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Schalli M, Wolfsgruber A, Gonzalez Santana A, Tysoe C, Fischer R, Stütz AE, Thonhofer M, Withers SG. C-5a-substituted validamine type glycosidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2017; 440-441:1-9. [PMID: 28135569 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-alkyl derivatives of the D-galactosidase inhibitor 1,4-di-epi-validamine featuring lipophilic substituents at position C-5a was prepared and screened for their glycosidase inhibitory properties. Products turned out selective for β-galactosidases as well as β-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schalli
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Wolfsgruber
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andres Gonzalez Santana
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christina Tysoe
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Roland Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Arnold E Stütz
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Thonhofer
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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Park S, Hwang IW, Kim JS, Kang HC, Park SY, Gil HW, Song HY, Hong SY. The effects of nonyl phenoxypolyethoxyl ethanol on cell damage pathway gene expression in SK-NSH cells. Korean J Intern Med 2015; 30:873-83. [PMID: 26552463 PMCID: PMC4642017 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.30.6.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Most pesticide formulations contain both chief and additive ingredients. But, the additives may not have been tested as thoroughly as the chief ingredients. The surfactant, nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol (NP40), is an additive frequently present in pesticide formulations. We investigated the effects of NP40 and other constituents of a validamycin pesticide formulation on cell viability and on the expression of genes involved in cell damage pathways. METHODS The effects of validamycin pesticide ingredients on cell viability and of NP40 on the mRNA expression of 80 genes involved in nine key cellular pathways were examined in the human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cell line. RESULTS The chemicals present in the validamycin pesticide formulation were cytotoxic to SK-N-SH cells and NP40 showed the greatest cytotoxicity. A range of gene expression changes were identified, with both up- and down-regulation of genes within the same pathway. However, all genes tested in the necrosis signaling pathway were down-regulated and all genes tested in the cell cycle checkpoint/arrest pathway were up-regulated. The median fold-change in gene expression was significantly higher in the cell cycle checkpoint/arrest pathway than in the hypoxia pathway category (p = 0.0064). The 70 kDa heat shock protein 4 gene, within the heat shock protein/unfolded protein response category, showed the highest individual increase in expression (26.1-fold). CONCLUSIONS NP40 appeared to be particularly harmful, inducing gene expression changes that indicated genotoxicity, activation of the cell death (necrosis signaling) pathway, and induction of the 70 kDa heat shock protein 4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samel Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Il-woong Hwang
- Pesticide Intoxication Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jin-sheon Kim
- Pesticide Intoxication Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyo-chul Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Park
- Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyo-wook Gil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ho-yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sae-yong Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- Correspondence to Sae-yong Hong, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea Tel: +82-41-570-3682 Fax: +82-41-574-5762 E-mail:
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Zheng L, Zhou X, Zhang H, Ji X, Li L, Huang L, Bai L, Zhang H. Structural and functional analysis of validoxylamine A 7'-phosphate synthase ValL involved in validamycin A biosynthesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32033. [PMID: 22384130 PMCID: PMC3288074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Validamycin A (Val-A) is an effective antifungal agent widely used in Asian countries as crop protectant. Validoxylamine A, the core structure and intermediate of Val-A, consists of two C7-cyclitol units connected by a rare C-N bond. In the Val-A biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces hygroscopicus 5008, the ORF valL was initially annotated as a validoxylamine A 