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Marshall L, Pasalic E, Mahoney M, Turner T, Sneegas K, Kittner DL. The National and State Tobacco Control Program: Overview of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Efforts to Address Commercial Tobacco Use. Prev Chronic Dis 2024; 21:E38. [PMID: 38815048 PMCID: PMC11155683 DOI: 10.5888/pcd21.230311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- LaTisha Marshall
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, 4770 Buford Highway NE; Mailstop S107-7, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Emilia Pasalic
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Margaret Mahoney
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Katmai Government Services, Orlando, Florida
| | - Tiffany Turner
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karla Sneegas
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Deirdre Lawrence Kittner
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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2
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Wu J, Benjamin EJ, Ross JC, Fetterman JL, Hong T. Health Messaging Strategies for Vaping Prevention and Cessation Among Youth and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38742648 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2352284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates health messaging strategies for the prevention and cessation of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults. Health messaging strategies were defined as the strategic process of developing messages with the intent to shape, reinforce, or change recipients' health attitudes and behaviors. McGuire's Communication/Persuasion Model guided the analysis of the messaging strategies, focusing on the model's five communication inputs (i.e. source, message, channel, audience, destination) and 14 persuasive outcomes. Nine databases were searched from January 2007 to September 2023. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies in English that presented quantitative data on messaging strategies aimed at discouraging vaping among youth and young adults. Each study was also coded for study characteristics and the utilization of theory. Out of 6,045 studies, 25 met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies exhibit a diverse array of research methods and a consistent integration of theories. The review emphasizes the nuanced main and interaction effects of various communication inputs, such as message features and audience characteristics, while also pointing out a research gap in message sources. In addition, the utilization of social media for effective messaging to engage the audience requires further research. Only one study specifically evaluated messaging strategies for vaping cessation. More research is imperative to develop targeted and tailored messages that effectively prevent and reduce vaping, especially among populations at higher risk of vaping-related harms, while also leveraging effective channels and innovative communication technologies to engage the audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Wu
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | - Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Traci Hong
- College of Communication, Boston University
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3
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Humphrey R, Truong A, Fraser R, Gallow TG, Fischbach L, Kuo T. Creating and Implementing a Community-Focused, Culturally Tailored Health Marketing Campaign to Address Menthol Cigarette Use in Los Angeles County. Prev Chronic Dis 2024; 21:E25. [PMID: 38635496 PMCID: PMC11048316 DOI: 10.5888/pcd21.230282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Menthol tobacco products have been marketed disproportionately to communities of color for decades. Methods In Los Angeles County, California, a health marketing campaign, which used glossy visuals and attractive people in appealing poses, reminiscent of tobacco marketing tactics, was created and implemented to educate smokers on the health risks of using menthol cigarettes. The campaign encouraged smokers to make a quit attempt by offering access to free or low-cost resources through the Kick It California quitline and the LAQuits website (laquits.com). A survey tailored for public health professionals and community members from the approximately 382,000 people in the county who smoked menthol cigarettes and were exposed to their smoke (our primary audience) was administered to generate insights about this problem. Survey data were used to finesse the campaign creative materials prior to launch. Advertisement exposures, website visits, and quitline call volume were monitored and tabulated to assess the performance of the campaign. Results At the conclusion of its initial run (February-April 2021), the "Done with Menthol" campaign had garnered more than 66 million impressions, received approximately 56,000 clicks on its various digital media platforms, and had click-through rates that surpassed industry benchmarks. The quitline call volume for African American and Latino subgroups were 1.9 and 1.8 times higher than the average inbound call volume for corresponding months during 2018 and 2019, respectively. In its second run (May-June 2023), the campaign garnered approximately 11 million additional impressions. Conclusions Despite having a lower budget and fewer resources than the tobacco industry, the "Done with Menthol" campaign attained excellent reach and offered free, low-cost, and accessible resources to county residents interested in tobacco use cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Humphrey
- Communications and Community Relations, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 3530 Wilshire Blvd, 8th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90010
| | - Amy Truong
- Communications and Community Relations, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Tonya Gorham Gallow
- Tobacco Control and Prevention Program, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lori Fischbach
- Research and Evaluation, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tony Kuo
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
- Population Health Program, UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles, California
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4
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Robbins R. Musings on messages and mediums: How communication and marketing techniques can aid in sleep health promotion. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S11-S14. [PMID: 37730476 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Health communication theory and methods offer promise for anyone interested in translating sleep and circadian findings into population sleep outcomes. Health communication research includes planning, implementation, and evaluation activities, and examining beliefs, behaviors, and environmental factors unique to the target audience; selecting appropriate medium for message dissemination; and crafting a captivating message to nudge a person or population toward better sleep health. Opportunities for leveraging health communication tools for advancing sleep and circadian health are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Robbins
