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Dee EC, Laversanne M, Bhoo-Pathy N, Ho FDV, Feliciano EJG, Eala MAB, Ting FIL, Ginsburg O, Moraes FY, Gyawali B, Gomez SL, Ng K, Wu JF, Jain U, Jain B, Columbres RC, Matsuda T, Sangrajrang S, Sinuraya ES, Bui TD, Wei W, Won YJ, Foo LL, Ling MCA, Mery L, Soerjomataram I, Bray F. Cancer incidence and mortality estimates in 2022 in southeast Asia: a comparative analysis. Lancet Oncol 2025; 26:516-528. [PMID: 40024257 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(25)00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in southeast Asia. We aimed to present and interpret cancer incidence and mortality statistics in the 11 constituent countries of Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Viet Nam to inform research priorities, health services, and cancer policy. METHODS The number of new incident cases and deaths for all cancers combined and for leading cancers were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database developed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer for the 11 countries in southeast Asia. For comparison, we extracted estimates from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, and the USA. We estimated age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100 000 person-years; projections to 2050 were also estimated by multiplying ASIR and ASMR estimates for 2022 by the expected population for 2050. Data on race or ethnicity were not collected. FINDINGS Data were extracted on Dec 5, 2024. For the 11 countries in southeast Asia for all cancers combined, 545 725 (47·6%) of a total of 1 146 810 incident cases were estimated in men and 601 085 (52·4%) incident cases were estimated in women in 2022. In the same period, 385 430 (53·8%) of a total of 716 116 deaths were estimated in men and 330 686 (46·2%) deaths were estimated in women. The total cancer ASIR in men and women was highest in Singapore (235·89 per 100 000 and 231·01 per 100 000 respectively), while the corresponding ASMR was greatest in Laos for men (132·91 per 100 000) and Brunei for women (104·20 per 100 000). Breast cancer was the most common cancer among women in all countries (highest ASIRs in Singapore [72·61 per 100 000] and the Philippines [60·34 per 100 000]), and the most common cause of cancer mortality among women in the Philippines (ASMR 21·47 per 100 000), Malaysia (19·30 per 100 000), Singapore (17·82 per 100 000), Viet Nam (14·67 per 100 000), Indonesia (14·35 per 100 000), and Timor-Leste (10·24 per 100 000). Among men, lung cancer was the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the Philippines (ASIR 37·66 per 100 000), Malaysia (23·23 per 100 000), Myanmar (21·59 per 100 000), and Indonesia (21·30 per 100 000), and the leading cause of death due to cancer in the Philippines (ASMR 33·59 per 100 000), Singapore (31·94 per 100 000), Brunei (23·84 per 100 000), Malaysia (20·42 per 100 000), Myanmar (19·91 per 100 000), Indonesia (18·96 per 100 000), and Timor-Leste (12·95 per 100 000). Liver cancer contributed the greatest incidence and mortality in men in Cambodia, Laos, Viet Nam, and Thailand, and was also the leading cause of death due to cancer among women in Laos (ASMR 13·49 per 100 000), Cambodia (13·34 per 100 000), and Thailand (12·14 per 100 000). Cervical cancer was the leading cause of death due to cancer in women in Myanmar (ASMR 13·37 per 100 000); colorectal cancer was the most common cancer in men in Singapore (ASIR 39·41 per 100 00) and Brunei (37·70 per 100 000). By 2050, 2·03 million new cases of cancer are anticipated in southeast Asia annually, an 89·2% increase in men and a 65·6% increase in women, relative to 2022. INTERPRETATION The current patterns of cancer incidence and mortality in southeast Asia are primarily driven by breast cancer in women and lung cancer in men, but infection-related cancers (liver and cervix) are common in some countries. Regional collaborations must be strengthened to improve cancer prevention, diagnosis, care, and research in southeast Asia. FUNDING National Cancer Institute and the Prostate Cancer Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Christopher Dee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Laversanne
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nirmala Bhoo-Pathy
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Erin Jay G Feliciano
- Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines; Department of Medicine, NYC Health+Hospitals/Elmhurst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Ann B Eala
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frederic Ivan L Ting
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital, Bacolod, Philippines; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of St La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines
| | - Ophira Ginsburg
- Centre for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Ynoe Moraes
- Department of Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Radiology and Oncology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Bishal Gyawali
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenrick Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - James Fan Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Urvish Jain
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bhav Jain
- Department of Health Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rod Carlo Columbres
