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Graf S, Biemmi V, Arnold M, Segiser A, Müller A, Méndez‐Carmona N, Egle M, Siepe M, Barile L, Longnus S. Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles alter cardiac recovery and metabolism in a rat heart model of donation after circulatory death. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18281. [PMID: 38652092 PMCID: PMC11037406 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Conditions to which the cardiac graft is exposed during transplantation with donation after circulatory death (DCD) can trigger the recruitment of macrophages that are either unpolarized (M0) or pro-inflammatory (M1) as well as the release of extracellular vesicles (EV). We aimed to characterize the effects of M0 and M1 macrophage-derived EV administration on post-ischaemic functional recovery and glucose metabolism using an isolated rat heart model of DCD. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 20 min aerobic perfusion, followed by 27 min global, warm ischaemia or continued aerobic perfusion and 60 min reperfusion with or without intravascular administration of EV. Four experimental groups were compared: (1) no ischaemia, no EV; (2) ischaemia, no EV; (3) ischaemia with M0-macrophage-dervied EV; (4) ischaemia with M1-macrophage-derived EV. Post-ischaemic ventricular and metabolic recovery were evaluated. During reperfusion, ventricular function was decreased in untreated ischaemic and M1-EV hearts, but not in M0-EV hearts, compared to non-ischaemic hearts (p < 0.05). In parallel with the reduced functional recovery in M1-EV versus M0-EV ischaemic hearts, rates of glycolysis from exogenous glucose and oxidative metabolism tended to be lower, while rates of glycogenolysis and lactate release tended to be higher. EV from M0- and M1-macrophages differentially affect post-ischaemic cardiac recovery, potentially by altering glucose metabolism in a rat model of DCD. Targeted EV therapy may be a useful approach for modulating cardiac energy metabolism and optimizing graft quality in the setting of DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selianne Graf
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryInselspital Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular TheranosticsCardiocentro Ticino Institute‐EOCLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Maria Arnold
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryInselspital Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Adrian Segiser
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryInselspital Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Anja Müller
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryInselspital Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Natalia Méndez‐Carmona
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryInselspital Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Manuel Egle
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryInselspital Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Siepe
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryInselspital Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular TheranosticsCardiocentro Ticino Institute‐EOCLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Sarah Longnus
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryInselspital Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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2
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Wang S, Xuan L, Hu X, Sun F, Li S, Li X, Yang H, Guo J, Duan X, Luo H, Xin J, Chen J, Hao J, Cui S, Liu D, Jiao L, Zhang Y, Du Z, Sun L. LncRNA CCRR Attenuates Postmyocardial Infarction Inflammatory Response by Inhibiting the TLR Signalling Pathway. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:710-725. [PMID: 38081511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely and proper suppression of inflammation can effectively reduce myocardial injury and promote the postmyocardial infarction (post-MI) wound-healing process. We have previously found that cardiac conduction regulatory RNA (CCRR), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed by the gene located on chromosome 9, with abundant expression in the heart, elicits antiarrhythmic effects in heart failure, and this is a continuing study on the role of CCRR in MI. METHODS CCRR was overexpressed in CCRR transgenic mice or after injection of adeno-associated virus-9 (AAV-9). MI surgery was performed, and cardiac function was assessed in vivo by echocardiography, followed by histologic analyses. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the effects of CCRR on macrophages, cardiomyocytes, and cardiomyocytes cocultured with macrophages. Through microarray analysis and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and other related techniques were also employed to study the effects of CCRR on Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4. RESULTS We found that CCRR level was significantly decreased with increases in proinflammatory cytokines and activation of the TLR signalling pathway in the heart of the 3-day MI mice. CCRR overexpression downregulated TLR2 and TLR4 in MI and effectively inhibited the inflammatory responses in primary cardiomyocytes and macrophages cultured under hypoxic conditions. Downregulation of CCRR induced excessive inflammatory responses by activating the TLR signalling pathway. CCRR acted by suppressing TLR2 and TLR4 to inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory factors to reduce infarct size, thereby improving cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS CCRR protected cardiomyocytes against MI injury by suppressing inflammatory response through targeting the TLR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lina Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Feihan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siyun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiufang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaomeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huishan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jieru Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shijia Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Berezin AE, Berezin AA. Extracellular vesicles in heart failure. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 119:1-32. [PMID: 38514208 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated as crucial mediators of immune response, cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and growth, and tissue repair. In heart failure (HF) they may act as regulators of cardiac remodeling, microvascular inflammation, micro environmental changes, tissue fibrosis, atherosclerosis, neovascularization of plaques, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and reciprocal heart-remote organ interaction. The chapter summaries the nomenclature, isolation, detection of EVs, their biologic role and function physiologically as well as in the pathogenesis of HF. Current challenges to the utilization of EVs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in HF are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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4
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Hermann DM, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Giebel B, Pluchino S. Extracellular vesicles set the stage for brain plasticity and recovery by multimodal signalling. Brain 2024; 147:372-389. [PMID: 37768167 PMCID: PMC10834259 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extremely versatile naturally occurring membrane particles that convey complex signals between cells. EVs of different cellular sources are capable of inducing striking therapeutic responses in neurological disease models. Differently from pharmacological compounds that act by modulating defined signalling pathways, EV-based therapeutics possess multiple abilities via a variety of effectors, thus allowing the modulation of complex disease processes that may have very potent effects on brain tissue recovery. When applied in vivo in experimental models of neurological diseases, EV-based therapeutics have revealed remarkable effects on immune responses, cell metabolism and neuronal plasticity. This multimodal modulation of neuroimmune networks by EVs profoundly influences disease processes in a highly synergistic and context-dependent way. Ultimately, the EV-mediated restoration of cellular functions helps to set the stage for neurological recovery. With this review we first outline the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of EVs, describing how EVs released from various cellular sources identify their cellular targets and convey signals to recipient cells. Then, mechanisms of action applicable to key neurological conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases are presented. Pathways that deserve attention in specific disease contexts are discussed. We subsequently showcase considerations about EV biodistribution and delineate genetic engineering strategies aiming at enhancing brain uptake and signalling. By sketching a broad view of EV-orchestrated brain plasticity and recovery, we finally define possible future clinical EV applications and propose necessary information to be provided ahead of clinical trials. Our goal is to provide a steppingstone that can be used to critically discuss EVs as next generation therapeutics for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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5
