1
|
Camara M, Tantuoyir MM, SeyedAlinaghi S, Ghiasvand F, Ahmadinejad Z. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the Gambian population: A narrative review of recent developments. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102401. [PMID: 37719791 PMCID: PMC10500481 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a "silent epidemic", fifty to a hundred (50-100) times more infectious than HIV, a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV can cause acute and chronic infection and subsequently results in a high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, HBV continues to be a global burden including in The Gambia. This study reviewed the recent trends in the epidemiological characteristics of HBV in the Gambia. The researchers conducted an online literature search for primary studies on HBV prevalence published in the past two decades from Jan 1992 to Feb 2022 inclusive on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. All retrieved studies were assessed for eligibility according to specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, data completeness, and methodological coherence. We found that HBV infection prevalence is above 8% in The Gambia. Moreover, HBV is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Gambia. Liver cirrhosis and HCC have the highest mortality contribution among hepatitis patients, with occult HBV carriers as major culprits. Also, vaccination coverage has declined from 91% to 88% according to reports from current literature. To achieve the WHO goal of eliminating HBV by 2030, policies targeting infection transmission control among risk groups, community awareness programs, research, price reduction of drugs, mass vaccinations, and diagnostics should be urgently instituted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Camara
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, the Gambia
| | - Marcarious M. Tantuoyir
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ghiasvand
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadinejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Soleimanpour S, Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Farshchian M, Rezaee SA, Mosavat A. Rate of occult hepatitis B virus infection among individuals with tuberculosis in northeastern Iran: A molecular epidemiological study. J Virus Erad 2023; 9:100333. [PMID: 37408699 PMCID: PMC10319180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2023.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One third of the world population has a history of exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and two billion people are infected with latent tuberculosis (TB). Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of replicative-competent HBV DNA in the liver with detectable or undetectable HBV DNA in the serum of individuals testing negative for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). Screening with HBV DNA could identify OBI and significantly reduce carriers and complications of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aims to assess HBV serological markers and OBI molecular diagnosis among people with TB in Mashhad, northeastern Iran. We have performed HBV serological markers (HBsAg, HBc antibodies (Ab) and HBs Ab) in 175 participants. Fourteen HBsAg+ sera were excluded for further analysis. The presence of HBV DNA (C, S, and X gene regions) was assessed by the qualitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method. Frequencies of HBsAg, HBc, and HBs Ab were 8% (14/175), 36.6% (64/175), and 49.1% (86/175), respectively. Among these 42.9% (69/161) were negative for all HBV serological markers. The S, C, and X gene regions were positive in 10.3% (16/156), 15.4% (24/156), and 22.4% (35/156) of participants, respectively. The total OBI frequency was estimated at 33.3% (52/156) when based on detecting one HBV genomic region. Twenty-two and 30 participants had a seronegative and seropositive OBI, respectively. Thorough screening of high-risk groups with reliable and sensitive molecular methods could lead to OBI identification and decrease CHB long-term complications. Mass immunization remains critical in preventing, reducing, and potentially eliminating HBV complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Farshchian
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Farajzadeh H. Hepatitis B infection among β-thalassemia major patients in Bushehr province of southern Iran. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2023; 44:147-161. [PMID: 36587831 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2163178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among β-thalassemia patients. ELISA was used to detect HBsAg and HBcAb. Molecular evaluation of HBV infection was performed by nested PCR, targeting S, X and pre-C regions of the genome, and sequencing. Of 126 thalassemia patients, 4 cases (3.17%) were positive for HBsAg, 23 cases (18.25%) were positive for HBcAb, and 6 cases (4.76%) had HBV viremia with genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. HBV prevalence among thalassemia patients was not statistically associated with gender distribution, place of residency, marital status and frequency of blood transfusion. HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly higher in Afghan immigrants and patients with ALT levels of 41-80 IU/L. The prevalence of HBV viremia was significantly higher among thalassemia patients aged >20 years compared to the patients aged <20 years. Moreover, 1.59% of thalassemia patients had seropositive occult HBV infection, which was positive for HBV-DNA and HBcAb but negative for HBsAg. Considering the relatively high prevalence of occult HBV infection among thalassemia patients, there is a possibility of their contamination through donated blood. Therefore, screening of donated blood based on detection of HBsAg cannot abolish HBV transmission through blood transfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hossein Farajzadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Occult hepatitis B in kidney transplants recipients and donors from Western Mexico. