pathologists on the appropriateness of prognostic thresholds and investigate methods to improve interobserver reproducibility.
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Bertram CA, Donovan TA, Bartel A. Mitotic activity: A systematic literature review of the assessment methodology and prognostic value in feline tumors. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241239566. [PMID: 38533803 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241239566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Increased proliferation is a driver of tumorigenesis, and quantification of mitotic activity is a standard task for prognostication. This systematic review is an analysis of all available references on mitotic activity in feline tumors to provide an overview of the assessment methods and prognostic value. A systematic literature search in PubMed and Scopus and a nonsystematic search in Google Scholar were conducted. All articles on feline tumors that correlated mitotic activity with patient outcome were identified. Data analysis revealed that of the 42 eligible articles, mitotic count (MC, mitotic figures/tumor area) was evaluated in 39 studies, and mitotic index (MI, mitotic figures/tumor cells) in 3 studies. The risk of bias was considered high for most studies (26/42, 62%) based on small study populations, insufficient details of the MC/MI methods, and lack of statistical measures for diagnostic accuracy or effect on outcome. The MC/MI methods varied between studies. A significant association of MC with survival was determined in 20 of 28 (71%) studies (10 studies evaluated other outcome metrics or provided individual patient data), while 1 study found an inverse effect. Three tumor types had at least 4 studies, and a prognostic association with survival was found in 5 of 6 studies on mast cell tumors, 5 of 5 on mammary tumors, and 3 of 4 on soft-tissue sarcomas. MI was shown to correlate with survival for mammary tumors by 2 research groups; however, comparisons to MC were not conducted. Further studies with standardized mitotic activity methods and appropriate statistical analysis for discriminant ability of patient outcome are needed to infer the prognostic value of MC and MI.
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Gualtieri P, Martin T, Leary D, Lana SE, LaRue SM, Boss MK. Canine salivary gland carcinoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy: a retrospective case series. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1202265. [PMID: 37441554 PMCID: PMC10333581 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1202265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to describe the therapeutic outcomes of dogs with locally advanced salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Methods A single institution retrospective study was conducted of client-owned dogs with macroscopic SGC treated with SBRT. Patient signalment, clinical characteristics, and treatment parameters were recorded. Clinical benefit was determined based on follow-up physical examination and medical history. Progression-free interval (PFI), median survival time (MST), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Acute and late toxicity were recorded according to Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (VRTOG) criteria. Results Six patients were included in the study. Tumor origins were mandibular (n = 3), parotid (n = 2), and zygomatic (n = 1) salivary glands. The SBRT prescription was 10 Gy × 3 daily or every other day. All patients (100%) experienced clinical benefit from treatment at a median time of 34 days (range 28-214). No local or regional nodal failure was reported following SBRT. Progressive pulmonary metastatic disease was documented in three dogs (50%). The median PFI was 260 days (range 43-1,014) and the MST was 397 days (range 185-1,014). Median DSS was 636 days (range 185-1,014). Four dogs (66.6%) died of confirmed or suspected metastatic SGC. The reported acute side effects included grade 2 mucositis (n = 1) and vision loss (n = 1). No late side effects were recorded. Conclusion This study suggests that SBRT may provide durable local control for invasive SGC in dogs. Further investigation in a larger cohort of patients is warranted. The incidence of reported acute and late toxicity was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gualtieri
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Tiffany Martin
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Del Leary
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Susan E. Lana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Susan M. LaRue
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Xu S, Xie J, Wang S, Tang N, Feng J, Su Y, Li G. Reversing stage III oral adenocarcinoma in a dog treated with anti-canine PD-1 therapeutic antibody: a case report. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1144869. [PMID: 37252387 PMCID: PMC10219605 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1144869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is one of the most promising treatment therapies for human cancers. Canine PD-1 antibodies used in clinical trials have also shown efficacy in treating canine cancers. An 11-year-old male intact border collie presented to us for evaluation of left cervical mass. Computed tomography (CT) examination revealed an irregular pharyngeal mass invading the surrounding soft tissue. Histological and immunohistochemical results were consistent with a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, most likely originating from the minor salivary gland. An anti-canine PD-1 monoclonal antibody was administered. Two months after the initial treatment, the tumor reached partial remission and maintained as such for 6 months. Finally, the patient was euthanized due to reasons unrelated to cancer, with a survival time of 316 days. To our knowledge, this is the first report of response to PD-1 blockade treatment in canine adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshu Xie
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junli Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youhong Su
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Gebin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Bush KM, Grimes JA, Linden DS, Plavec T, Kessler M, Rossanese M, Bennett B, Chadsey L, Coggeshall WS, Matz BM. Outcomes and clinical features associated with surgically excised canine salivary gland carcinoma: A multi-institutional, retrospective, Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology study. Vet Surg 2023; 52:370-378. [PMID: 36647241 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe the clinical features, prognostic factors, and outcomes in dogs with surgically treated salivary gland carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Multi-institutional retrospective case series. ANIMALS Seventy-two client-owned dogs from 16 institutions with surgically excised salivary gland carcinoma. METHODS Medical records of dogs undergoing sialoadenectomy from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2020 were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, preoperative staging results, preoperative mass evaluation, complications, histopathologic diagnosis, local recurrence, metastatic disease, and survival times. Survival functions were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Factors related to survival were individually tested using the log-rank test. RESULTS The overall median survival time (MST) associated with salivary carcinoma was 1886 days. Local recurrence occurred in 29/69 (42%) dogs with an overall disease-free interval (DFI) of 191 days. Metastatic disease occurred in 22/69 (31.9%) dogs, with an overall DFI of 299 days. Lymph node metastasis was present at the time of surgery in 11/38 (28.9%) dogs in which lymphadenectomy was performed at the time of surgery; these dogs had a shorter DFI at 98 days (P = .03) and MST at 248 days (P < .001). CONCLUSION The prognosis for dogs with salivary gland carcinoma treated surgically was more favorable than previously reported. Nodal metastasis was a negative prognostic factor for canine salivary gland carcinoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surgical intervention should be considered for dogs with salivary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel S Linden
- First Coast Veterinary Specialists, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Tanja Plavec
- IVC Evidensia Tierklinik Hofheim GmbH, Hofheim am Taunus, Germany
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Kessler
- IVC Evidensia Tierklinik Hofheim GmbH, Hofheim am Taunus, Germany
| | - Matteo Rossanese
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | | | - Laura Chadsey