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Tomohiro Matsuda
- Center for Cancer Registries, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suleeporn Sangrajrang
- National Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Evlina Suzanna Sinuraya
- Department of National Quality Control for Cancer Burden and Networking, Dharmais National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tung Duc Bui
- Ho Chi Minh Cancer Registry, Ho Chi Minh City Oncological Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Young-Joo Won
- Division of Health Administration, College of Software Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | | | - Mei Chuan Annie Ling
- Health Promotion Board, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Les Mery
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Prevalence and genotype distribution of viral hepatitis B in Cambodia between 1990 and 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:119. [PMID: 35418163 PMCID: PMC9006504 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major public health problems globally as well as in Cambodia. Continuous information on HBV infection burden is required to implement effective disease control strategies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of HBV infection in Cambodia through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Methods Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were used to search published studies reporting either HBV prevalence or genotype distribution in Cambodia until August 21, 2020. Reviews, modeling studies, and studies conducted among Cambodian permanently living abroad were excluded. The Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation was implemented to achieve approximate normality. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled estimates based on the transformed values and their variance. Possible publication bias was assessed by the Egger test and the funnel plot. Results A total of 22 studies were included, covering 22,323 people. Ten studies reported HBV prevalence in the general population. The HBV infection prevalence was 4.73% (95%CI: 2.75–7.17%) in the general population and 19.87% (95%CI: 10.95–30.63%) in high-risk/co-infected groups. By sub-group analysis, the prevalence was 6.81% (95% CI: 4.43–9.66) in adults older than 15 years old, 2.37% (95% CI:0.04–7.05) in children 6–15 years old, and 2.47% (95% CI: 0.96–4.59) in children less than five years old. The prevalence of HBV infection decreased over time. Predominant HBV genotypes were genotypes C and B with 82.96% and 16.79%, respectively. Conclusions The decrease in HBV infection prevalence in Cambodia demonstrates the effects of national hepatitis B immunization, improved clinical hygiene, and the use of disposable devices. However, the estimated HBV prevalence among the general population indicates an intermediate endemicity level of HBV infection. Therefore, population screening and linkage to care, high vaccination coverage, health promotion, and HBV surveillance are essential to meet the WHO 2030 goal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00880-9.
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Louangpradith V, Phoummalaysith B, Kariya T, Saw YM, Yamamoto E, Hamajima N. Disease frequency among inpatients at a tertiary general hospital in Lao PDR. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2020; 82:113-121. [PMID: 32273639 PMCID: PMC7103859 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.82.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), reports on disease frequency are very limited. This study aimed to report frequencies of the main cause of admission among inpatients of a tertiary general hospital (Mittaphab Hospital) in Vientiane. Subjects were inpatients who were admitted from January 3 to February 2 in 2017. The dataset were made as a pilot run to establish hospital statistics. The data on sex, age, address (province), dates of admission and discharge, and main diagnosis were collected from paper-based medical charts. International Classification of Diseases 10 was applied for classifying the main diagnosis. During the 1-month period, 1,201 inpatients (637 males and 564 females) were admitted, including 171 (14.2%) aged <20 years and 254 (21.1%) aged ≥60 years. About 20% patients were from outside of Vientiane. Among them, 67.5% (62.5% in males and 73.8% in females) were admitted within 7 days. The main causes with more than 10% in males were injury and poisoning S00-T98 (49.8%), while those in females were injury and poisoning S00-T98 (25.2%), pregnancy and childbirth O00-O99 (19.0%), and diseases of genitourinary system N00-N99 (13.7%). Injury and poisoning S00-T98 among inpatients aged <20 years was 81.8% in males and 59.0% in females. Among those aged 20–59 years, it was 49.9% and 22.4%, and among those aged ≥60 years it was 22.3% and 16.9%, respectively. This is the first report on the frequencies of main diseases among inpatients in Lao PDR. Injury was the first main cause of admission at the tertiary hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viengsakhone Louangpradith
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Mittaphab Hospital, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | | | - Tetsuyoshi Kariya
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Nagoya University Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yu Mon Saw
