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Potter BI, Thijssen M, Trovão NS, Pineda-Peña A, Reynders M, Mina T, Alvarez C, Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Nevens F, Maes P, Lemey P, Van Ranst M, Baele G, Pourkarim MR. Contemporary and historical human migration patterns shape hepatitis B virus diversity. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae009. [PMID: 38361827 PMCID: PMC10868554 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for approximately 296 million chronic cases of hepatitis B, and roughly 880,000 deaths annually. The global burden of HBV is distributed unevenly, largely owing to the heterogeneous geographic distribution of its subtypes, each of which demonstrates different severity and responsiveness to antiviral therapy. It is therefore crucial to the global public health response to HBV that the spatiotemporal spread of each genotype is well characterized. In this study, we describe a collection of 133 newly sequenced HBV strains from recent African immigrants upon their arrival in Belgium. We incorporate these sequences-all of which we determine to come from genotypes A, D, and E-into a large-scale phylogeographic study with genomes sampled across the globe. We focus on investigating the spatio-temporal processes shaping the evolutionary history of the three genotypes we observe. We incorporate several recently published ancient HBV genomes for genotypes A and D to aid our analysis. We show that different spatio-temporal processes underlie the A, D, and E genotypes with the former two having originated in southeastern Asia, after which they spread across the world. The HBV E genotype is estimated to have originated in Africa, after which it spread to Europe and the Americas. Our results highlight the use of phylogeographic reconstruction as a tool to understand the recent spatiotemporal dynamics of HBV, and highlight the importance of supporting vulnerable populations in accordance with the needs presented by specific HBV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barney I Potter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Marijn Thijssen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Nídia Sequeira Trovão
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Andrea Pineda-Peña
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Portugal Rua da Junqueira No 100, Lisbon 1349-008, Portugal
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundacion Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC); Faculty of Animal Science, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A.), Avenida 50 No. 26-20, Bogota 0609, Colombia
| | - Marijke Reynders
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, Bruges B-8000, Belgium
| | - Thomas Mina
- Nonis Lab Microbiology—Virology Unit, Gregori Afxentiou 5, Limassol 4003, Cyprus
| | - Carolina Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Samad Amini-Bavil-Olyaee
- Cellular Sciences Department, Process Virology, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
- Health Policy Research Centre, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
- Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion, Hemmat Exp.Way, Tehran 14665-1157, Iran
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Lazarevic I, Banko A, Miljanovic D, Cupic M. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Isoforms: Their Clinical Implications, Utilisation in Diagnosis, Prevention and New Antiviral Strategies. Pathogens 2024; 13:46. [PMID: 38251353 PMCID: PMC10818932 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a multifunctional glycoprotein composed of large (LHB), middle (MHB), and small (SHB) subunits. HBsAg isoforms have numerous biological functions during HBV infection-from initial and specific viral attachment to the hepatocytes to initiating chronic infection with their immunomodulatory properties. The genetic variability of HBsAg isoforms may play a role in several HBV-related liver phases and clinical manifestations, from occult hepatitis and viral reactivation upon immunosuppression to fulminant hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their immunogenic properties make them a major target for developing HBV vaccines, and in recent years they have been recognised as valuable targets for new therapeutic approaches. Initial research has already shown promising results in utilising HBsAg isoforms instead of quantitative HBsAg for correctly evaluating chronic infection phases and predicting functional cures. The ratio between surface components was shown to indicate specific outcomes of HBV and HDV infections. Thus, besides traditional HBsAg detection and quantitation, HBsAg isoform quantitation can become a useful non-invasive biomarker for assessing chronically infected patients. This review summarises the current knowledge of HBsAg isoforms, their potential usefulness and aspects deserving further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lazarevic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.B.); (D.M.); (M.C.)
