The use of flow cytometry for diagnosis and immunophenotyping in chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog: Clinical case report

Translational immune and metabolic markers of aging in dogs

Dogs serve as a promising aging model due to their genetic diversity, condensed lifespan, and shared living environment with humans. Alterations in the immune and metabolic parameters are hallmarks of aging in humans, but few studies have investigated these changes in dogs. We investigated the association of whole blood parameters with aging in a cross-sectional field study with a population of 451 companion dogs. Additionally, we measured total lymphocytes, total T-cells, CD4 T-cells, CD8 T-cells, B-cells, CBC, insulin and adiponectin in a cross-sectional study of 74 laboratory research beagles. In companion dogs, we report total lymphocytes and RBCs decrease significantly with age while platelets increase significantly. In lab beagles, total lymphocytes, T-cells, CD4 T-cells, CD8 T-cells, and B cells are significantly lower in Aged and Geriatric beagles. Furthermore, the CD4/CD8 ratio is significantly lower in Geriatric beagles. We also found that Geriatric beagles experience hyperinsulinemia, while plasma adiponectin is significantly lower in both Aged and Geriatric beagles. These results align with the age-related immune and metabolic alterations seen in humans and provide additional evidence that dogs serve as a relevant translational model of aging.

Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus that has recently emerged as a crucial public health issue. It can elicit severe encephalitis and respiratory diseases in animals and humans, leading to fatal outcomes, exhibiting a wide range of host species tropism, and directly transmitting from animals to humans or through an intermediate host. Human-to-human transmission associated with recurrent NiV outbreaks is a potential global health threat. Currently, the lack of effective therapeutics or licensed vaccines for NiV necessitates the primary utilization of supportive care. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the various aspects of the NiV, including therapeutics, vaccines, and its biological characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features. The objective is to provide valuable information from scientific and clinical research and facilitate the formulation of strategies for preventing and controlling the NiV.

The cryo-EM structure of homotetrameric attachment glycoprotein from langya henipavirus

Langya Henipavirus (LayV) infection is an emerging zoonotic disease that has been causing respiratory symptoms in China since 2019. For virus entry, LayV's genome encodes the fusion protein F and the attachment glycoprotein G. However, the structural and functional information regarding LayV-G remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that LayV-G cannot bind to the receptors found in other HNVs, such as ephrin B2/B3, and it shows different antigenicity from HeV-G and NiV-G. Furthermore, we determined the near full-length structure of LayV-G, which displays a distinct mushroom-shaped configuration, distinguishing it from other attachment glycoproteins of HNV. The stalk and transmembrane regions resemble the stem and root of mushroom and four downward-tilted head domains as mushroom cap potentially interact with the F protein and influence membrane fusion process. Our findings enhance the understanding of emerging HNVs that cause human diseases through zoonotic transmission and provide implication for LayV related vaccine development.