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Xie X, Nan Y, Lin B, Chen T, Zhang L, Xiao L. A COM-B analysis of facilitators of and barriers to smoking cessation among Chinese smokers: A qualitative study. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:152. [PMID: 38026498 PMCID: PMC10652708 DOI: 10.18332/tid/174128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking prevalence remains high in China with a low cessation motivation level, despite the government's tobacco control efforts. There is a lack of research specifically examining perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors related to smoking cessation in this region, particularly from a theory-based deductive perspective. Utilizing the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior) model as a theoretical framework, this study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation among Chinese smokers. METHODS The study employed semi-structured individual interviews with 40 participants. Each interview spanned approximately 30 minutes. The participants, constituting both current and former smokers, were all aged ≥18 years (n=40). Interview data were then examined using a directed content analysis approach. RESULTS Analysis revealed three interrelated themes. Capability: Smokers face challenges when resisting peer pressure and dealing with life after quitting. They also lack knowledge about smoking, quitting techniques, and withdrawal symptoms. Opportunity: Changing societal attitudes towards smoking create opportunities for quitting, but these are hindered by inadequate cessation services and a lack of family support. Motivation: Smokers' motivation to quit is mainly driven by health concerns. Resistance to quitting often stems from the belief that smoking is a personal choice or just a habit. Excessive emphasis on willpower may hinder motivation to quit. CONCLUSIONS To enhance smoking cessation efforts in China, three key aspects should be considered: capability, opportunity, and motivation. Publicity and educational campaigns should target common misconceptions about smoking as a personal freedom, correct the overemphasis on willpower, and widely promote available cessation services. A crucial aspect is shifting societal norms to foster anti-smoking sentiments. Effective strategies may involve using real-life stories to illustrate smoking's health consequences, disseminating information about cessation services in maternity centers, enhancing services through mobile health initiatives, and empowering families to support smokers in their quit attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Xie
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Nan
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingliang Lin
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Chen
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luge Zhang
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Denison B, Dahlen H, Kim JEC, Williams C, Kranzler E, Luchman JN, Trigger S, Bennett M, Nighbor T, Vines M, Petrun Sayers EL, Kurti AN, Weinberg J, Hoffman L, Peck J. Evaluation of the "We Can Do This" Campaign Paid Media and COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake, United States, December 2020-January 2022. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 28:573-584. [PMID: 37528606 PMCID: PMC10529331 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2236976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Public education campaigns are promising methods for promoting vaccine uptake. In April 2021, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services launched the We Can Do This COVID-19 public education campaign. This study is one of the first evaluations of this COVID-19 public education campaign. We tested associations between channel-specific campaign exposure (i.e. digital, TV, radio, print, and out-of-home advertising) and COVID-19 first-dose vaccinations among a nationally representative online sample of 3,278 adults. The study introduces novel ways to simultaneously evaluate short- and long-term cumulative media dose, filling an important gap in campaign evaluation literature. We observed a positive, statistically significant relationship between the short-term change in digital media dose and the likelihood of first-dose vaccination, and a positive, statistically significant relationship between long-term cumulative TV dose and the likelihood of first-dose vaccination. Results suggest that both digital and TV ads contributed to vaccination, such that digital media was associated with more immediate behavioral changes, whereas TV gradually shifted behaviors over time. As findings varied by media channel, this study suggests that public education campaigns should consider delivering campaign messages across multiple media channels to enhance campaign reach across audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Trigger
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Morgane Bennett
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Tyler Nighbor
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Monica Vines
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Petrun Sayers
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Allison N. Kurti
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Jessica Weinberg
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | | | - Joshua Peck
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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Jackson SE, Shahab L, Brown J. Examining the influence of tobacco control mass media campaign expenditure on the association between motivation to stop smoking and quit attempts: A prospective study in England. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107744. [PMID: 37126918 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether expenditure on national tobacco control mass media campaigns moderates the association between motivation to stop smoking and future quit attempts. METHOD Data were from 2601 people who smoke participating in a population survey with 12-month follow-up between April 2015 and February 2021. We used logistic regression to test associations of (i) baseline level of motivation to stop smoking, (ii) mean monthly tobacco control mass media campaign expenditure in England between baseline and follow-up, and (iii) their interaction, on past-year quit attempts assessed at 12-month follow-up. Covariates included age, sex, occupational social grade, and region. RESULTS Between baseline and follow-up, 38.6% of participants made a quit attempt. Each one-point increase in baseline motivation to stop smoking was associated with 1.37 times greater odds (95%CI = 1.31-1.43) of making a quit attempt over 12-month follow-up. Each one standard deviation increase in tobacco control mass media expenditure between baseline and 12-month follow-up was associated with 13% greater odds of making a quit attempt (95%CI = 1.05-1.23). There was no significant interaction between mass media expenditure and motivation to stop on quit attempts (OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.97-1.05); the data provided strong evidence for the null (Bayes factors = 0.07 and 0.04 based on expected effect sizes of OR = 1.5 and OR = 0.67, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among people who smoke, self-reported level of motivation to stop strongly predicted whether they made a quit attempt in the subsequent year. Increased expenditure on tobacco control mass media campaigns was associated with increased quit attempts. The association between motivation and quit attempts did not differ according to tobacco control mass media expenditure over this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK.
