1
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Ghiasi SM, Christensen NM, Pedersen PA, Skovhøj EZ, Novak I. Imaging of extracellular and intracellular ATP in pancreatic beta cells reveals correlation between glucose metabolism and purinergic signalling. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111109. [PMID: 38373668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a universal energy molecule and yet cells release it and extracellular ATP is an important signalling molecule between cells. Monitoring of ATP levels outside of cells is important for our understanding of physiological and pathophysiological processes in cells/tissues. Here, we focus on pancreatic beta cells (INS-1E) and test the hypothesis that there is an association between intra- and extracellular ATP levels which depends on glucose provision. We imaged real-time changes in extracellular ATP in pancreatic beta cells using two sensors tethered to extracellular aspects of the plasma membrane (eATeam3.10, iATPSnFR1.0). Increase in glucose induced fast micromolar ATP release to the cell surface, depending on glucose concentrations. Chronic pre-treatment with glucose increased the basal ATP signal. In addition, we co-expressed intracellular ATP sensors (ATeam1.30, PercevalHR) in the same cultures and showed that glucose induced fast increases in extracellular and intracellular ATP. Glucose and extracellular ATP stimulated glucose transport monitored by the glucose sensor (FLII12Pglu-700uDelta6). In conclusion, we propose that in beta cells there is a dynamic relation between intra- and extracellular ATP that depends on glucose transport and metabolism and these processes may be tuned by purinergic signalling. Future development of ATP sensors for imaging may aid development of novel approaches to target extracellular ATP in, for example, type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed M Ghiasi
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nynne M Christensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per A Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Z Skovhøj
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivana Novak
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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You W, Li Y, Liu K, Mi X, Li Y, Guo X, Li Z. Latest assessment methods for mitochondrial homeostasis in cognitive diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:754-768. [PMID: 37843209 PMCID: PMC10664105 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in neural function, such as supporting normal energy metabolism, regulating reactive oxygen species, buffering physiological calcium loads, and maintaining the balance of morphology, subcellular distribution, and overall health through mitochondrial dynamics. Given the recent technological advances in the assessment of mitochondrial structure and functions, mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as the early and key pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This review will focus on the recent advances in mitochondrial medicine and research methodology in the field of cognitive sciences, from the perspectives of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics (including fission-fusion, transport, and mitophagy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Beijing, China
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3
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Shigetomi E, Sakai K, Koizumi S. Extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics in the brain and its role in health and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1343653. [PMID: 38304611 PMCID: PMC10830686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1343653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and adenosine are neuromodulators that regulate numerous neuronal functions in the brain. Neuronal activity and brain insults such as ischemic and traumatic injury upregulate these neuromodulators, which exert their effects by activating purinergic receptors. In addition, extracellular ATP/adenosine signaling plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Virtually every cell type in the brain contributes to the elevation of ATP/adenosine, and various mechanisms underlying this increase have been proposed. Extracellular adenosine is thought to be mainly produced via the degradation of extracellular ATP. However, adenosine is also released from neurons and glia in the brain. Therefore, the regulation of extracellular ATP/adenosine in physiological and pathophysiological conditions is likely far more complex than previously thought. To elucidate the complex mechanisms that regulate extracellular ATP/adenosine levels, accurate methods of assessing their spatiotemporal dynamics are needed. Several novel techniques for acquiring spatiotemporal information on extracellular ATP/adenosine, including fluorescent sensors, have been developed and have started to reveal the mechanisms underlying the release, uptake and degradation of ATP/adenosine. Here, we review methods for analyzing extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics as well as the current state of knowledge on the spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP/adenosine in the brain. We focus on the mechanisms used by neurons and glia to cooperatively produce the activity-dependent increase in ATP/adenosine and its physiological and pathophysiological significance in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kent Sakai
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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4
