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Saucedo-Araujo RG, Gálvez-Fernández P, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Sánchez-López M, Avellaneda P, Suelves JM, Huertas-Delgado FJ, Chillón P, Herrador-Colmenero M. Active Commuting to School among Spanish Preschool Children: A Temporal Change Study between 2013 and 2017. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:3. [PMID: 38275424 PMCID: PMC10813918 DOI: 10.3390/children11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active commuting to school may increase the total daily physical activity and achieve health benefits among preschool children. Rates of active commuting to school among Spanish children and adolescents have been widely analysed, while the rates of active commuting to school among Spanish preschool children are unknown. AIM The main objective of this study was to examine the changes in the rates of active commuting to school in a sample of Spanish preschool children between 3 and 6 years old from 2013 to 2017. METHODS Data were found from five studies carried out across Spain. The study sample comprised 4787 preschool children (4.59 ± 0.77 years old; 51% males). The overall changes in active commuting to school were assessed using multilevel logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The rates of active commuting to school in Spanish preschool children are around 52%, and the active commuting to school rates have stayed stable throughout the period assessed (odds ratio from 0.40 to 0.58, all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In preschool children, the present study obtained a favourable result on active commuting to school, showing a pattern stability in the examined period similar to other ages. It will be of great importance to promote this behaviour to obtain high levels of active commuting to school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Gisele Saucedo-Araujo
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain;
| | - Patricia Gálvez-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (C.C.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (C.C.-S.); (P.C.)
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain;
- School of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pau Avellaneda
- Departament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep M. Suelves
- Health Department, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
- eHealth Center Behavior Design Laboratory, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya—UOC, Rambla del Poblenou, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Palma Chillón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (C.C.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Manuel Herrador-Colmenero
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-F.); (C.C.-S.); (P.C.)
- La Inmaculada Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
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Jeong S, Yun SB, Park SY, Mun S. Understanding cross-data dynamics of individual and social/environmental factors through a public health lens: explainable machine learning approaches. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1257861. [PMID: 37954048 PMCID: PMC10639162 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rising prevalence of obesity has become a public health concern, requiring efficient and comprehensive prevention strategies. Methods This study innovatively investigated the combined influence of individual and social/environmental factors on obesity within the urban landscape of Seoul, by employing advanced machine learning approaches. We collected 'Community Health Surveys' and credit card usage data to represent individual factors. In parallel, we utilized 'Seoul Open Data' to encapsulate social/environmental factors contributing to obesity. A Random Forest model was used to predict obesity based on individual factors. The model was further subjected to Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) algorithms to determine each factor's relative importance in obesity prediction. For social/environmental factors, we used the Geographically Weighted Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (GWLASSO) to calculate the regression coefficients. Results The Random Forest model predicted obesity with an accuracy of >90%. The SHAP revealed diverse influential individual obesity-related factors in each Gu district, although 'self-awareness of obesity', 'weight control experience', and 'high blood pressure experience' were among the top five influential factors across all Gu districts. The GWLASSO indicated variations in regression coefficients between social/environmental factors across different districts. Conclusion Our findings provide valuable insights for designing targeted obesity prevention programs that integrate different individual and social/environmental factors within the context of urban design, even within the same city. This study enhances the efficient development and application of explainable machine learning in devising urban health strategies. We recommend that each autonomous district consider these differential influential factors in designing their budget plans to tackle obesity effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwoo Jeong
- Convergence Institute of Human Data Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bum Yun
- Urban Strategy Research Division, Seoul Institute of Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Yong Park
- Urban Strategy Research Division, Seoul Institute of Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Mun
