1
|
Borsuk DA, Fokin AA, Lobastov KV, Tauraginskii RA, Zhdanov KO, Zolotov AV, Arkhipov IS, Galchenko MI. A randomized clinical trial to assess the impact of laser power with constant linear endovenous energy density on outcomes of endovenous laser ablation (SLEDGE trial). J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2023; 11:946-953. [PMID: 37172934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, conflicting evidence has been reported regarding the energy settings to use during endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). In the present study, we evaluated the outcomes of EVLA of the great saphenous veins (GSVs) using different power settings with the same linear endovenous energy density (LEED) of ∼70 J/cm. METHODS We performed a single-center, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial with a blinded outcome assessment of patients with varicose veins of the GSV who underwent EVLA with a wavelength of 1470 nm and a radial fiber. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups according to the energy setting: group 1, 5 W power and an automatic fiber traction speed of 0.7 mm/s (LEED, 71.4 J/cm); group 2, 7 W and 1.0 mm/s (LEED, 70 J/cm); and group 3, 10 W and 1.5 mm/s (LEED, 66.7 J/cm). The primary outcome was the rate of GSV occlusion at 6 months. The secondary outcomes were pain intensity along the target vein the next day and at 1 week and 2 months after EVLA, the necessity for analgesics, and the occurrence of significant complications. RESULTS From February 2017 to June 2020, 245 lower extremities of 203 patients were enrolled. Groups 1, 2, and 3 included 83, 79, and 83 limbs, respectively. At 6 months of follow-up, 214 lower extremities were examined with duplex ultrasound. GSV occlusion was observed in 72 of 72 limbs (100%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 100%-100%) in group 1 and 70 of 71 limbs (98.6%; 95% CI, 97%-100%) in groups 2 and 3 (P < .05 for noninferiority). No difference was found in the pain level, necessity for analgesics, or rate of any other complications. CONCLUSIONS The technical results, pain level, and complications of EVLA were not associated with the combination of energy power (5-10 W) and the speed of automatic fiber traction when a similar LEED of ∼70 J/cm was reached.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Borsuk
- Clinic of Phlebology "VenoClinica", Ekaterinburg-Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Fokin
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Professional Education, South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Lobastov
- Department of General Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Tauraginskii
- Research Laboratory of Venous Hemodynamics, Phlebocenter LLC, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | | | | | - Ivan S Arkhipov
- Clinic of Phlebology "VenoClinica", Ekaterinburg-Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Maxim I Galchenko
- Department of Electric Power Engineering and Electrical Equipment, Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Setia A, Dikic S, Demhasaj S, Schmitz-Rixen T, Sroka R, Schmedt CG. Prospects of Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) Standardization-Mid-Term Results of a Four-Zone Dosimetry Guiding Tool for 1940 nm Laser. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4313. [PMID: 37445351 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity regarding dosimetry and reporting of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) mandates the development of a standardized protocol. This study presents the mid-term results of EVLA with 1940 nm-laser and radial-fibre, supported by a four-zone dosimetry tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four anatomical dosimetry zones for great saphenous veins (GSV) and two for small saphenous veins (SSV) were defined with set power levels. Zone-1G (4 W) extended from the inguinal ligament to the apex of femoral triangle, Zone-2G (4 W) from the apex of femoral triangle to the upper border of patella. Zone-3G (3 W) from the patella to the tibial tuberosity. Zone-4G (2 W) extended from the tibial tuberosity to the ankle. Zone-1S from the sapheno-popliteal junction to the tibial tuberosity. Zone-2S from the tibial tuberosity to the ankle. Power was increased by 1 W for veins >10 mm and decreased by 1 W when fibre sticking was encountered. Pullback-velocity was max. 1 mm/s. RESULTS A total of 152 consecutive patients (185 procedures) were recruited. Mean follow-up time was 11.9 months. Mean linear endovenous energy density for GSV was Zone-1G:42 J/cm, Zone-2G:33 J/cm, Zone-3G:27 J/cm, Zone-4G:22 J/cm, Zone-1S:34 J/cm, Zone-2S:27 J/cm. Occlusion rates were 98.9% (1-month) and 93.7% (12-months). Complications at 1 M were low, namely laser-induced paraesthesia (LIP) 2.2% and endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) 1.6%. Persistent LIP (12 M) was observed in 0.5%. CONCLUSION The proposed four-zone guiding tool is a step towards standardizing dosimetry and documentation for EVLA with 1940 nm. This strategy shows good mid-term results with minimal complications. Long-term follow-up and application in further centres are necessary to prove its reproducibility. Such a guiding tool could improve the ability to analyse, compare and review different EVLA wavelengths and fibre types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Setia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Diakonie-Klinikum, 74523 Schwaebisch Hall, Germany