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Broch F, El Hajji L, Pietrancosta N, Gautier A. Engineering of Tunable Allosteric-like Fluorogenic Protein Sensors. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3933-3942. [PMID: 37830919 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical protein sensors that enable detection of relevant biomolecules of interest play central roles in biological research. Coupling fluorescent reporters with protein sensing units has enabled the development of a wide range of biosensors that recognize analytes with high selectivity. In these sensors, analyte recognition induces a conformational change in the protein sensing unit that can modulate the optical signal of the fluorescent reporter. Here, we explore various designs for the creation of tunable allosteric-like fluorogenic protein sensors through incorporation of sensing protein units within the chemogenetic fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag (FAST) that selectively binds and stabilizes the fluorescent state of 4-hydroxybenzylidene rhodanine (HBR) analogs. Conformational coupling allowed us to design analyte-responsive optical protein sensors through allosteric-like modulation of fluorogen binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Broch
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lina El Hajji
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
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5
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Kim D, Yanders S, Stacey G. Salt stress releases extracellular ATP to activate purinergic signaling and inhibit plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1753-1757. [PMID: 37506300 PMCID: PMC10602603 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress increases extracellular ATP levels and the upregulation of P2K1 purinoreceptor transcripts, leading to the activation of purinergic signaling and consequent inhibition of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Samantha Yanders
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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6
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Nosoudi N, Hasanzadeh A, Hart M, Weaver B. Advancements and Future Perspectives in Cell Electrospinning and Bio-Electrospraying. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300213. [PMID: 37438326 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have tried to include living cells into electrospun nanofibers or droplets, leading to the field of live cell electrospinning and bio-electrospraying . In live cell electrospinning and bio-electrospraying, cells are embedded in a polymer and subject to the process of mechanical and electrical stimulation of the process. The resulting nanofiber mats or droplets with embedded cells have several potential applications in tissue engineering. The nanofiber structure provides a supportive and porous environment for cells to grow and interact with their surroundings. This can be favorable for tissue regeneration, where the goal is to create functional tissues that closely mimic the extracellular matrix. However, there are also challenges associated with live cell electrospinning and electrospraying, including maintaining cell viability and uniform cell distribution within the nanofiber mat. Additionally, the electrospinning/electrospraying process can have an impact on cell behavior, phenotype, and genotype, which must be cautiously monitored and studied. Overall, the goal of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the existing literature on cell electrospinning and bio-electrospraying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Nosoudi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755-2586, USA
| | - Amin Hasanzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Madeline Hart
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755-2586, USA
| | - Baylee Weaver
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755-2586, USA
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7
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Hellweg L, Edenhofer A, Barck L, Huppertz MC, Frei MS, Tarnawski M, Bergner A, Koch B, Johnsson K, Hiblot J. A general method for the development of multicolor biosensors with large dynamic ranges. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1147-1157. [PMID: 37291200 PMCID: PMC10449634 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent biosensors enable the study of cell physiology with spatiotemporal resolution; yet, most biosensors suffer from relatively low dynamic ranges. Here, we introduce a family of designed Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs with near-quantitative FRET efficiencies based on the reversible interaction of fluorescent proteins with a fluorescently labeled HaloTag. These FRET pairs enabled the straightforward design of biosensors for calcium, ATP and NAD+ with unprecedented dynamic ranges. The color of each of these biosensors can be readily tuned by changing either the fluorescent protein or the synthetic fluorophore, which enables simultaneous monitoring of free NAD+ in different subcellular compartments following genotoxic stress. Minimal modifications of these biosensors furthermore allow their readout to be switched to fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime or bioluminescence. These FRET pairs thus establish a new concept for the development of highly sensitive and tunable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hellweg
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Edenhofer
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Barck
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus-Carsten Huppertz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle S Frei
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miroslaw Tarnawski
- Protein Expression and Characterization Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Bergner
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Koch
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Hiblot
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Lalo U, Pankratov Y. ATP-mediated signalling in the central synapses. Neuropharmacology 2023; 229:109477. [PMID: 36841527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
