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SUZUKI Y. Development of Functional Materials for Fluorescent Detection of Biological Substances. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2021. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.70.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio SUZUKI
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Yao Z, Kim JA, Kim JH. Properties of a fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus subtilis JS2 isolated from saeu (small shrimp) jeotgal. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:765-772. [PMID: 30263802 PMCID: PMC6049664 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus species were screened to be used as starters for jeotgals, salted and fermented Korean sea foods. A strain, JS2, showing strong fibrinolytic activity was isolated from saeu (small shrimp) jeotgal, and identified as Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis JS2 grew well at 20% (w/v) NaCl concentration. SDS-PAGE of culture supernatant from JS2 showed 3 major bands of 27, 29, and 60 kDa in size. Fibrin zymography showed that the 27 kDa band was the major fibrinolytic protein. The gene, aprEJS2, was cloned and introduced into B. subtilis WB600 using pHY300PLK. A B. subtilis transformant harboring pHYJS2 showed higher fibrinolytic activity than B. subtilis JS2. aprEJS2 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The optimum pH and temperature for AprEJS2 were pH 8.0 and 40 °C, respectively. Km and Vmax values were determined. AprEJS2 has strong α-fibrinogenase activity and moderate β-fibrinogenase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Yao
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Korea
| | - Jeong A Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Korea
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Meisrimler CN, Schwendke A, Lüthje S. Two-dimensional phos-tag zymograms for tracing phosphoproteins by activity in-gel staining. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:230. [PMID: 25926840 PMCID: PMC4396385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications regulating many cellular processes. The phos-tag technology was combined with two-dimensional zymograms, which consisted of non-reducing IEF PAGE or NEPHGE in the first dimension and high resolution clear native electrophoresis (hrCNE) in the second dimension. The combination of these electrophoresis methods was mild enough to accomplish in-gel activity staining for Fe(III)-reductases by NADH/Fe(III)-citrate/ferrozine, 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine/H2O2 or TMB/H2O2 in the second dimension. The phos-tag zymograms can be used to investigate phosphorylation-dependent changes in enzyme activity. Phos-tag zymograms can be combined with further downstream analysis like mass spectrometry. Non-reducing IEF will resolve proteins with a pI of 3-10, whereas non-reducing NEPHGE finds application for alkaline proteins with a pI higher than eight. Advantages and disadvantages of these new methods will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia-Nicole Meisrimler
- Plant Physiology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of HamburgHamburg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie, Environnementale et de BiotechnologieSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Alexandra Schwendke
- Plant Physiology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of HamburgHamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Lüthje
- Plant Physiology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of HamburgHamburg, Germany
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Chen S, Meng F, Chen Z, Tomlinson BN, Wesley JM, Sun GY, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Cui J, Gu Z. Two-dimensional zymography differentiates gelatinase isoforms in stimulated microglial cells and in brain tissues of acute brain injuries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123852. [PMID: 25859655 PMCID: PMC4393235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of gelatinases (MMP-2/-9) is a key cause of detrimental outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases. A single-dimension zymography has been widely used to determine gelatinase expression and activity, but this method is inadequate in resolving complex enzyme isoforms, because gelatinase expression and activity could be modified at transcriptional and posttranslational levels. In this study, we investigated gelatinase isoforms under in vitro and in vivo conditions using two-dimensional (2D) gelatin zymography electrophoresis, a protocol allowing separation of proteins based on isoelectric points (pI) and molecular weights. We observed organomercuric chemical 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate-induced activation of MMP-2 isoforms with variant pI values in the conditioned medium of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. Studies with murine BV-2 microglial cells indicated a series of proform MMP-9 spots separated by variant pI values due to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The MMP-9 pI values were shifted after treatment with alkaline phosphatase, suggesting presence of phosphorylated isoforms due to the proinflammatory stimulation. Similar MMP-9 isoforms with variant pI values in the same molecular weight were also found in mouse brains after ischemic and traumatic brain injuries. In contrast, there was no detectable pI differentiation of MMP-9 in the brains of chronic Zucker obese rats. These results demonstrated effective use of 2D zymography to separate modified MMP isoforms with variant pI values and to detect posttranslational modifications under different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fanjun Meng
