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Zhang Y, Su Y, Wang Z, Li T, Wang L, Ma D, Zhou M. TAK1 Reduces Surgery-induced Overactivation of RIPK1 to Relieve Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3073-3083. [PMID: 37329446 PMCID: PMC10471686 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical complication in elderly patients, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a key molecule mediating necroptosis and regulated by transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), was reported to be associated with cognitive impairment in several neurodegenerative diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the possible role of TAK1/RIPK1 signalling in POCD development following surgery in rats. METHODS Young (2-month-old) and old (24-month-old) Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to splenectomy under isoflurane anaesthesia. The young rats were treated with the TAK1 inhibitor takinib or the RIPK1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) before surgery, and old rats received adeno-associated virus (AAV)-TAK1 before surgery. The open field test and contextual fear conditioning test were conducted on postoperative day 3. The changes in TNF-α, pro-IL-1β, AP-1, NF-κB p65, pRIPK1, pTAK1 and TAK1 expression and astrocyte and microglia activation in the hippocampus were assessed. RESULTS Old rats had low TAK1 expression and were more susceptible to surgery-induced POCD and neuroinflammation than young rats. TAK1 inhibition exacerbated surgery-induced pRIPK1 expression, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in young rats, and this effect was reversed by a RIPK1 inhibitor. Conversely, genetic TAK1 overexpression attenuated surgery-induced pRIPK1 expression, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in old rats. CONCLUSION Ageing-related decreases in TAK1 expression may contribute to surgery-induced RIPK1 overactivation, resulting in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China
| | - Yang Su
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ziheng Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Teng Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Meiyan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, China.
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2
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Washington SE, Cler E, Lowery C, Stark SL. Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: A scoping review of functional performance and fall risk. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2023; 9:e12393. [PMID: 37228575 PMCID: PMC10203538 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs in aging adults with Down syndrome (DS) at a higher prevalence and an earlier age than in typical aging adults. As with the general aging adult population, there is an urgent need to understand the preclinical and early phases of AD progression in the adult population with DS. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize the current state of the evidence and identify gaps in the literature regarding functional activity performance and falls and their significance to disease staging (i.e., mild, moderate, and severe defined staging criteria) in relation to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in adults with DS. Methods This scoping review included six electronic databases (e.g., PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, COCHRANE Library, MEDLINE, and PubMed). Eligible studies included participants with DS ≥25 years of age, studies with functional measures and/or outcomes (e.g., activities of daily living, balance, gait, motor control, speech, behavior, and cognition; falls; and fall risks), and studies that investigated AD pathology and implications. Results Fourteen eligible studies were included and categorized through a thematic analysis into the following themes: (1) physical activity and motor coordination (PAMC), (2) cognition, (3) behavior, and (4) sleep. The studies indicated how functional activity performance and engagement may contribute to early identification of those at risk of cognitive decline and AD development and/or progression. Discussion There is a need to expand the research regarding ADRD pathology relative to functional outcomes in adults with DS. Functional measures related to disease staging and cognitive impairment are essential to understanding how AD progression is characterized within real-world settings. This scoping review identified the need for additional mixed-methods research to examine the use of assessment and intervention related to function and its detection of cognitive decline and AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena E. Washington
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational TherapySaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisUSA
| | - Emily Cler
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational TherapySaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisUSA
| | - Cameron Lowery
- Department of BiologyHarris Stowe State UniversitySt. LouisUSA
| | - Susan L. Stark
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. LouisProgram in Occupational TherapySt. LouisUSA
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3
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Ma S, Zhang N, Yang D, Wang L, Ye S, Zhang Q, Ruan J, Ma J, Wang S, Jiang N, Zhao Z, Zhao S, Zheng C, Fan X, Gong Y, Abdoul Razak MY, Hu W, Pan J, Wang X, Fan J, Li J, Liu R, Shentu Y. ChK1 activation induces reactive astrogliosis through CIP2A/PP2A/STAT3 pathway in Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22209. [PMID: 35195302 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101625r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), an endogenous PP2A inhibitor, is upregulated and causes reactive astrogliosis, synaptic degeneration, and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism underlying the increased CIP2A expression in AD brains remains unclear. We here demonstrated that the DNA damage-related Checkpoint kinase 1 (ChK1) is activated in AD human brains and 3xTg-AD mice. ChK1-mediated CIP2A overexpression drives inhibition of PP2A and activates STAT3, then leads to reactive astrogliosis and neurodegeneration in vitro. Infection of mouse brain with GFAP-ChK1-AAV induced AD-like cognitive deficits and exacerbated AD pathologies in vivo. In conclusion, we showed that ChK1 activation induces reactive astrogliosis, degeneration of neurons, and exacerbation of AD through the CIP2A-PP2A-STAT3 pathway, and inhibiting ChK1 may be a potential therapeutic approach for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Shuqing Ma
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Simin Ye
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Ruan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | | | - Chenfei Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mahaman Yacoubou Abdoul Razak
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenting Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Key Laboratory of Critical Emergency and Artificial Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junming Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangping Shentu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Critical Emergency and Artificial Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
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Acid-Sensing Ion Channels in Glial Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020119. [PMID: 35207041 PMCID: PMC8878633 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels and key mediators of responses to neuronal injury. ASICs exhibit unique patterns of distribution in the brain, with high expression in neurons and low expression in glial cells. While there has been a lot of focus on ASIC in neurons, less is known about the roles of ASICs in glial cells. ASIC1a is expressed in astrocytes and might contribute to synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation. In oligodendrocytes, constitutive activation of ASIC1a participates in demyelinating diseases. ASIC1a, ASIC2a, and ASIC3, found in microglial cells, could mediate the inflammatory response. Under pathological conditions, ASIC dysregulation in glial cells can contribute to disease states. For example, activation of astrocytic ASIC1a may worsen neurodegeneration and glioma staging, activation of microglial ASIC1a and ASIC2a may perpetuate ischemia and inflammation, while oligodendrocytic ASIC1a might be involved in multiple sclerosis. This review concentrates on the unique ASIC components in each of the glial cells and integrates these glial-specific ASICs with their physiological and pathological conditions. Such knowledge provides promising evidence for targeting of ASICs in individual glial cells as a therapeutic strategy for a diverse range of conditions.
