1
|
Drug-Targeted Genomes: Mutability of Ion Channels and GPCRs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030594. [PMID: 35327396 PMCID: PMC8945769 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are not uncommon and can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Given previously reported multiple factors associated with high mutation rates, we sorted the relative mutability of multiple human genes by (i) proximity to telomeres and/or (ii) high adenine and thymine (A+T) content. We extracted genomic information using the genome data viewer and examined the mutability of 118 ion channel and 143 GPCR genes based on their association with factors (i) and (ii). We then assessed these two factors with 31 genes encoding ion channels or GPCRs that are targeted by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Out of the 118 ion channel genes studied, 80 met either factor (i) or (ii), resulting in a 68% match. In contrast, a 78% match was found for the 143 GPCR genes. We also found that the GPCR genes (n = 20) targeted by FDA-approved drugs have a relatively lower mutability than those genes encoding ion channels (n = 11), where targeted genes encoding GPCRs were shorter in length. The result of this study suggests that the use of matching rate analysis on factor-druggable genome is feasible to systematically compare the relative mutability of GPCRs and ion channels. The analysis on chromosomes by two factors identified a unique characteristic of GPCRs, which have a significant relationship between their nucleotide sizes and proximity to telomeres, unlike most genetic loci susceptible to human diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Johnson DL, Abdala Villa C, Lustig MC, Robin NH. The first post-natal clinical description of true mosaic complete tetrasomy 21: A case report. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3507-3509. [PMID: 34472202 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tetrasomy 21 is a rare occurrence. Only 14 cases have been reported in the literature, 8 of which are partial tetrasomy cases and 6 which are complete tetrasomy cases. Of the incidences, no proband with true complete tetrasomy 21 has survived the neonatal period. We report complete mosaic tetrasomy 21 in a female infant with the typical Down syndrome phenotype, including Hirschsprung's disease and atrioventricular (AV) canal defect. This is in contrast to cases of partial tetrasomy 21, which often have an atypical trisomy 21 presentation and multiple nonspecific traits, including short stature, microcephaly, and developmental delays. This case demonstrates the difference in clinical presentation between the partial and complete subtype of tetrasomy 21 and provides the first postnatal clinical picture of an infant with true mosaic complete tetrasomy 21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Abdala Villa
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Matthew C Lustig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Robin
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin C, Gu Z, Jiang X, Yu P, Xu T. A prenatal diagnosis case of partial duplication 21q21.1-q21.2 with normal phenotype maternally inherited. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:164. [PMID: 34147104 PMCID: PMC8214785 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome is characterized by trisomy 21 or partial duplication of chromosome 21. Extensive studies have focused on the identification of the Down Syndrome Critical Region (DSCR). We aim to provide evidence that duplication of 21q21.1-q21.2 should not be included in the DSCR and it has no clinical consequences on the phenotype. CASE PRESENTATION Because serological screening was not performed at the appropriate gestational age, noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) analysis was performed for a pregnant woman with normal prenatal examinations at 22 weeks of gestation. The NIPT results revealed a 5.8 Mb maternally inherited duplication of 21q21.1-q21.2. To assess whether the fetus also carried this duplication, ultrasound-guided amniocentesis was conducted, and the result of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) with amniotic fluid showed a 6.7 Mb duplication of 21q21.1-q21.2 (ranging from position 18,981,715 to 25,707,009). This partial duplication of 21q21.1-q21.2 in the fetus was maternally inherited. After genetic counseling, the pregnant woman and her family decided to continue the pregnancy. CONCLUSION Our case clearly indicates that 21q21.1-q21.2 duplication is not included in the DSCR and most likely has no clinical consequences on phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Jin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), 399 Hailing South Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiping Gu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), 399 Hailing South Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), 399 Hailing South Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), 399 Hailing South Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianhui Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), 399 Hailing South Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Imaizumi T, Yamamoto-Shimojima K, Yanagishita T, Ondo Y, Nishi E, Okamoto N, Yamamoto T. Complex chromosomal rearrangements of human chromosome 21 in a patient manifesting clinical features partially overlapped with that of Down syndrome. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1555-1563. [PMID: 32535809 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The chromosomal region critical in Down syndrome has long been analyzed through genotype-phenotype correlation studies using data from many patients with partial trisomy 21. Owing to that, a relatively small region of human chromosome 21 (35.9 ~ 38.0 Mb) has been considered as Down syndrome critical region (DSCR). In this study, microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis identified complex rearrangements of chromosome 21 in a patient manifesting clinical features partially overlapped with that of Down syndrome. Although the patient did not show up-slanting palpebral fissures and single transverse palmar creases, other symptoms were consistent with Down syndrome. Rearrangements were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing using Nanopore long-read sequencing. The analysis revealed that chromosome 21 was fragmented into seven segments and reassembled by six connected points. Among 12 breakpoints, 5 are located within the short region and overlapped with repeated segments. The rearrangement resulted in a maximum gain of five copies, but no region showed loss of genomic copy numbers. Breakpoint-junctions showed no homologous region. Based on these findings, chromoanasynthesis was considered as the mechanism. Although the distal 21q22.13 region was not included in the aberrant regions, some of the genes located on the duplicated regions, SOD1, SON, ITSN1, RCAN1, and RUNX1, were considered as possible candidate genes for clinical features of the patient. We discussed the critical region for Down syndrome, with the literature review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Imaizumi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ward, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto-Shimojima
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ward, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (RPD), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yanagishita
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ward, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Ondo
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ward, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ward, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou L, Zheng Z, Wu L, Xu C, Wu H, Xu X, Tang S. Molecular delineation of small supernumerary marker chromosomes using a single nucleotide polymorphism array. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:19. [PMID: 32514314 PMCID: PMC7251855 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Defining the phenotype-genotype correlation of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) remains a challenge in prenatal diagnosis. We karyotyped 20,481 amniotic fluid samples from pregnant women and explored the molecular characteristics of sSMCs using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Results Out of the 20,481 samples, 15 abnormal karyotypes with sSMC were detected (frequency: 0.073%) and the chromosomal origin was successfully identified by SNP array in 14 of them. The origin of sSMCs were mainly acrocentric-derived chromosomes and the Y chromosome. Two cases of sSMC combined with uniparental disomy (UPD) were detected, UPD(1) and UPD(22). More than half of the cases of sSMC involved mosaicism (8/15) and pathogenicity (9/15) in prenatal diagnosis. A higher prevalence of mosaicism for non-acrocentric chromosomes than acrocentric chromosomes was also revealed. One sSMC derived from chromosome 3 with a neocentromere revealed a 24.99-Mb pathogenic gain of the 3q26.31q29 region on the SNP array, which presented as an abnormal ultrasound indicating nasal bone hypoplasia. Conclusion The clinical phenotypes of sSMCs are variable and so further genetic testing and parental karyotype analysis are needed to confirm the characteristics of sSMCs. The SNP array used here allows a detailed characterisation of the sSMC and establishes a stronger genotype-phenotype correlation, thus allowing detailed genetic counselling for prenatal diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lianpeng Wu
- Key laboratory of Medical Genetic, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000 People's Republic of China.,Key laboratory of Medical Genetic, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Naama N, Mackeh R, Kino T. C 2H 2-Type Zinc Finger Proteins in Brain Development, Neurodevelopmental, and Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Systematic Literature-Based Analysis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:32. [PMID: 32117005 PMCID: PMC7034409 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are multifaceted pathologic conditions manifested with intellectual disability, autistic features, psychiatric problems, motor dysfunction, and/or genetic/chromosomal abnormalities. They are associated with skewed neurogenesis and brain development, in part through dysfunction of the neural stem cells (NSCs) where abnormal transcriptional regulation on key genes play significant