- Convergence Institute of Human Data Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Vella SA, Aidman E, Teychenne M, Smith JJ, Swann C, Rosenbaum S, White RL, Lubans DR. Optimising the effects of physical activity on mental health and wellbeing: A joint consensus statement from Sports Medicine Australia and the Australian Psychological Society. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:132-139. [PMID: 36737260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This consensus statement from Sports Medicine Australia and the Australian Psychological Society aims to provide guidance to practitioners on the ways that physical activity can be promoted to maximise benefits to mental health. METHODS Following the Clinical Consensus Statement protocol, an expert group comprised of eight members with expertise in physical activity and mental health articulated recommendations regarding five physical activity contextual factors: type, physical environment, delivery, domain, and social environment. RESULTS To optimise the mental health benefits of physical activity, we recommend: i) activity selection be guided by factors associated with adherence and enjoyment as opposed to any specific type (type); ii) facilitators (i.e., teachers, coaches, instructors, practitioners) deliver organised physical activity sessions using an instructional style that satisfies individuals' basic needs for autonomy, competence and social connection (delivery); iii) participation in physical activity with others who provide support, facilitate positive interactions, or make people feel valued, so long as it does not undermine a preference to be active alone (social environment); iv) where possible and appropriate, some physical activity should be undertaken outside in pleasant natural environments (physical environment); and, v) at least some physical activity be undertaken during leisure-time or via active travel, where possible prioritising activities one personally chooses to undertake (domain). CONCLUSIONS The type, domain, physical and social environment of physical activity, as well as the way in which it is delivered, will determine mental health outcomes. Practitioners can use these recommendations to optimise the effects of physical activity on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart A Vella
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Eugene Aidman
- Division of Human and Decision Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia,; School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Megan Teychenne
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Christian Swann
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Research Theme, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, and Australia Manna Institute, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, 2450, Australia
| | | | | | - David R Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Wenden EJ, Virgara R, Pearce N, Budgeon C, Christian HE. Movement behavior policies in the early childhood education and care setting: An international scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1077977. [PMID: 37113169 PMCID: PMC10126357 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1077977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines for the early years is associated with better health and development outcomes in young children. Early childhood education and care (ECEC) is a key intervention setting however little is known about the content and implementation of movement behavior polices in this context. To inform policy development this international scoping review examined the prevalence, content, development and implementation of ECEC-specific movement behavior policies. Methods A systematic literature search of published and gray literature since 2010 was conducted. Academic databases (EMBASE, Cinahl, Web of Science, Proquest, Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed) were searched. A Google search was undertaken and limited to the first 200 results. The Comprehensive Analysis of Policy on Physical Activity framework informed data charting. Results Forty-three ECEC policy documents met inclusion criteria. Most policies originated in the United States, were subnational and developed with government, non-government organizations and ECEC end-users. Physical activity was specified in 59% (30-180 min/day), sedentary time in 51% (15-60 min/day) and sleep in 20% (30-120 min/day) of policies. Daily outdoor physical activity was recommended (30-160 min/day) in most policies. No policy permitted screen time for children <2 years, with 20-120 min/day for children >2 years. Most policies (80%) had accompanying resources but few provided evaluation tools (e.g., checklists; action plan templates). Many policies had not been reviewed since the publication of 24-h movement guidelines. Conclusion Movement behavior policies in the ECEC setting are often vaguely worded, missing a comprehensive evidence base, siloed in development and often not tailored for the 'real world.' A focus on evidence informed ECEC-specific movement behavior policies proportionally aligned with national/international 24-h Movement Behaviors Guidelines for the Early Years is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Wenden
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth J. Wenden,
| | - Rosa Virgara
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Natasha Pearce
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Charley Budgeon
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hayley E. Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Gooey M, Skouteris H, Betts J, Hatzikiriakidis K, Sturgiss E, Bergmeier H, Bragge P. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention of childhood obesity: A systematic review of quality and content. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13492. [PMID: 35818135 PMCID: PMC9539478 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in childhood is a significant global issue, and prevention is key to reducing prevalence. Healthcare providers can play an important role in the prevention of obesity. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for preventing childhood obesity with a focus on the role of medical doctors. Peer-reviewed literature and gray literature sources were searched for CPGs published from 2010 to 2021. Eleven CPGs were identified. Quality was evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Collaboration (AGREE II) instrument; seven CPGs were higher quality and four lower quality. Recommendations within the CPGs covered three main areas: growth monitoring, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing overweight. The importance of involving the whole family and healthy lifestyle behaviors was emphasized. The majority of the CPGs rated poorly in guideline applicability highlighting the need for practical implementation tools. Although our review identified a number of CPGs relevant to the prevention of obesity for doctors working with children and their families, more research is needed to produce high-quality meaningful and applicable CPGs to maximize uptake, implementation, and ultimately, benefit to children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gooey