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
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8
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Dutra LM, Farrelly MC, Bradfield B, Mekos D, Jones C, Alexander T. Awareness of and receptivity to FDA's point-of-sale tobacco public education campaign. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288462. [PMID: 37440511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess awareness of and receptivity to FDA's point-of-sale (POS) tobacco public education campaign for adult cigarette smokers called Every Try Counts; it was the first multi-county POS campaign in the U.S. The design was a county-level treatment-control three-wave longitudinal design. The setting was 15 treatment and 15 control counties. Subjects were smokers ages 25 to 54 (N = 3,628). 4,145 individuals screened in as eligible; 3,628 (87.5% response rate) completed the Wave 1 questionnaire (Wave 2: n = 2,812; Wave 3: n = 2,571; retention 70.9%). Measures were self-reported brand and ad awareness (saw any ad a few times or more) and receptivity (5-item perceived effectiveness scale). The analysis included descriptive analyses of receptivity; bivariate analyses of awareness by treatment group; and covariate- and time-adjusted logistic regression models to determine changes in awareness attributable to the campaign. Receptivity was moderate and differed significantly by race/ethnicity. As was the case for all waves, at wave 3, ad awareness was significantly higher in treatment (53.3%) than control counties (36.1%, p < .05). In regression models, brand (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.26-1.86) and ad (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.39-2.16) awareness were significantly higher in treatment than control counties. Every Try Counts generated a moderate level of receptivity and attention from cigarette smokers. Limitations include self-reports of campaign awareness and generalizability to a small number of U.S. counties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Dutra
- Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew C Farrelly
- Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian Bradfield
- Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Debra Mekos
- Center for Tobacco Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chaunetta Jones
- Center for Tobacco Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tesfa Alexander
- Public Health Systems Innovation and Transformation, MITRE Corporation, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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McKenzie N, Paprzycki P, Joost A, Kruse-Diehr A, Glassman T. Comparing Message Appeals Employed in Efforts to Prevent E-cigarette Use Among Students in a US University. J Community Health 2023; 48:458-466. [PMID: 36622540 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
College students tend to underestimate the risk associated with e-cigarette use while overestimating the prevalence of this behavior. The purpose of this study was to compare the perceived effectiveness of social norms messages to other theoretical appeals regarding the prevention of e-cigarette use. Researchers surveyed 586 college students who assessed five messages. Different appeals were featured in each message. A Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM) was used to calibrate students' responses to seven items assessing each communication message. The results from the multiple regression models revealed that vape-users were less receptive to the messages than abstainers, and among vape users, males expressed lower message endorsement than females. Overall, the clinical appeal received the highest endorsement in Rasch calibrated logit unit measures, (M = 3.36 for abstainers and M = 2.41 for vape-users), whereas the social norms message was the least favored (M = 1.41 for abstainers and M = 0.22 for vape-users). Qualitative analyses revealed common themes of skepticism and a need for credible scientific information. Findings suggest college students prefer clinical evidence over normative information. An experimental design is needed to determine the extent to which messages influence behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole McKenzie
- The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Mail Stop 119, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
| | - Peter Paprzycki
- University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Amanda Joost
- The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Mail Stop 119, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Aaron Kruse-Diehr