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Liu J, Xiao G, Liang Y, He S, Lyu M, Zhu Y. Heart-brain interaction in cardiogenic dementia: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1304864. [PMID: 38327496 PMCID: PMC10847563 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1304864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular and neurologic diseases primarily focus on the heart and brain, respectively. An increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed a causal relationship between heart and brain diseases. Cardiogenic dementia is a cognitive impairment caused by heart dysfunction and has received increasing research attention. The prevention and treatment of cardiogenic dementia are essential to improve the quality of life, particularly in the elderly and aging population. This study describes the changes in cognitive function associated with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and heart valve disease. An updated understanding of the two known pathogenic mechanisms of cardiogenic dementia is presented and discussed. One is a cascade of events caused by cerebral hypoperfusion due to long-term reduction of cardiac output after heart disease, and the other is cognitive impairment regardless of the changes in cerebral blood flow after cardiac injury. Furthermore, potential medications for the prevention and treatment of cardiogenic dementia are reviewed, with particular attention to multicomponent herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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6
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Cambon A, Rebelle C, Bachelier R, Arnaud L, Robert S, Lagarde M, Muller R, Tellier E, Kara Y, Leroyer A, Farnarier C, Vallier L, Chareyre C, Retornaz K, Jurquet AL, Tran TA, Lacroix R, Dignat-George F, Kaplanski G. Macrophage IL-1β-positive microvesicles exhibit thrombo-inflammatory properties and are detectable in patients with active juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228122. [PMID: 38077384 PMCID: PMC10703381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective IL-1β is a leaderless cytokine with poorly known secretory mechanisms that is barely detectable in serum of patients, including those with an IL-1β-mediated disease such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Leukocyte microvesicles (MVs) may be a mechanism of IL-1β secretion. The first objective of our study was to characterize IL-1β-positive MVs obtained from macrophage cell culture supernatants and to investigate their biological functions in vitro and in vivo. The second objective was to detect circulating IL-1β-positive MVs in JIA patients. Methods MVs were purified by serial centrifugations from PBMCs, or THP-1 differentiated into macrophages, then stimulated with LPS ± ATP. MV content was analyzed for the presence of IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, P2X7 receptor, and tissue factor (TF) using ELISA, Western blot, or flow cytometry. MV biological properties were studied in vitro by measuring VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin expression after HUVEC co-culture and factor-Xa generation test was realized. In vivo, MVs' ability to recruit leukocytes in a murine model of peritonitis was evaluated. Plasmatic IL-1β-positive MVs were studied ex vivo in 10 active JIA patients using flow cytometry. Results THP-1-derived macrophages stimulated with LPS and ATP released MVs, which contained NLRP3, caspase-1, and the 33-kDa precursor and 17-kDa mature forms of IL-1β and bioactive TF. IL-1β-positive MVs expressed P2X7 receptor and released soluble IL-1β in response to ATP stimulation in vitro. In mice, MVs induced a leukocyte peritoneal infiltrate, which was reduced by treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Finally, IL-1β-positive MVs were detectable in plasma from 10 active JIA patients. Conclusion MVs shed from activated macrophages contain IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and TF, and constitute thrombo-inflammatory vectors that can be detected in the plasma from active JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Cambon
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine interne et d’Infectiologie, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées (HIA) Sainte-Anne, Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Toulon, France
| | - Charlotte Rebelle
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Pédiatrie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Richard Bachelier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Marie Lagarde
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Romain Muller
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine interne et d’Immunologie clinique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Edwige Tellier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Yéter Kara
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Leroyer
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Farnarier
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Loris Vallier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Chareyre
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Karine Retornaz
- Service de Pédiatrie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Laure Jurquet
- Service de Pédiatrie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Tu-Anh Tran
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Nîmes, Hôpital Carémeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine interne et d’Immunologie clinique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Conception, Marseille, France
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7
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Gong Z, Wen M, Zhang W, Yu L, Huang C, Xu Y, Xia Z, Xu M, Xu J, Liang Q, Bao H, Cheng X. Plasma exosomes induce inflammatory immune response in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1168-1176. [PMID: 33950771 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1912102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a kind of nanoscale extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-100 nm and act as intracellular communication vehicles to influence cellular activities. Emerging pieces of evidence have indicated that exosomes play important roles in inflammation. However, the biological roles of plasma exosomes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients have remained largely unexplored. In the current study, we found the plasma exosome levels were notably increased in patients with AMI in comparison with healthy controls (HCs), and AMI exosomes could induce endothelial cell injury. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that AMI exosomes triggered a pro-inflammatory immune response, at least partly depending on the activation of the NF-ĸB signalling. Together, AMI exosomes have pro-inflammatory properties and play a significant role in inflammation in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Gong
- Department of General Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Minghua Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingling Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chahua Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zilong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ji'an Central Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Huihui Bao
- Department of General Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Piekarska K, Bonowicz K, Grzanka A, Jaworski ŁM, Reiter RJ, Slominski AT, Steinbrink K, Kleszczyński K, Gagat M. Melatonin and TGF-β-Mediated Release of Extracellular Vesicles. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040575. [PMID: 37110233 PMCID: PMC10142249 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system, unlike other systems, must be flexible and able to "adapt" to fully cope with lurking dangers. The transition from intracorporeal balance to homeostasis disruption is associated with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which causes modulation of the immunology response. Chemotactic cytokines, signaling molecules, and extracellular vesicles act as critical mediators of inflammation and participate in intercellular communication, conditioning the immune system's proper response. Among the well-known cytokines allowing for the development and proper functioning of the immune system by mediating cell survival and cell-death-inducing signaling, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) are noteworthy. The high bloodstream concentration of those pleiotropic cytokines can be characterized by anti- and pro-inflammatory activity, considering the powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress capabilities of TGF-β known from the literature. Together with the chemokines, the immune system response is also influenced by biologically active chemicals, such as melatonin. The enhanced cellular communication shows the relationship between the TGF-β signaling pathway and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted under the influence of melatonin. This review outlines the findings on melatonin activity on TGF-β-dependent inflammatory response regulation in cell-to-cell communication leading to secretion of the different EV populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Piekarska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bonowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz M Jaworski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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9