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The Investigation of HBV Pre-S/S Gene Mutations in Occult HBV Infected Blood Donors with anti-HBs Positive. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:1874435. [PMID: 35903154 PMCID: PMC9325327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1874435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The coexistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) in occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is a contradictory phenomenon, and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The characteristics of pre-S/S mutations in OBI genotypes B and C (OBIB and OBIC) in the presence or absence of anti-HBs were analyzed extensively in this study. Methodology. The amino acid substitutions of envelope proteins of 21 OBI strains, including 4 HBs (+) OBIB, 6 HBs (−) OBIB, 6 HBs (+) OBIc, and 5 HBs (−) OBIC samples, were analyzed and fully compared among groups of HBV genotypes and the presence of anti-HBs. Results The mutation rates in pre-S1, pre-S2, and S proteins of OBIC were significantly higher than wild-type HBV (wt-HBV) genotype C strains, but only the mutation rate of S protein in OBIB was significantly higher compared to wild-type HBV genotype B. The mutation rates in S protein of anti-HBs (−) OBI were higher than anti-HBs(+) OBI samples (4.40% vs. 2.43% in genotype B, P > 0.05; 6.81% vs. 3.47% in genotype C, P < 0.05). For these high-frequency substitutions in the pre-S/S region, the mutations sN40S and sK122R were found in 27.3% and 45.5% of anti-HBs (−) OBI strains, respectively. 7 substitutions were uniquely found in OBIC strains and 9 substitutions were commonly detected in OBIB and OBIC strains. Conclusions These results suggested that the mutations might occur randomly and were not selected by antibody pressure.
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Pourkarim M, Nayebzadeh S, Alavian SM, Hataminasab SH. Digital Marketing: A Unique Multidisciplinary Approach towards the Elimination of Viral Hepatitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:626. [PMID: 35745480 PMCID: PMC9228079 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies are supported by the global implementation of the internet. These improvements have deeply affected various disciplines of sciences and consequently changed services such as daily business, particularly health sectors. Innovative digital marketing strategies utilize the channels of social media and retrieved user data to analyze and improve relevant services. These multidisciplinary innovations can assist specialists, physicians and researchers in diagnostic, prophylaxis and treatment issues in the health sector. Accordingly, compared to recent decades, health decision makers are more accurate and trustful in defining new strategies. Interestingly, using social media and mobile health apps in current pandemics of SARS-CoV-2 could be an important instance of the key role of these platforms at the local and global level of health policies. These digital technologies provide platforms to connect public health sectors and health politicians for communicating and spreading relevant information. Adding influencers and campaigns to this toolbox strengthens the implementation of public health programs. In 2016, the WHO adopted a global program to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Recent constructive measures that have been used in the battle against COVID-19 could be adopted for the elimination of viral hepatitis program. The presented evidence in our narrative review demonstrates that the application of digital marketing tools to create campaigns on social media, armed with professional influencers, can efficiently consolidate this program. The application of different strategies in using these popular tools will raise the public awareness about viral hepatitis. Subsequently, the availability of an effective vaccine for HBV and antiviral medication for HCV can motivate the audience to take steps towards prophylaxis and screening methods against these infectious illnesses. The encouragement of health policy makers to apply digital communication technologies and comprehensive roadmaps to implement this global program will certainly decrease the burden of viral hepatitis worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Pourkarim
- Department of Management, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd P.O. Box 89195/155, Iran; (M.P.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Shahnaz Nayebzadeh
- Department of Management, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd P.O. Box 89195/155, Iran; (M.P.); (S.H.H.)
| | | | - Seyyed Hassan Hataminasab
- Department of Management, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd P.O. Box 89195/155, Iran; (M.P.); (S.H.H.)
