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Hodge L, Bucalo B, Ritz H, Sampson T, Song C, Suh E, Tang J, Varghese S, Warren T, Yeske K. Thirteen years progress: a scoping review of suicide prevention initiatives in post-secondary settings. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38466319 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2308259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Describe the literature on suicide prevention initiatives (SPIs) in post-secondary settings internationally since 2010. Methods: A scoping review and bibliographic search were conducted across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data in consultation with a community social work team. Included articles described SPIs in post-secondary settings. Secondary sources and articles unavailable in English were excluded. Results: After identifying 931 citations, 76 articles representing five continents were included. Included articles spanned 2010 to 2023. Most articles represented North America, used quantitative methods, and focused on gatekeepers. SPIs in post-secondary settings were characterized by standardized and commercially available training programs and a wide variety of 'in-house' initiatives unique to campus communities. Conclusions: The quantity of research on SPIs in post-secondary settings has not kept pace with escalating mental health issues and the extent to which suicide is an urgent public health issue for young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hodge
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brianna Bucalo
- Wellness Supports Community Social Work Team, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather Ritz
- Wellness Supports Community Social Work Team, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiffany Sampson
- Wellness Supports Community Social Work Team, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claire Song
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin Suh
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kyra Yeske
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Preventing Youth Suicide: Potential "Crossover Effects" of Existing School-Based Programs. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:382-392. [PMID: 36484887 PMCID: PMC9734872 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Notable increases in youth mental health problems combined with strains on the already stretched mental health workforce raise concerns that there will be an ensuing increase in youth suicide thoughts, behaviors, and even deaths. Schools are recognized as crucial settings for youth mental health support and suicide prevention activities, yet schools also face staff shortages and ever-increasing responsibilities for student well-being. Evidence is emerging that prevention programs originally designed to improve problem-solving skills and social-emotional functioning in youth have demonstrated downstream, "crossover effects," that is, unanticipated benefits, on youth suicidal behavior. Relatively little research on crossover effects has been conducted within school settings, despite the strong potential for commonly administered programs to have an impact on later suicide risk. We review key suicide risk factors and their proposed mechanisms of action; we also discuss factors that may protect against suicide risk. We then identify upstream prevention programs targeting the same factors and mechanisms; these programs may hold promise for downstream, crossover effects on youth suicide risk. This paper is intended to provide a framework to help researchers, practitioners, and policymakers as they consider how to prevent youth suicide using existing school-based resources. Rigorous investigation of upstream prevention programs is urgently needed to determine ideal approaches schools and communities can deploy to prevent youth suicide.
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Chikwava F, Cordier R, Ferrante A, O’Donnell M, Speyer R, Parsons L. Research using population-based administration data integrated with longitudinal data in child protection settings: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249088. [PMID: 33760881 PMCID: PMC7990188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade there has been a marked growth in the use of linked population administrative data for child protection research. This is the first systematic review of studies to report on research design and statistical methods used where population-based administrative data is integrated with longitudinal data in child protection settings. METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The electronic databases Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO, Embase, ERIC, and CINAHL were systematically searched in November 2019 to identify all the relevant studies. The protocol for this review was registered and published with Open Science Framework (Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/96PX8). RESULTS The review identified 30 studies reporting on child maltreatment, mental health, drug and alcohol abuse and education. The quality of almost all studies was strong, however the studies rated poorly on the reporting of data linkage methods. The statistical analysis methods described failed to take into account mediating factors which may have an indirect effect on the outcomes of interest and there was lack of utilisation of multi-level analysis. CONCLUSION We recommend reporting of data linkage processes through following recommended and standardised data linkage processes, which can be achieved through greater co-ordination among data providers and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadzai Chikwava
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Reinie Cordier
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Ferrante
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa O’Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Centre for Child Protection, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Renée Speyer
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Parsons
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Ayer L, Colpe L, Pearson J, Rooney M, Murphy E. Advancing Research in Child Suicide: A Call to Action. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:1028-1035. [PMID: 32145297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To highlight the problem of child suicide, summarize what is known and not known about the problem in the empirical literature, and provide recommendations with ethical considerations for future research and practice. METHOD The development of this paper was informed by a meeting of national experts on the topic hosted by the National Institute of Mental Health, as well as by a review of the empirical literature. RESULTS We know something about demographic characteristics that are related to higher child suicide rates, but beyond that we know relatively little about risk factors, prevention, and intervention for suicide risk in children <12 years. It is important for child suicide researchers and practitioners to pay particular attention to ethical issues that may be likely to arise in doing this type of work. CONCLUSION Much more research is needed on child suicide in the areas of measurement, prevention, and intervention in order to advance the field and provide practitioners with the tools that they critically need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Colpe