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Medicine, Klinikum Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Slobodan Dikic
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Diakonie-Klinikum, 74523 Schwaebisch Hall, Germany
| | - Sahit Demhasaj
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Diakonie-Klinikum, 74523 Schwaebisch Hall, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rixen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, German Society of Surgery, Langenbeck-Virchow-House, Luisenstr. 59, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Claus-Georg Schmedt
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Diakonie-Klinikum, 74523 Schwaebisch Hall, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Endovenous laser ablation using laser systems emitting at wavelengths > 1900 nm: a systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3473-3483. [PMID: 35819662 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the currently available literature reporting clinical application of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) by means of laser systems emitting at wavelengths > 1900 nm, pertaining dosimetry, intraoperative parameters, postoperative outcomes, and efficacy based on occlusion rates, recanalization, and postoperative complications. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, OVID, and Web of Science for publications since the year 2000 until December 2021. Case series, prospective trials, retrospective studies, and randomized controlled trials describing the application of a 1920/1940-nm wavelength laser for EVLA in humans with a minimum of one postoperative follow-up visit were included in the study. Four case series and one randomized controlled trial with a total of 509 EVLA procedures (396 great saphenous veins and 113 small saphenous veins) were identified, meeting the inclusion criteria. The studies were heterogenous in their documentation, EVLA, and duplex ultrasound protocol and result reporting. Overall, the applied average cumulative LEED values ranged from 17.8 to 53 J/cm. Complications observed were pigmentation (0-9.75%), paresthesia (2.5-7.3%), thrombophlebitis (0-5%), EHIT Class 2 (2.26-2.4%), and EHIT Class 1 (1.2-2.4%). Four cases of recanalizations were observed in one study cohort within the first month after treatment. Follow-up at 12 months was available for 3 studies (procedures n = 218) with recanalizations in 8 limbs. Follow-up at 24-36 months was available for 2 studies (procedures n = 126) showing recanalizations in 5 limbs. Recanalizations were asymptomatic and incidental findings on follow-up duplex ultrasound. Pooled occlusion rates were 99.2% at 1 M, 96.3% at 12 M, and 96% at 24 M. Overall, patients undergoing EVLA with long wavelength laser systems > 1900 nm show high occlusion rates, significant improvement in VCSS, low postoperative complication rate, low pain levels, low analgesic requirement, and early convalescence. Apart from persistent paresthesia, all the complications regressed spontaneously within 6 months. EVLA by means of 1920/1940 nm shows promising clinical results with high efficacy and low complication rates. Heterogeneity still exists regarding ideal protocol for duplex ultrasound examination and documentation of anatomical parameters (e.g., vein diameter, ideal stump length and status of accessory veins) and light dosimetry for EVLA.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pannier F, Noppeney T, Alm J, Breu FX, Bruning G, Flessenkämper I, Gerlach H, Hartmann K, Kahle B, Kluess H, Mendoza E, Mühlberger D, Mumme A, Nüllen H, Rass K, Reich-Schupke S, Stenger D, Stücker M, Schmedt CG, Schwarz T, Tesmann J, Teßarek J, Werth S, Valesky E. S2k guidelines: diagnosis and treatment of varicose veins. DER HAUTARZT; ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DERMATOLOGIE, VENEROLOGIE, UND VERWANDTE GEBIETE 2022; 73:1-44. [PMID: 35438355 PMCID: PMC9358954 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-04977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Pannier
- Praxis für Dermatologie und Phlebologie, Helmholtzstr. 4-6, 53123, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Setia A, Schmedt CG, Beisswenger A, Dikic S, Demhasaj S, Setia O, Schmitz-Rixen T, Sroka R. Safety and efficacy of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) using 1940 nm and radial emitting fiber: 3-year results of a prospective, non-randomized study and comparison with 1470 nm. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:511-522. [PMID: 34865236 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety, efficacy and ≥36 months outcomes of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) by means of 1940 nm laser with radial fiber for the treatment of truncal vein insufficiency and compare the results to a historical cohort, obtained via reviewing the literature. METHODS This prospective, non-randomized, single-center clinical study included 139 consecutive patients with 177 incompetent great saphenous (GSV, n = 135) and short saphenous veins (SSV, n = 42). The maximum laser power (Pmax. 10 W) and pullback velocity were adjusted individually (Vmax = 1 mm/s). The laser fiber was placed at the junction to the deep vein under duplex monitoring. Simultaneous phlebectomies were performed on all the patients. Regular follow up with clinical and duplex ultrasound examination (DUS) were carried out postoperatively at 1 month (1 M), 6 months (6 M), 12 months (12 M), 24 months (24 M), 36 months, and after that (≥36 M). The results were compared with three cohorts (total 616 EVLA procedures with 1470 nm laser and radial fiber) from literature (criteria: >100 procedures, follow-up of ≥2 years). RESULTS The follow-up rate was 100%, 91%, 73%, 48%, and 23% of the truncal veins at 1, 6, 12, 24, and ≥36 M, respectively. In comparison to the literature using 1470, a lower average linear endovenous energy density (LEED) (53 vs. 77-82 J/cm) resulted in 100% (6 M) and 96.5% (24 M) occlusion rates, reduced local ecchymosis (2.2% vs. 3.2%-18.7%) and reduced average postoperative pain levels (1.3 vs. 2.18). Regarding adverse events, induration (1.1% vs. 1.8%), skin burns (0% vs. 0.45%), endovenous heat-induced thrombus propagation (EHIT) in the deep veins (2.3% vs. 1.8%) and laser-induced persistent paresthesia (2.2% vs. 0.5%-2.9%) were comparable. Recanalizations observed in this study (GSV 0, SSV 3) were asymptomatic and required no treatment. At ≥36 M reflux in the accessory veins was observed in 5% versus 10.5% of patients. Reintervention was required in none (0% vs. 21%). At >36 M, short average stump lengths of 1 cm (GSV) and 0.3 cm (SSV) were observed. CONCLUSION EVLA with 1940 nm laser with radial emitting fiber is as safe and effective as 1470 nm laser for the treatment of truncal vein insufficiency. Lower postoperative pain, low analgesic requirements, short convalescence add to patients' comfort. EVLA with 1940 nm laser-guided by intraoperative DUS permits reproducible placement of the radial fiber at the saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal junction, enabling further studies to assess the effect of shorter stump length on patterns and frequency of recurrence without increased risk of EHIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Setia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, DIAK Klinikum Schwaebisch Hall, Schwaebisch Hall, Germany
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Medicine, Klinikum-Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Claus-Georg Schmedt
- Department of Vascular Surgery, DIAK Klinikum Schwaebisch Hall, Schwaebisch Hall, Germany
| | - Anna Beisswenger
- Department of Vascular Surgery, DIAK Klinikum Schwaebisch Hall, Schwaebisch Hall, Germany
| | - Slobodan Dikic
- Department of Vascular Surgery, DIAK Klinikum Schwaebisch Hall, Schwaebisch Hall, Germany
| | - Sahit Demhasaj
- Department of Vascular Surgery, DIAK Klinikum Schwaebisch Hall, Schwaebisch Hall, Germany
| | - Ocean Setia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rixen
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Laser Research Laboratory, LIFE Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mii S, Guntani A, Yoshiga R, Matsumoto T, Kawakubo E, Okadome J. Optimal Duration of Compression Stocking Therapy after Endovenous Laser Ablation Using a 1470-nm Diode Dual-Ring Radial Laser Fiber for Great Saphenous Vein Insufficiency. Ann Vasc Dis 2021; 14:122-131. [PMID: 34239637 PMCID: PMC8241551 DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.21-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the optimal duration of compression therapy after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) using a 1470-nm diode dual-ring radial laser fiber for great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency. Methods: Patients undergoing EVLA of GSV for varicose vein disease were divided into two groups based on the duration of subsequent compression after the procedure: short duration group (S group; 0–2 days) and long duration group (L group; 1–4 weeks). Patient-reported outcomes (pain and quality of life [QOL]) were set as the primary outcomes, and objective findings (venous clinical severity score [VCSS], leg circumference, and duplex ultrasound [DUS] findings) were set as the secondary outcomes. A follow-up examination was performed at 1 week and 1 and 6 months. Each variable between the groups was compared after a propensity score matching using the age, sex, Clinical–Etiological–Anatomical–Pathophysiological (CEAP) clinical class, job type, and target variable as covariates. A per-protocol analysis was performed. Results: The S and L groups included 98 and 99 patients, respectively. A propensity score matching analysis showed no significant differences between the groups in any outcomes at any follow-up intervals. Conclusion: Long-term compression showed little benefit; therefore, the prescription of compression stocking beyond 2 days after EVLA is unnecessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Mii
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saiseikai Yahata General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Guntani
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saiseikai Yahata General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yoshiga