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Juliana Betts
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kostas Hatzikiriakidis
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Sturgiss
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi Bergmeier
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Bragge
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Boyle MH, Olsho LEW, Mendelson MR, Stidsen CM, Logan CW, Witt MB, Gola AAH, Copeland KA. Physical Activity Opportunities in US Early Child Care Programs. Pediatrics 2022; 149:188020. [PMID: 35582889 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-048850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Physical activity provides health and developmental benefits to young children. The Study of Nutrition and Activity in Child Care Settings describes physical activity opportunities and sedentary occasions for children aged 1 to 5 years at programs participating in the US Department of Agriculture Child and Adult Care Food Program. METHODS The Study of Nutrition and Activity in Child Care Settings obtained a nationally representative sample of classrooms within Child and Adult Care Food Program-participating Head Start and child care centers via multistage cluster sampling. For 1 observation day, an observer in each classroom tallied designated outdoor and indoor playspaces; minutes children spent in playspaces; barriers and facilitators to physical activity; and classroom time when most children were physically active (eg, walking, dancing), sedentary (seated, lying down), or neither. Weighted descriptive tabulations by program type compared outdoor physical activity opportunity counts and total physical activity opportunity durations to national guidelines. Multivariate regression analysis investigated association of barriers with physical activity opportunity duration. RESULTS The sample included 227 classrooms, 96 in child care centers and 131 in Head Start programs. All had sedentary occasions outside meals, snacks, and naps; virtually all offered opportunities for physical activity. Seventy-four percent of programs met national guidance on sufficient number of outdoor opportunities, weather permitting. Just 50% met guidance of ≥60 to 90 minutes of physical activity, whereas only 43% met both sets of guidance. Weather and staff not joining in outdoor play were associated with 74 and 31 fewer minutes devoted to physical activity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest ample room for improvement in provision of physical activity opportunities during child care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christopher W Logan
- Abt Associates, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Logan Program Evaluation, Arlington, Massachusetts
| | | | - Alice Ann H Gola
- US Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Alexandria, Virginia
| | - Kristen A Copeland
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Parent-perceived neighbourhood environment, parenting practices and preschool-aged children physical activity and screen time: a cross-sectional study of two culturally and geographically diverse cities. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:309. [PMID: 35624474 PMCID: PMC9137173 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preschool-aged children's physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) are important health-related behaviours likely influenced by PA opportunities, parental perceptions of neighbourhood safety and parenting practices pertaining to PA and ST. How these factors interact to impact on young children's PA and ST, and whether their effects are generalisable across cultures and geographical location is not known. This study addressed these knowledge gaps by conducting pooled analyses of comparable data from two culturally and geographically diverse samples - Chinese parent-child dyads from an ultra-dense city (Hong Kong, China) and Latino parent-child dyads from a low-density city (Houston, USA). METHODS The analytical sample consisted of 164 Hong Kong Chinese and 84 US Latino parent-child dyads with data on socio-demographic characteristics, parent-perceived neighbourhood destinations and facilities for children's PA, physical and social safety-related neighbourhood attributes, PA-related parenting practices and child's ST and accelerometer-assessed PA. Generalised linear models with robust standard errors accounting for neighbourhood-level clustering were used to estimate associations and interaction effects. RESULTS Hong Kong Chinese children accumulated less PA than US Latino children, although the latter had more ST. Hong Kong Chinese parents reported more parenting practices promoting inactivity. Neighbourhood PA opportunities were positively related to children's PA only if parental perceptions of neighbourhood safety were favourable, and the associations of physical neighbourhood environment characteristics with children's PA and ST depended on PA-related parenting practices. Community cohesion was positively related to children's PA and negatively related to ST, while parental promotion of ST was positively associated with children's ST. Correlates of children's PA and ST did not differ by city. CONCLUSIONS The substantial differences in activity patterns between Hong Kong Chinese and US Latino preschool-aged children observed in this study are likely due to a combination of cultural and built environmental factors. However, the fact that no between-city differences in correlates of PA and ST were detected indicates that both populations of children are equally affected by parent-perceived neighbourhood environmental characteristics and parenting practices. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering how various individual-, home- and neighbourhood physical and social factors interact to influence young children's health-promoting activity levels.