- National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jane Pearson
- National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mary Rooney
- National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eric Murphy
- National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland
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Liu D, Yu M, Duncan J, Fondario A, Kharrazi H, Nestadt PS. Discovering the Unclassified Suicide Cases Among Undetermined Drug Overdose Deaths Using Machine Learning Techniques. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:333-344. [PMID: 31536175 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monitor accidental and intentional deaths to answer questions that are critical for the development of effective prevention and resource allocation. CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) is a major innovation in surveillance linking individual-level data from multiple sources. However, suicide underreporting is common, particularly from drug overdose deaths. This study sought to assess machine learning (ML) techniques in quantifying drug overdose suicide underreporting rates. METHODS Clinical, sociodemographic, toxicological, and proximal stressor data on overdose decedents (n = 2,665) were extracted from Utah's NVDRS from 2012 to 2015. The existing well-determined cases were used to train and test our ML models. We assessed and compared multiple machine learning methods including Logistic Regression, Random Forest Classifier, Support Vector Machines, and Artificial Neural Networks. We applied a majority voting methodology to classify undetermined drug overdose deaths. RESULTS Overdose suicide rates were estimated to be underreported by 33% across all years, increasing yearly from 29% in 2012 to 37% in 2015. The overall test accuracies for all models ranged from 92.3% to 94.6%. CONCLUSIONS This research identifies a cost-effective, replicable, and expandable ML-based methodology to estimate the true rates of suicide which may be partially masked during the opioid epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Liu
- West High School, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mia Yu
- The College, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Hadi Kharrazi
- Center for Population Health IT, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Health Sciences Informatics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul S Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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van Schaik P, Peng Y, Ojelabi A, Ling J. Explainable statistical learning in public health for policy development: the case of real-world suicide data. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:152. [PMID: 31315579 PMCID: PMC6636096 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the availability of publicly available data related to public health has significantly increased. These data have substantial potential to develop public health policy; however, this requires meaningful and insightful analysis. Our aim is to demonstrate how data analysis techniques can be used to address the issues of data reduction, prediction and explanation using online available public health data, in order to provide a sound basis for informing public health policy. METHODS Observational suicide prevention data were analysed from an existing online United Kingdom national public health database. Multi-collinearity analysis and principal-component analysis were used to reduce correlated data, followed by regression analyses for prediction and explanation of suicide. RESULTS Multi-collinearity analysis was effective in reducing the indicator set of predictors by 30% and principal component analysis further reduced the set by 86%. Regression for prediction identified four significant indicator predictors of suicide behaviour (emergency hospital admissions for intentional self-harm, children leaving care, statutory homelessness and self-reported well-being/low happiness) and two main component predictors (relatedness dysfunction, and behavioural problems and mental illness). Regression for explanation identified significant moderation of a well-being predictor (low happiness) of suicide behaviour by a social factor (living alone), thereby supporting existing theory and providing insight beyond the results of regression for prediction. Two independent predictors capturing relatedness needs in social care service delivery were also identified. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the effectiveness of regression techniques in the analysis of online public health data. Regression analysis for prediction and explanation can both be appropriate for public health data analysis for a better understanding of public health outcomes. It is therefore essential to clarify the aim of the analysis (prediction accuracy or theory development) as a basis for choosing the most appropriate model. We apply these techniques to the analysis of suicide data; however, we argue that the analysis presented in this study should be applied to datasets across public health in order to improve the quality of health policy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul van Schaik
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA UK
| | - Yonghong Peng
- The University of Sunderland, St Peters Campus, St Peters Way, Sunderland, SR6 0DD UK
| | - Adedokun Ojelabi
- The University of Sunderland, St Peters Campus, St Peters Way, Sunderland, SR6 0DD UK
| | - Jonathan Ling
- The University of Sunderland, St Peters Campus, St Peters Way, Sunderland, SR6 0DD UK
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Musci RJ, Kharrazi H, Wilson RF, Susukida R, Gharghabi F, Zhang A, Wissow L, Robinson KA, Wilcox HC. The study of effect moderation in youth suicide-prevention studies. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:1303-1310. [PMID: 30088027 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide is now the second leading cause of death among persons between the ages of adolescents and emerging adults and rates have increased despite more funding and broader implementation of youth suicide-prevention programs. A systematic review was conducted focusing on identifying youth suicide-prevention studies within the United States. This paper reports on the methods utilized for understanding possible moderators of suicide-prevention program outcomes. METHODS We searched six databases from 1990 through August 2017 to identify studies of suicide-preventive interventions among those under age 26 years. Two independent team members screened search results and sequentially extracted information related to statistical methods of moderation analyses. RESULTS 69 articles were included in the systematic review of which only 17 (24.6%) explored treatment effect heterogeneity using moderation analysis. The most commonly used analytic tool was regression with an interaction term. The moderators studied included demographic characteristics such as gender and ethnicity as well as individual characteristics such as traumatic stress exposure and multiple prior suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS With a greater emphasis from the federal government and funding agencies on precision prevention, understanding which prevention programs work for specific subgroups is essential. Only a small percentage of the reviewed articles assessed moderation effects. This is a substantial research gap driven by sample size or other limitations which have impeded the identification of intervention effect heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashelle J Musci