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 2195 Harrodsburg Road, Lexington, KY, 40504, USA
| | - Tavis Glassman
- The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Mail Stop 119, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
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Herbst RS, Hatsukami D, Acton D, Giuliani M, Moushey A, Phillips J, Sherwood S, Toll BA, Viswanath K, Warren NJH, Warren GW, Alberg AJ. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: An Updated Policy Statement From the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:4144-4155. [PMID: 36287017 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Combustible tobacco use has reached historic lows, demonstrating the importance of proven strategies to reduce smoking since publication of the 1964 Surgeon General's report. In contrast, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), specifically e-cigarettes, has grown to alarming rates and threatens to hinder progress against tobacco use. A major concern is ENDS use by youth and adults who never previously used tobacco. While ENDS emit fewer carcinogens than combustible tobacco, preliminary evidence links ENDS use to DNA damage and inflammation, key steps in cancer development. Furthermore, high levels of nicotine can also increase addiction, raise blood pressure, interfere with brain development, and suppress the immune system. The magnitude of long-term health risks will remain unknown until longitudinal studies are completed. ENDS have been billed as a promising tool for combustible tobacco cessation, but further evidence is needed to assess their potential efficacy for adults who smoke. Of concern, epidemiological studies estimate that approximately 15%-42% of adults who use ENDS have never used another tobacco product, and another 36%-54% dual use both ENDS and combustible tobacco. This policy statement details advances in science related to ENDS and calls for urgent action to end predatory practices of the tobacco industry and protect public health. Importantly, we call for an immediate ban on all non-tobacco-flavored ENDS products that contain natural or synthetic nicotine to reduce ENDS use by youth and adults who never previously used tobacco. Concurrently, evidence-based treatments to promote smoking cessation and prevent smoking relapse to reduce cancer incidence and improve public health remain top priorities for our organizations. We also recognize there is an urgent need for research to understand the relationship between ENDS and tobacco-related disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy S Herbst
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Dana Acton
- American Association for Cancer Research, Washington, DC
| | | | - Allyn Moushey
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthony J Alberg
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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11
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The Impact of the Tips from Former Smokers® Campaign on Reducing Cigarette Smoking Relapse. J Smok Cessat 2022; 2022:3435462. [PMID: 36568904 PMCID: PMC9708364 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3435462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based mass-reach health communication campaigns can increase tobacco cessation, use of cessation resources such as quitlines, and change tobacco-related social norms. These interventions have been associated with a lower likelihood of cigarette smoking relapse in studies conducted internationally; however, no studies have assessed this outcome for a national campaign in the United States. This study examined the relationship between Tips from Former Smokers® (Tips®) campaign exposure and the odds of cigarette smoking relapse among adults who formerly smoked. Using data from the 2014 to 2019 Tips longitudinal campaign surveys, we estimated first episode of relapse (versus remaining a former smoker) as a function of Tips gross rating points (GRPs, a measure of media exposure). Higher levels of Tips GRPs were associated with lower odds of relapse (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50-0.78). These results suggest that the Tips campaign may reduce smoking relapse, in addition to the established effect of increasing smoking cessation. Former smokers can be considered a secondary target audience for smoking cessation mass media campaigns, and mass media campaigns could be considered a component of smoking relapse prevention efforts.