roles. Recent accumulated evidence highlights C2H2-type zinc finger proteins (C2H2-ZNFs), the largest transcription factor family in humans, as important targets for the pathologic processes associated with NDDs. In this review, we identified their significant accumulation (74 C2H2-ZNFs: ~10% of all human member proteins) in brain physiology and pathology. Specifically, we discuss their physiologic contribution to brain development, particularly focusing on their actions in NSCs. We then explain their pathologic implications in various forms of NDDs, such as morphological brain abnormalities, intellectual disabilities, and psychiatric disorders. We found an important tendency that poly-ZNFs and KRAB-ZNFs tend to be involved in the diseases that compromise gross brain structure and human-specific higher-order functions, respectively. This may be consistent with their characteristic appearance in the course of species evolution and corresponding contribution to these brain activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Njoud Al-Naama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Endocrinology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rafah Mackeh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Endocrinology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tomoshige Kino
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genomic Endocrinology, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takano T, Nakabayashi K, Ota H, Arai Y, Kamura H, Hata K. Tetrasomy 21 pter→q21.3 due to an extra +dic(21;21)mat in a severely psychomotor-retarded female patient without Down syndrome phenotype. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103824. [PMID: 31830537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complete or partial tetrasomy 21 has been reported only in rare cases. We report a Japanese female patient with tetrasomy 21 due to an extra chromosome derived from chromosome 21 (Chr21). The patient had severe psychomotor retardation without Down syndrome (DS) phenotype; she showed short stature, microcephaly, round face, cleft lip and palate, and other dysmorphic features. The chromosome analyses for the patient detected an extra dicentric Chr21 consisting of two partial Chr21 copies fused together within their long arms. Her karyotype was revealed to be 47,XX,+dic(21;21). Allelic ratios of heterozygous SNPs observed in the patient indicated the maternal origin of the extra Chr21. Copy number and structural variant analyses using whole genome sequencing data indicated that the distal breakpoint of the dicentric Chr21 was located within 21q21.3 and that the extra Chr21 did not simply consist of inverted duplications of the pter→q21.3 region, but likely contained multiple partial deletions, duplications, and inversions within it. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results were consistent with the karyotype and genomic analyses. The patient's lack of DS phenotype turned out to be due to the normal copy number of the DS critical region (21q22.13-22.3). A possible molecular mechanism leading to the complex genomic rearrangements in the tetrasomic region consists mainly of breakage-fusion-bridge cycles with an unequal crossing-over event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Takano
- Department of Child Health, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Tobu Medical Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideomi Ota
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Tobu Medical Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Arai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Tobu Medical Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kamura
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gatinois V, Bigi N, Mousty E, Chiesa J, Musizzano Y, Schneider A, Lefort G, Pinson L, Gaillard JB, Ragon C, Perez MJ, Tournaire M, Blanchet P, Corsini C, Haquet E, Callier P, Geneviève D, Pellestor F, Puechberty J. Mosaic complete tetrasomy 21 in a fetus with complete atrioventricular septal defect and minor morphological variations. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00895. [PMID: 31493343 PMCID: PMC6825868 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tetrasomy 21 is a very rare aneuploidy which could clinically resemble a Down syndrome. It was most often described in its partial form than complete. We report the prenatal, pathological and genetic characteristics of a fetus with mosaic complete tetrasomy 21. This is the second well‐documented description of a complete tetrasomy 21 in the literature. Methods Prenatal and fetal pathological examinations, cytogenetic and molecular analyses were performed to characterize fetal features with tetrasomy 21. Results Prenatal ultrasound examination revealed an isolated complete atrioventricular septal defect with normal karyotype on amniotic fluid. After termination of pregnancy, clinical examination of the fetus evoked trisomy 21 or Down syndrome. Chromosomal microarray analysis and FISH on lung tissue showed a mosaicism with four copies of chromosome 21 (tetrasomy 21). Conclusion Our observation and the review of the literature reported the possibility of very weak mosaicism and disease‐causing confined tissue‐specific mosaicism in fetus or alive patients with chromosome 21 aneuploidy, mainly Down syndrome. In case of clinical diagnosis suggestive of Down syndrome, attention must be paid to the risk of false‐negative test due to chromosomal mosaicism (very weak percentage, different tissue distribution). To overcome this risk, it is necessary to privilege the diagnostic techniques without culture step and to increase the number of cells and tissues analyzed, if possible. This study highlights the limits of microarray as the unique diagnostic approach in case of weak mosaic and French cytogenetics guidelines recommend to check anomalies seen in microarray by another technique on the same tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gatinois