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5
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Tau and amyloid beta differentially affect the innate immune genes expression in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease and β- D Mannuronic acid (M2000) modulates the dysregulation. Gene 2022; 808:145972. [PMID: 34600048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and neuroinflammation is considered as one of the main culprits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent role of Aβ42 and tau on the inflammatory pathway in the Drosophila models of AD and investigating the potential modulating effect of M2000 as a novel NSAIDs in those flies. The expression levels of relish, orthologs of NF-κB, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) including attacin A, diptericin B and a dual oxidase (Duox) as a ROS mediator, were evaluated in both M2000 treated and untreated groups followed by brain histology analysis to assess the extent of neurodegeneration. The potential inhibitory role of M2000 (β-D Mannuronic acid) on the aggregation of tau protein was also investigated in vitro. According to the result, there was a significant induction of Duox, AMPs and its transcription factor expression in both aged and Drosophila models of AD which was in accordance with the increase in the number of vacuoles in the brain section of Drosophila models of AD. Interestingly M2000 treatment revealed a significant reduction in all neurodegeneration indexes; in vivo and anti-aggregating property; in vitro. Findings suggest that M2000 has potential to be an AD therapeutic agent.
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6
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Mantle D, Heaton RA, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10, Ageing and the Nervous System: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:2. [PMID: 35052506 PMCID: PMC8773271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing brain is characterised by changes at the physical, histological, biochemical and physiological levels. This ageing process is associated with an increased risk of developing a number of neurological disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of such disorders. In this article, we review the potential therapeutic role in these age-related neurological disorders of supplementary coenzyme Q10, a vitamin-like substance of vital importance for normal mitochondrial function and as an antioxidant. This review is concerned primarily with studies in humans rather than in vitro studies or studies in animal models of neurological disease. In particular, the reasons why the outcomes of clinical trials supplementing coenzyme Q10 in these neurological disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A. Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (R.A.H.); (I.P.H.)
| | - Iain P. Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (R.A.H.); (I.P.H.)
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7
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Yuan M, Wang Y, Wang S, Huang Z, Jin F, Zou Q, Li J, Pu Y, Cai Z. Bioenergetic Impairment in the Neuro-Glia-Vascular Unit: An Emerging Physiopathology during Aging. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2080-2095. [PMID: 34881087 PMCID: PMC8612602 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging concept termed the "neuro-glia-vascular unit" (NGVU) has been established in recent years to understand the complicated mechanism of multicellular interactions among vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. It has been proverbially reported that the NGVU is significantly associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Physiological aging is an inevitable progression associated with oxidative damage, bioenergetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, which is partially similar to the pathology of AD. Thus, senescence is regarded as the background for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. With the exacerbation of global aging, senescence is an increasingly serious problem in the medical field. In this review, the coupling of each component, including neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, in the NGVU is described in detail. Then, various mechanisms of age-dependent impairment in each part of the NGVU are discussed. Moreover, the potential bioenergetic alterations between different cell types in the NGVU are highlighted, which seems to be an emerging physiopathology associated with the aged brain. Bioenergetic intervention in the NGVU may be a new direction for studies on delaying or diminishing aging in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Yuan
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,4Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,4Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenting Huang
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zou
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,2Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China.,4Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Ma W, Yang JW, Wang XB, Luo T, Zhou L, Lagares A, Li H, Liang Z, Liu KP, Zang CH, Li CY, Wu Z, Guo JH, Zhou XF, Li LY. Negative regulation by proBDNF signaling of peripheral neurogenesis in the sensory ganglia of adult rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112273. [PMID: 34700232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the adult brain is well recognized and plays a critical role in the maintenance of brain function and homeostasis. However, whether neurogenesis also occurs in the adult peripheral nervous system remains unknown. Here, using sensory ganglia (dorsal root ganglia, DRGs) as a model, we show that neurogenesis also occurs in the peripheral nervous system, but in a manner different from that in the central nervous system. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) express the neuronal precursor markers Nestin, POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 1, and p75 pan-neurotrophin receptor. Following sciatic nerve injury, the suppression of endogenous proBDNF by proBDNF antibodies resulted in the transformation of proliferating SGCs into doublecortin-positive cells in the DRGs. Using purified SGCs migrating out from the DRGs, the inhibition of endogenous proBDNF promoted the conversion of SGCs into neuronal phenotypes in vitro. Our findings suggest that SGCs are neuronal precursors, and that proBDNF maintains the SGC phenotype. Furthermore, the suppression of proBDNF signaling is necessary for neuronal phenotype acquisition by SGCs. Thus, we propose that peripheral neurogenesis may occur via the direct conversion of SGCs into neurons, and that this process is negatively regulated by proBDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-Wei Yang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xian-Bin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Medical college of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine of Yunnan Province, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hongyun Li
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Zhang Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Kuang-Pin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Zang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian-Hui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
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9
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van Weperen VYH, Vos MA, Ajijola OA. Autonomic modulation of ventricular electrical activity: recent developments and clinical implications. Clin Auton Res 2021; 31:659-676. [PMID: 34591191 PMCID: PMC8629778 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-021-00823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to provide a complete overview of the current stance and recent developments in antiarrhythmic neuromodulatory interventions, focusing on lifethreatening vetricular arrhythmias. METHODS Both preclinical studies and clinical studies were assessed to highlight the gaps in knowledge that remain to be answered and the necessary steps required to properly translate these strategies to the clinical setting. RESULTS Cardiac autonomic imbalance, characterized by chronic sympathoexcitation and parasympathetic withdrawal, destabilizes cardiac electrophysiology and promotes ventricular arrhythmogenesis. Therefore, neuromodulatory interventions that target the sympatho-vagal imbalance have emerged as promising antiarrhythmic strategies. These strategies are aimed at different parts of the cardiac neuraxis and directly or indirectly restore cardiac autonomic tone. These interventions include pharmacological blockade of sympathetic neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, cardiac sympathetic denervation, thoracic epidural anesthesia, and spinal cord and vagal nerve stimulation. CONCLUSION Neuromodulatory strategies have repeatedly been demonstrated to be highly effective and very promising anti-arrhythmic therapies. Nevertheless, there is still much room to gain in our understanding of neurocardiac physiology, refining the current neuromodulatory strategic options and elucidating the chronic effects of many of these strategic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Y H van Weperen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA.