- Department of Surgery, Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Viitanen J, de Rooster H, Kitshoff A, Arzi B, Devriendt N. Intraoral approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs: An anatomical study and three clinical cases. Vet Surg 2023; 52:257-265. [PMID: 36367226 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe an intraoral approach (IOA) for zygomatic sialadenectomy in dogs and to compare this surgical approach to a modified lateral orbitotomy approach (LOA). STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study and short case series. SAMPLE POPULATION Ten canine cadavers and three dogs with clinical disease. METHODS Bilateral zygomatic sialoadenectomies were performed in six mesocephalic, two brachycephalic and two dolichocephalic cadavers, randomly assigned to IOA on one side and LOA on the contralateral side. Duration of surgery, ease of surgical stage scores (rated on 5-point Likert scale) and completeness of gland removal were recorded. Additionally, IOA was performed in three dogs with zygomatic salivary gland (ZSG) disease. RESULTS Removal of the ZSG was complete in 8/10 and 10/10 dogs using the IOA and LOA, respectively. Surgery was faster with IOA (42.0 min; 33.5-49.6 min) than LOA (65.7 min; 54.9-76.4 min, p = .005). Ease of removal did not differ between approaches (p = .091). Diseased ZSGs were successfully removed in three dogs without intra- or short-term postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS The intraoral approach described here was technically equally challenging but faster than the LOA. Its clinical use led to an uneventful surgery with excellent short-term outcome in three dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The IOA provides an alternative approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs with ZSG disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Viitanen
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hilde de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Adriaan Kitshoff
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nausikaa Devriendt
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Muñoz-Duque JD, Duque-Arias S, Correa-Valencia NM. Histopathological Results of Mouth Lesions in Dogs and Cats from Colombia. J Vet Dent 2022; 40:164-173. [PMID: 36575614 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221146896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mouth-related neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions are commonly found in dogs and cats, and their diagnosis and classification are important for treatment planning and prognosis. This retrospective study analyzed mouth-related lesions in dogs and cats between 2000-2019 from the animal pathology laboratory of the Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. A total of 640 mouth-related lesions affecting 572 dogs (89.4%) and 68 cats (10.6%) were reviewed. Lesions were classified as neoplastic or non-neoplastic. The average age for neoplastic lesions was 8.6 years in dogs and 6.4 years in cats, while for non-neoplastic lesions the average age was 7.7 years for dogs and 5 years for cats. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods according to year and source of report, demographic information for the animal, location of the lesion, and diagnosis. Tissue origin and behavior were variables considered for neoplastic lesions. Melanoma was the most common neoplasia in dogs and squamous cell carcinoma was most common in cats. The most frequent non-neoplastic lesion in dogs was gingival hyperplasia, while in cats the inflammatory lesions showed a wide range of morphological diagnoses. This study described many pathological lesions affecting the oral cavity for both dogs and cats and provides useful epidemiological data for both pathologists and clinicians.
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Yang M, Yun H, Lee KC, Lim CW, Kim B. Clear cell variant mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland in a grey wolf (
Canis lupus
). Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2678-2682. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myeon‐Sik Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Jeonbuk National University Iksan‐si Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Jeonbuk National University Iksan‐si Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chang Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology College of Veterinary Medicine Jeonbuk National University Iksan‐si Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Jeonbuk National University Iksan‐si Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Jeonbuk National University Iksan‐si Jeollabuk‐do Republic of Korea
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Bobis-Villagrá D, Rossanese M, Murgia D, Pisani G, Vallefuoco R, Matres-Lorenzo L, Bourbos A, Cantatore M, Cinti F. Feline sialocoele: clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in 19 cases. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:754-758. [PMID: 34542357 PMCID: PMC10812260 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211046197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this retrospective observational study was to describe the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of cats with sialocoele. METHODS Clinical records from seven referral hospitals were retrospectively searched to identify cats with sialocoele between 2007 and 2021. RESULTS Nineteen cats were identified. The most common clinical signs were ptyalism, dysphagia and anorexia. Localisation of the sialocoele was cervical (n = 6), sublingual (n = 6), cervical/sublingual (n = 3), facial (n = 2), cervical/pharyngeal (n = 1) and zygomatic (n = 1). The affected salivary glands were mandibular-sublingual (n = 15), mandibular-sublingual/parotid (n = 1), zygomatic/parotid (n = 1) and parotid (n = 2). The aetiology of the sialocoele was traumatic in two cases, neoplastic in one cat and unknown in 16 cats. Sialoadenectomy was performed in 11 cats. Other treatments included ranula marsupialisation (n = 3), needle drainage (n = 2), single stab incision (n = 2) and parotid duct ligation (n = 1). The median follow-up time was 399 days (range 15-1460). Postoperative seroma was the only complication observed in one cat. No recurrence was reported. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Feline salivary sialocoele are relatively rare and have a good prognosis. They can be managed successfully with sialoadenectomy; however, a more conservative approach can be used with appropriate case selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Filippo Cinti
- Eastcott Referrals Veterinary Hospital, Swindon, UK
- Clinica Veterinaria Apuana - Anicura, Marina di Carrara, Italy
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McKeever JM, Newkirk KM. Unilateral mixed adenoma of the third eyelid lacrimal gland in a boxer dog. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6258. [PMID: 35999989 PMCID: PMC9388836 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A female boxer dog was presented with a mass expanding the left third eyelid. Histopathology revealed a mass composed of pleomorphic cells arranged in tubuloacinar structures, a fibrovascular myxoid stroma, and intermixed trabeculae of woven bone. The mass was diagnosed as a mixed adenoma of the third eyelid lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim M. Newkirk
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
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Prümmer JK, Moioli M, Richard OK, Maiolini A. Clinical, imaging and histopathological features of concurrent malignancies in a dog: Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin and a malignant parotid gland carcinoma. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Katrin Prümmer
- Division of Clinical Neurology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Melania Moioli
- Division of Clinical Radiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Clinica Veterinaria Orobica Bergamo Italy
| | - Olivia Kristina Richard
- Institute of Animal Pathology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Pathovet Tagelswangen Germany
| | - Arianna Maiolini
- Institute of Animal Pathology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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Chadsey LE, Cook MR, Selmic LE, Premanandan C, DiVincenzo MJ, Wellman M, Brown ME. Parotid Salivary Gland Extramedullary Plasmacytoma with Local Lymph Node Metastasis in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A 12 yr old spayed female mixed-breed dog presented for evaluation of a recurrent soft-tissue sarcoma. On physical examination, a firm mass was palpated ventral to the left ramus of the mandible. A fine-needle aspirate of the mass was suggestive of a round-cell neoplasm. A complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, and an abdominal ultrasound with liver and splenic aspirates were performed, and no clinically relevant abnormalities were identified. Advanced imaging of the skull identified an enlarged parotid salivary gland and an enlarged ipsilateral medial retropharyngeal lymph node. The medial retropharyngeal lymph node was sampled via fine-needle aspiration, and a round-cell population similar to what was present in the mass was identified. An incisional biopsy was performed under general anesthesia, which yielded a diagnosis of salivary gland extramedullary plasmacytoma, confirmed with immunohistochemistry (MUM-1). The parotid salivary gland and medial retropharyngeal lymph node were then surgically excised, and metastasis to the lymph node was confirmed by histopathology. The dog remained alive for 685 days after surgery until she was euthanized for hindlimb paresis of undetermined cause.