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Bigi
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eve Mousty
- Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean Chiesa
- Laboratoire de Cytologie Clinique et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Yuri Musizzano
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anouck Schneider
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Lefort
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucile Pinson
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Cytologie Clinique et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Clémence Ragon
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cytogénétique, Hôpital du Bocage, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Josée Perez
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Magali Tournaire
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Blanchet
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Carole Corsini
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Haquet
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Callier
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cytogénétique, Hôpital du Bocage, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Pellestor
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Puechberty
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gong Y, Wang K, Xiao SP, Mi P, Li W, Shang Y, Dou F. Overexpressed TTC3 Protein Tends to be Cleaved into Fragments and Form Aggregates in the Nucleus. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:85-96. [PMID: 30203323 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3 (TTC3) is a gene on 21q22.2 within the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR). Earlier studies suggest that TTC3 may be an important regulator in individual development, especially in neural development. As an E3 ligase, TTC3 binds to phosphorylated Akt and silence its activity via proteasomal cascade. Several groups also reported the involvement of TTC3 in familial Alzheimer's disease recently. In addition, our previous work shows that TTC3 also regulates the degradation of DNA polymerase gamma and over-expressed TTC3 protein tends to form insoluble aggregates in cells. In this study, we focus on the solubility and intracellular localization of TTC3 protein. Over-expressed TTC3 tends to form insoluble aggregates over time. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 treatment resulted in more TTC3 aggregates in a short period of time. We fused the fluorescent protein to either terminus of the TTC3 protein and found that the intracellular localization of fluorescent signals are different between the N-terminal tagged and C-terminal tagged proteins. Western blotting revealed that the TTC3 protein is cleaved into fragments of different sizes at multiple sites. The N-terminal sub-fragments of TTC3 are prone to from nuclear aggregates and the TTC3 nuclear import is mediated by signals within the N-terminal 1 to 650 residues. Moreover, over-expressed TTC3 induced a considerable degree of cytotoxicity, and its N-terminal sub-fragments are more potent inhibitors of cell proliferation than full-length protein. Considering the prevalent proteostasis dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases, these findings may relate to the pathology of such diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Panying Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schnabel F, Smogavec M, Funke R, Pauli S, Burfeind P, Bartels I. Down syndrome phenotype in a boy with a mosaic microduplication of chromosome 21q22. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:62. [PMID: 30619508 PMCID: PMC6310980 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Down syndrome, typically caused by trisomy 21, may also be associated by duplications of the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) on chromosome 21q22. However, patients with small duplications of DSCR without accompanying deletions have rarely been reported. Case presentation Here we report a 5½-year-old boy with clinical features of Down syndrome including distinct craniofacial dysmorphism and sandal gaps as well as developmental delay. Conventional karyotype was normal, whereas interphase FISH analysis revealed three signals for DSCR in approximately 40% of lymphocytes and 80% of buccal mucosa cells. Array-CGH analysis confirmed a 2.56 Mb duplication of chromosome 21q22.13q22.2 encompassing DYRK1A. Conclusion This presents one of the smallest duplications within DSCR leading to a Down syndrome phenotype. Since the dosage sensitive gene DYRK1A is the only duplicated candidate DSCR gene in our patient, this finding supports the hypothesis that DYRK1A contributes to dysmorphic and intellectual features of Down syndrome even in a mosaic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schnabel