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Sun J, Nie H, Pan P, Jiang Q, Liu C, Wang M, Deng Y, Yan B. Combined Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Nanoformulation for Effective Treatment of Ocular Vascular Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:437-453. [PMID: 36718193 PMCID: PMC9884055 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s387428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ocular vascular diseases are the major causes of visual impairment, which are characterized by retinal vascular dysfunction and robust inflammatory responses. Traditional anti-angiogenic or anti-inflammatory drugs still have limitations due to the short-acting effects. To improve the anti-angiogenic or anti-inflammatory efficiency, a dual-drug nanocomposite formulation was proposed for combined anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory treatment of ocular vascular diseases. Methods CBC-MCC@hMSN(SM) complex nanoformulation was prepared by integrating conbercept (CBC, an anti-angiogenic drug) and MCC950 (MCC, an inhibitor of inflammation) into the surface-modified hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (hMSN(SM)). CBC-MCC@hMSN(SM) complex nanoformulation was then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentials, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement. CBC and MCC release profile, cytotoxicity, tissue toxicity, anti-angiogenic effects, and anti-inflammatory effects of CBC-MCC@hMSN(SM) were estimated using the in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results CBC-MCC@hMSN(SM) complex had no obvious cytotoxicity and tissue toxicity and did not cause a detectable ocular inflammatory responses. CBC-MCC@hMSN(SM) complex was more effective than free CBC or MCC in suppressing endothelial angiogenic effects and inflammatory responses in vitro. A single intraocular injection of CBC-MCC@hMSN(SM) complex potently suppressed diabetes-induced retinal vascular dysfunction, choroidal neovascularization, and inflammatory responses for up to 6 months. Conclusion Combined CBC and MCC nanoformulation provides a promising strategy for sustained suppression of pathological angiogenesis and inflammatory responses to improve the treatment outcomes of ocular vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Nie
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital and The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panpan Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital and The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yonghui Deng; Biao Yan, Email ;
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Okamura A, Yoshioka Y, Saito Y, Ochiya T. Can Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems Be a Game Changer in Cardiac Disease? Pharm Res 2022; 40:889-908. [PMID: 36577860 PMCID: PMC10126064 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure have been the leading cause of death worldwide for more than 20 years, and new treatments continue to be investigated. Heart transplantation, a curative treatment for severe cardiac dysfunction, is available to only a small number of patients due to the rarity of donors and high costs. Cardiac regenerative medicine using embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is expected to be a new alternative to heart transplantation, but it has problems such as induction of immune response, tumor formation, and low survival rate of transplanted cells. On the other hand, there has been a focus on cell-free therapy using extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their high biocompatibility and target specificity. Exosomes, one type of EV, play a role in the molecular transport system in vivo and can be considered a drug delivery system (DDS) innate to all living things. Exosomes contain nucleic acids and proteins, which are transported from secretory cells to recipient cells. Molecules in exosomes are encapsulated in a lipid bilayer, which allows them to exist stably in body fluids without being affected by nuclease degradation enzymes. Therefore, the therapeutic use of exosomes as DDSs has been widely explored and is being used in clinical trials and other clinical settings. This review summarizes the current topics of EVs as DDSs in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Okamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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11
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Wei D, Qi J, Wang Y, Li L, Yang G, He X, Zhang Z. NR4A2 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for myocardial infarction: A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1061800. [PMID: 36618351 PMCID: PMC9815548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1061800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction is a well-established severe consequence of coronary artery disease. However, the lack of effective early biomarkers accounts for the lag time before clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The present study aimed to predict critical genes for the diagnosis of MI by immune infiltration analysis and establish a nomogram. Methods Gene microarray data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differential expression analysis, single-cell sequencing, and disease ontology (DO) enrichment analysis were performed to determine the distribution of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in cell subpopulations and their correlation with MI. Next, the level of infiltration of 16 immune cells and immune functions and their hub genes were analyzed using a Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA). In addition, the accuracy of critical markers for the diagnosis of MI was subsequently assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). One datasets were used to test the accuracy of the model. Finally, the genes with the most diagnostic value for MI were screened and experimentally validated. Results 335 DEGs were identified in GSE66360, including 280 upregulated and 55 downregulated genes. Single-cell sequencing results demonstrated that DEGs were mainly distributed in endothelial cells. DO enrichment analysis suggested that DEGs were highly correlated with MI. In the MI population, macrophages, neutrophils, CCR, and Parainflammation were significantly upregulated compared to the average population. NR4A2 was identified as the gene with the most significant diagnostic value in the immune scoring and diagnostic model. 191 possible drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction were identified by drug prediction analysis. Finally, our results were validated by Real-time Quantitativepolymerase chain reaction and Western Blot of animal samples. Conclusion Our comprehensive in silico analysis revealed that NR4A2 has huge prospects for application in diagnosing patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Wei
- Graduate Academy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiajie Qi
- Graduate Academy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Graduate Academy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Luzhen Li
- Graduate Academy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyong He
- College of Medical Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Zhe Zhang,
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12
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DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415522. [PMID: 36555168 PMCID: PMC9778802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is a life-threatening complication in sepsis. Upon infection and cardiac stress, the cardiac macrophage population expands. Recruited macrophages exhibit a predominantly proinflammatory phenotype and release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that contribute to cardiac dysfunction. However, the underlying pathomechanisms are highly complex and not fully understood. Here, we utilized an indirect macrophage-cardiomyocyte co-culture model to study the effects of proinflammatory macrophages on the activation of different cardiac receptors (TLR3, TLR4, and TNFR) and their role in cardiac inflammation and caspase-3/7 activation. The stimulation of cardiomyocytes with conditioned medium of LPS-stimulated macrophages resulted in elevated IL-6 protein concentrations and relative IL-6 and TNFα mRNA levels. Conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated macrophages also induced NFκB translocation and increased caspase-3/7 activation in cardiomyocytes. Analyzing the role of different cardiac receptors, we found that TLR4 and TNFR inhibition reduces cardiac inflammation and that the inhibition of TNFR prevents NFκB translocation into the nuclei of cardiomyocytes, induced by exposure to conditioned medium of proinflammatory macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrated that TLR3 inhibition reduces macrophage-mediated caspase-3/7 activation. Our results suggest that the immune response of macrophages under inflammatory conditions leads to the release of DAMPs, such as eRNA and cytokines, which in turn induce cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Thus, the data obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction.
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13
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Savinovskaya YI, Nushtaeva AA, Savelyeva AV, Morozov VV, Ryabchikova EI, Kuligina EV, Richter VA, Semenov DV. Human Blood Extracellular Vesicles Activate Transcription of NF-kB-Dependent Genes in A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6028-6045. [PMID: 36547072 PMCID: PMC9777395 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by various cell types are heterogeneous in size and composition. Changes in the RNA sets of EVs in biological fluids are considered the basis for the development of new approaches to minimally invasive diagnostics and the therapy of human diseases. In this study, EVs were obtained from the blood of healthy donors by centrifugation, followed by ultracentrifugation. It was shown that EVs consist of several populations including small exosome-like vesicles and larger microvesicle-like particles. The composition of EVs' RNAs was determined. A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells were incubated with EV and the NGS analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed. During the incubation of A549 cells with EVs, the levels of mRNA encoding components for the NF-kB signaling pathway increased, as well as the expression of genes controlled by the NF-kB transcription factor. Overall, our results suggest that components of EVs trigger the NF-kB signaling cascade in A549 cells, leading to the transcription of genes including cytokines, adhesion molecules, cell cycle regulators, and cell survival factors. Our data provide insight into the interaction between blood EVs and human cells and can be used for designing new tools for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.