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Tan YL, Marques A, Schwarz T, Mitchell J, Liuti T. Clinical and CT sialography findings in 22 dogs with surgically confirmed sialoceles. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:699-710. [PMID: 35635739 PMCID: PMC9796823 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialoceles are an uncommon canine salivary gland disease, and complete surgical resection is important for a positive outcome. Radiographic sialography has been described as a diagnostic test for presurgical planning; however, superimposition artifacts may limit the diagnosis and detection of all affected glands. Computed tomographic (CT) sialography is a promising technique for delineating the salivary gland apparatus. The aims of this retrospective, observational study were to describe clinical and CT sialographic findings in a group of dogs with confirmed sialoceles, to determine the sensitivity of CT sialography for detecting affected salivary glands using surgery as the reference standard and to determine interobserver agreement for CT sialographic assessments. Dogs were included if they underwent a CT sialography study followed by surgical resection of the diseased gland(s) and histopathological analysis. Computed tomography sialography studies of dogs with surgically confirmed sialoceles (n = 22) were reviewed by a European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (ECVDI)-certified radiologist and an ECVDI resident. Interobserver agreement was calculated using Cohen's kappa statistics. CT sialography results were compared to surgical findings to determine sensitivity. Contrast leakage was detected in 12 of 22 dogs (54.5%), with intrasialocele leakage being most frequently observed (7/12, 58.3%). There was substantial agreement (κ = 0.70) between reviewers identifying diseased glands, substantial agreement (κ = 0.62) on the diagnostic quality, and no to slight agreement (к = 0.13) in the detection of contrast leakage. The overall sensitivity of CT sialography to detect surgically confirmed diseased glands was 66.7% (95% confidence interval: 48.8-80.8). In conclusion, these findings support the use of CT sialography as an adjunct diagnostic test for treatment planning in dogs with sialoceles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin Tan
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin InstituteThe University of EdinburghRoslinUK
| | - Ana Marques
- Vets Now Emergency and Specialty HospitalGlasgowUK
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin InstituteThe University of EdinburghRoslinUK
| | - Jordan Mitchell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin InstituteThe University of EdinburghRoslinUK
| | - Tiziana Liuti
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin InstituteThe University of EdinburghRoslinUK
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14
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Zetterström SM, Matz BM, Neto RLALT, Lindley SES, Cole RC, Wilhite R, Boone LH. Partial parotid sialoadenectomy in a horse with parotid ductal carcinoma: Surgical description and case report. Vet Surg 2021; 51:296-302. [PMID: 34850982 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the surgical findings, histopathological features, and long-term outcome for a horse with parotid salivary carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Case report ANIMALS: Twelve year old American Quarter Horse gelding. METHODS The gelding was presented for a 10 × 10 cm swelling below the base of the right ear. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a mass involving the right parotid salivary gland. Incisional biopsy was consistent with parotid carcinoma. The tumor was marginally excised. The lateral wall of the guttural pouch was excised with the mass and was reconstructed with a porcine small intestinal submucosal (SIS) sheet. Cisplatin beads were implanted in the wound bed prior to closure. Firocoxib (0.1 mg/kg orally, daily, every 24 h) treatment was initiated. RESULTS Postoperative complications included right-sided facial nerve paralysis, difficulty with deglutition of fibrous feeds, and surgical site dehiscence. Wound healing was achieved by second intention. Partial improvement in nerve function was observed within the first 6 months. At 12 months postparotidectomy, no sign of tumor reoccurrence or metastatic disease was present, and the gelding returned to work. CONCLUSION Partial parotid sialoadenectomy was performed with a favorable long-term outcome. Regional anatomic knowledge is crucial.
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15
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Chiti LE, Stefanello D, Manfredi M, Zani DD, De Zani D, Boracchi P, Giudice C, Grieco V, Di Giancamillo M, Ferrari R. To map or not to map the cN0 neck: Impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy in canine head and neck tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:661-670. [PMID: 33886154 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumour stage is a prognostic indicator for canine malignant head and neck tumours (MHNT). However, consensus is lacking on nodal staging in the absence of clinically apparent nodal disease (cN0 neck). This prospective observational study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of radiopharmaceutical and blue dye for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), to assess the correspondence between sentinel lymph node (SLN) and clinically expected regional lymph node (RLN) and the impact on staging of the procedure in dogs with MHNT and cN0 neck. Twenty-three dogs with MHNT and cN0 neck underwent tumour excision and SLNB guided by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma-probe and blue dye. Diagnostic performances and detection rate were calculated. Correspondence between SLN and RLN, number of nodes excised, histopathological status of the SLN and complications related to the procedure were recorded. The mapping technique identified at least one SLN in 19/23 dogs, with a detection rate of 83%. The SLN did not correspond to the RLN in 52% of dogs. Multiple nodes were removed in 61% of dogs. At histopathology, eight (42%) dogs had SLN+, of which four differed from the RLN. Only minor self-limiting complications occurred in five (22%) dogs. Radiopharmaceutical and blue dye guidance is accurate (sensitivity 88.9%; specificity 100%) for SLNB in dogs with MHNT and cN0 and allowed the extirpation of unpredictable and/or multiple SLN with minimal morbidity. Incorporation of SLNB in the management of MHNT is desirable to correctly stage the cN0 neck, owing the unpredictability of the lymphatic drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia E Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide D Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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16
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Dörner J, Oberbacher S, Dupré G. Comparison of three surgical approaches for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in canine cadavers. Vet Surg 2021; 50:564-570. [PMID: 33559906 PMCID: PMC8048638 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective To compare three surgical approaches for excision of the zygomatic gland in dogs. Study design Cadaveric study. Animals Cadavers of mesocephalic dogs (n = 20). Methods Each skull was assigned to a lateral approach with zygomatic arch ostectomy on the left (n = 20) and one approach without ostectomy on the right, ventral (n = 10) or dorsal (n = 10) to the zygomatic arch. Approaches were evaluated for surgical exposure (rated on a scale of 1‐5 with one optimal exposure), tissue trauma, and completeness of gland removal. Glands from each side were weighed to compare as internal control. Results The ostectomy‐based approach offered excellent surgical view and good exposure of the zygomatic gland but caused more tissue trauma. The dorsal nonostectomy approach did not allow complete zygomatic gland extraction in nine of the 10 dogs, whereas the ventral nonostectomy approach enabled complete extraction in all 10 dogs. Conclusion The ventral zygomatic approach allowed complete removal of the zygomatic gland, with good surgical overview, while reducing tissue trauma and preserving the zygomatic arch. Clinical significance The ventral nonostectomy approach should be considered as an alternative to excise the zygomatic gland in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Dörner
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Oberbacher
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilles Dupré
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Clancey NP, Martinson SA, Ruffino J. What is your diagnosis? Ventrolateral cervical mass in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:86-88. [PMID: 33455014 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel P Clancey
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Shannon A Martinson
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - John Ruffino