7′-phosphate(V7P) synthase, whose encoded 497-aa protein shows high similarity with trehalose 6-phosphate(T6P) synthase. Gene inactivation of valL abolished both validoxylamine A and validamycin A productivity, and complementation with a cloned valL recovered 10% production of the wild-type in the mutant, indicating the involvement of ValL in validoxylamine A biosynthesis. Also we determined the structures of ValL and ValL/trehalose complex. The structural data indicates that ValL adopts the typical fold of GT-B protein family, featuring two Rossmann-fold domains and an active site at domain junction. The residues in the active site are arranged in a manner homologous to that of Escherichia coli (E.coli) T6P synthase OtsA. However, a significant discrepancy is found in the active-site loop region. Also noticeable structural variance is found around the active site entrance in the apo ValL structure while the region takes an ordered configuration upon binding of product analog trehalose. Furthermore, the modeling of V7P in the active site of ValL suggests that ValL might have a similar SNi-like mechanism as OtsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zheng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaidong Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linquan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (Houjin Zhang); (LB)
| | - Houjin Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (Houjin Zhang); (LB)
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Totokotsopoulos SM, Koumbis AE, Gallos JK. Facile synthesis of 6a-carba-β-d-fructopyranose through an RCM approach. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Synthetic efforts for stereo structure determination of cytotoxic marine natural product pericosines as metabolites of Periconia sp. from sea hare. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:401-421. [PMID: 19325758 PMCID: PMC2635666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericosines are unique C7 cyclohexenoid metabolites of Periconia byssoides OUPS-N133 fungus that was originally isolated from the sea hare, Aplysia kurodai. Pericosines show significant in vitro cytotoxicity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia cells. Pericosine A, in particular, shows the most potent activity and significant in vivo antitumor activity against P388 cells. Thus, pericosines are promising candidates for seed compounds of anticancer drugs. However, before the total syntheses of pericosines were accomplished, their stereo structures could not be determined by spectral analyses because they have multi-functionalized cyclohexenoid structures with torsional strain. In this review, synthetic efforts for pericosines in this decade are surveyed.
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A new method for the synthesis of carba-sugar enones (gabosines) using a mercury(II)-mediated opening of 4,5-cyclopropanated pyranosides as the key-step. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Singh D, Seo MJ, Kwon HJ, Rajkarnikar A, Kim KR, Kim SO, Suh JW. Genetic localization and heterologous expression of validamycin biosynthetic gene cluster isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. limoneus KCCM 11405 (IFO 12704). Gene 2006; 376:13-23. [PMID: 16725283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The validamycin biosynthetic gene cluster was isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. limoneus KTCC 1715 (IFO 12704) using a pair of degenerated PCR primers designed from the sequence of AcbC, 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone synthase in the acarbose biosynthesis. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the 37-kb DNA region revealed 22 complete ORFs including vldA, the acbC ortholog. Located around vldA, vldB to K were predicted to encode adenyltransferase, kinase, ketoreductase (or epimerase/dehydratase), glycosyltransferase, aminotransferase, dehydrogenase, phosphatase/phosphomutase, glycosyl hydrolase, transport protein, and glycosyltransferase, respectively. Apparently absent were any regulatory components within the sequenced region. The disruption of vldA abolished the validamycin biosynthesis and the plasmid-based complementation with vldABC restored production to the vldA-mutant; this substantiated that vldABC are essential to validamycin biosynthesis. This finding enabled us to discover the complete validamycin biosynthetic cluster. The cosmid clone of pJWS3001 harboring the 37-kb DNA region conferred validamycin-accumulation to Streptomyces lividans, indicating that the entire gene cluster of validamycin biosynthesis had been isolated. Additionally, Streptomyces albus, transformed with pJWS3001, produced