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14
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Type 2 alveolar epithelial cell-derived circulating extracellular vesicle-encapsulated surfactant protein C as a mediator of cardiac inflammation in COVID-19. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1003-1009. [PMID: 35909187 PMCID: PMC9340698 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the countless endeavours made at elucidating the pathogenesis of COVID-19, those aimed at the histopathological alterations of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AT2) are of outstanding relevance to the field of lung physiology, as they are the building blocks of the pulmonary alveoli. A merit of high regenerative and proliferative capacity, exocytotic activity resulting in the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is particularly high in AT2 cells, especially in those infected with SARS-CoV-2. These AT2 cell-derived EVs, containing the genetic material of the virus, might enter the bloodstream and make their way into the cardiovascular system, where they may infect cardiomyocytes and bring about a series of events leading to heart failure. As surfactant protein C, a marker of AT2 cell activity and a constituent of the lung surfactant complex, occurs abundantly inside the AT2-derived EVs released during the inflammatory stage of COVID-19, it could potentially be used as a biomarker for predicting impending heart failure in those patients with a history of cardiovascular disease.
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15
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Extracellular Vesicles, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142229. [PMID: 35883672 PMCID: PMC9320258 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The underlying mechanisms of most cardiovascular disorders involve innate and adaptive immune responses, and extracellular vesicles are implicated in both. In this review, we describe the mechanistic role of extracellular vesicles at the intersection of inflammatory processes and cardiovascular disease. Our discussion focuses on atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia and ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic aneurysms, and valvular pathology.
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16
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Feng J, Wu Y. Interleukin-35 ameliorates cardiovascular disease by suppressing inflammatory responses and regulating immune homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108938. [PMID: 35759811 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune response is of great significance in the initiation and progression of a diversity of cardiovascular diseases involving pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a cytokine of the interleukin-12 family, is a novel anti-inflammation and immunosuppressive cytokine, maintaining inflammatory suppression and regulating immune homeostasis. The role of IL-35 in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has aroused enthusiastic attention, a diversity of experimental or clinical evidence has indicated that IL-35 potentially has a pivot role in protecting against cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis and myocarditis. In this review, we initiate an overview of the relationship between Interleukin-35 and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, aortic dissection and myocarditis. Although the specific molecular mechanisms entailing the protective effects of IL-35 remain an unsolved issue, targeted therapies with IL-35 might provide a promising and effective solution to prevent and cure cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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17
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González A, Richards AM, de Boer RA, Thum T, Arfsten H, Hülsmann M, Falcao-Pires I, Díez J, Foo RSY, Chan MY, Aimo A, Anene-Nzelu CG, Abdelhamid M, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Belenkov Y, Ben Gal T, Cohen-Solal A, Böhm M, Chioncel O, Delgado V, Emdin M, Jankowska EA, Gustafsson F, Hill L, Jaarsma T, Januzzi JL, Jhund PS, Lopatin Y, Lund LH, Metra M, Milicic D, Moura B, Mueller C, Mullens W, Núñez J, Piepoli MF, Rakisheva A, Ristić AD, Rossignol P, Savarese G, Tocchetti CG, Van Linthout S, Volterrani M, Seferovic P, Rosano G, Coats AJS, Bayés-Genís A. Cardiac remodelling - Part 1: From cells and tissues to circulating biomarkers. A review from the Study Group on Biomarkers of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:927-943. [PMID: 35334137 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling refers to changes in left ventricular structure and function over time, with a progressive deterioration that may lead to heart failure (HF) development (adverse remodelling) or vice versa a recovery (reverse remodelling) in response to HF treatment. Adverse remodelling predicts a worse outcome, whilst reverse remodelling predicts a better prognosis. The geometry, systolic and diastolic function and electric activity of the left ventricle are affected, as well as the left atrium and on the long term even right heart chambers. At a cellular and molecular level, remodelling involves all components of cardiac tissue: cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and leucocytes. The molecular, cellular and histological signatures of remodelling may differ according to the cause and severity of cardiac damage, and clearly to the global trend toward worsening or recovery. These processes cannot be routinely evaluated through endomyocardial biopsies, but may be reflected by circulating levels of several biomarkers. Different classes of biomarkers (e.g. proteins, non-coding RNAs, metabolites and/or epigenetic modifications) and several biomarkers of each class might inform on some aspects on HF development, progression and long-term outcomes, but most have failed to enter clinical practice. This may be due to the biological complexity of remodelling, so that no single biomarker could provide great insight on remodelling when assessed alone. Another possible reason is a still incomplete understanding of the role of biomarkers in the pathophysiology of cardiac remodelling. Such role will be investigated in the first part of this review paper on biomarkers of cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Mark Richards
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) and Rebirth Center for Translational Regenerative Therapies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henrike Arfsten
- Clinical Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Clinical Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inês Falcao-Pires
- Department od Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, and Nephrology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chukwuemeka G Anene-Nzelu
- Department of medicine, Yong Loo-Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Stamatis Adamopoulos
- 2nd Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Tuvia Ben Gal
- Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson, Israel
| | | | - Michael Böhm
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof. C.C. Iliescu' Bucharest, University of Medicine Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ewa A Jankowska
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - James L Januzzi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Yuri Lopatin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Lars H Lund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davor Milicic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Brenda Moura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Porto Armed Forces Hospital, Portugal
| | | | | | - Julio Núñez
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Massimo F Piepoli
- Cardiology Division, Castelsangiovanni Hospital, Castelsangiovanni, Italy
| | - Amina Rakisheva
- Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Arsen D Ristić
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Université de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques- Plurithématique 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Petar Seferovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- St. George's Hospitals, NHS Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Komal S, Komal N, Mujtaba A, Wang SH, Zhang LR, Han SN. Potential therapeutic strategies for myocardial infarction: the role of Toll-like receptors. Immunol Res 2022; 70:607-623. [PMID: 35608723 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening condition among patients with cardiovascular diseases. MI increases the risk of stroke and heart failure and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of MI, suggesting that further understanding of the pathomechanism of MI might help in the early management and treatment of this disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-known members of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family and contribute to both adaptive and innate immunity. Collectively, studies suggest that TLRs have a cardioprotective effect. However, prolonged TLR activation in the response to signals generated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) results in the release of inflammatory cytokines and contributes to the development and exacerbation of myocardial inflammation, MI, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocarditis, and heart failure. The objective of this review is to discuss and summarize the association of TLRs with MI, highlighting their therapeutic potential for the development of advanced TLR-targeted therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Nimrah Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmacology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Extracellular Vesicles as an Index for Endothelial Injury and Cardiac Dysfunction in a Rodent Model of GDM. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094970. [PMID: 35563365 PMCID: PMC9101204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal cardiovascular complications. It is widely believed that maternal endothelial dysfunction is a critical determinant of these risks, however, connections to maternal cardiac dysfunction and mechanisms of pathogenesis are unclear. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging biomarkers that may provide insights into the pathogenesis of GDM. We examined the impact of GDM on maternal cardiac and vascular health in a rat model of diet-induced obesity-associated GDM. We observed a >3-fold increase in circulating levels of endothelial EVs (p < 0.01) and von Willebrand factor (p < 0.001) in GDM rats. A significant increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within circulating extracellular vesicles was also observed suggesting possible mitochondrial dysfunction in the vasculature. This was supported by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide deficiency in aortas of GDM mice. GDM was also associated with cardiac remodeling (increased LV mass) and a marked impairment in maternal diastolic function (increased isovolumetric relaxation time [IVRT], p < 0.01). Finally, we observed a strong positive correlation between endothelial EV levels and IVRT (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). In summary, we observed maternal vascular and cardiac dysfunction in rodent GDM accompanied by increased circulating endothelial EVs and EV-associated mitochondrial DNA. Our study highlights a novel method for assessment of vascular injury in GDM and highlights vascular mitochondrial injury as a possible therapeutic target.