- Baccalieu Trail Animal Hospital, Bay Roberts, NL, Canada
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18
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Lieske DE, Rissi DR. A retrospective study of salivary gland diseases in 179 dogs (2010-2018). J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:604-610. [PMID: 32687011 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720932169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland diseases are well characterized in human medicine but are uncommonly reported in dogs. Herein we describe the clinical and pathologic features of 179 canine salivary gland biopsy submissions to the Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from 2010 to 2018. The mean age of affected dogs was 8.5 y; no sex or breed predisposition was evident. The main reason for sample submission was regional swelling (107 cases; 59.7%). Extraoral (major) salivary glands were affected in 125 cases (69.8%), and oral (minor) salivary glands were affected in 43 cases (24% of cases). The location of the lesion (extraoral or oral) was not specified in 11 cases (6.1%). The diagnoses included nonspecific sialoadenitis (89 cases; 49.7%), normal salivary gland (42 cases; 23.4%), neoplasia (36 cases; 20.1%), salivary gland lipomatosis (7 cases; 3.9%), necrotizing sialometaplasia (4 cases; 2.2%), and traumatic hemorrhage (1 case; 0.5%). Most cases of sialoadenitis (63 cases), neoplasia (23 cases), and lipomatosis (5 cases), as well as all cases of necrotizing sialometaplasia and the only case of traumatic hemorrhage, affected extraoral glands. Most neoplasms (32 cases, 88.8% of the tumors) were epithelial and malignant, followed by round cell tumors (2 cases; 5.5%), a carcinosarcoma (1 case; 2.7%), and a tumor of undetermined histogenesis (1 case; 2.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Lieske
- Department of Pathology (Lieske, Rissi) and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology (Lieske, Rissi) and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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19
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Gordo I, Camarasa JJ, Campmany M, Bird FG, Vallefuoco R, Brissot HN. The use of methylene blue to assist with parotid sialadenectomy in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:689-695. [PMID: 32860224 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an important morbidity associated with parotidectomy. The most commonly reported permanent complication is facial nerve injury. Methylene blue staining has been used as an intra-operative tool to improve tissue visualisation and preserve facial nerve integrity. OBJECTIVES To describe the functionality and feasibility of the use of methylene blue for parotidectomy in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study included seven client-owned dogs that underwent parotidectomy after injection of methylene blue from 2016 to 2019 in a referral centre. Cross-sectional imaging was used to confirm parotid gland surgical disease and for staging purposes. All dogs underwent parotid resection and removal of the parotid duct after injection of methylene blue. Methylene blue was either administered via cannulation of the parotid duct or directly injected into the abnormal gland. RESULTS In all cases, the gland stained dark blue within seconds without any evident leakage. Complete parotid gland resection and removal of the parotid duct was achieved successfully in all dogs with a mean surgical time of 97 minutes. Subjectively, the staining was useful to identify innervation outside the coloured gland and facilitated dissection. No complications, including facial nerve injury, were recorded. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Methylene blue staining for complete parotidectomy was feasible, rapid and easy in these dogs. It can be used as an indirect facial nerve identification technique, and can therefore facilitate dissection and possibly reduce the incidence of post-operative facial nerve paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gordo
- From Pride Veterinary Centre, Riverside Road, Pride Park, Derby, DE24 8HX, UK
| | - J J Camarasa
- From Pride Veterinary Centre, Riverside Road, Pride Park, Derby, DE24 8HX, UK
| | - M Campmany
- From Pride Veterinary Centre, Riverside Road, Pride Park, Derby, DE24 8HX, UK
| | - F G Bird
- From Pride Veterinary Centre, Riverside Road, Pride Park, Derby, DE24 8HX, UK
| | - R Vallefuoco
- From Pride Veterinary Centre, Riverside Road, Pride Park, Derby, DE24 8HX, UK
| | - H N Brissot
- From AzurVet, 769, Avenue Pierre et Marie Curie - 06700, Saint-Laurent du Var, France
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20
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Cray M, Selmic LE, Ruple A. Salivary neoplasia in dogs and cats: 1996-2017. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:259-264. [PMID: 31849188 PMCID: PMC7397883 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objectives of this study were to report the contemporary demographical information, provide the incidence of and to assess sex and breed predisposition of salivary gland neoplasia in dogs and cats. Materials and Methods Information was collected from cats or dogs with salivary neoplasia (cases) and controls from the 26 university veterinary teaching hospitals within the Veterinary Medical Data Base. A total of 56 dogs and 24 cats were identified as having been diagnosed with salivary neoplasia. Results The incidence of salivary neoplasia in this population was calculated to be 15.3 per 100,000 dogs and 26.3 per 100,000 cats. The specific anatomic location of the salivary neoplasia was unable to be determined in 90.8% of cases in both dogs and cats. Results of the univariable conditional logistic regression models revealed no increased risk of salivary neoplasia in dogs or cats of any sex or neuter status (dogs: p = .26; cats: p = .45). There was no breed disposition within the feline species for salivary neoplasia. However, in the conditional logistic regression for dogs, poodles (toy and standard) trended towards significance (p = .075) with an odds ratio of 6.83 (95% CI: 1.16–40.10) compared to mixed breeds. Conclusions and clinical relevance The present study's results differ from previous conclusions made in regards to predisposed breeds and tumour location. Additional epidemiological studies should be performed to help in determining risk factors for salivary gland neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cray
- Department of Surgery, Angell Animal Medical Center, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Audrey Ruple
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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21
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Nau MR, Carpenter JW, Lin D, Narayanan S, Hallman M. Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma in the Skull of an Orange-winged Amazon Parrot (Amazona amazonica). J Avian Med Surg 2019; 31:225-231. [PMID: 28891704 DOI: 10.1647/2016-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 33-year-old female intact orange-winged Amazon parrot (Amazona amazonica) presented for a slowly growing mass over the right eye. A computed tomography scan performed with and without intravenous contrast revealed a heterogeneous mixed soft tissue and mineral-dense mass with a small area of non-contrast-enhancing fluid density located between the orbits at the caudal aspect of the nasal passages, with associated lysis of the right caudal nasal passage and the right frontal bone. Following euthanasia, the mass was found to consist of soft tissue between the right eye and nostril over the right frontal bone. Lysis of the underlying bone resulted in a bony defect leading into the infraorbital sinus along the dorsorostral aspect of the right eye. Histopathology revealed an unencapsulated, poorly demarcated, highly cellular neoplasm composed of islands and trabeculae of neoplastic cells embedded in abundant loose fibrovascular stroma which completely obliterated the cortical bone and sinuses of the rostral skull and infiltrated the surrounding muscle and soft tissue. Histologically, the tumor was consistent with a high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, characterized by the presence of epidermoid, intermediate, and mucous-producing cell types. No evidence of metastasis was identified. The tissue of origin was suspected to be salivary or nasal mucous glands, but was difficult to confirm due to distortion of normal tissue architecture as a result of the tumor. Although mucoepidermoid carcinomas are a common salivary gland tumor in human medicine, they are not well recognized in avian species, and no specific case reports exist describing this pathology in an Amazon parrot. Despite the lack of distinct salivary glands in most avian species, mucoepidermoid carcinomas can occur, can cause significant clinical disease, and should be included as a differential diagnosis for avian patients presenting with similar lesions.