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The Influence of the Early Childhood Education and Care Environment on Young Children's Physical Activity: Development and Reliability of the PLAYCE Study Environmental Audit and Educator Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072497. [PMID: 32268499 PMCID: PMC7177316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Participation in physical activity is crucial for the healthy growth and development of young children. More robust measurement of environmental influences on children’s physical activity in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings may help resolve inconsistencies in the literature. This study evaluated the reliability of an environmental audit and educator practice survey for assessing ECEC physical, policy, and social environments related to young children’s physical activity. (2) Methods: A convenience sample of 20 ECEC centres participated in this PLAYCE (Play Spaces and Environments for Children’s Physical Activity) sub-study. Trained auditors conducted audits and educators completed surveys, two weeks apart. Test-retest reliability of the survey (n = 32), inter-rater (n = 20 pairs) and intra-rater reliability (n = 38) of the audit was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), Kappa statistics and percent agreement. (3) Results: Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability ICCs for outdoor equipment, spaces and features were good to excellent (ICC = 0.70–0.94), while ratings for indoor equipment, media and spaces varied from fair to excellent (ICC = 0.46–0.78). The majority of items were rated by Kappa as moderate or above for intra-rater, inter-rater and survey test-retest reliability. (4) Conclusions: The PLAYCE Study instruments provide reliable measures of ECEC physical activity environments which can help to better understand influences on young children’s physical activity.
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Physical Activity and Fundamental Movement Skills of 3- to 5-Year-Old Children in Irish Preschool Services. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify levels of physical activity (PA) and fundamental movement skills (FMS) of children aged 3 to 5 years in Irish preschool services during care hours, and investigate the relationship between these two variables. Data were collected from 141 children (50.3% boys, ageM = 3.9 ± 0.5 years) across 9 preschool services. Measurements included PA via accelerometry, and proficiency in four FMS (run, vertical jump, throw and catch). The recommended guideline of 15 minutes of PA per hour (min PA/hour) was met by 35% of children (M = 13.6 min PA/hour). Significant differences in mean PA per hour were found by gender, with boys (14.2 min PA/hour) more active than girls (13.0 min PA/ hour), and age, with younger children (14.2 min PA/hour) more active than older (12.6 minutes PA/hour). Percentage of children proficient in the run was high (88.4%), but low across the other skills (4.9%–18.5%). Significant differences were identified by gender for vertical jump with girls scoring higher than boys. No significant relationship was found between FMS and total PA. Low levels of PA and FMS proficiency highlight need for intervention in early years settings to ensure children develop skills to participate in PA.