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20
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Lipidomics in Understanding Pathophysiology and Pharmacologic Effects in Inflammatory Diseases: Considerations for Drug Development. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040333. [PMID: 35448520 PMCID: PMC9030008 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipidome has a broad range of biological and signaling functions, including serving as a structural scaffold for membranes and initiating and resolving inflammation. To investigate the biological activity of phospholipids and their bioactive metabolites, precise analytical techniques are necessary to identify specific lipids and quantify their levels. Simultaneous quantification of a set of lipids can be achieved using high sensitivity mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, whose technological advancements have significantly improved over the last decade. This has unlocked the power of metabolomics/lipidomics allowing the dynamic characterization of metabolic systems. Lipidomics is a subset of metabolomics for multianalyte identification and quantification of endogenous lipids and their metabolites. Lipidomics-based technology has the potential to drive novel biomarker discovery and therapeutic development programs; however, appropriate standards have not been established for the field. Standardization would improve lipidomic analyses and accelerate the development of innovative therapies. This review aims to summarize considerations for lipidomic study designs including instrumentation, sample stabilization, data validation, and data analysis. In addition, this review highlights how lipidomics can be applied to biomarker discovery and drug mechanism dissection in various inflammatory diseases including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, lung disease, and autoimmune disease.
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21
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Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for myocardial infarction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:78. [PMID: 35273164 PMCID: PMC8913803 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) has improved considerably, it is still a worldwide disease with high morbidity and high mortality. Whilst there is still a long way to go for discovering ideal treatments, therapeutic strategies committed to cardioprotection and cardiac repair following cardiac ischemia are emerging. Evidence of pathological characteristics in MI illustrates cell signaling pathways that participate in the survival, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, and stem cells. These signaling pathways include the key players in inflammation response, e.g., NLRP3/caspase-1 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB; the crucial mediators in oxidative stress and apoptosis, for instance, Notch, Hippo/YAP, RhoA/ROCK, Nrf2/HO-1, and Sonic hedgehog; the controller of myocardial fibrosis such as TGF-β/SMADs and Wnt/β-catenin; and the main regulator of angiogenesis, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Sonic hedgehog, etc. Since signaling pathways play an important role in administering the process of MI, aiming at targeting these aberrant signaling pathways and improving the pathological manifestations in MI is indispensable and promising. Hence, drug therapy, gene therapy, protein therapy, cell therapy, and exosome therapy have been emerging and are known as novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for MI by regulating these associated pathways, which contribute to inhibiting cardiomyocytes death, attenuating inflammation, enhancing angiogenesis, etc. so as to repair and re-functionalize damaged hearts.
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22
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Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) Protects against Myocardial Injury Induced by Myocardial Infarction in Rats via Inhibition of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9651092. [PMID: 35082934 PMCID: PMC8786546 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9651092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective Heart failure and ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are important factors affecting the prognosis of patients. Therefore, we expected to explore the therapeutic target of AMI by studying the effect of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) on AMI rat model. Materials and Methods We used male Sprague-Dawley rats to make AMI model, and after 1, 3, 7, and 14 d, we detect the success rate of modeling and the expression change of DAPK1 through 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, myocardial injury markers detection, echocardiographic detection, and histological experiment. In addition, we determined the effect of DAPK1 on AMI by subcutaneous injection of the DAPK1 inhibitor (TC-DAPK 6). The effect of DAPK1 on cardiomyocytes has also been verified in cell experiments on H9c2 cells. Results The expression of DAPK1 in AMI rats was significantly higher than that in sham group, and it increased with time. The expression of inflammatory factors (interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in AMI rats treated by TC-DAPK 6 was reduced. In addition, TC-DAPK 6 also reduced the activity of malonaldehyde and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase. The expression of antioxidant molecules such as peroxiredoxin1/4 and glutathione peroxidase1/3 was also promoted by TC-DAPK 6. In H9c2 cells, TC-DAPK 6 also reduced its oxidative stress level. Conclusions The increase of DAPK1 may be related to the pathogenesis of AMI. DAPK1 inhibitors protect cardiomyocytes from AMI-induced myocardial injury by reducing levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in myocardial tissue and cells.
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23
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M1 Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Inhibit Angiogenesis and Myocardial Regeneration Following Myocardial Infarction via the MALAT1/MicroRNA-25-3p/CDC42 Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9959746. [PMID: 34745428 PMCID: PMC8570847 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9959746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a severe cardiovascular disease. Some M1 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis and acceleration dysfunction during MI. However, the potential mechanism of M1 phenotype bone marrow-derived macrophages- (BMMs-) EVs (M1-BMMs-EVs) in MI is largely unknown. This study sought to investigate whether M1-BMMs-EVs increased CDC42 expression and activated the MEK/ERK pathway by carrying lncRNA MALAT1 and competitively binding to miR-25-3p, thus inhibiting angiogenesis and myocardial regeneration after MI. After EV treatment, the cardiac function, infarct size, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and myocardial regeneration of MI mice and the viability, proliferation and angiogenesis of oxygen-glucose deprivation- (OGD-) treated myocardial microvascular endothelial cells (MMECs) were assessed. MALAT1 expression in MI mice, cells, and EVs was detected. MALAT1 downstream microRNAs (miRs), genes, and pathways were predicted and verified. MALAT1 and miR-25-3p were intervened to evaluate EV effects on OGD-treated cells. In MI mice, EV treatment aggravated MI and inhibited angiogenesis and myocardial regeneration. In OGD-treated cells, EV treatment suppressed cell viability, proliferation, and angiogenesis. MALAT1 was highly expressed in MI mice, OGD-treated MMECs, M1-BMMs, and EVs. Silencing MALAT1 weakened the inhibition of EV treatment on OGD-treated cells. MALAT1 sponged miR-25-3p to upregulate CDC42. miR-25-3p overexpression promoted OGD-treated cell viability, proliferation, and angiogenesis. The MEK/ERK pathway was activated after EV treatment. Collectively, M1-BMMs-EVs inhibited angiogenesis and myocardial regeneration following MI via the MALAT1/miR-25-3p/CDC42 axis and the MEK/ERK pathway activation.
