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Kim H, Choo H, Cha J, Jang M, Son J, Jeong T, Choi BH, Lim Y, Chai HH, Lee J, Lim D, Shin D, Park W, Park JE. Blood transcriptome comparison between sexes and their function in 4-week Rhode Island red chickens. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:358-368. [PMID: 36605592 PMCID: PMC9809412 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2146187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex is a major biological factor in the development and physiology of a sexual reproductive organism, and its role in the growing process is needed to be investigated in various species. We compare blood transcriptome between 5 males and 5 females in 4-week-old Rhode Island Red chickens and perform functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results are as follows. 141 and 109 DEGs were located in autosomes and sex chromosomes, respectively. The gene ontology (GO) terms are significantly (p < 0.05) enriched, which were limb development, inner ear development, positive regulation of dendrite development, the KEGG pathway the TGF-beta signaling pathway, and melanogenesis (p < 0.05). These pathways are related to morphological maintenance and growth of the tissues. In addition, the SMAD2W and the BMP5 were involved in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, and both play an important role in maintaining tissue development. The major DEGs related to the development of neurons and synapses include the up-regulated NRN1, GDF10, SLC1A1, BMP5, NBEA, and NRXN1. Also, 7 DEGs were validated using RT-qPCR with high correlation (r 2 = 0.74). In conclusion, the differential expression of blood tissue in the early growing chicken was enriched in TGF-beta signaling and related to the development of neurons and synapses including SMAD2W and BMP5. These results suggest that blood in the early growing stage is differentially affected in tissue development, nervous system, and pigmentation by sex. For future research, experimental characterization of DEGs and a holistic investigation of various tissues and growth stages will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kim
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Hyojun Choo
- Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Jihye Cha
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Myoungjin Jang
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Juhwan Son
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Taejoon Jeong
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Youngjo Lim
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Han-Ha Chai
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Jungjae Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea, Jong-Eun Park Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Korea; Woncheoul Park Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Korea, Jong-Eun Park Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Korea; Woncheoul Park Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Korea
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Influence of dietary vitamin E and selenium supplementation on broilers subjected to heat stress, Part I: Growth performance, body composition and intestinal nutrient transporters. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101857. [PMID: 35461066 PMCID: PMC9048119 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Designing Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles with the Co-Precipitation Technique to Improve Phosphorous Availability in Broiler Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102773. [PMID: 34679795 PMCID: PMC8532966 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increase in phosphate prices has inflated the cost for poultry feeding. Dicalcium phosphate is an essential mineral involved in the metabolism and development and is commonly used as a dietary source of phosphorus (PT) for poultry. The use of nanoparticles of dicalcium phosphate (NDP) could increase the bioavailability of PT in the diet. The sizes of the nanoparticles formed were 20 and 80 nm. NDP had the Ca:P ratio 1:1.12. The digestibility of PT in birds improved by 67% in the treatment with 0.35% available P (Pa) of NDP. The highest contents of PT -breast were found with the levels of 0.35 and 0.46% Pa of NDP. In conclusion, the use of NDP as an ingredient for broilers was efficient with a Pa dose at 0.35%. This dose was ideal in chicks for digestibility and absorption values. Additionally, results showed an improvement in the amount of PT in breast. Abstract Dicalcium phosphate (DP) is a mineral involved in the metabolism and development and is used as a dietary source of phosphorus (PT) for poultry. Our study objective is to design nano-dicalcium phosphate (NDP) by co-precipitation. The methodological procedure was divided into two phases: (1) NDP synthesis, and (2) bird performance, digestibility, and Ca-P in chick’s tissues. The sizes of the NDP were 20–80 nm. NDP had the Ca: P ratio of 1:1.12. The birds were divided into control diet (available P (Pa) = 0.13%) and three supplementary P sources [Commercial (Calcium phosphate), analytical grade (DP) and nanoparticles (NDP)] with three Pa levels (0.24, 0.35, 0.46%). Supplementary P sources compared to the control treatment had the highest body weight gain (698.56 vs. 228; p < 0.05) and feed intake (FI) (965.18 vs. 345.82), respectively. The digestibility of PT (67%) improved with 0.35% NDP. The highest contents of PT -breast were with the levels of 0.35 and 0.46% NDP. The PT, ash, and diameters were higher (p < 0.05) with supplementary P compared to the control treatment. As conclusion, the use of 0.35% NDP was the ideal dose in the chicks for the digestibility, absorption values, and the amount of PT in the breast.