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saiseikai Yahata General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saiseikai Yahata General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kawakubo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saiseikai Yahata General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Okadome
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Healy DA, Twyford M, Moloney T, Kavanagh EG. Systematic review on the incidence and management of endovenous heat-induced thrombosis following endovenous thermal ablation of the great saphenous vein. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2021; 9:1312-1320.e10. [PMID: 33618065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the incidence of endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) and evaluate its management after endovenous thermal ablation of the great saphenous vein (GSV). METHODS MEDLINE and Embase were searched for studies with at least 100 patients who underwent great saphenous vein endovenous thermal ablation and had duplex ultrasound follow-up within 30 days. Data were gathered on the incidence of thrombotic complications and on the management of cases of EHIT. The primary outcome for the meta-analysis was EHIT types 2 to 4 and secondary outcomes were deep venous thrombotic events (which we defined as types 2-4 EHIT plus deep vein thrombosis [DVT]), DVT, and pulmonary embolism (PE). Pooled proportions were calculated using random effects modelling. RESULTS We included 75 studies (23,265 patients). EHIT types 2 to 4 occurred in 1.27% of cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74%-1.93%). Deep venous thrombotic events occurred in 1.59% (95% CI, 0.95%-2.4%). DVT occurred in 0.28% (95% CI, 0.18%-0.4%). Pulmonary embolism occurred in 0.11% (95% CI, 0.06%-0.18%). Of the 75 studies, 24 gave a description of the management strategy and outcomes for EHIT and there was inconsistency regarding its management. Asymmetrical funnel plots of studies that reported incidence of EHIT 2 to 4 and DVT suggest publication bias. CONCLUSIONS The recently published guidelines on EHIT from the Society for Vascular Surgery/American Venous Forum provide a framework to direct clinical decision-making. EHIT and other thrombotic complications occur infrequently and have a benign course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donagh A Healy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Twyford
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, University of Limerick School of Medicine, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tony Moloney
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, University of Limerick School of Medicine, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Eamon G Kavanagh
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, University of Limerick School of Medicine, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an evidence-based overview of endovenous laser ablation and describe its role as an effective and durable technique for the management of superficial venous insufficiency. METHODS The published literature on the treatment of varicose veins using endovenous laser ablation was reviewed. The literature search focused on the history of endovenous laser ablation, its safety and durability, known complications, and differences in outcomes based on the iterations of fiber type and laser wavelength. RESULTS Treatment safety and efficacy of endovenous laser ablation appear to be based on the amount of energy administered over a defined distance, or the linear endovenous energy density. The ideal linear endovenous energy density varies with the laser wavelength and fiber-type. Post-operative pain and bruising may be reduced by the use of higher wavelength fibers or the use of radial or jacket-tip fibers as compared to bare-tip fibers. The incidence of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis remains low and has declined with increasing experience. Reports have demonstrated a greater than 90% technical success rate with saphenous endovenous laser ablation, long-term durability of ablation, and commensurate improvement in quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Endovenous laser ablation is a safe and durable treatment option for the management of incompetent superficial and perforator veins of the lower extremities. As an endothermal technology, it remains a key component of the standard of care for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lowell S Kabnick
- Atlantic Health, Morristown Medical Center, Kabnick Vein Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Mikel Sadek