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10
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Achour M, Ferdousi F, Sasaki K, Isoda H. Luteolin Modulates Neural Stem Cells Fate Determination: In vitro Study on Human Neural Stem Cells, and in vivo Study on LPS-Induced Depression Mice Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:753279. [PMID: 34790666 PMCID: PMC8591246 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.753279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a natural flavone with neurotrophic effects observed on different neuronal cell lines. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of luteolin on hNSCs fate determination and the LPS-induced neuroinflammation in a mouse model of depression with astrocytogenesis defect. hNSCs were cultured in basal cell culture medium (control) or medium supplemented with luteolin or AICAR, a known inducer of astrogenesis. A whole-genome transcriptomic analysis showed that luteolin upregulated the expressions of genes related to neurotrophin, dopaminergic, hippo, and Wnt signaling pathways, and downregulated the genes involved in p53, TNF, FOXO, and Notch signaling pathways. We also found that astrocyte-specific gene GFAP, as well as other genes of the key signaling pathways involved in astrogenesis such as Wnt, BMP, and JAK-STAT pathways were upregulated in luteolin-treated hNSCs. On the other hand, neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis-related genes, TUBB3, NEUROD 1 and 6, and MBP, were downregulated in luteolin-treated hNSCs. Furthermore, immunostaining showed that percentages of GFAP+ cells were significantly higher in luteolin- and AICAR-treated hNSCs compared to control hNSCs. Additionally, RT-qPCR results showed that luteolin upregulated the expressions of GFAP, BMP2, and STAT3, whereas the expression of TUBB3 remained unchanged. Next, we evaluated the effects of luteolin in LPS-induced mice model of depression that represents defects in astrocytogenesis. We found that oral administration of luteolin (10 mg/Kg) for eight consecutive days could decrease the immobility time on tail suspension test, a mouse behavioral test measuring depression-like behavior, and attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory responses by significantly decreasing IL-6 production in mice brain-derived astrocytes and serum, and TNFα and corticosterone levels in serum. Luteolin treatment also significantly increased mature BDNF, dopamine, and noradrenaline levels in the hypothalamus of LPS-induced depression mice. Though the behavioral effects of luteolin did not reach statistical significance, global gene expression analyses of mice hippocampus and brain-derived NSCs highlighted the modulatory effects of luteolin on different signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Altogether, our findings suggest an astrocytogenic potential of luteolin and its possible therapeutic benefits in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, further studies are required to identify the specific mechanism of action of luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Achour
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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11
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Necroptosis increases with age in the brain and contributes to age-related neuroinflammation. GeroScience 2021; 43:2345-2361. [PMID: 34515928 PMCID: PMC8599532 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), termed neuroinflammation, is a hallmark of aging and a proposed mediator of cognitive decline associated with aging. Neuroinflammation is characterized by the persistent activation of microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, with damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) being one of the well-known activators of microglia. Because necroptosis is a cell death pathway that induces inflammation through the release of DAMPs, we hypothesized that an age-associated increase in necroptosis contributes to increased neuroinflammation with age. The marker of necroptosis, phosphorylated form of MLKL (P-MLKL), and kinases in the necroptosis pathway (RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL) showed a region-specific increase in the brain with age, specifically in the cortex layer V and the CA3 region of the hippocampus of mice. Similarly, MLKL-oligomers, which cause membrane binding and permeabilization, were significantly increased in the cortex and hippocampus of old mice relative to young mice. Nearly 70 to 80% of P-MLKL immunoreactivity was localized to neurons and less than 10% was localized to microglia, whereas no P-MLKL was detected in astrocytes. P-MLKL expression in neurons was detected in the soma, not in the processes. Blocking necroptosis using Mlkl−/− mice reduced markers of neuroinflammation (Iba-1 and GFAP) in the brains of old mice, and short-term treatment with the necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1s, reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-1β, in the hippocampus of old mice. Thus, our data demonstrate for the first time that brain necroptosis increases with age and contributes to age-related neuroinflammation in mice.