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12
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Herbst RS, Hatsukami D, Acton D, Giuliani M, Moushey A, Phillips J, Sherwood S, Toll BA, Viswanath K, Warren NJH, Warren GW, Alberg AJ. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: An Updated Policy Statement from the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4861-4870. [PMID: 36287033 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Combustible tobacco use has reached historic lows, demonstrating the importance of proven strategies to reduce smoking since publication of the 1964 Surgeon General's report. In contrast, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), specifically e-cigarettes, has grown to alarming rates and threatens to hinder progress against tobacco use. A major concern is ENDS use by youth and adults who never previously used tobacco. While ENDS emit fewer carcinogens than combustible tobacco, preliminary evidence links ENDS use to DNA damage and inflammation, key steps in cancer development. Furthermore, high levels of nicotine can also increase addiction, raise blood pressure, interfere with brain development, and suppress the immune system. The magnitude of long-term health risks will remain unknown until longitudinal studies are completed. ENDS have been billed as a promising tool for combustible tobacco cessation, but further evidence is needed to assess their potential efficacy for adults who smoke. Of concern, epidemiological studies estimate that approximately 15% to 42% of adults who use ENDS have never used another tobacco product, and another 36% to 54% "dual use" both ENDS and combustible tobacco. This policy statement details advances in science related to ENDS and calls for urgent action to end predatory practices of the tobacco industry and protect public health. Importantly, we call for an immediate ban on all non-tobacco-flavored ENDS products that contain natural or synthetic nicotine to reduce ENDS use by youth and adults who never previously used tobacco. Concurrently, evidence-based treatments to promote smoking cessation and prevent smoking relapse to reduce cancer incidence and improve public health remain top priorities for our organizations. We also recognize there is an urgent need for research to understand the relationship between ENDS and tobacco-related disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy S Herbst
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Dana Acton
- American Association for Cancer Research, Washington, D.C
| | | | - Allyn Moushey
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, Virginia
| | | | | | - Benjamin A Toll
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | | | - Graham W Warren
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Anthony J Alberg
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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13
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Foxon F, Selya A, Gitchell J, Shiffman S. Population-level counterfactual trend modelling to examine the relationship between smoking prevalence and e-cigarette use among US adults. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1940. [PMID: 36261808 PMCID: PMC9580416 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that some US adult smokers are switching away from smoking to e-cigarette use. Nationally representative data may reflect such changes in smoking by assessing trends in cigarette and e-cigarette prevalence. The objective of this study is to assess whether and how much smoking prevalence differs from expectations since the introduction of e-cigarettes. METHODS Annual estimates of smoking and e-cigarette use in US adults varying in age, race/ethnicity, and sex were derived from the National Health Interview Survey. Regression models were fitted to smoking prevalence trends before e-cigarettes became widely available (1999-2009) and trends were extrapolated to 2019 (counterfactual model). Smoking prevalence discrepancies, defined as the difference between projected and actual smoking prevalence from 2010 to 2019, were calculated, to evaluate whether actual smoking prevalence differed from those expected from counterfactual projections. The correlation between smoking discrepancies and e-cigarette use prevalence was investigated. RESULTS Actual overall smoking prevalence from 2010 to 2019 was significantly lower than counterfactual predictions. The discrepancy was significantly larger as e-cigarette use prevalence increased. In subgroup analyses, discrepancies in smoking prevalence were more pronounced for cohorts with greater e-cigarette use prevalence, namely adults ages 18-34, adult males, and non-Hispanic White adults. CONCLUSION Population-level data suggest that smoking prevalence has dropped faster than expected, in ways correlated with increased e-cigarette use. This population movement has potential public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floe Foxon
- PinneyAssociates Inc, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Arielle Selya
- PinneyAssociates Inc, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joe Gitchell
- PinneyAssociates Inc, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Saul Shiffman
- PinneyAssociates Inc, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Vaid I, Blum E, Ahmed K. Smoking Cessation Efforts Among WISEWOMAN Program Participants, 2014-2018. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:911-916. [PMID: 35849753 PMCID: PMC11034904 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), indicating the importance of smoking cessation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for WOMen Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) Program funded 21 recipients to provide preventative health services, including healthy behavior support services, to low-income, uninsured, or underinsured women, between 40 to 64 years of age, aimed at lowering CVD risk for women from January 2014 to June 2018. This article explores WISEWOMAN's smoking prevalence and smoking cessation efforts. Analyses were conducted to assess smoking status and other CVD risk factors among 71,671 unique women from all 21 WISEWOMAN funded recipients. Information on CVD risk factors, including smoking status, were collected. Women who were identified as currently smoking during their initial visit were referred to smoking cessation services and their smoking status was revisited during their rescreening. The overall smoking cessation prevalence was 16.9% during the funding cycle. This small increase from the previous iteration of WISEWOMAN (14.9%), supports WISEWOMAN's continued emphasis on smoking cessation through community-clinical linkages. The distribution of smoking cessation did vary by race and ethnicity (p < 0.001). Hispanic women had a higher smoking cessation (38.1%) compared to non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White women (17.4%, 15.1%, and 13.7% respectively). In the next iteration of the WISEWOMAN Program, it is anticipated that continued emphasis will be placed on achieving health equity among women who smoke, to reduce CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isam Vaid