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Salisbury F, Cowieson A, Gous R. Constraints on the modelling of calcium and phosphorus growth of broilers: a systematic review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1974804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Salisbury
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | | | - R.M. Gous
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Early-life conditioning strategies to reduce dietary phosphorus in broilers: underlying mechanisms. J Nutr Sci 2020; 9:e28. [PMID: 32742645 PMCID: PMC7372159 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2020.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens adapt to P and Ca restriction during the very first days of life by improving P utilisation efficiency. The present study was built to identify the mechanisms underlying this adaptive capacity, and to identify the optimal window of application of the restriction (depletion). A total of 1600 Cobb 500TM male broilers were used. During each phase (from age 0 to 4 d, 5 to 8 d, 9 to 18 d and 19 to 33 d), the animals received either a control diet (H) or a restricted diet (L) with reduced levels of non-phytate P (nPP) and Ca (between −14 and −25 % for both) with four dietary sequences: HHHH, HLHL, LHHL and LLHL. None of the feeding strategies affected growth. Tibia ash content at day 4 and 8 was impaired when the L diet was fed from 0 to 4 and 5 to 8 d, respectively (P = 0⋅038 and P = 0⋅005). Whatever the early restriction period or length between 0 and 8 d of age, the mineralisation delay was compensated by day 18. This was accompanied by an increased mRNA expression of the Ca transporter, CALB1, and an increased apparent ileal digestibility of Ca at day 8 (P < 0⋅001). This adaptation was limited to the starter phase in restricted birds. No effect was seen on P transporters mRNA or protein expression. In conclusion, birds adapted to mineral restriction by increasing Ca and nPP utilisation efficiencies. Depletion−repletion strategies are promising in improving the sustainability of broiler production but need to be validated in phytase-supplemented diets.
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Proszkowiec-Weglarz M, Schreier LL, Miska KB, Angel R, Kahl S, Russell B. Effect of early neonatal development and delayed feeding post-hatch on jejunal and ileal calcium and phosphorus transporter genes expression in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1861-1871. [PMID: 30508138 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are essential minerals involved in many biological processes including bone development and mineralization. Plasma concentration of both minerals is tightly regulated, and Ca and P homeostasis is maintained via intestinal absorption, bone storage and exchange, and renal reabsorption. In the current broiler production systems, chicks are deprived of food and water for up to 72 h due to uneven hatching, hatchery procedures, and transportation time to farms. Post-hatch (PH) feed delay results in lower body and organ weight, higher feed conversion ratio and mortality, and delayed PH growth and GIT development. Little is known about the effects of early neonatal development and delayed or immediate feeding PH on Ca and P transporters. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize expression patterns of Ca and P transporter genes in small intestine during the first 2 wk PH in chickens fed immediately after hatch (FED) or subjected to 48 h delayed feeding (NOTFED). Expression of all Ca and P transporters in jejunum and ileum was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by age. Among Ca transporter genes, only mRNA expression of Calbidin D28k in jejunum and Ca sensing receptor (CaSR) in ileum were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by delay in feed access. For P transporter genes' expression, only P transporter type III (PIT1) mRNA was significantly affected by age, delay in feed access, and their interaction (P < 0.05). In summary, we have shown, for the first time, early developmental changes of Ca and P transporter genes in broiler chickens. Results suggest that an increase in gene expression of some of the transporters corresponds with the switch from yolk to high starch diet. Overall, our results can be helpful in better understanding of Ca and P homeostasis in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Lori L Schreier
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Katarzyna B Miska
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Roselina Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Stanislaw Kahl
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Beverly Russell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Horvat-Gordon M, Hadley JA, Ghanem K, Leach RM. Lack of a relationship between plasma fibroblast growth factor-23 and phosphate utilization in young chicks. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1762-1765. [PMID: 30407587 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is proposed to be the hormone that controls phosphate (P) homeostasis in chickens. This study was initiated to investigate the effect of feeding young chicks diets that were either adequate (0.45%) or marginal (0.25%) in available P content on plasma FGF-23 levels. The dietary level of available P significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected bone mineralization and bone length, but was without effect (P > 0.05) on growth rate and circulating FGF-23 concentrations. Substantial individual variation in bone mineralization and plasma FGF-23 levels was observed, and the correlation between these two variables was non-significant (P > 0.05). This suggested that there was no alteration in FGF-23 activity in response to suboptimal dietary P intake. The relationship of these observations to studies on the immunosuppression of FGF-23 activity is subsequentlydiscussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Horvat-Gordon