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5
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Trovão NS, Thijssen M, Vrancken B, Pineda-Peña AC, Mina T, Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Lemey P, Baele G, Pourkarim MR. Reconstruction of the Origin and Dispersal of the Worldwide Dominant Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotype D1. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac028. [PMID: 35712523 PMCID: PMC9194798 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV-D1 is the dominant subgenotype in the Mediterranean basin, Eastern Europe, and Asia. However, little is currently known about its evolutionary history and spatio-temporal dynamics. We use Bayesian phylodynamic inference to investigate the temporal history of HBV-D1, for which we calibrate the molecular clock using ancient sequences, and reconstruct the viral global spatial dynamics based, for the first time, on full-length publicly available HBV-D1 genomes from a wide range of sampling dates. We pinpoint the origin of HBV subgenotype D1 before the current era (BCE) in Turkey/Anatolia. The spatial reconstructions reveal global viral transmission with a high degree of mixing. By combining modern-day and ancient sequences, we ensure sufficient temporal signal in HBV-D1 data to enable Bayesian phylodynamic inference using a molecular clock for time calibration. Our results shed light on the worldwide HBV-D1 epidemics and suggest that this originally Middle Eastern virus significantly affects more distant countries, such as those in mainland Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nídia Sequeira Trovão
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijn Thijssen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Vrancken
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea-Clemencia Pineda-Peña
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal Rua da Junqueira No 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC); Faculty of Animal Science, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Avenida 50 No. 26-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Thomas Mina
- Mina Clinical Laboratory, Gregori Afxentiou, Iocasti Court Block A, Flat 22 Mesa Yitonia, 4003 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Samad Amini-Bavil-Olyaee
- Biosafety Development Group, Cellular Sciences Department, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Hemmat Exp. Way, 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Athamneh RY, Arıkan A, Sayan M, Mahafzah A, Sallam M. Variable Proportions of Phylogenetic Clustering and Low Levels of Antiviral Drug Resistance among the Major HBV Sub-Genotypes in the Middle East and North Africa. Pathogens 2021; 10:1333. [PMID: 34684283 PMCID: PMC8540944 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health threat in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Phylogenetic analysis of HBV can be helpful to study the putative transmission links and patterns of inter-country spread of the virus. The objectives of the current study were to analyze the HBV genotype/sub-genotype (SGT) distribution, reverse transcriptase (RT), and surface (S) gene mutations and to investigate the domestic transmission of HBV in the MENA. All HBV molecular sequences collected in the MENA were retrieved from GenBank as of 30 April 2021. Determination of genotypes/SGT, RT, and S mutations were based on the Geno2pheno (hbv) 2.0 online tool. For the most prevalent HBV SGTs, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis was conducted to identify the putative phylogenetic clusters, with approximate Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like likelihood ratio test values ≥ 0.90, and genetic distance cut-off values ≤ 0.025 substitutions/site as implemented in Cluster Picker. The total number of HBV sequences used for genotype/SGT determination was 4352 that represented a total of 20 MENA countries, with a majority from Iran (n = 2103, 48.3%), Saudi Arabia (n = 503, 11.6%), Tunisia (n = 395, 9.1%), and Turkey (n = 267, 6.1%). Genotype D dominated infections in the MENA (86.6%), followed by genotype A (4.1%), with SGT D1 as the most common in 14 MENA countries and SGT D7 dominance in the Maghreb. The highest prevalence of antiviral drug resistance was observed against lamivudine (4.5%) and telbivudine (4.3%). The proportion of domestic phylogenetic clustering was the highest for SGT D7 (61.9%), followed by SGT D2 (28.2%) and genotype E (25.7%). The largest fraction of domestic clusters with evidence of inter-country spread within the MENA was seen in SGT D7 (81.3%). Small networks (containing 3-14 sequences) dominated among domestic phylogenetic clusters. Specific patterns of HBV genetic diversity were seen in the MENA with SGT D1 dominance in the Levant, Iran, and Turkey; SGT D7 dominance in the Maghreb; and extensive diversity in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. A low prevalence of lamivudine, telbivudine, and entecavir drug resistance was observed in the region, with almost an absence of resistance to tenofovir and adefovir. Variable proportions of phylogenetic clustering indicated prominent domestic transmission of SGT D7 (particularly in the Maghreb) and relatively high levels of virus mobility in SGT D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabaa Y. Athamneh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ayşe Arıkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.)