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ethan Blum
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kaha Ahmed
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Parvanta C, Hammond RW, He W, Zemen R, Boddupalli S, Walker K, Chen H, Harner RN. Face Value: Remote facial expression analysis adds predictive power to perceived effectiveness for selecting anti-tobacco PSAs. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:281-291. [PMID: 35838201 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perceived effectiveness (PE) is a validated tool for predicting the potential impact of anti-tobacco public service announcements (PSAs). We set out to evaluate the added predictive value of facial expression analysis when combined with PE in a remote (online) survey. Each of 302 tobacco users watched 3 PSAs and allowed transmission of webcam videos from which metrics for "attention" (head position) and "facial action units" (FAU) were computed. The participants completed scales for their subjective emotions, willingness to share on social media, and intention to quit smoking using the Tobacco Free Florida website. Based on PE, both ready to quit (RTQ) and not ready (NR) respondents favored the same PSAs but RTQs assigned higher PE scores. Negative PSAs ("sad" or "frightening") were more compelling overall but RTQs also favored surprising ads and were more willing to share them on social media. Logistic regression showed that the combination of Attention + FAU+ PE (AUC = .816, p < .0001) outperformed single factors or factor combinations in distinguishing RTQ from NR. This study demonstrates that on-line assessment of facial expressions enhances the predictive value of PE and can be deployed on large remote samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Parvanta
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - R W Hammond
- Muma College of Business, Center for Marketing and Sales Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - W He
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - R Zemen
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - S Boddupalli
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - K Walker
- Zimmerman School of Mass Communication and Advertising, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - H Chen
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - R N Harner
- Muma College of Business, Center for Marketing and Sales Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Wang Y, Duan Z, Emery SL, Weaver SR, Self-Brown SR, Ashley DL, Huang J. Intentions and Attempts to Quit Smoking Among Sexual Minoritized Adult Smokers After Exposure to the Tips From Former Smokers Campaign. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2211060. [PMID: 35532934 PMCID: PMC9086838 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.11060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Significant disparities exist in smoking behaviors by sexual minority status in the US. OBJECTIVE To examine potential differences in the associations between exposure to the Tips From Former Smokers (Tips) campaign and intentions and attempts to quit smoking by sexual minority status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used data from the wave 5 survey of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Data from 8072 adults who were currently established cigarette smokers were collected from December 2018 to November 2019 and analyzed in August 2021. The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study is an ongoing cohort study representative of the noninstitutionalized US population. Sample weights were applied to account for the complex sampling strategies. EXPOSURES Dichotomized self-reported frequent Tips exposure (often and very often) and infrequent exposure (never, rarely, and sometimes). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes were intention to quit within 12 months, any serious quit attempts in the past 12 months, and number of serious quit attempts in the past 12 months. Multivariate logistic and ordinal logistic regressions were used to estimate the weighted associations between exposure and each outcome. Interactions between Tips exposure and sexual minority status were examined to explore potential differences. RESULTS A total of 8072 participants (mean [SD] age, 44.7 [14.8] years; 3888 [53.2%] male; 4962 [67.4%] non-Hispanic White; and 915 [9.5%] sexual minoritized individuals [ie, those who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or another minoritized sexual identity]) were included. Frequent Tips exposure was associated with higher odds of quit intentions and attempts overall (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07-1.46 for intention to quit within 12 months; aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.47 for serious quit attempts in the past 12 months; and aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06-1.44 for number of serious quit attempts in the past 12 months). These associations were significantly stronger for heterosexual smokers than sexual minoritized smokers, as indicated by the significant interaction terms (aOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.96 for intention to quit within 12 months; aOR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.24-0.70 for serious quit attempts in the past 12 months; and aOR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.24-0.67 for number of serious quit attempts in the past 12 months). Subgroup analysis showed that heterosexual smokers who reported frequent Tips exposure were more likely to intend to quit within 12 months (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10-1.53), have had any serious quit attempts in the past 12 months (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13-1.58), and have had more serious quit attempts (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12-1.54) than heterosexual smokers who reported infrequent exposure. In contrast, there was no association for sexual minoritized smokers (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.52-1.30 for intention to quit within 12 months; aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.39-1.07 for serious quit attempts in the past 12 months; and aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.38-1.00 for number of serious quit attempts in the past 12 months). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that significant differences exist in the associations between Tips exposure and quit intentions or attempts by sexual minority status. More targeted campaign content for sexual minoritized smokers may be needed to increase quit intentions and attempts among this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Zongshuan Duan