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22
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Wong VM, Trageser EE, Luong RH. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 254:475-477. [PMID: 30714872 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.4.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Blackwood L, Harper A, Elliott J, Gramer I. External beam radiotherapy for the treatment of feline salivary gland carcinoma: six new cases and a review of the literature. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:186-194. [PMID: 29767566 PMCID: PMC10814615 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18771772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY Salivary gland carcinoma is uncommon in cats. We report the outcome of radiation therapy in six cases (four salivary gland adenocarcinomas, one tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma, one carcinoma). Five were treated after surgical excision of the primary tumour, but four had gross disease (primary or metastatic) at the time of starting radiotherapy. Exact progression-free interval from the start of radiotherapy in the two cats where this was known was 120 and 144 days, respectively. One cat was signed off at 766 days with no evidence of recurrence. Another cat was in remission at 202 days (when last seen by the referring practice) but subsequently developed recurrence (date uncertain). Survival time was known for three cats (55 days, 258 days and 570 days from initiation of radiotherapy, respectively). In two cases, locoregional progressive disease (PD) was confirmed, and the other presumed as the cause of death. Two cats, known to have developed PD, were alive at the time of writing (at 206 and 549 days, respectively). No cat died as a result of distant metastatic disease. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION There is a paucity of information on the treatment of salivary gland tumours. In humans, as in cats, there is no optimised standard of care for malignant tumours. It is accepted that, for surgical candidates (even with large tumours), surgery and radiotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone. However, the benefits of postoperative radiotherapy compared with surgery alone are only clear in patients with high-risk tumours (ie, those with large and invasive primary tumours, close or incomplete margins, high histopathological grade, histological evidence of neural or vascular invasion, or positive lymph nodes). This population is analogous to the population reported here, and likely to most cats presented in practice. Thus, radiation therapy may help improve locoregional control and survival in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Aaron Harper
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - James Elliott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Irina Gramer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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24
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Lipomatosis of the parotid salivary gland: 2 case reports and review of the literature on fat-containing salivary gland lesions. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:253-257. [PMID: 30564605 PMCID: PMC6286395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of lipomatosis of the parotid salivary gland in two dogs are reported. Both dogs were presented with a slow growing unilateral non-painful mass in the parotid region. The mass measured 12 and 15 cm on the longest axis for case 1 and 2 respectively. Initial incisional biopsies were suggestive of infiltrative lipoma or salivary gland adenocarcinoma. Case 2 underwent head radiographs that showed a soft tissue opacity on the area of the right parotid gland followed by a computed tomography that showed a multi-lobulated infiltrative mass occupying the right parotid gland. Both cases underwent total parotidectomy with an excisional biopsy intent. Surgery on case 1 included total ear canal ablation (TECA). Histology revealed lipomatosis of the parotid gland with a similar admixture of adipocytes and well-differentiated salivary acini on both cases. No recurrence was reported by 4 years for case 1 and by 3 years for case 2. Case 1 developed long-term right-sided facial paralysis and palpebral reflex deficit due to damage of the facial and trigeminal nerve during surgery. The cases are described and the veterinary literature is reviewed in view of the most updated information available in human medicine on fat-containing salivary gland lesions. Considering this literature review, authors recommended these two cases to be classified as lipomatosis of the salivary gland. In conclusion, fat-containing salivary gland lesions should be considered in the list of differential diagnoses in dogs with an enlarged salivary gland and seem to be associated with an excellent prognosis after surgical excision.
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25
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Park CH, Shiwa N, Sumimoto J, Kimitsuki K. Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma in a Canine Salivary Gland. J Comp Pathol 2018; 165:52-56. [PMID: 30502796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old male cavalier King Charles spaniel was presented with a cervical subcutaneous mass. The mass had a multilobular growth pattern and each individual lobule contained ductal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells surrounding the ductal cells. Immunohistochemically, the ductal epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CAM5.2 and the myoepithelial cells were positive for α-smooth muscle actin and p63. Both types of cells were positive for CK14, a myoepithelial cell marker. Ultrastructurally, the ductal epithelial cells were attached by desmosomes and contained abundant intracytoplasmic tonofilaments. Some ductal epithelial cells contained myofilaments characteristic of myoepithelial cells. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma was made. It is presumed that the tumour originated from an intercalated duct in a parotid salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1, Higashi, Towada, Aomori, Japan.
| | - N Shiwa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1, Higashi, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - J Sumimoto
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1, Higashi, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - K Kimitsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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26
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Allen J, Talley AM, Grindem CB, Neel JA. What is your diagnosis? Submandibular mass in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:676-678. [PMID: 30347113 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Allen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ashley M Talley
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Carol B Grindem
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer A Neel
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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27
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Newman AW, Asakawa MG, Stokol T. What is your diagnosis? Mandibular mass in a cat. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:501-502. [PMID: 29758098 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh W Newman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Midori G Asakawa
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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28
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Díaz-Delgado J, Coimbra AAC, Dos Santos-Cirqueira C, Sanches TC, Guerra JM, de Oliveira AS, Di Loretto C, Zwarg T, Ressio R, Rivas L, Sansone M, Nagamori FO, Kanamura C, Gonçalves PS, Fernandes NCCA, Groch KR, Catão-Dias JL. Parotid Salivary Gland Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma in a Big-eared Opossum (Didelphis aurita). J Comp Pathol 2018; 159:21-25. [PMID: 29599001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The opossum (family Didelphidae) is a marsupial endemic to the Americas. Apart from the South American short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) and the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), there is considerable lack of knowledge about the health and diseases of most opossum species. Among these, the big-eared opossum (Didelphis aurita) is found in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Natural and experimental studies have shown this species to be susceptible to infectious agents with zoonotic potential and the animals may play a role in transmission of such agents. However, neoplasia appears to be uncommon in this species. We describe the gross, microscopical and immunohistochemical features of a parotid salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma in a free-living big-eared opossum. This case represents the first report of salivary gland neoplasia in opossums.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Díaz-Delgado
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Brasil, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, Pacaembú, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A A C Coimbra
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre, IV Portão 7A, Av. Quarto Centenário, Parque Ibirapuera, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Dos Santos-Cirqueira
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Brasil, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, Pacaembú, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T C Sanches
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre, IV Portão 7A, Av. Quarto Centenário, Parque Ibirapuera, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M Guerra
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A S de Oliveira
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre, IV Portão 7A, Av. Quarto Centenário, Parque Ibirapuera, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Di Loretto
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Brasil, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, Pacaembú, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Zwarg