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24
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Gelosa P, Castiglioni L, Rzemieniec J, Muluhie M, Camera M, Sironi L. Cerebral derailment after myocardial infarct: mechanisms and effects of the signaling from the ischemic heart to brain. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:23-41. [PMID: 34674004 PMCID: PMC8724191 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death among ischemic heart diseases and is associated with several long-term cardiovascular complications, such as angina, re-infarction, arrhythmias, and heart failure. However, MI is frequently accompanied by non-cardiovascular multiple comorbidities, including brain disorders such as stroke, anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggests a causal relationship between MI and stroke, but the precise underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Indeed, the risk of stroke remains a current challenge in patients with MI, in spite of the improvement of medical treatment among this patient population has reduced the risk of stroke. In this review, the effects of the signaling from the ischemic heart to the brain, such as neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and neurogenesis, and the possible actors mediating these effects, such as systemic inflammation, immunoresponse, extracellular vesicles, and microRNAs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gelosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Rzemieniec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Majeda Muluhie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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25
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Balbi C, Burrello J, Bolis S, Lazzarini E, Biemmi V, Pianezzi E, Burrello A, Caporali E, Grazioli LG, Martinetti G, Fusi-Schmidhauser T, Vassalli G, Melli G, Barile L. Circulating extracellular vesicles are endowed with enhanced procoagulant activity in SARS-CoV-2 infection. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103369. [PMID: 33971404 PMCID: PMC8104913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes an acute respiratory syndrome accompanied by multi-organ damage that implicates a prothrombotic state leading to widespread microvascular clots. The causes of such coagulation abnormalities are unknown. The receptor tissue factor, also known as CD142, is often associated with cell-released extracellular vesicles (EV). In this study, we aimed to characterize surface antigens profile of circulating EV in COVID-19 patients and their potential implication as procoagulant agents. Methods We analyzed serum-derived EV from 67 participants who underwent nasopharyngeal swabs molecular test for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection (34 positives and 33 negatives) and from 16 healthy controls (HC), as referral. A sub-analysis was performed on subjects who developed pneumonia (n = 28). Serum-derived EV were characterized for their surface antigen profile and tested for their procoagulant activity. A validation experiment was performed pre-treating EV with anti-CD142 antibody or with recombinant FVIIa. Serum TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA. Findings Profiling of EV antigens revealed a surface marker signature that defines circulating EV in COVID-19. A combination of seven surface molecules (CD49e, CD209, CD86, CD133/1, CD69, CD142, and CD20) clustered COVID (+) versus COVID (-) patients and HC. CD142 showed the highest discriminating performance at both multivariate models and ROC curve analysis. Noteworthy, we found that CD142 exposed onto surface of EV was biologically active. CD142 activity was higher in COVID (+) patients and correlated with TNF-α serum levels. Interpretation In SARS-CoV-2 infection the systemic inflammatory response results in cell-release of substantial amounts of procoagulant EV that may act as clotting initiation agents, contributing to disease severity. Funding Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano-Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Enea Pianezzi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Burrello
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Caporali
- Cardiology Department, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Gauthier Grazioli
- Internal Medicine Department, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gladys Martinetti
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Fusi-Schmidhauser
- Internal Medicine Department, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Melli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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26
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Gu Y, Hu X, Ge PB, Chen Y, Wu S, Zhang XW. CTRP1 Aggravates Cardiac Dysfunction Post Myocardial Infarction by Modulating TLR4 in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635267. [PMID: 34025643 PMCID: PMC8137831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CTRP1 (C1q/TNF-α [tumour necrosis factor-α]-related protein 1), an adiponectin paralog, is associated with diabetes and adverse events in cardiovascular disease. However, its effect on cardiac function post myocardial infarction (MI) is unclear. Our study aimed to explore the role of CTRP1 in cardiac function post MI. CTRP1 global knockout mice were subjected to left anterior descending ligation to establish the MI model. C57BL6J mice were also administered recombinant CTRP1 protein (200 μg/kg) 7 days post MI. As a result, mice with CTRP1 deficiency exhibited an increased survival rate, a reduced infarct area, improved cardiac function and decreased inflammation and oxidative stress levels at 4 weeks post MI compared with those of mice receiving the CRTP1 injection, whose conditions deteriorated. However, cardiomyocytes with either CTRP1 silencing or CTRP1 treatment showed few differences in inflammation and oxidative stress levels compared with those of the control under hypoxic conditions. The activation of macrophages isolated from CTRP1-deficient mice was decreased in response to interferon-γ, while CTRP1 enhanced the activation of macrophages in response to interferon-γ. Macrophage scavengers and clodronate liposomes antagonized the effects of CTRP1 injection in mice. We also found that CTRP1 regulated macrophage activation via adiponectin receptor 1, which binds to TLR4 on the macrophage membrane. TLR4 knockout also antagonized the effects of the CTRP1 protein on mice with MI. Taken together, these data indicate that CTRP1 supresses cardiac function post MI via TLR4 on macrophages. Targeting CTRP1 may become a promising therapeutic approach to cardiac dysfunction post MI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
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27
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Tian C, Gao L, Zucker IH. Regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway in heart failure: Role of extracellular vesicles and non-coding RNAs. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:218-231. [PMID: 33741451 PMCID: PMC8096694 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The balance between pro- and antioxidant molecules has been established as an important driving force in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Chronic heart failure is associated with oxidative stress in the myocardium and globally. Redox balance in the heart and brain is controlled, in part, by antioxidant proteins regulated by the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is reduced in the heart failure state. Nrf2 can, in turn, be regulated by a variety of mechanisms including circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from multiple cell types in the heart. Here, we review the role of the Nrf2 and antioxidant enzyme signaling pathway in mediating redox balance in the myocardium and the brain in the heart failure state. This review focuses on Nrf2 and antioxidant protein regulation in the heart and brain by miRNA-enriched EVs in the setting of heart failure. We discuss EV-mediated intra- and inter-organ communications especially, communication between the heart and brain via an EV pathway that mediates cardiac function and sympatho-excitation in heart failure. Importantly, we speculate how engineered EVs with specific miRNAs or antagomirs may be used in a therapeutic manner in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhai Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5850, USA
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5850, USA.