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 91:17-21. [PMID: 31669141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum and/or liver from HBsAg-negative subjects. Our aim was to determine OBI frequency in serum and genomic DNA in patients undergoing renal transplant and their cognate donors in a selected population from Western Mexico. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 94 donors and their cognate recipients (188 participants) before kidney transplantation. Identification of HBV DNA was carried-out by nested (S-region) and semi-nested (Pol-region) PCR in both genomic and serum DNA samples from 188 participants at pre-surgical stage and from a subset of 73 recipients at three-month follow-up. RESULTS HBV-DNA was not detected in either genomic or serum DNA samples from recipients or donors prior to transplantation. After three-months of follow-up, 2 out of 73 (2.7%, 95% CI: 0.9-11.9%) recipients were positive to HBV-DNA (Pol-region) in genomic DNA samples using a high sensitivity Taq DNA polymerase. CONCLUSIONS OBI incidence in recipients of kidney transplant may be higher than previously recognized. Detection of HBV-DNA was higher in genomic DNA than in serum samples using a high sensitivity Taq DNA polymerase. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding this specific topic in Mexicans.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ansari MHK, Rasmi Y, Abbasi L. Hepatitis B virus Genotypes in West Azarbayjan Province, Northwest Iran. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:875-879. [PMID: 29362612 PMCID: PMC5771288 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Infections caused by Hepatitis B are one of the world health’s most serious problems. According to assessments, nearly 500,000 to 1.2 million people die each year due to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B is one of the diseases which can be transferred through blood and its products. Clinical importance of genotypes of hepatitis B virus and their relations with mutations are well known. AIM: Since epidemiological data resulting from determining genotypes and sub-genotypes of hepatitis B can help a lot in defining a vaccination plan, antiretroviral therapy, detection and prevention of diseases, genotypes of this virus in hepatitis B patients were evaluated in West Azarbaijan province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, serum samples of 100 hepatitis B patients (70 male/30 female) were taken randomly from Urmia University of Medical Sciences (UMSU) referrals, Urmia, Iran; and were tested positive for the presence of surface antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) using ELISA method. In the first method, after extracting the DNA of the virus, sequencing of S genes was carried out using Sanger method, and the sequences were aligned and edited using Bioedit software. In the next step, phylogenic analysis of the sequences was done in comparison with the reference sequences which were extracted from a gene bank, utilising Neighbour-joining assay method with CLUSTRAL W software. To ensure genotyping accuracy, the samples were tested once more, using Nested PCR method. RESULTS: The results were consistent with the sequence method and the dominant genotype in patients suffering hepatitis was type D. In other words, Iranian’s HBV genotypic types are homogeneous and in close coordination with each other. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that D genotype is the main genotype of HBV in West Azarbayjan province, northwest Iran. Presence of this genotype was in conformity conformed withto the low rate of acute liver diseases caused by hepatitis B chronic infection, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Laya Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology, Azad Islamic University-Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Varaklioti A, Kouramba A, Ioannidou P, Katsarou O. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in Greek patients with congenital bleeding disorders. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 54:397-401. [PMID: 28705716 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Occult Hepatitis B Infection (OBI) is a form of chronic HBV infection characterized by low level HBV DNA, without detectable HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). OBI is frequently associated with the presence of anti-HBc and in some cases also with anti-HBs. Patients, who formerly received non-inactivated factor concentrates, can potentially be considered at high risk for OBI, especially since these patients usually are HIV or HCV co-infected. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of occult HBV infection in Greek patients with hereditary bleeding disorders. The study sample comprised of 114 patients from a single haemophilia center. All patients were screened for HBV serum markers and individually tested for HBV DNA using a qualitative PCR. Presence of HBV DNA was further confirmed by quantification of viral load with an ultrasensitive in-house real time PCR. 88 and 21 patients with haemophilia A and B, respectively, 4 patients with von Willebrand Disease and 1 patient with severe factor VII deficiency were screened for the presence of OBI. Anti-HBc were detected in 53 (46.5%) subjects; 18 of them were anti-HBs(-) and 35 anti-HBs(+). Anti-HBe were present in 26 subjects. Two out of 114 patients were HBsAg(+). Of the remaining 112 HBsAg(-) patients tested, two (1.8%) were found HBsAg(-), HBV DNA(+), anti-HBc(+) and anti-HBs(-) and were identified as potential OBI cases. Both cases exhibited very low DNA levels; 38.2IU/mL in patient A and 14.2IU/mL in patient B. Both patients were HBeAg(-), but patient A had HBe antibodies. Patient B was also HIV/HCV co-infected. In conclusion, two cases of OBI with low HBV viraemia were identified among patients with congenital bleeding disorders. Although the incidence in our sample is moderately low (1.8%), close monitoring of these infections is of great clinical significance, especially in patients with co-infections and concomitant immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agoritsa Varaklioti