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Nagoya University Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiko Yamamoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Vorn R, Touch S, Ryu E. Depression and health-related quality of life among Cambodian patients with cancer. Int J Health Plann Manage 2019; 34:e1747-e1759. [PMID: 31414509 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptom assessment and quality of life (QoL) are considered two of the most important factors in the overall care of cancer patients. Although cancer is one of the leading causes of death after communicable disease in Cambodia, the QoL of Cambodian cancer patients has not been examined previously. This study aimed to describe the QoL of cancer patients in Cambodia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with cancer patients who visited Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh. Two hundred patients participated in this study. The inventory comprised two previously validated scales: the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10 (CESD-10) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30. Descriptive analyses, independent samples t-tests, and Pearson's correlation analysis were performed to examine the differences and relationship between study variables. RESULTS The mean global health score was 51.62, and 58.5% of the participants had depressive symptom. The global health score was statistically significantly lower in depressive patients. The QoL was negatively correlated with depression, but positively and significant correlated with physical function, role function, emotional function, cognitive function, and social function. CONCLUSION This study is the first to describe the QoL of Cambodian cancer patients. Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to psychological concerns and symptom management in Cambodian cancer patients. Appropriate management could be effective in improving the QoL of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rany Vorn
- Chung-Ang University School of Graduate, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Chung-Ang University, Department of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Socheat Touch
- Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital and Clinical Lecturer at University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Eunjung Ryu
- Chung-Ang University, Department of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Fujimoto M, Chuon C, Nagashima S, Yamamoto C, Ko K, Svay S, Hok S, Lim O, Ohisa M, Akita T, Katayama K, Matsuo J, Takahashi K, Tanaka J. A seroepidemiological survey of the effect of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B and C virus infections among elementary school students in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:E172-E182. [PMID: 28753243 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to survey the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among elementary school students in Siem Reap province, Cambodia and to evaluate the effects of a national infant HBV vaccination program introduced in 2001. METHODS Students in 3rd grade during the 2011, 2012, and 2013 academic years were enrolled in this study; at the time of the second examination, in the 2014-2015 academic year, the students were in 5th or 6th grade. The incidence and prevalence rates of HBV and HCV infection were estimated and full HBV sequences were analyzed. RESULTS Among 248 students (107 male and 141 female) born between 1999 and 2005, five students were HBV surface antigen (HBs-Ag) positive (2.02%), and all of them were infected with genotype C. Among them, subgenotype C1 was found in four students and, unexpectedly, complete genetic sequence identity of subgenotype C1 was found in two students from different families. The anti-HBV core (HBc) and anti-HBs prevalence rates were 10.89% and 16.13%, respectively. Twenty-five students were positive for anti-HBs and negative for both HBsAg and anti-HBc (10.08%; estimated serological vaccination rate); this rate increased significantly with the birth year (P = 0.0229). Prevalence of anti-HCV was 2.82%, and HCV RNA was not detected. The estimated incidence of HBV and HCV infection were both 0/1000 person-years (PY) (95% confidence interval, 0-20.61/1000 PY and 0-14.50/1000 PY, respectively). CONCLUSION Hepatitis B virus full-genome sequencing and serological analysis revealed the possibility of horizontal transmission of HBV among Cambodian schoolchildren. However, the anti-HBc positivity rate decreased along with increasing age and estimated serological vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Fujimoto
- Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Channarena Chuon
- Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nagashima
- Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chikako Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ko Ko
- Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Sirany Hok
- Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Olline Lim
- Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Masayuki Ohisa
- Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Katayama
- Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuo
- Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Toshiba General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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