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zhenzhou Chen
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brittany N. Tomlinson
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- MS in Pathology program, University of Missouri Graduate School, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Wesley
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Grace Y. Sun
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Adam T. Whaley-Connell
- Department of Internal Medicine Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James R. Sowers
- Department of Internal Medicine Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jiankun Cui
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Suzuki Y, Takagi N, Sano T, Chimuro T. Design and synthesis of a novel fluorescent protein probe for easy and rapid electrophoretic gel staining by using a commonly available UV-based fluorescent imaging system. Electrophoresis 2014; 34:2464-72. [PMID: 23801451 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorescent molecular probe, methyl 3-(3,5-bis((bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)-methyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamido) propanoate, dizinc(II) chloride salt (Dansyl-1-Zn(II)), which possesses Zn(II) complexes and a dansyl group, was designed and synthesized to enable the detection of proteins in solution and in high-throughput electrophoresis by using a UV-based detection system. Dansyl-1-Zn(II) exhibited weak fluorescence in the absence of proteins and strong green fluorescence at approximately 510 nm in the presence of BSA upon irradiation with light at a wavelength of 345 nm. Compared with conventional protocols for in-gel SDS-PAGE protein staining (e.g. silver staining, SYPRO Ruby, and Oriole), the operating times of which range from 90 min to overnight, Dansyl-1-Zn(II) allowed 1-step protein staining (SDS-PAGE →Staining →Detection) and shortened the operating time (35 min) with high sensitivity (LOD: 1 ng or less) under 312-nm or 365-nm light excitation with orange or red emission filters, respectively. Moreover, Dansyl-1-Zn(II) was successfully applied to protein identification by MS via in-gel tryptic digestion, Western blotting, and Native-PAGE. Accordingly, Dansyl-1-Zn(II) may facilitate highly sensitive and high-throughput protein detection, and it may be widely applicable as a convenient tool in various scientific and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Suzuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Rahbani J, Behzad AR, Khashab NM, Al-Ghoul M. Characterization of internal structure of hydrated agar and gelatin matrices by cryo-SEM. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:405-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janane Rahbani
- Department of Chemistry; American University of Beirut; Riad El-Solh; Beirut; Lebanon
| | - Ali R. Behzad
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M. Khashab
- Controlled Release and Delivery Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Material Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Al-Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry; American University of Beirut; Riad El-Solh; Beirut; Lebanon
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Lee KJ, Kim JB, Ha BK, Kim SH, Kang SY, Lee BM, Kim DS. Proteomic characterization of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor variants, Tia and Tib, in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Amino Acids 2012; 43:379-88. [PMID: 22002793 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTi) has several polymorphic variants. Of these, Tia and Tib, which differ by nine amino acids, are the two main types. In this study, differences in KTi proteome between Tia and Tib were investigated using three soybean cultivars and three mutant lines. Two cultivars, Baekwoon (BW) and Paldal (PD), and one mutant line, SW115-24, were Tia type, whereas one soybean cultivar, Suwon115 (SW115), and two mutant lines, BW-7-2 and PD-5-10, were Tib type. Protein from the six soybean lines was extracted and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (non-denaturing PAGE), and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). By SDS-PAGE, there was no difference between soybean cultivars and mutant lines, except for SW115-24. Western blot analysis revealed that, in comparison with Tia, Tib type accumulated relatively low amounts of KTi. By non-denaturing PAGE, the three soybean lines of Tib type were characterized by slower mobility than the three soybean lines of Tia type. Zymography detected eight distinct zones of trypsin inhibitory activity among which Tia and Tib lacked the fifth and sixth zone, respectively. By two-dimensional native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DN), the spots related to trypsin inhibitory activity showed different mobilities, whereas only one KTi (21.5 kDa) spot was resolved by 2-DE. By two-dimensional zymography (2-DZ), Tib showed a broader activity zone (pI 4-7) in comparison with Tia (pI 4-5). The results indicate that the genotypes with a different type of KTi present different proteomic profiles and trypsin inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1266 Sinjeong, Jeongeup, 580-185, Republic of Korea.