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Weihrauch-Blüher S, Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Graf C, Widhalm K, Korsten-Reck U, Jödicke B, Markert J, Müller MJ, Moss A, Wabitsch M, Wiegand S. Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence. Obes Facts 2018; 11:263-276. [PMID: 29969778 PMCID: PMC6103347 DOI: 10.1159/000486512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current guidelines for prevention of obesity in childhood and adolescence are discussed. METHODS A literature search was performed in Medline via PubMed, and appropriate studies were analyzed. RESULTS Programs to prevent childhood obesity have so far remained mainly school-based and effects have been limited. Analyses by age group show that prevention programs have the best results in younger children (<12 years). Evidence-based recommendations for pre-school- and early school-aged children indicate the need for interventions that address parents and teachers alike. During adolescence, school-based interventions proved most effective when adolescents were addressed directly. To date, obesity prevention programs have mainly focused on behavior-oriented prevention. Recommendations for community- or environment-based prevention have been suggested by the German Alliance of Noncommunicable Diseases and include a minimum of 1 h of physical activity at school, promotion of healthy food choices by taxing unhealthy foods, mandatory standards for meals at kindergartens and schools as well as a ban on unhealthy food advertisement aimed at children. CONCLUSION Behavior-oriented prevention programs showed only limited long-term effects. Certain groups at risk for the development of obesity are not reached effectively by current programs. Although universally valid conclusions cannot be drawn given the heterogeneity of available studies, clearly combining behavior-based programs with community-based prevention to counteract an 'obesogenic environment' is crucial for sustainable success of future obesity prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Weihrauch-Blüher
- IFB AdiposityDiseases; Leipzig University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics I / Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Halle/Saale, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Kartin Kromeyer-Hauschild
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Medical Center, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Graf
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department Of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Korsten-Reck
- Department of Rehabilitative and Preventive Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Birgit Jödicke
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Center for Social-Pediatric Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Markert
- IFB AdiposityDiseases; Leipzig University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Special and Inclusive Education, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred James Müller
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Moss
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Center for Social-Pediatric Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cliff DP, McNeill J, Vella S, Howard SJ, Kelly MA, Angus DJ, Wright IM, Santos R, Batterham M, Melhuish E, Okely AD, de Rosnay M. The Preschool Activity, Technology, Health, Adiposity, Behaviour and Cognition (PATH-ABC) cohort study: rationale and design. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:95. [PMID: 28376910 PMCID: PMC5379769 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence estimates internationally suggest that many preschool-aged children (3-5 years) are insufficiently physically active and engage in high levels of screen-based entertainment. Early childhood is the developmental period for which we know the least about the effects of physical activity on development and health. Likewise, rapid technological advancements in mobile electronic media have made screen-based forms of entertainment for young children ubiquitous, and research demonstrating the impacts on cognition, psychosocial well-being, and health has lagged behind the rate of adoption of these technologies. The purpose of the Preschool Activity, Technology, Health, Adiposity, Behaviour and Cognition (PATH-ABC) study is to investigate if physical activity and screen-based entertainment are independently associated with cognitive and psychosocial development, and health outcomes in young children, and if so, how much and which types of these behaviours might be most influential. METHODS The PATH-ABC study is a prospective cohort, aiming to recruit 430 3-5 year-old children. Children are recruited through and complete initial assessments at their Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) centre, and then 12-months later at their centre or school. Direct assessments are made of children's habitual physical activity using accelerometry, cognitive (executive function) and language development (expressive vocabulary), psychosocial development (emotional understanding, Theory of Mind, empathy, and heart rate variability), adiposity (body mass index and waist circumference), and cardiovascular health (blood pressure and retinal micro- vasculature). Educators report on children's psychological strengths and difficulties and self-regulation. Parents report on children's habitual use of electronic media and other child, parent and household characteristics. DISCUSSION The PATH-ABC study aims to provide evidence to enhance understanding of how much and which types of physical activity and screen-based media influence development and health in preschool-aged children. This information would benefit parents, educators, health professionals and governments seeking to develop strategies and policies to give young children the best start in life by promoting healthy levels of physical activity and electronic media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan P Cliff
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Jade McNeill
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Stewart Vella
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Steven J Howard
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Megan A Kelly
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Douglas J Angus
- School of Psychology University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Ian M Wright