- DESAM, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
| | - Murat Sayan
- DESAM, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
- Clinical Laboratory, PCR Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, İzmit 41380, Turkey
| | - Azmi Mahafzah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Malmö, Sweden
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7
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Mak LY, Seto WK, Yuen MF. Novel Antivirals in Clinical Development for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:1169. [PMID: 34207458 PMCID: PMC8235765 DOI: 10.3390/v13061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is one of the leading causes of liver failure, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Existing antiviral therapy can suppress viral replication but not fully eradicate the virus nor the risk of liver-related complications. Novel treatments targeting alternative steps of the viral cycle or to intensify/restore the host's immunity are being developed. We discuss novel drugs that have already entered clinical phases of development. Agents that interfere with specific steps of HBV replication include RNA interference, core protein allosteric modulation, and inhibition of viral entry or viral protein excretion (NAPs and STOPS). Agents that target the host's immunity include toll-like receptor agonists, therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint modulators, soluble T-cell receptors, and monoclonal antibodies. Most have demonstrated favorable results in suppression of viral proteins and genomic materials (i.e., HBV DNA and/or pre-genomic RNA), and/or evidence on host-immunity restoration including cytokine responses and T-cell activation. Given the abundant clinical experience and real-world safety data with the currently existing therapy, any novel agent for CHB should be accompanied by convincing safety data. Combination therapy of nucleos(t)ide analogue, a novel virus-directing agent, and/or an immunomodulatory agent will be the likely approach to optimize the chance of a functional cure in CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road 102, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road 102, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road 102, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Sun H, Chang L, Yan Y, Wang L. Hepatitis B virus pre-S region: Clinical implications and applications. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31. [PMID: 33314434 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major threat to global public health, which can result in many acute and chronic liver diseases. HBV, a member of the family Hepadnaviridae, is a small enveloped DNA virus containing a circular genome of 3.2 kb. Located upstream of the S-open-reading frame of the HBV genome is the pre-S region, which is vital to the viral life cycle. The pre-S region has high variability and many mutations in the pre-S region are associated with several liver diseases, such as fulminant hepatitis (FH), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, the pre-S region has been applied in the development of several pre-S-based materials and systems to prevent or treat HBV infection. In conclusion, the pre-S region plays an essential role in the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of HBV-related liver diseases, which may provide a novel perspective for the study of HBV infection and relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Sun
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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9
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Lazarevic I, Banko A, Miljanovic D, Cupic M. Biological features of hepatitis B virus strains associated with fulminant hepatitis. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that hepatitis B virus (HBV) biological features may influence the course and clinical manifestations of infection and possibly the development of fulminant hepatitis (FH). Since HBV is not a cytocidal virus, virus-induced liver damage results from an interplay between the virus replication and the host's defense. Therefore, viral factors contributing to enhanced replication, induction of a stronger immune attack or apoptosis of hepatocytes could be crucial in development of FH. Numerous mutations in basal core promoter, pre-C, C and S regions of the HBV genome contribute to development of FH by different mechanisms, including enhanced viral replication, the loss of a decoy for immune response, unbalanced expression of viral proteins and retention of unprocessed cytotoxic proteins in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lazarevic
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Banko
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Miljanovic
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Cupic
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Takahashi H, Kanda T, Matsumoto N, Shibata T, Nirei K, Tamura A, Matsuoka S, Kuroda K, Moriyama M. Analysis of full-length hepatitis B virus genome from chronic hepatitis B-patients with higher alanine aminotransferase elevation. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background & aim: Higher elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) occasionally leads to severe outcomes in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. Our aim is to investigate the HBV sequence mutations associated with higher ALT elevation. Materials & methods: We analyzed full-length HBV sequences from patients with or without higher ALT elevation. Results: Nucleotide mutations in precore and core regions, which are associated with severe hepatitis B, were found in two HBV-infected patients with higher ALT elevation. Amino acid mutations within the pre-S1, pre-S2 and S regions were also found in a patient with HBV virologic breakthrough during the use of nucleoside analogs. Conclusion: It may be useful for HBV-infected patients with higher ALT elevation to analyze full-length HBV genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazushige Nirei
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Akinori Tamura
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kuroda
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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11
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Thijssen M, Lemey P, Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Dellicour S, Alavian SM, Tacke F, Verslype C, Nevens F, Pourkarim MR. Mass migration to Europe: an opportunity for elimination of hepatitis B virus? Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 4:315-323. [PMID: 30860067 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