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Room 831, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Hadi Kharrazi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Room 831, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Renee F Wilson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Room 831, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ryoko Susukida
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Room 831, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Fardad Gharghabi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Room 831, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Allen Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Room 831, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lawrence Wissow
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Room 831, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Karen A Robinson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Room 831, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Room 831, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Rhodes AE, Boyle MH, Bridge JA, Sinyor M, Katz LY, Bennett K, Newton AS, Links PS, Tonmyr L, Skinner R, Cheung A, Bethell J, Carlisle C. Les soins médicaux de jeunes hommes et de jeunes femmes qui décèdent par suicide. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2018; 63:161-169. [PMID: 29121806 PMCID: PMC5846965 DOI: 10.1177/0706743717741060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior year medical care was compared among youth dying by suicide to their peers. Effect modification of these associations by age or place of residency (rural versus larger community sizes) was examined in a large, medically insured population. METHOD This population-based case control study used data from the Office of the Chief Coroner in Ontario, Canada, linked to health care administrative data to examine associations between medical care for mental health or other reasons (versus no medical care) and suicide. Decedents ( n = 1203 males and n = 454 females) were youth (aged 10 to 25 years) who died by suicide in Ontario between April 2003 and March 2014, inclusive. Peers of the same ages were frequency matched to decedents on sex and place of residency. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals and to test effect modification. RESULTS Associations with mental health care were stronger in decedents than peers with a gradation of care (i.e., outpatient only, emergency department [ED], inpatient care) in both sexes. However, these associations were weaker among youth living in rural communities. Furthermore, older males (aged 18 to 25 years) were less likely than younger males (aged 10 to 17 years) to access the ED (ambulatory care only). This decrease was observed in rural and larger communities alongside no increase in medical care for other reasons. CONCLUSIONS Geographical and age-related barriers to mental health care exist for youth who die by suicide. Preventive efforts can address these barriers, intervening early and integrating services, including the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Rhodes
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,2 The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario.,3 The Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Ontario.,4 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Michael H Boyle
- 3 The Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Ontario.,4 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.,5 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Jeffrey A Bridge
- 6 Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,7 The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Sinyor
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,8 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario.,9 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Laurence Y Katz
- 10 Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,11 Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Kathryn Bennett
- 3 The Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Ontario.,4 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.,5 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Amanda S Newton
- 12 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Paul S Links
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- 13 Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa
| | - Robin Skinner
- 13 Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa
| | - Amy Cheung
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,8 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario.,9 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jennifer Bethell
- 14 The Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Corine Carlisle
- 15 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,16 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario
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Wissow LS, Brown JD, Hilt RJ, Sarvet BD. Evaluating Integrated Mental Health Care Programs for Children and Youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2017; 26:795-814. [PMID: 28916015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evaluations of integrated care programs share many characteristics of evaluations of other complex health system interventions. However, evaluating integrated care for child and adolescent mental health poses special challenges that stem from the broad range of social, emotional, and developmental problems that need to be addressed; the need to integrate care for other family members; and the lack of evidence-based interventions already adapted for primary care settings. Integrated care programs for children's mental health need to adapt and learn on the fly, so that evaluations may best be viewed through the lens of continuous quality improvement rather than evaluations of fixed programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Wissow
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 North Broadway, Room 949, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Brown
- Mathematica Policy Research, 1100 1st Street, NE 12th Floor, Washington, DC 20024-2512, USA
| | - Robert J Hilt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, M/S CPH, PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Barry D Sarvet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Medical School at Baystate, 759 Chestnut Street, WG703, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
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