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Rossano R, Larocca M, Riccio P. 2-D zymographic analysis of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) florets proteases: follow up of cysteine protease isotypes in the course of post-harvest senescence. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1517-1525. [PMID: 21496945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Zymographic analysis of Broccoli florets (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) revealed the presence of acidic metallo-proteases, serine proteases and cysteine proteases. Under conditions which were denaturing for the other proteases, the study was restricted to cysteine proteases. 2-D zymography, a technique that combines IEF and zymography was used to show the presence of 11 different cysteine protease spots with molecular mass of 44 and 47-48kDa and pIs ranging between 4.1 and 4.7. pI differences could be ascribed to different degrees of phosphorylation that partly disappeared in the presence of alkaline phosphatase. Post-harvest senescence of Broccoli florets was characterized by decrease in protein and chlorophyll contents and increase of protease activity. In particular, as determined by 2-D zymography, the presence of cysteine protease clearly increased during senescence, a finding that may represent a useful tool for the control of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Rossano
- Department of Biology, Defence and Agro-Forestal Biotechnology, Center of Bioproteomics, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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Suzuki Y, Takagi N, Chimuro T, Shinohara A, Sakaguchi N, Hiratsuka A, Yokoyama K. Design and synthesis of new fluorescent probe for rapid and highly sensitive detection of proteins via electrophoretic gel stain. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1403-13. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Analysis of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] fruit proteinases by 2-D zymography and direct identification of the major zymographic spots by mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Suzuki Y, Yokoyama K. Design and synthesis of ICT-based fluorescent probe for high-sensitivity protein detection and application to rapid protein staining for SDS-PAGE. Proteomics 2008; 8:2785-90. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Suzuki Y, Yokoyama K, Namatame I. Rapid and easy protein staining for SDS-PAGE using an intramolecular charge transfer-based fluorescent reagent. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3332-7. [PMID: 16944465 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High-performance staining for 1-D and 2-D SDS-PAGE was carried out using a novel protein-binding fluorophore (Dye 1), which noncovalently interacts with proteins and provides a fluorescence emission response to proteins by intramolecular charge transfer. In order to achieve the high-throughput analysis of proteins for SDS-PAGE, the general protocols for in-gel protein staining (SDS-PAGE, fixation, staining, washing, and detection) were simplified to produce an easy and rapid protocol (SDS-PAGE together with staining, washing, and detection). This method was performed by preparation of an electrophoresis buffer containing Dye 1 under optimum conditions, and by the binding of Dye 1 to proteins in the gel during the SDS-PAGE. As a result, this study required only 15 min for protein staining as a minimum time. On the other hand, it takes several hours for the general protein staining method, such as SYPRO Ruby staining (18 h) and CBB staining (105 min). Moreover, the protein-to-protein variation was low, and the detection limit was 7.0 ng/band of BSA (S/N = 3.0) in this method, which was as sensitive as the short-protocol silver staining methods. On the basis of these results, this rapid and easy protocol for SDS-PAGE using Dye 1 may be widely applicable and convenient for users in the various scientific and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Suzuki
- Research Center of Advanced Bionics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, c/o Katayanagi Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Omura K, Hitosugi M, Zhu X, Ikeda M, Maeda H, Tokudome S. A Newly Derived Protein From Bacillus subtilis natto With Both Antithrombotic and Fibrinolytic Effects. J Pharmacol Sci 2005; 99:247-51. [PMID: 16258229 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natto, steamed soybeans fermented by Bacillus subtilis natto, is a traditional Japanese food. We derived a purified protein layer, called NKCP as a trade mark, from B. subtilis natto fermentation. In the present study, we examined the fibrinolytic and antithrombotic effects of NKCP and identified its active component to clarify the fibrinolytic effect of NKCP observed in preliminary clinical trials previously. The active component of NKCP was identified as a 34-kilodalton protein designated bacillopeptidase F. NKCP showed direct degradation of artificial blood clot in saline. The protease activity, accounting for the fibrinolytic effect of NKCP, was examined with a chromogenic substrate for plasmin. Dose-dependent prolongations of both prothrombin time and active partial thromboplastin time were observed in rats with intra-duodenum administration of NKCP. Our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that NKCP has both a fibrinolytic effect and an antithrombotic effect similar to heparin. Because NKCP is derived from food and has safety data demonstrated by previous animal experiments and preliminary clinical trials, NKCP is considered as safe for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunobu Omura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
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