People from low-to-middle income countries have been migrating to western Europe on a large scale in recent years. Data indicate that the number of first-time asylum applications by non-EU members increased from 290 000 in 2011 to more than 1·3 million in 2015. During the peak period of migration, The Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis was adopted by WHO. Viral hepatitis, and particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV), is an important disease because of its high prevalence and associated mortality. In some cases, HBV can be carried by refugees arriving from regions of high and intermediate prevalence. Refugees with HBV might not show clinical symptoms and not be diagnosed in destination countries with a low prevalence, where screening is not regularly done. Although transmission to the host population is low, dedicated surveillance and tailored public health policies are required. It is important to note that some of the countries that receive many migrants do not have a universal HBV vaccination programme. In this Viewpoint, we argue that the current large-scale movement from regions with high or intermediate HBV prevalence should be taken as an opportunity to achieve viral hepatitis elimination targets, by establishing a well prepared infrastructure for HBV screening, vaccination, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Thijssen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Computational Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Simon Dellicour
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Computational Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule-University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chris Verslype
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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12
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Novel hepatitis B virus subgenotype A8 and quasi-subgenotype D12 in African-Belgian chronic carriers. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 93:98-101. [PMID: 32004688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a public health threatening virus and is classified into more than eight genotypes and more than forty subgenotypes. OBJECTIVES To characterize and propose novel strains assigned as A8 and D12. METHODS Four out of 133 HBV complete genome sequences, isolated from Belgian chronic carriers with African origin were phylogenetically analyzed. RESULTS Phylogenetic analyses of HBV genotypes A and D strains exhibited separate clusters supported by significant bootstrap values. The two genotype A strains isolated from Congolese patients, and two genotype D strains isolated from Ghanaian carriers clustered separately from the other known subgenotypes A (A1-A6 and quasi-subgenotypes) and subgenotypes D (D1-D11). The mean inter-subgenotypic nucleotide divergence over the full-length genome sequence between the novel strains (A8 and D12) and A1-A7 and D1-D11 subgenotypes was higher than 4%. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length HBV genome sequences revealed a novel subgenotype and quasi-subgenotype based on the nucleotide divergence and identification of novel amino acids motifs in different ORFs. We identified two strains of the novel subgenotype A8 and two strains of the novel quasi-subgenotype D12. Notably, the analysis demonstrated that the subgenotype A8 strains are a basal lineage that diverged before the other African subgenotypes A.
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13
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Trinks J, Marciano S, Esposito I, Franco A, Mascardi MF, Mendizabal M, Livellara B, Arrigo D, Calzetta P, Vujacich C, Giunta D, Gadano A, Flichman D. The genetic variability of hepatitis B virus subgenotype F1b precore/core gene is related to the outcome of the acute infection. Virus Res 2019; 277:197840. [PMID: 31846615 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association of viral and host genetic variability with the outcome of acute infection with hepatitis B virus subgenotype F1b (HBV/F1b). METHODS The cohort consisted of 26 patients with acute HBV/F1b infection who exhibit different outcomes: spontaneous resolution (n = 10), progression to chronic hepatitis (n = 10) and acute liver failure (n = 6). HLA SNPs (rs3077, rs9277542, rs2856718 and rs7453920) were determined. The S gene and core promoter/precore/core region were direct sequenced, and this latter region was also ultra-deep sequenced. Mean number of mutations, mutation rate, Shannon entropy, positive selection sites and mutational patterns of quasispecies were compared between groups. RESULTS HLA SNPs were associated with spontaneous resolution or progression to chronic hepatitis, but not with the development of acute liver failure. The mean number of mutations in the S gene was similar among the three groups. Patients with spontaneous resolution had the lowest number of mutations, mutation rates and Shannon entropy values in the precore/core compared to the other two groups. Ten positive selection sites mapped on HLA-restricted epitopes were related to progression to chronic hepatitis and acute liver failure. Mutations T1753C, A1762T, G1764A, C1766T, T1768A G1896A, G2092T and T2107C were associated with acute liver failure and progression to chronic hepatitis. CONCLUSION Highly heterogeneous and complex HBV precore/core carrying specific point mutations, combined with the host HLA background, were associated with a worse clinical outcome of acute HBV/F1b infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Trinks
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián Marciano
- Sección de Hepatología, Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabella Esposito
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Mascardi
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Mendizabal
- Unidad de Hígado y Trasplante Hepático, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Livellara
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Arrigo
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Calzetta
- División de Gastroenterología, Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Vujacich
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Infectológicos (FUNCEI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Giunta
- Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Área de Investigación de Medicina Interna, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Gadano