a high level of alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity in a R2YE liquid culture, which highlights the portability of the cluster within Streptomyces. The product of vldI was characterized as a glucoamylase (kcat, 32 s(-1); K(m), 5 mg/ml of starch) that does not play any apparent role in the validamycin biosynthesis. In order to characterize the upstream region, a vldW knockout was achieved via gene-replacement. A phenotypic study of the resulting mutant revealed that vldW is not essential for the host's ability to control Pellicularia filamentosa growth. The current information suggests that vldA to vldH is the genetic region essential to validamycin biosynthesis. This promises excellent opportunities to elucidate biosynthetic route(s) to the validamycin complex and to engineer the pathway for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Singh
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Myongji University, Yongin, 449-728, Republic of Korea
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Chen X, Fan Y, Zheng Y, Shen Y. Properties and production of valienamine and its related analogues. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1955-77. [PMID: 12744697 DOI: 10.1021/cr0102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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Abstract
The studies reported here have established the biosynthetic origin of the mC7N units of acarbose and validamycin from sedo-heptulose 7-phosphate, and have identified 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone as the initial cyclization product. The deoxyhexose moiety of acarbose arises from glucose with deoxythymidyl-diphospho-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose (dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose) as a proximate intermediate. However, despite the identical origin of the aminocyclitol moieties in acarbose and validamycin A, the pathways of their formation seem to be substantially different. Validamycin A formation involves a number of discrete ketocyclitol intermediates, 5-epi-valiolone, valienone, and validone, whereas no free intermediates have been identified on the pathway from 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone to the pseudodisaccharide moiety of acarbose. The stage is now set for unraveling the mechanism or mechanisms by which the two components of the pseudodisaccharide moieties of acarbose and validamycin are uniquely coupled to each other via a nitrogen bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mahmud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-1700, USA
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Kim KS, Choi SO, Park JM, Lee YJ, Kim JH. Introduction of cis-vicinal amino alcohol functionality into the cyclohexane ring employing (1S,2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol: synthesis of enantiopure aminocyclohexitols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Mahmud T, Xu J, Choi YU. Synthesis of 5-epi-[6-(2)H(2)]valiolone and stereospecifically monodeuterated 5-epi-valiolones: exploring the steric course of 5-epi-valiolone dehydratase in validamycin A biosynthesis. J Org Chem 2001; 66:5066-73. [PMID: 11463258 DOI: 10.1021/jo0101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In validamycin A biosynthesis, as well as that of acarbose, the valienamine and validamine moieties are ultimately derived from a C(7) sugar, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, which is cyclized to 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone by a cyclase that operates via a dehydroquinate (DHQ) synthase-like mechanism. 2-epi-5-epi-Valiolone is first epimerized at C-2 to give 5-epi-valiolone and then dehydrated between C-5 and C-6 to yield valienone. To probe the dehydration mechanism of 5-epi-valiolone to valienone, stereospecifically 6alpha- and 6beta-monodeuterated 5-epi-valiolones were synthesized. The key step in the synthesis was desulfurization of the tetrabenzyl-6,6-bis(methylthio)-5-epi-valiolone and introduction of the deuterium utilizing Zn, NiCl(2), ND(4)Cl/D(2)O, and THF. Extensive studies using various combinations of protio- and deuteroreagents and solvents probed the mechanism of the reductive desulfurization, which is crucial for the preparation of stereospecifically monodeuterated 5-epi-valiolones. Incorporation experiments with the labeled precursors in the validamycin A producer strain, Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. limoneus, revealed that the dehydration of 5-epi-valiolone to valienone occurs by a syn elimination of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mahmud
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA.