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12
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Debarba LK, Jayarathne HSM, Miller RA, Garratt M, Sadagurski M. 17-a-estradiol has sex-specific effects on neuroinflammation that are partly reversed by gonadectomy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:66-74. [PMID: 34309657 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
17-α-estradiol (17aE2) treatment from 4-months of age extends lifespan in male mice and can reduce neuroinflammatory responses in the hypothalamus of 12-month-old males. Although 17aE2 improves longevity in males, female mice are unaffected, suggesting a sexually dimorphic pattern of lifespan regulation. We tested whether the sex-specific effects of 17aE2 on neuroinflammatory responses are affected by gonadal removal and whether hypothalamic changes extend to other brain regions in old age. We show that sex-specific effects of 17aE2 on age-associated gliosis are brain region-specific and are partially dependent on gonadectomy. 17aE2 treatment started at 4 months of age protected 25-month-old males from hypothalamic inflammation. Castration before 17aE2 exposure reduced the effect of 17aE2 on hypothalamic astrogliosis in males. By contrast, sex-specific inhibition of microgliosis generated by 17aE2 was not significantly affected by castration. In the hippocampus, gonadectomy influenced the severity of gliosis and the responsiveness to 17aE2 in a region-dependent manner. The male-specific effects of 17aE2 correlate with increases in hypothalamic ERα expression, specifically in gonadally intact males, consistent with the idea that 17aE2 might act through this receptor. Our results indicate that neuroinflammatory responses to 17aE2 are partially controlled by the presence of sex-specific gonads. Loss of gonadal function and age-associated neuroinflammation could, therefore, influence late-life health and disease onset, leading to sexual dimorphism in both aging and in response to drugs that modify the pace of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas K Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, MI
| | - Hashan S M Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, MI
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michael Garratt
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, NZ
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, MI
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13
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Annexin A3 as a Marker Protein for Microglia in the Central Nervous System of Rats. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:5575090. [PMID: 34221002 PMCID: PMC8211522 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5575090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The parenchymal microglia possess different morphological characteristics in cerebral physiological and pathological conditions; thus, visualizing these cells is useful as a means of further investigating parenchymal microglial function. Annexin A3 (ANXA3) is expressed in microglia, but it is unknown whether it can be used as a marker protein for microglia and its physiological function. Here, we compared the distribution and morphology of parenchymal microglia labeled by ANXA3, cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b), and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and measured the expression of ANXA3 in nonparenchymal macrophages (meningeal and perivascular macrophages). We also investigated the spatiotemporal expression of ANXA3, CD11b, and Iba1 in vivo and in vitro and the cellular function of ANXA3 in microglia. We demonstrated that ANXA3-positive cells were abundant and evenly distributed throughout the whole brain tissue and spinal cord of adult rats. The morphology and distribution of ANXA3-labeled microglia were quite similar to those labeled by the microglial-specific markers CD11b and Iba1 in the central nervous system (CNS). ANXA3 was expressed in the cytoplasm of microglia, and its expression was significantly increased in activated microglia. ANXA3 was almost undetectable in the nonparenchymal macrophages. Meanwhile, the protein and mRNA expression levels of ANXA3 in different regions of the CNS were different from those of CD11b and Iba1. Moreover, knockdown of ANXA3 inhibited the proliferation and migration of microglia, while overexpression of ANXA3 enhanced these activities. This study confirms that ANXA3 may be a novel marker for parenchymal microglia in the CNS of adult rats and enriches our understanding of ANXA3 from expression patterns to physiological function.
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14
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Lin X, Zhan J, Jiang J, Ren Y. Upregulation of Neuronal Cylindromatosis Expression is Essential for Electroacupuncture-Mediated Alleviation of Neuroinflammatory Injury by Regulating Microglial Polarization in Rats Subjected to Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2061-2078. [PMID: 34045881 PMCID: PMC8149215 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s307841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activated microglia are polarized into the M1 or M2 phenotype. We previously reported that electroacupuncture (EA) effectively prevented nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and improved neuronal C-X-C motif 3 chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) expression, repressing microglial activation by upregulating neuronal cylindromatosis (CYLD) expression in the periischemic cortex. However, the potential mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, we explored whether EA improved CYLD protein expression to regulate microglial polarization-mediated neuroinflammation and the potential mechanisms in an ischemic stroke model. Methods A middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were treated with EA at the Baihui, Hegu and Taichong acupoints once daily beginning 2 h after focal cerebral ischemia. CYLD gene interference was used to investigate the role of CYLD in microglial polarization. We used neurobehavioral evaluations and TTC staining to examine the neuroprotective effect of EA via CYLD upregulation. Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR were used to measure NLRP3 activation, M1/M2 microglial activation, pro-/anti-inflammatory gene mRNA expression and crosstalk (CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis) between neurons and microglia. Western blotting was used to assess the underlying molecular mechanism. Results CYLD inhibited M1 microglial activation and improved M2 microglial activation after 72 h of reperfusion. CYLD overexpression decreased the NLRP3 mRNA level. CYLD suppressed microglial overactivation by inhibiting NLRP3 activation. CYLD gene silencing partially weakened EA improvement of neurological function deficits and reduction of infarct volumes after 72 h reperfusion. In addition, EA inhibited M1-like phenotypic microglial activation and promoted M2-like phenotypic microglia through upregulating CYLD expression. Finally, EA-mediated modulation of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and NLRP3 inflammasome was reversed by CYLD gene silencing in the periischemic cortex. Conclusion EA-induced upregulation of neuronal CYLD expression plays anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles and regulates the interaction between neurons and microglia, thereby suppressing M1 and improving M2 microglial activation in the periischemic cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin
- Department of Biological Immunotherapy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikun Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
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15
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Interleukin-33 modulates lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response in rat primary astrocytes. Neuroreport 2021; 32:694-701. [PMID: 33913926 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes have a crucial role in the modulation of the neuroinflammatory response. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully defined. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is constitutively expressed in astrocytes, which has been found to orchestrate inflammatory responses in a large variety of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system. Thus, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential effect of IL-33 in the regulation of inflammatory response in primary cultured astrocytes. We investigated the role of IL-33 in the regulation of inflammatory responses in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes. This study utilized lentiviral short hairpin RNA vectors to target IL-33 (LV-shIL-33) for gene silencing. After lipopolysaccharide stimulation, the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, were evaluated to elucidate the mechanisms related to the contributions of IL-33 to the inflammatory response in astrocytes. We found that the expression IL-33 has increased in rat primary cultured astrocytes after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Administration of LV-shIL-33 knocked down the expression of IL-33 and markedly reduced the overexpression of spinal IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and attenuated the activation of ERK and NF-κB/p65. This study shows that IL-33 participates in regulating inflammatory responses in primary cultured astrocytes, which might provide additional targets for controlling inflammatory responses following neurological diseases. See Video abstract, http://links.lww.com/WNR/A627.