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre, IV Portão 7A, Av. Quarto Centenário, Parque Ibirapuera, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Ressio
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Brasil, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, Pacaembú, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Rivas
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre, IV Portão 7A, Av. Quarto Centenário, Parque Ibirapuera, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Sansone
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Brasil, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, Pacaembú, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F O Nagamori
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Brasil, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, Pacaembú, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Kanamura
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Brasil, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, Pacaembú, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P S Gonçalves
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Brasil, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, Pacaembú, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N C C A Fernandes
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Brasil, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, Pacaembú, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K R Groch
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L Catão-Dias
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Shimizu K, Michishita M, Yu Y, Hamamoto Y, Hasegawa D, Fujita M. A cat with suspected laryngeal metastasis with mucosal irregularity resulting from apocrine/salivary gland adenocarcinoma in the head. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1916-1919. [PMID: 29021425 PMCID: PMC5745164 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 16-year-old castrated male mongrel cat presented with swelling under the left pinna and
a 3-month history of voice change. Laryngeal endoscopy revealed circumferential oedema
around the arytenoid cartilages and hypersecretion of saliva. Histopathological
examination of the mass around the left ear canal was considered the primary lesion that
originated from cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma or parotid gland adenocarcinoma, and it
metastasized to the larynx, lung and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. This report
provides new insights into feline laryngeal diseases which could result in laryngeal
metastasis with slight mucosal irregularity alone and without obvious radiographic
abnormalities. Therefore, histopathological examination should be performed when a cat
presents clinical signs such as stridor, dysphonia or voice change without any
mass-forming laryngeal lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Koichi Shimizu
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Division of Pathologic Analysis, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yu
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamamoto
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Michio Fujita
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
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30
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Parslow A, Taylor DP, Simpson DJ. Clinical, computed tomographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and histologic findings associated with myxomatous neoplasia of the temporomandibular joint in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 249:1301-1307. [PMID: 27875090 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.11.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 15-year-old neutered female mixed-breed dog (dog 1) and an 11-year-old neutered female Labrador Retriever (dog 2) were examined because of unilateral exophthalmus, third eyelid protrusion, and periorbital swelling that failed to respond to antimicrobial treatment. CLINICAL FINDINGS Both dogs underwent ultrasonographic, CT, and MRI examination of the head. In both dogs, advanced imaging revealed a poorly defined, peripherally contrast-enhancing, mucous-filled cystic mass that radiated from the temporomandibular joint and infiltrated the periorbital tissues and retrobulbar space. Both dogs underwent surgical biopsy of the periorbital mass. A viscous, straw-colored fluid was aspirated from the retrobulbar region in both dogs. The initial histologic diagnosis for dog 1 was zygomatic sialadenitis and sialocele. However, the clinical signs recurred, and histologic examination of specimens obtained during a second surgical biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of myxoma. The histologic diagnosis was myxosarcoma for dog 2. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME In both dogs, clinical signs recurred within 2 weeks after surgery and persisted for the duration of their lives. Dog 1 received no further treatment after the second surgery and was euthanized 34 months after initial examination because of multicentric lymphoma. Dog 2 was treated with various chemotherapy agents and was euthanized 11 months after initial examination because of a dramatic increase in periocular swelling and respiratory stertor. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Temporomandibular myxomatous neoplasia can be confused with zygomatic sialocele on the basis of clinical signs but has characteristic MRI features. Representative biopsy specimens should be obtained from areas close to the temporomandibular joint to avoid misdiagnosis.
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31
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Kishimoto TE, Yoshimura H, Saito N, Michishita M, Kanno N, Ohkusu-Tsukada K, Takahashi K. Salivary Gland Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma with High-Grade Transformation in a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2015. [PMID: 26223938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old male neutered standard dachshund was presented with a slowly growing mass in the left submandibular salivary gland. Histopathological examination revealed a tumour that was composed of bilayered duct-like structures with an inner layer of ductal cells and an outer layer of clear cells. Both inner and outer cells in the greater part of the tumour exhibited low to moderate atypia and low mitotic activity. However, a focal area towards the periphery showed enhanced cellular atypia and mitotic activity in tumour cells. Immunohistochemically, the outer layer of clear cells expressed myoepithelial markers, while the inner layer cells were positive for a luminal epithelial marker. No local recurrence or lymph node or distant metastasis was observed 18 months following surgery. Based on the morphology and immunohistochemical findings, a final diagnosis of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma with high-grade transformation was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Kishimoto
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Yoshimura
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - N Saito
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Kanno
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ohkusu-Tsukada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Madarame H, Harada R, Kawarai S, Takeda H, Shida T. Lipomatosis of the canine parotid gland: case report with a literature review. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 28:229-32. [PMID: 26538813 PMCID: PMC4604133 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2015-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe a case of lipomatosis in the left parotid gland of an eight-year-old female Shetland sheepdog and review the relevant literature. Preoperative diagnosis of lipomatosis with Tru-Cut biopsy presented difficulties in this case. The postoperative diagnosis was based on the gross appearance of a non-infiltrative, circumscribed swollen mass in the parotid gland and the histological appearance of normal adipocytes that infiltrated into the parotid gland without involving surrounding structures. Additionally, flotation of the whole parotid gland in formalin solution together with well-maintained residual lobulation and a well-maintained configuration on the cut surface were identified as subsidiary characteristics of lipomatosis of the parotid gland. Lipomatosis of the parotid gland has been rarely reported in dogs and is a poorly understood condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Madarame
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Ryuuji Harada
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawarai
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Haruo Takeda
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takuo Shida
- Laboratory of Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa252-5201, Japan
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33
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Boland L, Gomes E, Payen G, Bouvy B, Poncet C. Zygomatic salivary gland diseases in the dog: three cases diagnosed by MRI. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2013; 49:333-7. [PMID: 23861267 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article describes three original cases of zygomatic gland disease in the dog diagnosed by low-field MRI and treated by a modified lateral orbitotomy with zygomatic osteotomy. Presenting complaints included exophthalmia, protrusion of the third eyelid, and periorbital swelling without any history of trauma. Low-field MRI allowed for adequate diagnosis of zygomatic gland disease in all cases and provided detailed information about both the specific tissue characteristics of each lesion and extension into surrounding structures. MRI findings were also helpful for surgical planning and dictated the choice of a modified lateral orbitotomy without removal of the orbital ligament. Histopathologic diagnosis for each of the three dogs was a mucocele, a malignant mixed salivary tumor, and sialadenitis.