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mateja Smogavec
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Funke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Mönchebergstr. 41-43, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Silke Pauli
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Burfeind
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iris Bartels
- 1Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bellucco FT, Fock RA, de Oliveira-Júnior HR, Perez AB, Melaragno MI. Complex Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome Leading to Partial 4q/21q Duplications: Clinical Implication and Review of the Literature. Cytogenet Genome Res 2018; 156:173-178. [DOI: 10.1159/000494682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex small marker chromosomes (sSMCs) consist of chromosomal material derived from more than 1 chromosome. Complex sSMCs derived from chromosomes 4 and 21 are rare, with only 7 cases reported. Here, we describe a patient who presented with a complex sSMC derived from a maternal translocation between chromosomes 4 and 21, which was revealed by G-banding, MLPA, and array techniques. The marker chromosome der(21)t(4;21)(q32.1; q21.2)mat is composed of a 25.6-Mb 21pterq21.2 duplication and a 32.1-Mb 4q32.1q35.2 duplication. In comparison to patients with sSMCs derived from chromosomes 4 and 21, our patient showed a similar phenotype with neuropsychomotor developmental delay and facial dysmorphism as the most important finding, being a composition of the findings found in pure 4q and 21q duplications. The wide range of phenotypes associated with sSMCs emphasizes the importance of detailed cytogenomic analyses for an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and genetic counseling.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen CP, Chen M, Wu CH, Lin CJ, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen YN, Chen SW, Chang SP, Chen LF, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 21q11.2-q21.1 and a literature review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 56:554-557. [PMID: 28805618 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 21q11.2-q21.1, and we review the literature of an sSMC(21) with a duplication of 21q11.2-q21.1. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar [18]/46,XX [4]. The parental karyotypes were normal. Prenatal ultrasound findings were unremarkable. aCGH analysis of cultured amniocytes revealed a 2.855-Mb duplication of 21q11.2-q21.1 encompassing the genes of LIPI, ABCC13 and NRIP1. Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on cultured amniocytes revealed a result of 47,XX,+mar .ish der(13/21) (D13/21Z1+) [10]. Spectral karyotyping analysis determined the origin of chromosome 21 in the sSMC. A female fetus was delivered with no phenotypic features of Down syndrome and no structural abnormalities. We discuss the genotype-phenotype correlation of LIPI, ABCC13 and NRIP1, and review the literature of an sSMC(21) associated with dup(21)(q11.2q21.1). CONCLUSION aCGH is useful for identification of the nature and genetic component of a prenatally detected sSMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Genomic Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Ni Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Genomic Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Li-Feng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aleksiūnienė B, Matulevičiūtė R, Matulevičienė A, Burnytė B, Krasovskaja N, Ambrozaitytė L, Mikštienė V, Dirsė V, Utkus A, Kučinskas V. Opposite chromosome constitutions due to a familial translocation t(1;21)(q43;q22) in 2 cousins with development delay and congenital anomalies: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6521. [PMID: 28422838 PMCID: PMC5406054 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chromosomal rearrangements are the major cause of multiple congenital abnormalities and intellectual disability. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS We report 2 first cousins with unbalanced chromosomal aberrations of chromosomes 1 and 21, resulting from balanced familial translocation. Chromosome microarray analysis revealed 8.5 Mb1q43q44 duplication/21q22.2q22.3 deletion and 6.8 Mb 1q43q44 deletion/21q22.2q22.3 duplication. Among other features, cognitive and motor development delay and craniofacial anomalies are present in both patients, whereas congenital heart defect and hearing impairment is only present in patient carrying 1q43q44 duplication/21q22.2q22.3 deletion. LESSONS In this report, we provide detailed analysis of the phenotypic features of both patients as well as compare our data with previously published reports of similar aberrations and discuss possible functional effects of AKT3, CEP170, ZBTB18, DSCAM, and TMPRSS3 genes included in the deleted and/or duplicated regions. Partial trisomy 1q/monosomy 21q has only been reported once before, and this is the first report of partial monosomy 1q/trisomy 21q. The expressed phenotype of mirroring chromosomal aberrations in our patients supports the previous suggestion that the dosage effect of some of the genes included in deleted/duplicated regions may result in opposite phenotypes of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Aleksiūnienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University