- Blood Center and National Reference Center for Congenital Bleeding Disorders, Laiko General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527 Athens, Greece; Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Health Management, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Anna Kouramba
- Blood Center and National Reference Center for Congenital Bleeding Disorders, Laiko General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Ioannidou
- Blood Center and National Reference Center for Congenital Bleeding Disorders, Laiko General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Katsarou
- Blood Center and National Reference Center for Congenital Bleeding Disorders, Laiko General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jonaidi-Jafari N, Rezaee-Zavareh MS, Tavallaei-Nosratabadi J, Ajudani R, Ramezani-Binabaj M, Karimi-Sari H, Izadi M, Ranjbar R, Miri SM, Alavian SM. Occult Hepatitis B Infection in Hepatitis C Patients with Hematological Disorders. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 10. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.40816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
|
8
|
Meidani M, Rostami M, Hemmati S, Ashrafi F, Gholamnezhad M, Emadi M, Ghasemian R, Ahmadian M. Screening and evaluation of chronic and occult Hepatitis B in chemo - radiotherapy patients with cancer. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:85. [PMID: 27274500 PMCID: PMC4879852 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.182216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and its complications is one of the most serious problems of the health system in many parts of the world. In the present study, we will assess chronic and occult HBV and isolated anti-Hepatitis B core antigen whose screening and evaluation is not routine in different populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 213 patients undergoing chemotherapy - radiotherapy referred to the hematology - oncology clinics of Isfahan, Iran in 2012. In order to determine the serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbSAg), Hepatitis B Antigen and Antibody (HBCAb), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALK.P), venous blood samples were obtained. If the HBCAb sample was positive, another sample of the serum was sent to the laboratory to perform polymerase chain reaction and to determine viral load. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 47.7 ± 9 years, with an age range of 27 -73 years; 98 (46%) and 115 (54%) cases were male and female, respectively, with mean age of 51.9 ± 8.3 and 44.1 ± 8.1 years, and there was no significant difference (P < 0.001). The mean level of liver enzymes including AST, ALT and ALK.P were 34.2 ± 36.02, 38.9 ± 47.1 and 252.1 ± 234.7, respectively. Two cases were HbSAg positive (0.9%) and six cases were HBCAb positive (2.8%) and HbSAg negative. Three cases had a high viral load at the rate of starting treatment among positive anti-HBC patients. CONCLUSION Because occult hepatitis is investigated less commonly in routine studies, it seems that screening and evaluating its prevalence is useful in the management of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Meidani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rostami
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Simin Hemmati
- Department of Radiotherapy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ashrafi
- Department of Hematology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gholamnezhad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Emadi
- Department of Biology, Shahrekord Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ahmadian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rastegarvand N, Makvandi M, Samarbafzadeh A, Rasti M, Neisi N, Pouremamali A, Teimoori A, Shabani A. Molecular Characterization of Pre-Core/Core and S Region of Hepatitis B Virus in Hemodialysis Patients With Occult Hepatitis B Infection. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e23686. [PMID: 26587212 PMCID: PMC4644307 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a major public health problem worldwide, which harbors potential risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission through blood transfusion and transplantation. OBI is characterized by the presence of HBV-DNA in the blood or liver tissue without detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. An important cause of OBI is the occurrence of mutations in the HBV genome, especially in the S region. OBJECTIVES The study aims to analyze mutations in S and pre-core/core regions of HBV-DNA in hemodialysis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sera of 216 hemodialysis patients were tested for HBsAg and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) by ELISA. Sera of patients that tested negative for HBsAg were evaluated by PCR for the detection of HBV-DNA in the S and pre-core/core regions. In total, six PCR products were sequenced, aligned, and compared with the HBV reference sequence. Amino acid deletion and nucleotide substitution were considered mutations in S and pre-core/core regions of HBV-DNA. RESULTS Among 216 patients, 203 (93.98%) and 175 (81.01%) sera samples tested negative for HBsAg and HBcAb, respectively. Among all HBsAg-negative samples, six (2.9%) tested positive for HBV-DNA, including four (1.97%) for S and two (0.98%) for pre-core regions. All four (1.97%) samples that tested positive for the S region belonged to HBV-subtype awy. The amino acid sequence of all four samples showed the YMDD motif in position 204 (rtM204). There were three amino acid substitutions in the S region (T127P, P153L, and F170S) and one substitution in the RT region (Y135S). Moreover, two (0.98%) pre-core/core positive patients had an unexpected stop codon in position 1896. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that 2.9% of hemodialysis patients had OBI, which is considered as a major public health problem worldwide. Moreover, we observed three mutations in S region, including T127P, P153L, and F170S, which caused OBI. This study is first to report a mutation analysis of HBV in hemodialysis patients in southwestern Iran. These results indicate that current screening tests based on HBsAg detection are not reliable for detection of HBV infection in dialysis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Rastegarvand