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34
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Bercier M, Guzman DSM, Stockman J, Zwingenberger A, Vapniarsky N, Lowenstine L, Hawkins MG. Salivary Gland Adenocarcinoma in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Torad FA, Hassan EA. Clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of salivary mucoceles in 13 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 54:293-8. [PMID: 23442204 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary mucocele is one of the causes of submandibular swelling in dogs and is due to a collection of mucoid saliva that has leaked from a damaged salivary gland. The purpose of this case series report was to describe the clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of confirmed salivary mucoceles in 13 dogs admitted to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Cairo University. The final diagnosis of salivary mucocele was based on aspirate cytology for all dogs and additional surgical excision for seven dogs. For dogs admitted from 2 weeks to 1 month from the onset of clinical signs, the cervical mucocele appeared as a round echogenic structure with a large volume of central anechoic content. The wall was a clearly identified hyperechoic structure surrounding the gland. For dogs admitted between 1 to 2 months from the onset of clinical signs, the volume of anechoic material appeared less than that seen in the acute cases. The overall appearance of the salivary mucocele was heterogenous. For dogs admitted after 2 months from the onset of clinical signs, the salivary mucocele appeared grainy or mottled, with a heterogenous appearance and a further decrease in anechoic content. For one dog that presented after 3 months from the onset of clinical signs, the salivary mucocele was hard on palpation and appeared hyperechoic with distal acoustic shadowing. Findings from this study indicated that ultrasonographic characteristics of salivary mucoceles in dogs vary depending on the chronological stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A Torad
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square P.O. 12211, Cairo, Egypt
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36
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Salgado BS, Monteiro LN, Grandi F, Nonogaki S, Rocha RM, Rocha NS. Adenocarcinoma of the parotid salivary gland in a cow. Vet Clin Pathol 2012; 41:424-8. [PMID: 22954300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2012.00451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old Girolando dairy cow was presented for evaluation of a large subcutaneous facial mass. Fine-needle aspirates of the mass contained many neoplastic cells with high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios arranged in sheets and loosely cohesive clusters with streaming erythrocytes and neutrophils in the background. Neoplastic cells were 13-25 μm in diameter and were round to cuboidal with variably distinct borders. Based on the signalment, anatomic location, and cytologic findings, differential diagnoses included salivary adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The cow was euthanized and a necropsy was performed. The primary neoplasm arose from the left parotid salivary gland and meastatic tumor was found in the regional lymph nodes and lung. Histologically, the tumor was composed of anastomosing and irregular solid islets surrounded by scant stroma. Cells were negative for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), PAS-diastase, and Alcian blue pH 2.5 stains, used to detect mucin. On immunohistochemical analysis, neoplastic luminal salivary gland cells expressed cytokeratin, but not S100, α-smooth muscle actin, or vimentin. Peripheral cells of neoplastic islets were immunoreactive for p63. The final diagnosis was nonsecretory adenocarcinoma of the parotid salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno S Salgado
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
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37
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Gamba C, Damasceno K, Campos C, Ferreira E, Cassali G. Cystadenocarcinoma simulating hemangiosarcoma of the salivary gland in dog: case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystadenocarcinoma is regarded as a rare adenocarcinoma variant in animals. This work reports the case of an 8-year-old female Poodle dog with salivary gland cystadenocarcinoma with morphological characteristics similar to a hemangiosarcoma. Histopathological analysis showed a tumor mass with cystic formations containing a large amount of red blood cells. In order to distinguish these two entities, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemical analysis were carried out with the use of cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (CK) and CD31-specific antibodies. Neoplastic cells were PAS-negative, CK-positive and CD31-negative confirming their epithelial origin. Based on the findings, the diagnosis of high grade cystadenocarcinoma was established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E. Ferreira
- UFMG; Fundação Comunitária de Ensino Superior de Itabira
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38
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Rainwater KA, Hawkins MG, Crabbs T, Malka S. An Anaplastic Sarcoma of Probable Salivary Origin in a Teddy-bear Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). J Exot Pet Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Volmer C, Benal Y, Caplier L, Rakotovao F, Fontaine JJ. Atypical vimentin expression in a feline salivary gland adenocarcinoma with widespread metastases. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 71:1681-4. [PMID: 20046042 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein a feline salivary gland adenocarcinoma with widespread metastases to draining lymph nodes, liver and lung, as well as an unusual metastasis to the spleen. Histologically, the primary salivary gland tumor consisted of low columnar to polygonal epithelial cells forming tubules and trabeculae. The spleen was infiltrated with sheets of poorly differentiated large round cells. Interestingly, morphologic change in epithelial cells was accompanied with the acquisition of vimentin intermediate filaments, a feature particularly evident in the splenic metastasis. This study highlights the role of epithelial cell plasticity during carcinogenesis and metastasis.
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40
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McGill S, Lester N, McLachlan A, Mansfield C. Concurrent sialocoele and necrotising sialadenitis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2009; 50:151-6. [PMID: 19261087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A seven-year-old male, entire rottweiler was presented to Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital with a 24 hour history of blindness, chemosis, exophthalmus, pain on opening the mouth and hypersialism. Bilateral mandibular and zygomatic salivary gland enlargement with concurrent bilateral zygomatic salivary gland sialocoeles were identified. The cause of the mandibular salivary gland enlargement was confirmed as necrotising sialadenitis, while the cause of the zygomatic gland enlargement was presumed to be because of a similar disease process. No underlying aetiology was identified. Treatment consisted of supportive management, corticosteroids and paracentesis of the sialocoeles and resulted in resolution of the salivary gland enlargement and the associated clinical signs. This is an unusual presentation of salivary gland disease in the dog with multiple gland involvement and a spectrum of disease processes occurring at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McGill
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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41
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Moore A. Treatment choices for oral cancer in cats. What is possible? What is reasonable? J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:23-31. [PMID: 19154972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Practical relevance Oral cancers are not the most common tumour in our domestic cats, but the death rate associated with cancer in this location is particularly high. This is largely because the cancer is discovered late in its development and also because of the severe debility it causes when the patient is unable or unwilling to eat and drink. Audience This review of malignant oral tumours (squamous cell carcinoma, oral sarcoma, oral melanoma and salivary adenocarcinoma) and benign oral tumours that may mimic malignant lesions is directed at all veterinarians that see older cats - both for ‘health and wellness’ as well as for more advanced treatment of already diagnosed neoplasia. Patient group As it is almost always older cats that are affected, patients will have a strong bond with their owners. These cats also often have unrelated intercurrent disease that may affect treatment choices, the way treatment is administered, and whether the owner chooses aggressive or palliative therapy. Evidence base While the literature on treatment of oral cancer in dogs is well established, until recently it was less so in cats. As researchers focus on treating cats with curative intent, as well as palliatively and supportively, the material available to guide veterinarians has also increased. This article evaluates the current literature from the author's perspective as an oncologist and a cat owner.