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28
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Colombo L, Caretti A, Dei Cas M, Luciano F, Romano D, Paroni R, Patelli F, Ghidoni R, Rossetti L. Vitreous composition modification after transpalpebral electrical stimulation of the eye: Biochemical analysis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108601. [PMID: 33910035 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) of the eye represents a therapeutic approach in various clinical applications ranging from retinal dystrophies, age-related macular degeneration, retinal artery occlusion and nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. In clinical practice, ES of the eye is mainly performed with a transcorneal or transpalpebral approach. These procedures are non-invasive and well-tolerated by the patients, reporting only minimal and transient adverse events, while serious adverse effects were not observed. Despite the growing literature on animal models, only clinical parameters have been investigated in humans and few data are available about biochemical changes induced by ES of the eye. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible mechanism that regulates the beneficial effects of ES on retinal cells function and survival in humans. 28 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) were randomly divided in two groups: 13 patients were treated with transpalpebral ES before surgery and 15 underwent surgery with no prior treatment. Vitreous samples were collected for biochemical analysis during PPV. ES treatment leads to a reduction in the vitreous expression of both proinflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6 and IL-8, and proinflammatory lipid mediators, such as lysophosphatidylcholine. Indeed, we observed a 70% decrease of lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0, which has been proven to exert the greatest proinflammatory activities among the lysophosphatidylcholine class. The content of triglycerides is also affected and significantly decreased following ES application. The vitreous composition of patients undergoing PPV for iERM displays significant changes following ES treatment. Proinflammatory cytokines and bioactive lipid mediators expression decreases, suggesting an overall anti-inflammatory potential of ES. The investigation of the mechanism by which this treatment alters the retinal neurons leading to good outcomes is essential for supporting ES therapeutic application in various types of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Colombo
- Eye Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Caretti
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Luciano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Romano
- Eye Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Patelli
- Eye Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Eye Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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29
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Kwon S, Shin S, Do M, Oh BH, Song Y, Bui VD, Lee ES, Jo DG, Cho YW, Kim DH, Park JH. Engineering approaches for effective therapeutic applications based on extracellular vesicles. J Control Release 2020; 330:15-30. [PMID: 33278480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biological significance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as intercellular communication mediators has been increasingly revealed in a wide range of normal physiological processes and disease pathogenesis. In particular, regenerative and immunomodulatory EVs hold potential as innate biotherapeutics, whereas pathological EVs are considered therapeutic targets for inhibiting their bioactivity. Given their ability to transport functional cargos originating from the source cells to target cells, EVs can also be used as a therapeutic means to deliver drug molecules. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the key engineering approaches for better exploiting EVs in disease intervention. The emphasis is lying on the preconditioning methods for therapeutic EVs, drug loading and targeting technologies for carrier EVs, and activity control strategies for pathological EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunglee Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Shin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Byeong Hoon Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeari Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Dat Bui
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; ExoStemTech Inc., Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Cho
- ExoStemTech Inc., Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; ExoStemTech Inc., Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Martins-Marques T, Ribeiro-Rodrigues T, de Jager SC, Zuzarte M, Ferreira C, Cruz P, Reis L, Baptista R, Gonçalves L, Sluijter JP, Girao H. Myocardial infarction affects Cx43 content of extracellular vesicles secreted by cardiomyocytes. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e202000821. [PMID: 33097557 PMCID: PMC7652393 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease has been associated with an impairment on intercellular communication mediated by both gap junctions and extracellular vesicles. We have previously shown that connexin 43 (Cx43), the main ventricular gap junction protein, assembles into channels at the extracellular vesicle surface, mediating the release of vesicle content into target cells. Here, using a comprehensive strategy that included cell-based approaches, animal models and human patients, we demonstrate that myocardial ischemia impairs the secretion of Cx43 into circulating, intracardiac and cardiomyocyte-derived vesicles. In addition, we show that ubiquitin signals Cx43 release in basal conditions but appears to be dispensable during ischemia, suggesting an interplay between ischemia-induced Cx43 degradation and secretion. Overall, this study constitutes a step forward for the characterization of the signals and molecular players underlying vesicle protein sorting, with strong implications on long-range intercellular communication, paving the way towards the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Martins-Marques
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Saskia C de Jager
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Zuzarte
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cruz
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Reis
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Baptista
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Lino Gonçalves
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joost Pg Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrique Girao
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Zinger A, Brozovich A, Pasto A, Sushnitha M, Martinez JO, Evangelopoulos M, Boada C, Tasciotti E, Taraballi F. Bioinspired Extracellular Vesicles: Lessons Learned From Nature for Biomedicine and Bioengineering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2172. [PMID: 33143238 PMCID: PMC7693812 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficient communication is essential in all layers of the biological chain. Cells exchange information using a variety of signaling moieties, such as small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. Cells carefully package these messages into lipid complexes, collectively named extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this work, we discuss the nature of these cell carriers, categorize them by their origin, explore their role in the homeostasis of healthy tissues, and examine how they regulate the pathophysiology of several diseases. This review will also address the limitations of using EVs for clinical applications and discuss novel methods to engineer nanoparticles to mimic the structure, function, and features of EVs. Using lessons learned from nature and understanding how cells use EVs to communicate across distant sites, we can develop a better understanding of how to tailor the fundamental features of drug delivery carriers to encapsulate various cargos and target specific sites for biomedicine and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Zinger
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ava Brozovich
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Anna Pasto
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Manuela Sushnitha
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan O. Martinez
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christian Boada
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Biotechnology Program, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Roma RM, Italy
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (J.O.M.); (M.E.); (C.B.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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32
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Wang C, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Chen C, Chi Q, Xu K, Yang L. Ursolic acid protects chondrocytes, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties via regulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and ameliorates osteoarthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110568. [PMID: 32745911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and poor viability of chondrocytes result in the degradation of cartilage as osteoarthritis (OA) progresses. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether ursolic acid (UA) can protect chondrocytes and alleviate OA. Following stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 5 μM UA displayed no cytotoxicity and reversed the up-regulation of the inflammatory factors MMP13, IL-1β, IL-6 and PTGS2, and down-regulation of the cartilaginous genes/proteins type II collagen and Aggrecan. RNA sequencing identified 533 common deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) of which TNF, PI3K-AKT, NOD-like receptor, cytokine receptor interaction and NF-κB pathways were of potential importance. Further notable DEGs in the most-highly expressed 10 pathways contributed to maintenance of cartilaginous ECM homeostasis and were involved in an inflammatory response. The expression of these most-enriched DEGs was reversed by UA following stimulation with TNF-α. Additional investigation demonstrated that treatment with UA inhibited TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of p65 and phosphorylation of IκBα and AKT, and reversed TNF-α-induced up-regulation of P20, ACS and NLRP3. Furthermore, rat anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced-OA was ameliorated by treatment with UA. In conclusion, these results suggest that UA activates chondrocytes through the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, thus preventing cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wang
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Gao
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zike Zhang
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qingjia Chi
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, China
| | - Kang Xu
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Li Yang
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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33