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu W, Liu J, Yang H, Wang Z, Xia Y, Liu P, Zhu G. Application of the Trivex system in the treatment of primary severe superficial varicose veins of the lower extremity. J Interv Med 2019; 2:146-149. [PMID: 34805891 PMCID: PMC8562282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of the Trivex system in the treatment of primary severe superficial varicose veins of the lower extremity and compare Trivex to the point-form-stripping combined with foam sclerotherapy (FS). METHODS A total of 64 patients (35 females, 29 males; mean age, 57 ± 11 years [range, 29-79 years]) with primary severe superficial varicose veins of the lower extremity involving 64 legs were included between October 2015 and July 2019. The maximum diameter of the vein branches was >20 mm, which appeared to be cystic dilatation and forms large-scale in the crus or the thigh. All patients underwent high ligation and endovenous laser ablation or stripping of the trunk under general anesthesia. The surgical time, pain/phlebitis, number of incisions, amount of bleeding, recurrence of varicose vein, incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs), satisfaction score, and improvement in clinical symptoms were evaluated respectively with the patients in two groups: Group A, with patients who underwent treatment with the Trivex system, and Group B, patients who underwent treatment by point-form-stripping combined with FS. RESULTS All procedures were performed successfully. The average operative time in Group A was 56 ± 11 min, whereas that of Group B was 90 ± 33 min, which was a significant difference (p < 0.05). Group A patients felt little pain after surgery, whereas in Group B the level of pain peaked on postoperative day 30, mostly due to thrombophlebitis after FS. There was no recurrence of varicose vein was observed in any patient, however, there were some residual effects in Group B, including the amount of bleeding volume, in-hospital stays, pain/phlebitis, and number of incisions (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences with respect to SSIs, improvement in clinical symptoms, and satisfaction scores observed (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that patients benefited from both treatment options. However, primary severe superficial varicose veins of the lower extremity treated with the Trivex system suffered less pain with fewer incisions than severe branches treated with the point-form-stripping combined with foam sclerotherapy (FS). In summary, the Trivex system is a suitable treatment prior to point-form-stripping combined with foam sclerotherapy (FS) for those who demand a high level of appearance, and especially for young patients, the Trivex system is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshui Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, ShenZhen No.2 Hospital, ShenZhen, 518036, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, ShenZhen No.2 Hospital, ShenZhen, 518036, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, ShenZhen No.2 Hospital, ShenZhen, 518036, China
| | - Zuhui Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, ShenZhen No.2 Hospital, ShenZhen, 518036, China
| | - Yongdi Xia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, ShenZhen No.2 Hospital, ShenZhen, 518036, China
| | - Peijuan Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, ShenZhen No.2 Hospital, ShenZhen, 518036, China
| | - Guoxian Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, ShenZhen No.2 Hospital, ShenZhen, 518036, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Laser Uses in Noncoronary Arterial Disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 57:229-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
12
|
A Randomised Clinical Trial Comparing N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate, Radiofrequency Ablation and Endovenous Laser Ablation for the Treatment of Superficial Venous Incompetence: Two Year Follow up Results. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018; 56:553-560. [PMID: 30042039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare early and two year results for N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in the treatment of varicose veins. METHODS This was a randomised clinical trial. Five hundred and twenty five patients were blindly randomised into NBCA, RFA, and EVLT groups (175 patients to each group; block randomisation using sealed envelopes). Four hundred and fifty six patients were monitored for 2 years (ultrasound at 2 days, and 6, 12, and 24 months). The primary endpoint was the saphenous vein occlusion rates, and the secondary endpoints were peri- and post-procedural pain, complications, and time to return to work. No simultaneous phlebectomies were performed. RESULTS The numbers of patients lost to follow up were NBCA seven, RFA 26, and EVLA 36. Occlusion rates were similar at 6, 12, and 24 months (6 months [NBCA 98.1%, RFA 94.1%, and EVLA 95.1%, p = .14], 1 year [NBCA 94.7%, RFA 92.5%, and EVLA 94.2%, p = .72], 2 years [NBCA 92.6%, RFA 90.9%, and EVLA 91.5%, p = .89]). Peri-procedural pain was significantly lower after NBCA (p < .001), but complication rates (DVT, bleeding, and phlebitis) were similar. Time to return to work was shortest after NBCA (NBCA 1.04 days, RFA 1.56 days and EVLA 1.31 days (p < .001) with 95% (NBCA), 50% (RFA) and 75% (EVLA) of patients returning to work on Day 1. Pre-procedural venous clinical severity scores (VCSSs) were the same in all groups. A decrease was observed in VCSS values in all groups at 6 months, and this persisted at 1 and 2 years. However, VCSS scores at 6 months and 2 years were significantly lower in the NBCA group (p < .001). Foam sclerotherapy was subsequently applied to varicose tributaries in 18 patients from all groups. CONCLUSION No differences were observed in occlusion rates between the three modalities, but NBCA appeared superior with respect to peri-procedural pain, return to work and decreased VCSS.
Collapse
|