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marijka Batterham
- Statistical Consulting Centre, School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Edward Melhuish
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marc de Rosnay
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Christian H, Maitland C, Enkel S, Trapp G, Trost SG, Schipperijn J, Boruff B, Lester L, Rosenberg M, Zubrick SR. Influence of the day care, home and neighbourhood environment on young children's physical activity and health: protocol for the PLAYCE observational study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e014058. [PMID: 27932343 PMCID: PMC5168658 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The early years are a critical period in a child's health and development, yet most preschool children fail to meet physical activity guidelines. Outside of the home and neighbourhood, children spend a large proportion of time within early childhood education and care (ECEC) services such as long day care. Research is required to determine how the design of day care outdoor (and indoor) spaces provides opportunities or constraints for physical activity. A significant evidence gap surrounds what objectively measured attributes of the home and neighbourhood environment influence preschoolers' physical activity. The PLAY Spaces & Environments for Children's Physical Activity (PLAYCE) study will empirically investigate the relative and cumulative influence of the day care, home and neighbourhood environment on preschoolers' physical activity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The PLAYCE study is a cross-sectional observational study (April 2015 to April 2018) of 2400 children aged 2-5 years attending long day care in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Accelerometers will measure physical activity with indoor physical activity measured using radio frequency identification. Global positioning systems will be used to determine outdoor location of physical activity around the home and neighbourhood for a subsample (n=310). The day care environment will be objectively measured using a validated audit tool. Other potential individual, social and physical environmental influences on preschoolers' physical activity will be collected by geographic information systems measures, parent and day care educator surveys. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been granted by The University of Western Australia Human Ethics Research Committee, approval number RA/4/1/7417. Findings will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. Key findings will be disseminated to stakeholders, collaborators, policymakers and practitioners working in the ECEC sector. Day care centre directors and parents will be given a summary report of the key findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Christian
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment and School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Clover Maitland
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie Enkel
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Georgina Trapp
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment and School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stewart G Trost
- Centre for Children's Health Research-School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bryan Boruff
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment and School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leanne Lester
- School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stephen R Zubrick
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Education, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Increasing physical activity among young children from disadvantaged communities: study protocol of a group randomised controlled effectiveness trial. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1095. [PMID: 27756277 PMCID: PMC5069890 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in regular physical activity (PA) during the early years helps children achieve healthy body weight and can substantially improve motor development, bone health, psychosocial health and cognitive development. Despite common assumptions that young children are naturally active, evidence shows that they are insufficiently active for health and developmental benefits. Exploring strategies to increase physical activity in young children is a public health and research priority. METHODS Jump Start is a multi-component, multi-setting PA and gross motor skill intervention for young children aged 3-5 years in disadvantaged areas of New South Wales, Australia. The intervention will be evaluated using a two-arm, parallel group, randomised cluster trial. The Jump Start protocol was based on Social Cognitive Theory and includes five components: a structured gross motor skill lesson (Jump In); unstructured outdoor PA and gross motor skill time (Jump Out); energy breaks (Jump Up); activities connecting movement to learning experiences (Jump Through); and a home-based family component to promote PA and gross motor skill (Jump Home). Early childhood education and care centres will be demographically matched and randomised to Jump Start (intervention) or usual practice (comparison) group. The intervention group receive Jump Start professional development, program resources, monthly newsletters and ongoing intervention support. Outcomes include change in total PA (accelerometers) within centre hours, gross motor skill development (Test of Gross Motor Development-2), weight status (body mass index), bone strength (Sunlight MiniOmni Ultrasound Bone Sonometer), self-regulation (Heads-Toes-Knees-Shoulders, executive function tasks, and proxy-report Temperament and Approaches to learning scales), and educator and parent self-efficacy. Extensive quantitative and qualitative process evaluation and a cost-effectiveness evaluation will be conducted. DISCUSSION The Jump Start intervention is a unique program to address low levels of PA and gross motor skill proficiency, and support healthy lifestyle behaviours among young children in disadvantaged communities. If shown to be efficacious, the Jump Start approach can be expected to have implications for early childhood education and care policies and practices, and ultimately a positive effect on the health and development across the life course. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12614000597695 , first received: June 5, 2014.