| | | | - Aušra Matulevičienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University
| | - Birutė Burnytė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University
| | | | - Laima Ambrozaitytė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University
| | - Violeta Mikštienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University
| | - Vaidas Dirsė
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Centre; Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ozyilmaz B, Kirbiyik O, Koc A, Ozdemir TR, Kaya OO, Guvenc MS, Erdoğan KM, Kutbay YB. Experiences in microarray-based evaluation of developmental disabilities and congenital anomalies. Clin Genet 2017; 92:372-379. [PMID: 28128450 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal microarray analysis is the first-tier test for the evaluation of developmental disabilities and congenital anomalies. In this report, we present CMA results of 971 patient and 301 parent samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Among 971 patient samples, 133 (13.6%) had pathogenic variants. RESULTS While analyzing, an "in-house" variant database was also used besides other databases. Owing to this, we have found chance to report the most frequent benign variants in Turkish population. CONCLUSION With the additional data we acquired in this study, we also emphasized the high potential of CMA in revealing single gene disorders and novel gene-phenotype associations as well as copy number variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ozyilmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - O Kirbiyik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - A Koc
- Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - T R Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - O O Kaya
- Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - M S Guvenc
- Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - K M Erdoğan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Y B Kutbay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Su MT, Kuan LC, Chou YY, Tan SY, Kuo TC, Kuo PL. Partial trisomy of chromosome 21 without the Down syndrome phenotype. Prenat Diagn 2016; 36:492-5. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Tsz Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Long-Ching Kuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kuo General Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yin Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yi Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kuo General Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A de novo 2.78-Mb duplication on chromosome 21q22.11 implicates candidate genes in the partial trisomy 21 phenotype. NPJ Genom Med 2016; 1. [PMID: 27840696 PMCID: PMC5102301 DOI: 10.1038/npjgenmed.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID) and in the majority of cases is the result of complete trisomy 21. The hypothesis that the characteristic DS clinical features are due to a single DS critical region (DSCR) at distal chromosome 21q has been refuted by recently reported segmental trisomy 21 cases characterised by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH). These rare cases have implicated multiple regions on chromosome 21 in the aetiology of distinct features of DS; however, the map of chromosome 21 copy-number aberrations and their associated phenotypes remains incompletely defined. We report a child with ID who was deemed very high risk for DS on antenatal screening (1 in 13) and has partial, but distinct, dysmorphologic features of DS without congenital heart disease (CHD). Oligonucleotide aCGH testing of the proband detected a previously unreported de novo 2.78-Mb duplication on chromosome 21q22.11 that includes 16 genes; however, this aberration does not harbour any of the historical DSCR genes (APP, DSCR1, DYRK1A and DSCAM). This informative case implicates previously under-recognised candidate genes (SOD1, SYNJ1 and ITSN1) in the pathogenesis of specific DS clinical features and supports a critical region for CHD located more distal on chromosome 21q. In addition, this unique case illustrates how the increasing resolution of microarray and high-throughput sequencing technologies can continue to reveal new biology and enhance understanding of widely studied genetic diseases that were originally described over 50 years ago.
Collapse
|
17
|
Meschino WS, Miller K, Bedford HM. Incidental detection of familialAPPduplication: an unusual reason for a false positive NIPT result of trisomy 21. Prenat Diagn 2016; 36:382-4. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S. Meschino
- Genetics Program; North York General Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Kristen Miller
- Genetics Program; North York General Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - H. Melanie Bedford
- Genetics Program; North York General Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|