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI) - Hospital Italiano (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Sección de Hepatología, Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Flichman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Al-Qahtani AA, Pourkarim MR, Trovão NS, Vergote V, Li G, Thijssen M, Abdo AA, Sanai FM, Dela Cruz D, Bohol MFF, Al-Anazi MR, Al-Ahdal MN. Molecular epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis and genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus in Saudi Arabia: Predominance of genotype D1. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 77:104051. [PMID: 31634640 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the implementation of various vaccination programs, hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a considerable health problem in Saudi Arabia. Insight on HBV evolutionary history in the region is limited. We performed a comprehensive epidemiological and phylogenetic reconstruction based on a large cohort of HBV infected patients. Three hundred and nineteen HBV-infected patients with different clinical manifestations, including inactive and active chronic carriers and patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), were enrolled in this study. The full-length large S gene was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the genotype and subgenotypes of the isolates. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that genotype D is the most dominant genotype among patients. Moreover, this analysis identified two strains with genotype E isolated from active carriers. Detailed phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of four HBV D subgenotypes, D1 (93%, n = 296), D2 (0.02%, n = 5), D3 (0.003%, n = 1), and D4 (0.003%, n = 1). In addition, six genotype D strains were not assigned to any existing HBV D subgenotype. The large S gene of eight strains showed signatures of genotype recombination between the genotypes D and A and between D and E. Several strains harbored medically important point mutations at the protein level. Along with the dominance of the HBV genotype D, isolation of the E genotype and several recombinant strains from patients with Saudi Arabian origin is an essential result for decisions involving therapeutic measures for patients. Development of vaccines and detection of diagnostic escape mutations at antigenic epitopes on the HBsAg will be valuable to public health authorities. Furthermore, the diversity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels and different proportions of dN/dS at the PreS1, PreS2, and HBsAg reveal the selective pressure trend from inactive status towards advanced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nídia Sequeira Trovão
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentijn Vergote
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guangdi Li
- Department of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Marijn Thijssen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ayman A Abdo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M Sanai
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damian Dela Cruz
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marie Fe F Bohol
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael R Al-Anazi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Sato N, Watanabe S, Miura K, Goka R, Morimoto N, Takaoka Y, Nomoto H, Tsukui M, Isoda N, Nagashima S, Takahashi M, Okamoto H, Yamamoto H. Acute Liver Failure Caused by the Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus from the Spouse after 38 Years of Marriage. Intern Med 2019; 58:2963-2968. [PMID: 31243227 PMCID: PMC6859391 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3028-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 65-year-old man presented with acute liver failure and grade IV coma caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in 2017. The patient died on day 12 from the disease onset. The HBV isolated from the patient was genotype/subgenotype B/B1 and had multiple genomic mutations. The patient's wife was hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive when she delivered her first daughter in 1979. The HBV isolates of the patient and the wife shared 100% similarity over the entire genome. Because the patient's HBsAg value had been negative one year earlier, we considered the source of HBV transmission to be his wife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Shunji Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Kouichi Miura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Rie Goka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Takaoka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nomoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Mamiko Tsukui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Norio Isoda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nagashima
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
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16
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Persons with Intellectual Disability: A Potential Reservoir of Invasive Strains of Hepatitis B Virus. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.85661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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17
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Liu W, Guo TF, Jing ZT, Tong QY. Repression of Death Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis of Hepatocytes by Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2181-2195. [PMID: 31449776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) e antigen (HBeAg) is associated with viral persistence and pathogenesis. Resistance of HBV-infected hepatocytes to apoptosis is seen as one of the primary promotors for HBV chronicity and malignancy. Fas receptor/ligand (Fas/FasL) and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) system plays a key role in hepatic death during HBV infection. We found that HBeAg mediates resistance of hepatocytes to FasL or TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Introduction of HBeAg into human hepatocytes rendered resistance to FasL or TRAIL cytotoxicity in a p53-dependent manner. HBeAg further inhibited the expression of p53, total Fas, membrane-bound Fas, TNF receptor superfamily member 10a, and TNF receptor superfamily member 10b at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, HBeAg enhanced the expression of soluble forms of Fas through facilitation of Fas alternative mRNA splicing. In a mouse model, expression of HBeAg in mice injected with recombinant adenovirus-associated virus 8 inhibited agonistic anti-Fas antibody-induced hepatic apoptosis. Xenograft tumorigenicity assay also found that HBeAg-induced carcinogenesis was resistant to the proapoptotic effect of TRAIL and chemotherapeutic drugs. These results indicate that HBeAg may prevent hepatocytes from FasL and TRAIL-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of the proapoptotic and antiapoptotic forms of death receptors, which may contribute to the survival and persistence of infected hepatocytes during HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
| | - Teng-Fei Guo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhen-Tang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Tong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
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18