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Sherry L. Emery
- National Opinion Research Center at University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Scott R. Weaver
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Shannon R. Self-Brown
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - David L. Ashley
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Jidong Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
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17
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Jawed A, Jassal M. When there is no air, the cradle will fall: A narrative review of tobacco-related content across infant safe sleep interventions. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:994702. [PMID: 36545661 PMCID: PMC9760916 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.994702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) from sleep-related causes is a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is one of the primary causes of SUID attributed to one or more environmental or behavioral determinants surrounding safe sleep practices among infants. The focus of many interventions on mitigating sleep-related infant deaths have addressed visible determinants pertaining to bed sharing, safe sleep surfaces, and removal of blankets, toys and other choking or strangulation hazards. Tobacco reduction and cessation have not been at the heart of any infant safe sleep interventions although addressing tobacco exposure is one of the primary safe sleep recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics. To date, there has not been a comprehensive review published on tobacco-related components across safe sleep interventions to reduce the risk of SIDS and SUID as the basis to contribute towards decreasing the rate of infant mortality. This review synthesizes the best practices, strategies, education, and additional interventions centered on addressing tobacco exposure as a risk factor for sleep-related infant deaths. Ten peer-reviewed studies were identified between 1995 and 2021 and integrated into this narrative review. There were three cross-sectional studies, three campaigns, one multi-center case control study, two randomized controlled trials, and two group comparison studies. Strengths and limitations of each approach are delineated followed by recommendations for future campaign, research, program, and practice endeavors to account for the totality of pertinent modifiable risk factors that contribute towards heightened infant mortality from sleep-related causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Jawed
- Department of Pediatric and OB/GYN Social Work, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Mandeep Jassal
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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18
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Agaku I, Tsafa T, Nikitara K, Odani S. Familial secondhand smoke: Tobacco use and adoption of smoke-free home and car rules among US parents. POPULATION MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/140059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cost Effectiveness of the Tips From Former Smokers® Campaign-U.S., 2012-2018. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:406-410. [PMID: 33455819 PMCID: PMC9062917 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has conducted the national Tips From Former Smokers® public education campaign, which motivates smokers to quit by featuring people living with the real-life health consequences of smoking. Cost effectiveness, from the healthcare sector perspective, of the Tips From Former Smokers® campaign was compared over 2012-2018 with that of no campaign. METHODS A combination of survey data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults that includes cigarette smokers and literature-based lifetime relapse rates were used to calculate the cumulative number of Tips From Former Smokers® campaign‒associated lifetime quits during 2012-2018. Then, lifetime health benefits (premature deaths averted, life years saved, and quality-adjusted life years gained) and healthcare sector cost savings associated with these quits were assessed. All the costs were adjusted for inflation in 2018 U.S. dollars. The Tips From Former Smokers® campaign was conducted and the survey data were collected during 2012-2018. Analyses were conducted in 2019. RESULTS During 2012-2018, the Tips From Former Smokers® campaign was associated with an estimated 129,100 premature deaths avoided, 803,800 life years gained, 1.38 million quality-adjusted life years gained, and $7.3 billion in healthcare sector cost savings on the basis of an estimated 642,200 campaign-associated lifetime quits. The Tips From Former Smokers® campaign was associated with cost savings per lifetime quit of $11,400, per life year gained of $9,100, per premature deaths avoided of $56,800, and per quality-adjusted life year gained of $5,300. CONCLUSIONS Mass-reach health education campaigns, such as Tips From Former Smokers®, can help smokers quit, improve health outcomes, and potentially reduce healthcare sector costs.
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20
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Glover-Kudon RM, Gates EF. The Role of Quitlines in Tobacco Cessation: An Introduction. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:S99-S102. [PMID: 33663707 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Glover-Kudon
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Emily F Gates
- Measurement, Evaluation, Statistics, & Assessment (MESA), Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
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21
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Redfield RR, Hahn SM, Sharpless NE. Redoubling Efforts to Help Americans Quit Smoking - Federal Initiatives to Tackle the Country's Longest-Running Epidemic. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1606-1609. [PMID: 33085859 DOI: 10.1056/nejmp2003255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Redfield
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (R.R.R.); and the Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring (S.M.H.), and the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda (N.E.S.) - both in Maryland
| | - Stephen M Hahn
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (R.R.R.); and the Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring (S.M.H.), and the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda (N.E.S.) - both in Maryland
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (R.R.R.); and the Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring (S.M.H.), and the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda (N.E.S.) - both in Maryland
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