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16
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Region-specific vulnerability in neurodegeneration: lessons from normal ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101311. [PMID: 33639280 PMCID: PMC8024744 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Why neurodegenerative disease pathology is regionally restricted remains elusive. Regions selectively prone to neurodegeneration are also vulnerable to normal ageing. Nervous system tissue, cellular and molecular ageing may determine regional vulnerability. Differential ageing can conceptually extend from an individual to subcellular scale. An understanding of region-specific vulnerability might guide therapeutic advances.
A number of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), possess a shared characteristic of region-specific neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms which determine why particular regions within the nervous system are selectively vulnerable to neurodegeneration, whilst others remain relatively unaffected throughout disease progression, remain elusive. Here, we review how regional susceptibility to the ubiquitous physiological phenomenon of normal ageing might underlie the vulnerability of these same regions to neurodegeneration, highlighting three regions archetypally associated with AD, PD and ALS (the hippocampus, substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral spinal cord, respectively), as especially prone to age-related alterations. Placing particular emphasis on these three regions, we comprehensively explore differential regional susceptibility to nervous system tissue, cellular and molecular level ageing to provide an integrated perspective on why age-related neurodegenerative diseases exhibit region-selective vulnerability. Combining these principles with increasingly recognised differences between chronological and biological ageing (termed differential or ‘delta’ ageing) might ultimately guide therapeutic approaches for these devastating neurodegenerative diseases, for which a paucity of disease modifying and/or life promoting treatments currently exist.
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17
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de Siqueira Mendes FDCC, Paixão LTVB, Diniz DG, Anthony DC, Brites D, Diniz CWP, Sosthenes MCK. Sedentary Life and Reduced Mastication Impair Spatial Learning and Memory and Differentially Affect Dentate Gyrus Astrocyte Subtypes in the Aged Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:632216. [PMID: 33935629 PMCID: PMC8081835 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.632216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the impact of reduced mastication and a sedentary lifestyle on spatial learning and memory in the aged mice, as well as on the morphology of astrocytes in the molecular layer of dentate gyrus (MolDG), different masticatory regimens were imposed. Control mice received a pellet-type hard diet, while the reduced masticatory activity group received a pellet diet followed by a powdered diet, and the masticatory rehabilitation group received a pellet diet, followed by powder diet and then a pellet again. To mimic sedentary or active lifestyles, mice were housed in an impoverished environment of standard cages or in an enriched environment. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) test showed that masticatory-deprived group, regardless of environment, was not able to learn and remember the hidden platform location, but masticatory rehabilitation combined with enriched environment recovered such disabilities. Microscopic three-dimensional reconstructions of 1,800 glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunolabeled astrocytes from the external third of the MolDG were generated using a stereological systematic and random sampling approach. Hierarchical cluster analysis allowed the characterization into two main groups of astrocytes with greater and lower morphological complexities, respectively, AST1 and AST2. When compared to compared to the hard diet group subjected to impoverished environment, deprived animals maintained in the same environment for 6 months showed remarkable shrinkage of astrocyte branches. However, the long-term environmental enrichment (18-month-old) applied to the deprived group reversed the shrinkage effect, with significant increase in the morphological complexity of AST1 and AST2, when in an impoverished or enriched environment. During housing under enriched environment, complexity of branches of AST1 and AST2 was reduced by the powder diet (pellet followed by powder regimes) in young but not in old mice, where it was reversed by pellet diet (pellet followed by powder and pellet regime again). The same was not true for mice housed under impoverished environment. Interestingly, we were unable to find any correlation between MWM data and astrocyte morphological changes. Our findings indicate that both young and aged mice subjected to environmental enrichment, and under normal or rehabilitated masticatory activity, preserve spatial learning and memory. Nonetheless, data suggest that an impoverished environment and reduced mastication synergize to aggravate age-related cognitive decline; however, the association with morphological diversity of AST1 and AST2 at the MolDG requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira Mendes
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luisa Taynah Vasconcelos Barbosa Paixão
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Brazil
| | - Daniel Clive Anthony
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcia Consentino Kronka Sosthenes
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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18
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Nazareth L, St John J, Murtaza M, Ekberg J. Phagocytosis by Peripheral Glia: Importance for Nervous System Functions and Implications in Injury and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660259. [PMID: 33898462 PMCID: PMC8060502 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has very limited capacity to regenerate after traumatic injury or disease. In contrast, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has far greater capacity for regeneration. This difference can be partly attributed to variances in glial-mediated functions, such as axon guidance, structural support, secretion of growth factors and phagocytic activity. Due to their growth-promoting characteristic, transplantation of PNS glia has been trialed for neural repair. After peripheral nerve injuries, Schwann cells (SCs, the main PNS glia) phagocytose myelin debris and attract macrophages to the injury site to aid in debris clearance. One peripheral nerve, the olfactory nerve, is unique in that it continuously regenerates throughout life. The olfactory nerve glia, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), are the primary phagocytes within this nerve, continuously clearing axonal debris arising from the normal regeneration of the nerve and after injury. In contrast to SCs, OECs do not appear to attract macrophages. SCs and OECs also respond to and phagocytose bacteria, a function likely critical for tackling microbial invasion of the CNS via peripheral nerves. However, phagocytosis is not always effective; inflammation, aging and/or genetic factors may contribute to compromised phagocytic activity. Here, we highlight the diverse roles of SCs and OECs with the focus on their phagocytic activity under physiological and pathological conditions. We also explore why understanding the contribution of peripheral glia phagocytosis may provide us with translational strategies for achieving axonal regeneration of the injured nervous system and potentially for the treatment of certain neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Nazareth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - James St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariyam Murtaza