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42
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Abstract
The presence of a malignant mixed tumor, also known as a carcinosarcoma, in the salivary gland is very rare. Such tumors, which are typically aggressive, are characterized by the presence of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. A 9-year-old neutered female domestic short-haired cat presented with swelling in the right mandibular lesion that had rapidly enlarged over the previous 3 weeks. Physical examination revealed a large, fluctuated and painless subcutaneous swelling that was associated with a firm mass. Radiographs of the head revealed a soft-tissue density that involved faint circular calcific opacity. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed that the peripheral capsulated cystic area had a contrast enhanced region without bone lysis. The cat received a total excision of the mass and postoperative radiotherapy. Histopathological analysis of the mass revealed that it was a malignant mixed tumor. Metastasis to the lung was discovered 7 weeks later, at which time treatment was stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejaung Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-792, Korea
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43
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Psalla D, Geigy C, Konar M, Café Marçal V, Oevermann A. Nasal acinic cell carcinoma in a cat. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:365-8. [PMID: 18487495 DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-3-365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-related, and pathologic features of a nasal acinic cell carcinoma in a cat. A 16-year-old, castrated male, oriental shorthaired cat, weighing 3.8 kg, was presented with history of sneezing, coughing, and nasal discharge persisting several months. Evaluation by MRI revealed an heterogeneous, space-occupying lesion that filled the left nasal cavity and was diagnosed by histopathologic examination as an acinic cell carcinoma arising from a minor salivary gland of the nasal cavity. Acinic cell carcinoma is a rare tumor in veterinary medicine. The tumor is composed mainly of cells resembling serous cells of salivary glands and originates from major or minor salivary glands. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of the occurrence of acinic cell carcinoma in the sinonasal tract and include the tumor in the differential diagnosis of feline nasal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Psalla
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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44
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Dorso L, Risi E, Triau S, Labrut S, Nguyen F, Guigand L, Wyers M, Abadie J. High-Grade Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Mandibular Salivary Gland in a Lion (Panthera leo). Vet Pathol 2008; 45:104-8. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-1-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 13–year-old neutered male lion was presented with a primary neoplasm arising from the left mandibular salivary gland associated with metastases to regional lymph nodes, thoracic viscera (lungs, heart, esophagus, and diaphragm), and kidney. Histologic and immunohistochemical investigations led to a diagnosis of a high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandibular salivary gland. In this case report, we point out the importance of the immunohistochemical characterization for differential diagnosis between various types of carcinomas of the salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Dorso
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - E. Risi
- Clinique des Animaux d'Espéces Inhabituelles, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S. Triau
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - S. Labrut
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - F. Nguyen
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L. Guigand
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - M. Wyers
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J. Abadie
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
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45
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Yamate J, Yamamoto E, Nabe M, Kuwamura M, Fujita D, Sasai H. Spontaneous adenocarcinoma immunoreactive to cyclooxygenase-2 and transforming growth factor-beta1 in the buccal salivary gland of a Richardson's ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii). Exp Anim 2007; 56:379-84. [PMID: 18075199 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.56.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ground squirrel is used as an experimental animal because of its unique biological nature. A 3-year-old female Richardson's ground squirrel developed a mass, 1.5 cm in diameter, in the buccal mucosa. The mass consisted of neoplastic epithelial cells showing acinar, ductular, intraductal papillary, solid, and lobular growth patterns; the cells were immunoreactive to cytokeratin, cyclooxygenase-2 (a marker of malignancy) and TGF-beta1. After resection, the tumor recurred with increased area having a solid or lobular pattern with little differentiation. This tumor was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma arising from the buccal gland, the first case reported in the ground squirrel. A prominent desmoplastic reaction was present. The interstitial cells reacted to alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, indicating a myofibroblastic nature, presumably induced by epithelial TGF-beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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46
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Abstract
Veterinary radiation oncology became a recognized specialty in 1994. Radiation therapy is an important component of a multimodality approach to treating cancer in companion animals. It is important to understand the many aspects of radiation, including the equipment used in external beam radiation therapy, the basic mechanism of action of ionizing radiation, the results of irradiating various histopathological types of tumors, as well as the associated potential acute and late side effects of radiation. A comprehensive review of radiation therapy is timely and provides information for clients on cancers that may benefit from external beam radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C McEntee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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47
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Smrkovski OA, LeBlanc AK, Smith SH, LeBlanc CJ, Adams WH, Tobias KM. Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with sebaceous differentiation in the mandibular salivary gland of a dog. Vet Pathol 2006; 43:374-7. [PMID: 16672588 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-3-374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma was diagnosed in the left mandibular salivary gland of an 8-year-old female spayed dog. The animal presented with a large nonpainful swelling in the left submandibular region. A computed tomography scan detected an irregularly enhancing soft tissue mass that was closely associated with the left external ear canal and extended to the left wing of the atlas. On surgical exploration, the mass was intimately associated with the left mandibular salivary gland. Both the mass and the adjacent gland were removed, and the diagnosis was determined by histopathology. The tumor was comprised of basaloid and low columnar epithelial cells, many glandular units formed by well-differentiated sebocytes, and multifocal regions of necrosis, mineralization, and hemorrhage. Salivary gland tumors with sebaceous differentiation are very rare in animals, with one previously reported case in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Smrkovski
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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48
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Shimoyama Y, Yamashita K, Ohmachi T, Akihara Y, Sako T, Hirayama K, Okamoto M, Taniyama H. Pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland in two dogs. J Comp Pathol 2006; 134:254-9. [PMID: 16542673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland were diagnosed in two dogs. The tumours were single, firm and well circumscribed, with a smooth cut surface. Metastatic tumours were not detected. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumours contained multiple cysts lined with luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells, and mucinous, myxochondroid and cartilaginous tissues. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated labelling of luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells, and mucinous, myxochondroid and cartilaginous tissues with antibodies to cytokeratin LU-5, AE1/AE3, CK-14, CALP, a-SMA, vimentin, GFAP, and S-100. Labelling for GFAP indicated stromal transformation into myxoid and chondroid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimoyama
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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49
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Militerno G, Bazzo R, Marcato PS. Cytological Diagnosis of Mandibular Salivary Gland Adenocarcinoma in a Dog. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:514-6. [PMID: 16300660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A case of mandibular salivary gland adenocarcinoma in a 9-year-old female dog is described. Material collected by fine needle aspiration underwent cytological examination and after the diagnosis of salivary carcinoma the mass was surgically excised and then was processed for histological examination. The aim of this work is to describe the cytopathological features of this carcinoma and to emphasize the usefulness of fine needle aspiration technique, which is an effective, inexpensive and minimally invasive method of diagnosis that can be performed before incisional biopsy or even before surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Militerno
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Pathological Anatomy Laboratory Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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50
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Abstract
In 2003, Veterinary Quarterly started with the publication of a series of articles reviewing first reports on animal diseases. The articles are arranged in order of animal species. They are regularly updated adding overlooked as well as new first reports. This article is the first update of a review on "first cases" of dog diseases. The following five cases are discussed: Dermatitis in a dog associated with an unidentified Toxoplasma gondii-like parasite. Gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis in a puppy. Mucinous variant of rete testis adenocarcinoma. Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a Labrador Retriever. Salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma. After a short introduction, the bibliographical data, the abstract of the author(s) and some additional information derived from the article are given.
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