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14
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Verbestel V, De Henauw S, Barba G, Eiben G, Gallois K, Hadjigeorgiou C, Konstabel K, Maes L, Mårild S, Molnár D, Moreno LA, Oja L, Pitsiladis Y, Ahrens W, Pigeot I, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Effectiveness of the IDEFICS intervention on objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in European children. Obes Rev 2015; 16 Suppl 2:57-67. [PMID: 26707016 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper reports on the effectiveness of the prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants (IDEFICS) intervention on objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in 2- to 9.9-year-old European boys and girls. METHODS The intervention was evaluated after 2 years through a non-randomized cluster-controlled trial in eight European countries (one control and one intervention community per country). All children in the intervention group received a culturally adapted childhood obesity prevention programme through the community, schools/kindergartens and family. A random sub-sample of children participating in the IDEFICS study wore an accelerometer at baseline and follow-up for at least 3 days (n = 9,184). Of this sample, 81% provided valid accelerometer data at baseline (n = 7,413; 51% boys; 6.21 ± 1.76 years; boys: 617 ± 170 cpm day(-1) ; girls 556 ± 156 cpm day(-1) ) and 3,010 children provided valid accelerometer data at baseline and during the follow-up survey 2 years later. RESULTS In boys and girls, no significant differences in PA and ST were found between intervention and control groups over 2 years. Strong temporal effects were found in the total sample of boys and girls: the percentage of time spent in light PA per day decreased by 4 percentage points in both boys and girls between baseline and follow-up (both: p < 0.001), while time spent in ST per day increased by 4 percentage points in both sexes over time (both: p < 0.001). Percentage of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA per day remained stable over time in boys and girls. CONCLUSION Despite the socio-ecological approach and implementation of a culturally adapted intervention in each country, no effects of the IDEFICS intervention were found on children's objectively measured PA and ST. Behavioural interventions for children may need to enhance specificity and intensity at the family level using other behaviour change techniques and more direct strategies to reach parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Verbestel
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Barba
- Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - G Eiben
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - K Gallois
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - C Hadjigeorgiou
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - K Konstabel
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - L Maes
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Mårild
- Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Childrens' University Hospital, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Oja
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Y Pitsiladis
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - I Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - I De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Bell AC, Finch M, Wolfenden L, Fitzgerald M, Morgan PJ, Jones J, Freund M, Wiggers J. Child physical activity levels and associations with modifiable characteristics in centre-based childcare. Aust N Z J Public Health 2015; 39:232-6. [PMID: 25716452 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe children's physical activity levels during childcare and associations with modifiable characteristics. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 328 preschool children (43% girls; age 3-5 years) and 145 staff from 20 long day care centres in the Hunter Region of NSW, Australia. Pedometers assessed child physical activity levels. Centre characteristics and staff attitudes and behaviours towards children's physical activity were assessed using surveys, interviews and observational audit. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. RESULTS Over the measurement period, average step count of children was 15.8 (SD=6.8) steps/minute. Four-year-olds had the highest step counts (16.4, SD=7.1, p=0.03) with no differences by sex. Step counts were significantly higher in centres that had a written physical activity policy (+3.8 steps/minute, p=0.03) and where staff led structured physical activity (+3.7 steps/minute, p<0.001) and joined in active play (+2.9 steps/minute, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Written physical activity policy, structured staff-led physical activity and staff joining in active play were associated with higher levels of physical activity. IMPLICATIONS Childcare physical activity interventions should consider including strategies to encourage written physical activity policies and support structured staff led physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colin Bell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.,School of Education, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Victoria
| | - Meghan Finch
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.,Hunter New England Population Health, New South Wales
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.,Hunter New England Population Health, New South Wales
| | - Michael Fitzgerald
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales
| | - Philip J Morgan
- School of Education, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, New South Wales
| | - Jannah Jones
- Hunter New England Population Health, New South Wales
| | - Megan Freund
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.,Hunter New England Population Health, New South Wales.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales
| | - John Wiggers
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.,Hunter New England Population Health, New South Wales.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales
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16
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An intervention for improving the lifestyle habits of kindergarten children in Israel: a cluster-randomised controlled trial investigation. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:1537-44. [PMID: 24621661 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001400024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of an intervention programme to improve kindergarten children's eating and leisure habits in Israel. DESIGN A cluster-randomised controlled trial. SETTING Six full-day kindergartens in Israel were randomly divided into three groups. Group A received the full intervention programme, which included lessons on good eating habits and daily physical exercise. Group B received a partial intervention of lessons only. Group C, the reference group, did not receive any intervention. SUBJECTS Children aged 4-6 years (n 204) were recruited for the study. METHODS Objective data for weight and height were collected to calculate BMI Z-scores. Activity, sedentary time, sleeping hours and daily energy intake were assessed via a parental questionnaire. Nutritional knowledge was assessed by a single dietitian using a questionnaire addressed to the children. Assessments were done at baseline and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS After adjustment for baseline levels we observed a significant reduction in daily energy intake for the full intervention group A (P = 0.03). A positive intervention effect was demonstrated on nutritional knowledge in the partial intervention group B (P = 0.03), although no significant change was demonstrated for BMI Z-score. CONCLUSIONS The study supports the incorporation of education on healthy lifestyle habits and physical activity into the curricula of kindergartens.