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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19
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Kimura T, Toriuchi K, Kakita H, Tamura T, Takeshita S, Yamada Y, Aoyama M. Hypothermia Attenuates Neuronal Damage via Inhibition of Microglial Activation, Including Suppression of Microglial Cytokine Production and Phagocytosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:459-468. [PMID: 32382852 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although therapeutic hypothermia (TH) provides neuroprotection, the cellular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of TH has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of TH on microglial activation to determine whether hypothermia attenuates neuronal damage via microglial activation. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, BV-2 microglia cells were cultured under normothermic (37 °C) or hypothermic (33.5 °C) conditions. Under hypothermic conditions, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was suppressed. In addition, phagocytosis of latex beads was significantly suppressed in BV-2 cells under hypothermic conditions. Moreover, nuclear factor-κB signaling was inhibited under hypothermic conditions. Finally, neuronal damage was attenuated following LPS stimulation in neurons co-cultured with BV-2 cells under hypothermic conditions. In conclusion, hypothermia attenuates neuronal damage via inhibition of microglial activation, including microglial iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and phagocytic activity. Investigating the mechanism of microglial activation regulation under hypothermic conditions could contribute to the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Kimura
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Mizohoku Tanabedori, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kohki Toriuchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Mizohoku Tanabedori, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakita
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Mizohoku Tanabedori, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako, Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-0001, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeshita
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Mizohoku Tanabedori, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako, Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Yamada
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako, Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Mizohoku Tanabedori, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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20
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Duggan MR, Mohseni Ahooyi T, Parikh V, Khalili K. Neuromodulation of BAG co-chaperones by HIV-1 viral proteins and H 2O 2: implications for HIV-associated neurological disorders. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:60. [PMID: 33771978 PMCID: PMC7997901 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing numbers of aged individuals living with HIV, the mechanisms underlying HIV-associated neurological disorders (HANDs) remain elusive. As HIV-1 pathogenesis and aging are characterized by oxidative stress as well as altered protein quality control (PQC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) themselves might constitute a molecular mediator of neuronal PQC by modulating BCL-2 associated athanogene (BAG) family members. Present results reveal H2O2 replicated and exacerbated a reduction in neuronal BAG3 induced by the expression of HIV-1 viral proteins (i.e., Tat and Nef), while also causing an upregulation of BAG1. Such a reciprocal regulation of BAG3 and BAG1 levels was also indicated in two animal models of HIV, the doxycycline-inducible Tat (iTat) and the Tg26 mouse. Inhibiting oxidative stress via antioxidants in primary culture was capable of partially preserving neuronal BAG3 levels as well as electrophysiological functioning otherwise altered by HIV-1 viral proteins. Current findings indicate HIV-1 viral proteins and H2O2 may mediate neuronal PQC by exerting synergistic effects on complementary BAG family members, and suggest novel therapeutic targets for the aging HIV-1 population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duggan
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts at Temple University, 1701 N 13th Street, 9th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts at Temple University, 1701 N 13th Street, 9th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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21
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Bennett HC, Kim Y. Pericytes Across the Lifetime in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:627291. [PMID: 33776651 PMCID: PMC7994897 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.627291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pericyte is a perivascular cell type that encapsulates the microvasculature of the brain and spinal cord. Pericytes play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and have a multitude of important functions in the brain. Recent evidence indicates that pericyte impairment has been implicated in neurovascular pathology associated with various human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and stroke. Although the pericyte is essential for normal brain function, knowledge about its developmental trajectory and anatomical distribution is limited. This review article summarizes the scientific community's current understanding of pericytes' regional heterogeneity in the brain and their changes during major life stages. More specifically, this review article focuses on pericyte differentiation and migration during brain development, regional population differences in the adult brain, and changes during normal and pathological aging. Most of what is known about pericytes come from studies of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Therefore, we highlight the need to expand our understanding of pericyte distribution and function in the whole brain to better delineate this cell type's role in the normal brain and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Bennett
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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22