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Al-Qahtani AA, Al-Anazi MR, Nazir N, Abdo AA, Sanai FM, Al-Hamoudi WK, Alswat KA, Al-Ashgar HI, Khan MQ, Albenmousa A, El-Shamy A, Alanazi SK, Dela Cruz D, Bohol MFF, Al-Ahdal MN. The Correlation Between Hepatitis B Virus Precore/Core Mutations and the Progression of Severe Liver Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:355. [PMID: 30406036 PMCID: PMC6204459 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral mutations acquired during the course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are known to be associated with the progression and severity of HBV-related liver disease. This study of HBV-infected Saudi Arabian patients aimed to identify amino acid substitutions within the precore/core (preC/C) region of HBV, and investigate their impact on disease progression toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients were categorized according to the severity of their disease, and were divided into the following groups: inactive HBV carriers, active HBV carriers, liver cirrhosis patients, and HCC patients. Two precore mutations, W28* and G29D, and six core mutations, F24Y, E64D, E77Q, A80I/T/V, L116I, and E180A were significantly associated with the development of cirrhosis and HCC. Six of the seven significant core mutations that were identified in this study were located within immuno-active epitopes; E77Q, A80I/T/V, and L116I were located within B-cell epitopes, and F24Y, E64D, and V91S/T were located within T-cell epitopes. Multivariate risk analysis confirmed that the core mutations A80V and L116I were both independent predictors of HBV-associated liver disease progression. In conclusion, our data show that mutations within the preC/C region, particularly within the immuno-active epitopes, may contribute to the severity of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis. Furthermore, we have identified several distinct preC/C mutations within the study population that affect the clinical manifestation and progression of HBV-related disease. The specific identity of HBV mutations that are associated with severe disease varies between different ethnic populations, and so the specific preC/C mutations identified here will be useful for predicting clinical outcomes and identifying the HBV-infected patients within the Saudi population that are at high risk of developing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael R Al-Anazi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nyla Nazir
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Abdo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M Sanai
- Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed K Al-Hamoudi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alswat
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad I Al-Ashgar
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Q Khan
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Albenmousa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed El-Shamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Salah K Alanazi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damian Dela Cruz
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marie Fe F Bohol
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Jing ZT, Liu W, Wu SX, He Y, Lin YT, Chen WN, Lin XJ, Lin X. Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Enhances the Sensitivity of Hepatocytes to Fas-Mediated Apoptosis via Suppression of AKT Phosphorylation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2303-2314. [PMID: 30171166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Fas receptor/ligand system plays a prominent role in hepatic apoptosis and hepatocyte death. Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface Ag (HBsAg) is the most abundant HBV protein in the liver and peripheral blood of patients with chronic HBV infection, its role in Fas-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis has not been disclosed. In this study, we report that HBsAg sensitizes HepG2 cells to agonistic anti-Fas Ab CH11-induced apoptosis through increasing the formation of SDS-stable Fas aggregation and procaspase-8 cleavage but decreasing both the expression of cellular FLIPL/S and the recruitment of FLIPL/S at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Notably, HBsAg increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and consequently reduced AKT phosphorylation by deactivation of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), leading to enhancement of Fas-mediated apoptosis. In a mouse model, expression of HBsAg in mice injected with recombinant adenovirus-associated virus 8 aggravated Jo2-induced acute liver failure, which could be effectively attenuated by the AKT activator SC79. Based on these results, it is concluded that HBsAg predisposes hepatocytes to Fas-mediated apoptosis and mice to acute liver failure via suppression of AKT prosurviving activity, suggesting that interventions directed at enhancing the activation or functional activity of AKT may be of therapeutic value in Fas-mediated progressive liver cell injury and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Tang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Shu-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and
| | - Yun He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and
| | - Yan-Ting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and
| | - Wan-Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Xin-Jian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
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20
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Wu CC, Chen YS, Cao L, Chen XW, Lu MJ. Hepatitis B virus infection: Defective surface antigen expression and pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3488-3499. [PMID: 30131655 PMCID: PMC6102499 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i31.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health concern. HBV causes chronic infection in patients and can lead to liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other severe liver diseases. Thus, understanding HBV-related pathogenesis is of particular importance for prevention and clinical intervention. HBV surface antigens are indispensable for HBV virion formation and are useful viral markers for diagnosis and clinical assessment. During chronic HBV infection, HBV genomes may acquire and accumulate mutations and deletions, leading to the expression of defective HBV surface antigens. These defective HBV surface antigens have been found to play important roles in the progression of HBV-associated liver diseases. In this review, we focus our discussion on the nature of defective HBV surface antigen mutations and their contribution to the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis B. The relationship between defective surface antigens and occult HBV infection are also discussed.