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Mehtälä MAK, Sääkslahti AK, Inkinen ME, Poskiparta MEH. A socio-ecological approach to physical activity interventions in childcare: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:22. [PMID: 24559188 PMCID: PMC3936868 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The promotion of physical activity (PA) in young children requires effective interventions. This article reviews the evidence on PA interventions in childcare by applying a socio-ecological approach. A computer-based literature search for intervention studies aimed at increasing children's PA levels was run across four databases: SPORTDiscus, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO and ERIC. The participants had to be in childcare, aged 2-6-year-old, and their pre- and post- intervention PA levels measured. Selection was restricted to peer-reviewed publications and to studies conducted in childcare settings. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria and their methodological quality was assessed. Seven studies exhibited high methodological quality; twelve were rated as moderate and four low. The effectiveness of the interventions was determined according to the post-intervention behavioral changes reported in children's PA. Fourteen studies found increases in PA levels or reductions in sedentary time, although the changes were modest. The data remain too limited to allow firm conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of the components mediating PA interventions, although PA-specific in-service teacher training seems a potential strategy. The findings of this review indicate that children's PA remained low and did not approach the 180 min/day criteria. It may be that more intensive multilevel and multicomponent interventions based on a comprehensive model are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mari Elina Inkinen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Keskussairaalantie 4, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
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Changes in physical activity over time in young children: a longitudinal study using accelerometers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81567. [PMID: 24282607 PMCID: PMC3839894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that marked declines in physical activity occur during the preschool years, and across the transition into school. However, longitudinal studies using objective measures of activity have been limited by sample size and length of follow-up. The aims of this study were to determine how overall activity and time in different intensities of activity change in children followed from 3 to 7 years. Children (n = 242) wore Actical accelerometers at 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6.5 and 7 years of age during all waking and sleeping hours for a minimum of 5 days. Time in sedentary (S), light (L), moderate (M), and vigorous (V) physical activity was determined using available cut points. Data were analyzed using a mixed model and expressed as counts per minute (cpm, overall activity) and the ratio of active time to sedentary time (LMV:S), adjusted for multiple confounders including sex, age, time worn, and weather. At 5 years, physical activity had declined substantially to around half that observed at 3 years. Although starting school was associated with a further short-term (6-month) decline in activity (cpm) in both boys (difference; 95% CI: -98; -149, -46) and girls (-124; -174, -74, both P<0.001), this proved to be relatively transient; activity levels were similar at 6-7 years as they were just prior to starting school. Boys were more physically active than girls as indicated by an overall 12% (95% CI: 2, 22%) higher ratio of active to sedentary time (P = 0.014), but the pattern of this difference did not change from 3 to 7 years. Time worn and weather variables were significant predictors of activity. In conclusion, both boys and girls show a marked decline in activity from 3 to 4 years of age, a decrease that is essentially maintained through to 7 years of age. Factors driving this marked decrease need to be determined to enable the development of targeted interventions.
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19
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Magarey AM. The problem just keeps getting bigger. Med J Aust 2012; 196:152-3. [DOI: 10.5694/mja12.10103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthea M Magarey
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA
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