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Manoochehr Makvandi, Department of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-6133354389, Fax: +98-6133361544, E-mail:
| | - Alireza Samarbafzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rasti
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Amir Pouremamali
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Abdolnabi Shabani
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fontenele AMM, Gainer JBF, da Silva e Silva DV, Cruz Santos MD, Salgado JV, Salgado Filho N, Ferreira ASP. Occult hepatitis B among patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis from a capital city in northeast Brazil. Hemodial Int 2015; 19:353-9. [DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Max Diego Cruz Santos
- Clinical Research Center; University Hospital, Federal University of Maranhão; São Luís Brazil
| | - João Victor Salgado
- Kidney Disease Prevention Center; University Hospital and Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão; São Luís Brazil
| | - Natalino Salgado Filho
- Nephrology Service; University Hospital, Federal University of Maranhão; São Luís Brazil
- Department of Medicine I; Federal University of Maranhão; São Luís Brazil
| | - Adalgisa Sousa Paiva Ferreira
- Clinical Research Center; University Hospital, Federal University of Maranhão; São Luís Brazil
- Department of Medicine I; Federal University of Maranhão; São Luís Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Choudhry VP. Hepatitis B and C infections in multitransfused thalassemic patients. Indian J Pediatr 2015; 82:212-4. [PMID: 25669629 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-014-1676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ved Prakash Choudhry
- Sunflag Pahuja Center for Blood Disorders, Sunflag Hospital & Research Center, Faridabad, India,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fattahi MR, Safarpour A, Sepehrimanesh M, Hosseini Asl SMK, Mohamaddoust F. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and its related risk factors among the rural population of fars province, southern iran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2015; 15:e24734. [PMID: 25788957 PMCID: PMC4350250 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.24734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major blood-borne infection with silent epidemic, major global public health problem and diverse prevalence worldwide. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HCV infection and related risk factors in the general population of two villages, Farmashkan and Akbarabad, of the Kavar City in Fars Province, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 34-month cross-sectional study was performed on all people of the villages aged ≥ 7 years from July 2007 to April 2010. Demographic information and history of HCV-related risk factors were extracted from their medical records. For each participant, the serum anti-HCV IgG was assessed by the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS A total of 6095 participants (36.4% male and 65.6% female) with the mean age of 92 (7-95) and mean ± SD of 34.6 ± 17.3 years were included in this study. Fifteen persons (0.24%) were detected as HCV-positive and the highest prevalence was seen in age ≤ 12 years old (1%). A significant association was only detected between blood transfusion and HCV infection; therefore, those persons with history of blood transfusion had 15-fold higher risk for HCV seropositivity (odds ratio 15.54, 95% CI = 4.89-49.41). CONCLUSIONS Our reported rate of HCV seropositivity is similar to the previous Iranian reports. However, future evaluations should be focused on the Polymerase Chain Reaction method for the detection of HCV and determining and evaluating of other related risk factors. Moreover, more attention should be paid to blood donors as a reservoir population of HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Masood Sepehrimanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Mohamaddoust
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karimi-Googheri M, Daneshvar H, Nosratabadi R, Zare-Bidaki M, Hassanshahi G, Ebrahim M, Arababadi MK, Kennedy D. Important roles played by TGF-β in hepatitis B infection. J Med Virol 2013; 86:102-8. [PMID: 24009084 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) which includes, fulminant, acute, chronic, asymptomatic, and occult HBV infection is the most prevalent virus that leads to human liver diseases. Chronic, asymptomatic, and occult infection can induce further sever diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis of the liver. The underlying mechanisms that allow progression of the prolonged forms of the infection and subsequent HCC or cirrhosis of the liver are yet to be clarified. However, many researchers have suggested that immunological and genetic parameters may play important roles in the etiology of hepatitis B. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is an important cytokine with dual regulatory functions in the immune system and in the responses against viral infections. However, the pathways and mechanisms controlling these are not fully understood. The crucial roles of TGF-β in the development of Th17 and T regulatory lymphocytes, the main cell types involved in autoimmunity and destructive immune related diseases, have been documented and this provides insights into TGF-β function during hepatitis infection and subsequent HCC and cirrhosis of the liver. Recent findings also confirm that TGF-β directly alters hepatocyte function during hepatitis B, hence, the aim of this review is to address the current data regarding the association and status of TGF-β with hepatitis B infection and its related disorders including HCC and cirrhosis of the liver.