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MESH Headings
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Disease Progression
- Genome, Viral/genetics
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/metabolism
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/immunology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/prevention & control
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/virology
- Liver Failure, Acute/immunology
- Liver Failure, Acute/pathology
- Liver Failure, Acute/prevention & control
- Liver Failure, Acute/virology
- Mutation
- Virus Replication/genetics
- Virus Replication/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Xin-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Meng-Ji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
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21
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How Adequate Social Media Management Supports the Viral Hepatitis Elimination Program. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.69791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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22
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Novel Genetic Variants of Hepatitis B Virus in Fulminant Hepatitis. J Pathog 2017; 2017:1231204. [PMID: 29410920 PMCID: PMC5749291 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1231204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fulminant hepatitis (FH) is a life-threatening liver disease characterised by intense immune attack and massive liver cell death. The common precore stop codon mutation of hepatitis B virus (HBV), A1896, is frequently associated with FH, but lacks specificity. This study attempts to uncover all possible viral nucleotides that are specifically associated with FH through a compiled sequence analysis of FH and non-FH cases from acute infection. We retrieved 67 FH and 280 acute non-FH cases of hepatitis B from GenBank and applied support vector machine (SVM) model to seek candidate nucleotides highly predictive of FH. Six best candidates with top predictive accuracy, 92.5%, were used to build a SVM model; they are C2129 (85.3%), T720 (83.0%), Y2131 (82.4%), T2013 (82.1%), K2048 (82.1%), and A2512 (82.1%). This model gave a high specificity (99.3%), positive predictive value (95.6%), and negative predictive value (92.1%), but only moderate sensitivity (64.2%). We successfully built a SVM model comprising six variants that are highly predictive and specific for FH: four in the core region and one each in the polymerase and the surface regions. These variants indicate that intracellular virion/core retention could play an important role in the progression to FH.
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23
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Mina T, Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Shirvani-Dastgerdi E, Trovão NS, Van Ranst M, Pourkarim MR. 15year fulminant hepatitis B follow-up in Belgium: Viral evolution and signature of demographic change. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 49:221-225. [PMID: 28119028 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fulminant hepatitis among different clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection is very rare and manifests high mortality rate, however it has not been investigated in Belgian inhabitants yet. In the frame of a retrospective study between 1995 and 2010, 80 serum samples (in some cases serial samples) archived in Biobank, were collected from 24 patients who had clinically developed fulminant infection of hepatitis B virus. In total, 33 hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains (31 full-length genome and 2 partial viral genes) of different HBV genotypes and subgenotypes including A2, B2, D1, D2, D3 and E, were amplified, sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. HBV isolated strains from native and exotic patients were characterized by genome variations associated with viral invasiveness. Although several mutations at nucleotide and protein levels were detected, evolutionary analyses revealed a negative selective pressure over the viral genomes. This study revealed influence of immigration through a steady change in the viral epidemiological profile of the Belgian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mina
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Nonis Mina Clinical Laboratory, 5 Gregori Afxentiou, Iocasti Court Block A, Flat 22 Mesa Yitonia, 4003 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Samad Amini-Bavil-Olyaee
- Biosafety Development Group, Cellular Sciences Department, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Elham Shirvani-Dastgerdi
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nídia Sequeira Trovão
- KU Lreuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory Evolutionary and Computational Virology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Hemmat Exp. Way, 14665-1157 Tehran, Iran.
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