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Scarante FF, Ribeiro MA, Almeida-Santos AF, Guimarães FS, Campos AC. Glial Cells and Their Contribution to the Mechanisms of Action of Cannabidiol in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:618065. [PMID: 33613284 PMCID: PMC7890128 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.618065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid with a broad-range of therapeutic potential in several conditions, including neurological (epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic and ischemic brain injuries) and psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, addiction, major depressive disorder, and anxiety). The pharmacological mechanisms responsible for these effects are still unclear, and more than 60 potential molecular targets have been described. Regarding neuropsychiatric disorders, most studies investigating these mechanisms have focused on neuronal cells. However, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia) also play a crucial role in keeping the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Changes in glial functions have been associated with neuropathological conditions, including those for which CBD is proposed to be useful. Mostly in vitro studies have indicated that CBD modulate the activation of proinflammatory pathways, energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and the proliferative rate of glial cells. Likewise, some of the molecular targets proposed for CBD actions are f expressed in glial cells, including pharmacological receptors such as CB1, CB2, PPAR-γ, and 5-HT1A. In the present review, we discuss the currently available evidence suggesting that part of the CBD effects are mediated by interference with glial cell function. We also propose additional studies that need to be performed to unveil the contribution of glial cells to CBD effects in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele F. Scarante
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Melissa A. Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana F. Almeida-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alline C. Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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23
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Carrera J, Tomberlin J, Kurtz J, Karakaya E, Bostanciklioglu M, Albayram O. Endocannabinoid Signaling for GABAergic-Microglia (Mis)Communication in the Brain Aging. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:606808. [PMID: 33613174 PMCID: PMC7887316 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.606808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging brain seems to be characterized by neuronal loss leading to cognitive decline and progressively worsening symptoms related to neurodegeneration. Also, pro-inflammatory states, if prolonged, may increase neuronal vulnerability via excessive activation of microglia and their pro-inflammatory by-products, which is seen as individuals increase in age. Consequently, microglial activity is tightly regulated by neuron-microglia communications. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is emerging as a regulator of microglia and the neuronal-microglia communication system. Recently, it has been demonstrated that cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor signaling on GABAergic interneurons plays a crucial role in regulating microglial activity. Interestingly, if endocannabinoid signaling on GABAergic neurons are disturbed, the phenotypes mimic central nervous system insult models by activating microglia and leading to accelerated brain aging. Investigating the endocannabinoid receptors, ligands, and genetic deletions yields the potential to understand the communication system and mechanism by which the ECS regulates glial cells and aspects of aging. While there remains much to discover with the ECS, the information gathered and identified already could lead to the development of cell-specific therapeutic interventions that help in reducing the effects of age-related pro-inflammatory states and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Carrera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jensen Tomberlin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - John Kurtz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eda Karakaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | - Onder Albayram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
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24
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Fernández-Mendívil C, Luengo E, Trigo-Alonso P, García-Magro N, Negredo P, López MG. Protective role of microglial HO-1 blockade in aging: Implication of iron metabolism. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101789. [PMID: 33212416 PMCID: PMC7680814 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible enzyme known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. However, increased expression of HO-1 during aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases have been associated to neurotoxic ferric iron deposits. Being microglia responsible for the brain's innate immune response, the aim of this study was to understand the role of microglial HO-1 under inflammatory conditions in aged mice. For this purpose, aged wild type (WT) and LysMCreHmox1△△ (HMOX1M-KO) mice that lack HO-1 in microglial cells, were used. Aged WT mice showed higher basal expression levels of microglial HO-1 in the brain than adult mice. This increase was even higher when exposed to an inflammatory stimulus (LPS via i.p.) and was accompanied by alterations in different iron-related metabolism proteins, resulting in an increase of iron deposits, oxidative stress, ferroptosis and cognitive decline. Furthermore, microglia exhibited a primed phenotype and increased levels of inflammatory markers such as iNOS, p65, IL-1β, TNF-α, Caspase-1 and NLRP3. Interestingly, all these alterations were prevented in aged HMOX1M-KO and WT mice treated with the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPPIX. In order to determine the effects of microglial HO-1-dependent iron overload, aged WT mice were treated with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFX). DFX caused major improvements in iron, inflammatory and behavioral alterations found in aged mice exposed to LPS. In conclusion, this study highlights how microglial HO-1 overexpression contributes to neurotoxic iron accumulation providing deleterious effects in aged mice exposed to an inflammatory insult. Microglial HO-1 increases with aging and under an acute inflammatory stimulus. LPS-dependent microglial HO-1 upregulation during aging leads to iron overload. Microglial HO-1-dependent iron accumulation leads to ferroptosis. HO-1-dependent iron alterations lead to neuroinflammation. HO-1 inhibitors/iron chelators reduce iron accumulation and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fernández-Mendívil
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery. Department of Pharmacology. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma Madrid. Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Luengo
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery. Department of Pharmacology. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma Madrid. Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Trigo-Alonso
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery. Department of Pharmacology. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma Madrid. Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria García-Magro