Collapse
|
14
|
HBsAg Mutants Clustered Mainly Outside of “a” Determinant in Chronic Carriers From Azarbayjan Province, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.6570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
15
|
Rostami Z, Lessan Pezeshki M, Soleimani Najaf Abadi A, Einollahi B. Health related quality of life in Iranian hemodialysis patients with viral hepatitis: changing epidemiology. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e9611. [PMID: 24032050 PMCID: PMC3768204 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.9611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are surprisingly a few studies that evaluate the impact of chronic viral hepatitis, which is common in HD (hemodialysis) patients, on HRQOL (health related quality of life). OBJECTIVES We conducted a study to evaluate the impact of chronic viral hepatitis on HRQOL and to compare their HRQOL with non-infected HD patients via a HRQOL questionnaire. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Iranian adapted version of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF) version 1.3 questionnaires were filled out by the HD patients. In all HD patients, serum HBsAg, HBS Abs, and HCV Abs [enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA)] were routinely checked every six months. Patients were considered to have chronic HBV infection if HBsAg was positive for more than six months. In all HD patients, third generation assay was used to detect HCV infection. Furthermore, serum HCV-RNA (PCR) was examined in anti-HCV-positive patients for confirmation of HCV infection. RESULTS in this cross sectional study 4101 patients from 103 dialysis units in Iran between October 2010 and August 2011 were included. Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection was 2.1% and 1.3% respectively. Almost all KDQOL items for viral hepatitis patients had equivalent or better scores than those without viral hepatitis. In the logistic regression after adjustment for age, sex, educational level, marital status, dialysis vintage, HBs Ag positivity and HCV Ab positivity, only age (P < 0.001) and educational level (P = 0.015) had negative impact on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that not only general health and physical activity were preserved but also health perception may be better among HD patients with viral hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Rostami
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Zohreh Rostami, Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2181262073, Fax: +98-2181262073, E-mail:
| | | | | | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Noori S, Gol-Mohamadi A, Sarbazi MR, Safaee A, Farsar AR. Epidemiological features of hepatitis B and C infection in a high risk population: results of screening programs. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2013; 6:136-40. [PMID: 24834260 PMCID: PMC4017516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to report the epidemiological features of HBV & HCV infection in an Iranian high risk population. BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections are worldwide serious public health problems. Iran has an intermediate prevalence of infection and a screening program was started in 2010 among high risk individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4455 new patients during two past years. Demographic information, age, gender, occupational status, medical history, history of vaccination against HBV, high risk exposure and laboratory findings were collected for each patient. Then distribution of demographic and risk factors was evaluated in each type of hepatitis. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 45.6±17.3 years. More than two-thirds of the diagnosed cases were infected with HBV. 74% of patients were carriers of hepatitis virus. 60% of patients had no symptoms at diagnosis. Illicit intravenous drug use was most common high risk exposure in patients under study (n=366, 8.2%). High risk behaviors including illicit intravenous drug use and unprotected sex were relatively higher in patients infected with hepatitis C compared to patients with hepatitis B infection. CONCLUSION Findings of this study suggest that illicit intravenous drug use, contact with an infected household member and unprotected sex are the most common high risk exposure in Iranian patients infected with viral hepatitis. Therefore, preventive strategies such as health education, vaccination and screening programs should be directed to these groups. The results also show that a majority of patients have no symptoms at the time of diagnosis, therefore periodic screening tests in high risk groups is required.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramezani A, Banifazl M, Eslamifar A, Sofian M, Aghakhani A. Occult hepatitis B infection in different high risk patients. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2012; 12:467-8. [PMID: 23008730 PMCID: PMC3437461 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.7094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amitis Ramezani
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Banifazl
- Iranian Society for Support of Patients With Infectious Diseases, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Eslamifar
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Masoomeh Sofian
- Tuberculosis and Pediatric Infectious Research Center (TPIRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran
| | - Arezoo Aghakhani
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Arezoo Aghakhani, Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No 69, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, 13164, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-2166968852, Fax: +98-2166465147, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|