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Burrello J, Biemmi V, Dei Cas M, Amongero M, Bolis S, Lazzarini E, Bollini S, Vassalli G, Paroni R, Barile L. Sphingolipid composition of circulating extracellular vesicles after myocardial ischemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16182. [PMID: 32999414 PMCID: PMC7527456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are structural components of cell membrane, displaying several functions in cell signalling. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are lipid bilayer membrane nanoparticle and their lipid composition may be different from parental cells, with a significant enrichment in sphingolipid species, especially in pathological conditions. We aimed at optimizing EV isolation from plasma and describing the differential lipid content of EV, as compared to whole plasma. As pilot study, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of lipidomic signature of circulating EV in patients with a diagnosis of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). STEMI patients were evaluated before reperfusion and 24-h after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Twenty sphingolipid species were quantified by liquid-chromatography tandem-mass-spectrometry. EV-ceramides, -dihydroceramides, and -sphingomyelins increased in STEMI vs. matched controls and decreased after reperfusion. Their levels correlated to hs-troponin, leucocyte count, and ejection fraction. Plasma sphingolipids levels were 500-to-700-fold higher as compared to EV content; nevertheless, only sphingomyelins differed in STEMI vs. control patients. Different sphingolipid species were enriched in EV and their linear combination by machine learning algorithms accurately classified STEMI patients at pre-PCI evaluation. In conclusion, EV lipid signature discriminates STEMI patients. These findings may contribute to the identification of novel biomarkers and signaling mechanisms related to cardiac ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burrello
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - V Biemmi
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - M Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Amongero
- Department of Mathematical Sciences G. L. Lagrange, Polytechnic University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Bolis
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - E Lazzarini
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - S Bollini
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - G Vassalli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - R Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland. .,Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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34
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Xiao G, Zhuang W, Wang T, Lian G, Luo L, Ye C, Wang H, Xie L. Transcriptomic analysis identifies Toll-like and Nod-like pathways and necroptosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11409-11421. [PMID: 32860486 PMCID: PMC7576255 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immunity play a causal role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodelling and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the pathways and mechanisms by which inflammation and immunity contribute to pulmonary vascular remodelling remain unknown. RNA sequencing was used to analyse the transcriptome in control and rats injected with monocrotaline (MCT) for various weeks. Using the transcriptional profiling of MCT‐induced PAH coupled with bioinformatics analysis, we clustered the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and chose the increased expression patterns associated with inflammatory and immune response. We found the enrichment of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) and Nod‐like receptor (NLR) pathways and identified NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory and immune profiling in MCT‐induced PAH. Pathway‐based data integration and visualization showed the dysregulated TLR and NLR pathways, including increased expression of TLR2 and NLRP3, and their downstream molecules. Further analysis revealed that the activation of TLR and NLR pathways was associated with up‐regulation of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and RIPK3‐mediated necroptosis was involved in the generation of DAMPs in MCT‐induced PAH. Collectively, we identify RIPK3‐mediated necroptosis and its triggered TLR and NLR pathways in the progression of pulmonary vascular remodelling, thus providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genfa Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Guili Lian
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyi Ye
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, People's Republic of China
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35
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Balbi C, Vassalli G. Exosomes: Beyond stem cells for cardiac protection and repair. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1387-1399. [PMID: 32761640 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The adult human heart has limited regenerative capacity; hence, stem cell therapy has been investigated as a potential approach for cardiac repair. However, a large part of the benefit of the injection of stem and progenitor cells into injured hearts is mediated by secreted factors. Exosomes-nano-sized secreted extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin-have emerged as key signaling organelles in intercellular communication, and are now viewed as the key regenerative constituent of the secretome of stem and progenitor cells. Exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac-derived progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibit cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and reparative abilities. This concise review discusses the therapeutic benefit of exosomes secreted by stem and progenitor cells in preclinical models of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Tobin SW, Alibhai FJ, Weisel RD, Li RK. Considering Cause and Effect of Immune Cell Aging on Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2020; 9:E1894. [PMID: 32823583 PMCID: PMC7465938 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the immune system for cardiac repair following myocardial infarction is undeniable; however, the complex nature of immune cell behavior has limited the ability to develop effective therapeutics. This limitation highlights the need for a better understanding of the function of each immune cell population during the inflammatory and resolution phases of cardiac repair. The development of reliable therapies is further complicated by aging, which is associated with a decline in cell and organ function and the onset of cardiovascular and immunological diseases. Aging of the immune system has important consequences on heart function as both chronic cardiac inflammation and an impaired immune response to cardiac injury are observed in older individuals. Several studies have suggested that rejuvenating the aged immune system may be a valid therapeutic candidate to prevent or treat heart disease. Here, we review the basic patterns of immune cell behavior after myocardial infarction and discuss the autonomous and nonautonomous manners of hematopoietic stem cell and immune cell aging. Lastly, we identify prospective therapies that may rejuvenate the aged immune system to improve heart function such as anti-inflammatory and senolytic therapies, bone marrow transplant, niche remodeling and regulation of immune cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Tobin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada; (S.W.T.); (F.J.A.); (R.D.W.)
| | - Faisal J. Alibhai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada; (S.W.T.); (F.J.A.); (R.D.W.)
| | - Richard D. Weisel
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada; (S.W.T.); (F.J.A.); (R.D.W.)
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada; (S.W.T.); (F.J.A.); (R.D.W.)
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
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37
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Advances in Exosomes Derived from Different Cell Sources and Cardiovascular Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7298687. [PMID: 32724810 PMCID: PMC7364237 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7298687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes can reach distant tissues through blood circulation to communicate directly with target cells and rapidly regulate intracellular signals. Exosomes play an important role in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Different exosomes derived from different sources, and their cargos have different mechanisms of action. In addition to being biomarkers, exosomes also have a certain significance in the diagnosis, treatment, and even prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide a review of the up-to-date applications of exosomes, derived from various sources, in the prognosis and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Zhang J, Cui X, Guo J, Cao C, Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhang L, Shen D, Lim K, Woodfield T, Tang J, Zhang J. Small but significant: Insights and new perspectives of exosomes in cardiovascular disease. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8291-8303. [PMID: 32578938 PMCID: PMC7412413 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major health problem worldwide, and health professionals are still actively seeking new and effective approaches for CVDs treatment. Presently, extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, have gained its popularity for CVDs treatment because of their function as messengers for inter- and extra-cellular communications to promote cellular functions in cardiovascular system. However, as a newly developed field, researchers are still trying to fully understand the role of exosomes, and their mechanism in mediating cardiac repair process. Therefore, a comprehensive review of this topic can be timely and favourable. In this review, we summarized the basic biogenesis and characterization of exosomes and then further extended the focus on the circulating exosomes in cellular communication and stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiac disease treatment. In addition, we covered interactions between the heart and other organs through exosomes, leading to the diagnostic characteristics of exosomes in CVDs. Future perspectives and limitations of exosomes in CVDs were also discussed with a special focus on exploring the potential delivery routes, targeting the injured tissue and engineering novel exosomes, as well as its potential as one novel target in the metabolism-related puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Medical Technologies Center of Research Excellence, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zenglei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Deliang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Khoon Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Medical Technologies Center of Research Excellence, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Medical Technologies Center of Research Excellence, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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