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Negredo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery. Department of Pharmacology. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma Madrid. Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Skariah G, Todd PK. Translational control in aging and neurodegeneration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1628. [PMID: 32954679 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein metabolism plays central roles in age-related decline and neurodegeneration. While a large body of research has explored age-related changes in protein degradation, alterations in the efficiency and fidelity of protein synthesis with aging are less well understood. Age-associated changes occur in both the protein synthetic machinery (ribosomal proteins and rRNA) and within regulatory factors controlling translation. At the same time, many of the interventions that prolong lifespan do so in part by pre-emptively decreasing protein synthesis rates to allow better harmonization to age-related declines in protein catabolism. Here we review the roles of translation regulation in aging, with a specific focus on factors implicated in age-related neurodegeneration. We discuss how emerging technologies such as ribosome profiling and superior mass spectrometric approaches are illuminating age-dependent mRNA-specific changes in translation rates across tissues to reveal a critical interplay between catabolic and anabolic pathways that likely contribute to functional decline. These new findings point to nodes in posttranscriptional gene regulation that both contribute to aging and offer targets for therapy. This article is categorized under: Translation > Translation Regulation Translation > Ribosome Biogenesis Translation > Translation Mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geena Skariah
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter K Todd
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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26
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Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell secretome repairs the brain of Alzheimer's mice. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:203-218. [PMID: 32704089 PMCID: PMC7852675 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiplicity of systems affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains calls for multi-target therapies. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates, their clinical application is limited because of risks related to their direct implantation in the host. This could be overcome by exploiting their paracrine action. We herein demonstrate that in vivo systemic administration of secretome collected from MSC exposed in vitro to AD mouse brain homogenates (MSC-CS), fully replicates the cell-mediated neuroreparative effects in APP/PS1 AD mice. We found a complete but transient memory recovery by 7 days, which vanished by 14 days, after a single MSC-CS intravenous administration in 12-month or 22-24-month-old mice. Treatment significantly reduced plaque load, microglia activation, and expression of cytokines in astrocytes in younger, but not aged, mice at 7 days. To optimize efficacy, we established a sustained treatment protocol in aged mice through intranasal route. Once-weekly intranasal administration of MSC-CS induced persistent memory recovery, with dramatic reduction of plaques surrounded by a lower density of β-amyloid oligomers. Gliosis and the phagocytic marker CD68 were decreased. We found a higher neuronal density in cortex and hippocampus, associated with a reduction in hippocampal shrinkage and a longer lifespan indicating healthier conditions of MSC-CS-treated compared to vehicle-treated APP/PS1 mice. Our data prove that MSC-CS displays a great multi-level therapeutic potential, and lay the foundation for identifying the therapeutic secretome bioreactors leading to the development of an efficacious multi-reparative cocktail drug, towards abrogating the need for MSC implantation and risks related to their direct use.
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27
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Neuroinflammation in Aged Brain: Impact of the Oral Administration of Ellagic Acid Microdispersion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103631. [PMID: 32455600 PMCID: PMC7279224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system and the central nervous system message each other to preserving central homeostasis. Both systems undergo changes during aging that determine central age-related defects. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural product which is beneficial in both peripheral and central diseases, including aging. We analyzed the impact of the oral administration of a new oral ellagic acid micro-dispersion (EAm), that largely increased the EA solubility, in young and old mice. Oral EAm did not modify animal weight and behavioral skills in young and old mice, but significantly recovered changes in "ex-vivo, in vitro" parameters in old animals. Cortical noradrenaline exocytosis decreased in aged mice. EAm administration did not modify noradrenaline overflow in young animals, but recovered it in old mice. Furthermore, GFAP staining was increased in the cortex of aged mice, while IBA-1 and CD45 immunopositivities were unchanged when compared to young ones. EAm treatment significantly reduced CD45 signal in both young and old cortical lysates; it diminished GFAP immunopositivity in young mice, but failed to affect IBA-1 expression in both young and old animals. Finally, EAm treatment significantly reduced IL1beta expression in old mice. These results suggest that EAm is beneficial to aging and represents a nutraceutical ingredient for elders.
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28
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Rao CV, Asch AS, Carr DJJ, Yamada HY. "Amyloid-beta accumulation cycle" as a prevention and/or therapy target for Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13109. [PMID: 31981470 PMCID: PMC7059149 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle and its regulators are validated targets for cancer drugs. Reagents that target cells in a specific cell cycle phase (e.g., antimitotics or DNA synthesis inhibitors/replication stress inducers) have demonstrated success as broad-spectrum anticancer drugs. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are drivers of cell cycle transitions. A CDK inhibitor, flavopiridol/alvocidib, is an FDA-approved drug for acute myeloid leukemia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is another serious issue in contemporary medicine. The cause of AD remains elusive, although a critical role of latent amyloid-beta accumulation has emerged. Existing AD drug research and development targets include amyloid, amyloid metabolism/catabolism, tau, inflammation, cholesterol, the cholinergic system, and other neurotransmitters. However, none have been validated as therapeutically effective targets. Recent reports from AD-omics and preclinical animal models provided data supporting the long-standing notion that cell cycle progression and/or mitosis may be a valid target for AD prevention and/or therapy. This review will summarize the recent developments in AD research: (a) Mitotic re-entry, leading to the "amyloid-beta accumulation cycle," may be a prerequisite for amyloid-beta accumulation and AD pathology development; (b) AD-associated pathogens can cause cell cycle errors; (c) thirteen among 37 human AD genetic risk genes may be functionally involved in the cell cycle and/or mitosis; and (d) preclinical AD mouse models treated with CDK inhibitor showed improvements in cognitive/behavioral symptoms. If the "amyloid-beta accumulation cycle is an AD drug target" concept is proven, repurposing of cancer drugs may emerge as a new, fast-track approach for AD management in the clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug DevelopmentDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Adam S. Asch
- Stephenson Cancer CenterDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Daniel J. J. Carr
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Hiroshi Y. Yamada
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug DevelopmentDepartment of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA
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