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Dong H, Mahmud T, Tornus I, Lee S, Floss HG. Biosynthesis of the validamycins: identification of intermediates in the biosynthesis of validamycin A by Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. limoneus. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:2733-42. [PMID: 11456959 DOI: 10.1021/ja003643n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To study the biosynthesis of the pseudotrisaccharide antibiotic, validamycin A (1), a number of potential precursors of the antibiotic were synthesized in (2)H-, (3)H-, or (13)C-labeled form and fed to cultures of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. limoneus. The resulting validamycin A from each of these feeding experiments was isolated, purified and analyzed by liquid scintillation counting, (2)H- or (13)C NMR or selective ion monitoring mass spectrometry (SIM-MS) techniques. The results demonstrate that 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone (9) is specifically incorporated into 1 and labels both cyclitol moieties. This suggests that 9 is the initial cyclization product generated from an open-chain C(7) precursor, D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (5), by a DHQ synthase-like cyclization mechanism. A more proximate precursor of 1 is valienone (11), which is also incorporated into both cyclitol moieties. The conversion of 9 into 11 involves first epimerization to 5-epi-valiolone (10), which is efficiently incorporated into 1, followed by dehydration, although a low level of incorporation of 2-epi-valienone (15) is also observed. Reduction of 11 affords validone (12), which is also incorporated specifically into 1, but labels only the reduced cyclitol moiety. The mode of introduction of the nitrogen atom linking the two pseudosaccharide moieties is not clear yet. 7-Tritiated valiolamine (8), valienamine (2), and validamine (3) were all not incorporated into 1, although each of these amines has been isolated from the fermentation, with 3 being most prevalent. Demonstration of in vivo formation of [7-(3)H]validamine ([7-(3)H]-3) from [7-(3)H]-12 suggests that 3 may be a pathway intermediate and that the nonincorporation of [7-(3)H]-3 into 1 is due to a lack of cellular uptake. We thus propose that 3, formed by amination of 12, and 11 condense to form a Schiff base, which is reduced to the pseudodisaccharide unit, validoxylamine A (13). Transfer of a D-glucose unit to the 4'-position of 13 then completes the biosynthesis of 1. Other possibilities for the mechanism of formation of the nitrogen bridge between the two pseudosaccharide units are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
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13
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Qin Z, Peng K, Zhou X, Liang R, Zhou Q, Chen H, Hopwood DA, Kieser T, Deng Z. Development of a gene cloning system for Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. yingchengensis, a producer of three useful antifungal compounds, by elimination of three barriers to DNA transfer. J Bacteriol 1994; 176:2090-5. [PMID: 8144475 PMCID: PMC205315 DOI: 10.1128/jb.176.7.2090-2095.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces hygroscopicus 10-22 could not be transformed with any of the commonly used Streptomyces plasmid vectors and was resistant to plaque formation by the Streptomyces phages phi C31 and R4. Repeated selection resulted in the isolation of derivatives of S. hygroscopicus 10-22 that could be transformed with pIJ101- and pJV1-derived cloning vectors and of restriction-deficient derivatives that could accept DNA propagated in Streptomyces lividans 66. These new strains, which include three that still produce the original antibiotics, can be used as hosts for gene cloning. Insertion of nonreplicating vectors by homologous recombination and transposition of Tn4560 were demonstrated in S. hygroscopicus 10-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Qin
- Department of Soil Sciences and Agrochemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Bach G, Breiding-Mack S, Grabley S, Hammann P, Hütter K, Thiericke R, Uhr H, Wink J, Zeeck A. Secondary Metabolites by Chemical Screening, 22. Gabosines, New Carba-sugars FromStreptomyces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199319930143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suami
- Department of Chemistry, Meisei University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Buchenauer H. Physiological Reactions in the Inhibition of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. CHEMISTRY OF PLANT PROTECTION 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-46674-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Trinci AP. Effect of validamycin A andl-sorbose on the growth and morphology ofRhizoctonia cerealis andRhizoctonia solani. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0147-5975(85)90043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Toyokuni T, Ogawa S, Suami T. Synthetic Studies on the Validamycins. IV. Synthesis of DL-Valienamine and Related Branched-chain Unsaturated Aminocyclitols. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1983. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.56.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Toyokuni T, Abe Y, Ogawa S, Suami T. Synthetic Studies on the Validamycins. III. Bromination of DL-Tri-O-acetyl-(1,3/2)-4-methylene-5-cyclohexene-1,2,3-triol. Preparation of Several Branched-chain Unsaturated Cyclitols Related to Valienamine. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1983. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.56.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Truscheit E, Frommer W, Junge B, Müller L, Schmidt DD, Wingender W. Chemie und Biochemie mikrobieller α-Glucosidasen-Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19810930905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ryley JF, Wilson RG, Gravestock MB, Poyser JP. Experimental approaches to antifungal chemotherapy. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1981; 18:49-176. [PMID: 7034505 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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