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jill A Hadley
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kahina Ghanem
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Roland M Leach
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Han J, Zhang J, Zhang N, Yang X, Qu H, Guo Y, Shi C, Yan Y. Age, phosphorus, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol regulate mRNA expression of vitamin D receptor and sodium-phosphate cotransporter in the small intestine of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1199-1208. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Miao Z, Zhang G, Zhang J, Li J, Yang Y. Effect of early dietary energy restriction and phosphorus level on subsequent growth performance, intestinal phosphate transport, and AMPK activity in young broilers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186828. [PMID: 29240752 PMCID: PMC5730151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effect of low dietary energy on intestinal phosphate transport and the possible underlying mechanism to explain the long-term effects of early dietary energy restriction and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). A 2 × 3 factorial experiment, consisting of 2 energy levels and 3 NPP levels, was conducted. Broiler growth performance, intestinal morphology in 0–21 days and 22–35 days, type IIb sodium-phosphate co-transporter (NaPi-IIb) mRNA expression, adenylate purine concentrations in the duodenum, and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK-α) activity in 0–21 days were determined. The following results were obtained. (1) Low dietary energy (LE) induced a high feed conversion ratio (FCR) and significantly decreased body weight gain in young broilers, but LE induced significantly higher compensatory growth in low NPP (LP) groups than in the high or medium NPP groups (HP and MP). (2) LE decreased the villus height (VH) in the intestine, and LE-HP resulted in the lowest crypt depth (CD) and the highest VH:CD ratio in the initial phase. However, in the later period, the LE-LP group showed an increased VH:CD ratio and decreased CD in the intestine. (3) LE increased ATP synthesis and decreased AMP:ATP ratio in the duodenal mucosa of chickens in 0–21 days, and LP diet increased ATP synthesis and adenylate energy charges but decreased AMP production and AMP:ATP ratio. (4) LE led to weaker AMPK phosphorylation, higher mTOR phosphorylation, and higher NaPi-IIb mRNA expression. Thus, LE and LP in the early growth phase had significant compensatory and interactive effect on later growth and intestinal development in broilers. The effect might be relevant to energy status that LE leads to weaker AMPK phosphorylation, causing a lower inhibitory action toward mTOR phosphorylation. This series of events stimulates NaPi-IIb mRNA expression. Our findings provide a theoretical basis and a new perspective on intestinal phosphate transport regulation, with potential applications in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Miao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Guixian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Junzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (JHL)
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (JHL)
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Miao Z, Feng Y, Zhang J, Tian W, Li J, Yang Y. Regulation of phosphate transport and AMPK signal pathway by lower dietary phosphorus of broilers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107825-107832. [PMID: 29296204 PMCID: PMC5746106 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower available P (aP) was used as a base value in nutritional strategies for mitigating P pollution by animal excreta. We hypothesized that the mechanism regulating phosphate transport under low dietary P might be related with the AMPK signal pathway. A total of 144 one-day-old Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly allocated to control (HP) or trial (LP) diets, containing 0.45 and 0.23% aP, respectively. Growth performance, blood, intestinal, and renal samples were tested in 21-day-old broilers. Results shown that LP decreased body weight gain and feed intake. Higher serum Ca and fructose, but lower serum P and insulin were detected in LP-fed broilers. NaPi-IIb mRNA expression in intestine and NaPi-IIa mRNA expression in kidney were higher in the LP group. AMP: ATP, p-AMPK: total AMPK, and p-ACC: total ACC ratios in the duodenal mucosa were decreased in the LP group, whereas the p-mTOR: total mTOR ratio increased. These findings suggested that the increase in phosphate transport owing to LP diet might be regulated either directly by higher mTOR activity or indirectly by the suppressive AMPK signal, with corresponding changes in blood insulin and fructose content. A novel viewpoint on the regulatory mechanism underlying phosphate transport under low dietary P conditions was revealed, which might provide theoretical guidelines for reducing P pollution by means of nutritional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Miao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yan Feng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Junzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wenxia Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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