ATP released from the synaptic terminals and astrocytes can activate neuronal P2 receptors at a variety of locations across the CNS. Although the postsynaptic ATP-mediated signalling does not bring a major contribution into the excitatory transmission, it is instrumental for slow and diffuse modulation of synaptic dynamics and neuronal firing in many CNS areas. Neuronal P2X and P2Y receptors can be activated by ATP released from the synaptic terminals, astrocytes and microglia and thereby can participate in the regulation of synaptic homeostasis and plasticity. There is growing evidence of importance of purinergic regulation of synaptic transmission in different physiological and pathological contexts. Here, we review the main mechanisms underlying the complexity and diversity of purinergic signalling and purinergic modulation in central neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana Lalo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Yuriy Pankratov
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
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9
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Di Virgilio F, Vultaggio-Poma V, Falzoni S, Giuliani AL. Extracellular ATP: A powerful inflammatory mediator in the central nervous system. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109333. [PMID: 36400278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides play a crucial role in extracellular signaling across species boundaries. All the three kingdoms of life (Bacteria, Archea and Eukariota) are responsive to extracellular ATP (eATP) and many release this and other nucleotides. Thus, eATP fulfills different functions, many related to danger-sensing or avoidance reactions. Basically all living organisms have evolved sensors for eATP and other nucleotides with very different affinity and selectivity, thus conferring a remarkable plasticity to this signaling system. Likewise, different intracellular transduction systems were associated during evolution to different receptors for eATP. In mammalian evolution, control of intracellular ATP (iATP) and eATP homeostasis has been closely intertwined with that of Ca2+, whether in the extracellular milieu or in the cytoplasm, establishing an inverse reciprocal relationship, i.e. high extracellular Ca2+ levels are associated to negligible eATP, while low intracellular Ca2+ levels are associated to high eATP concentrations. This inverse relationship is crucial for the messenger functions of both molecules. Extracellular ATP is sensed by specific plasma membrane receptors of widely different affinity named P2 receptors (P2Rs) of which 17 subtypes are known. This confers a remarkable plasticity to P2R signaling. The central nervous system (CNS) is a privileged site for purinergic signaling as all brain cell types express P2Rs. Accruing evidence suggests that eATP, in addition to participating in synaptic transmission, also plays a crucial homeostatic role by fine tuning microglia, astroglia and oligodendroglia responses. Drugs modulating the eATP concentration in the CNS are likely to be the new frontier in the therapy of neuroinflammation. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Purinergic Signaling: 50 years'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Real-time denoising enables high-sensitivity fluorescence time-lapse imaging beyond the shot-noise limit. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:282-292. [PMID: 36163547 PMCID: PMC9931589 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in fluorescence microscopy is the photon shot noise arising from the inevitable stochasticity of photon detection. Noise increases measurement uncertainty and limits imaging resolution, speed and sensitivity. To achieve high-sensitivity fluorescence imaging beyond the shot-noise limit, we present DeepCAD-RT, a self-supervised deep learning method for real-time noise suppression. Based on our previous framework DeepCAD, we reduced the number of network parameters by 94%, memory consumption by 27-fold and processing time by a factor of 20, allowing real-time processing on a two-photon microscope. A high imaging signal-to-noise ratio can be acquired with tenfold fewer photons than in standard imaging approaches. We demonstrate the utility of DeepCAD-RT in a series of photon-limited experiments, including in vivo calcium imaging of mice, zebrafish larva and fruit flies, recording of three-dimensional (3D) migration of neutrophils after acute brain injury and imaging of 3D dynamics of cortical ATP release. DeepCAD-RT will facilitate the morphological and functional interrogation of biological dynamics with a minimal photon budget.
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11
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Ren J, Yu F, Greenberg BM. ATP line splitting in association with reduced intracellular magnesium and pH: a brain 31 P MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) study of pediatric patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGADs). NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4836. [PMID: 36150743 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, ATP, the obligatory energy molecule for keeping all cells alive and functioning, has been thought to contribute only one set of signals in brain 31 P MR spectra. Here we report for the first time the observation of two separate β-ATP peaks in brain spectra acquired from patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGADs) using 3D MRSI at 7 T. In voxel spectra with β-ATP line splitting, these two peaks are separated by 0.46 ± 0.18 ppm (n = 6). Spectral lineshape analysis indicates that the upper field β-ATP peak is smaller in relative intensity (24 ± 11% versus 76 ± 11%), and narrower in linewidth (56.8 ± 10.3 versus 41.2 ± 10.3 Hz) than the downfield one. Data analysis also reveals a similar line splitting for the intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi ) signal, which is characterized by two components with a smaller separation (0.16 ± 0.09 ppm) and an intensity ratio (26 ± 7%:74 ± 7%) comparable to that of β-ATP. While the major components of Pi and β-ATP correspond to a neutral intracellular pH (6.99 ± 0.01) and a free Mg2+ level (0.18 ± 0.02 mM, by Iotti's conversion formula) as found in healthy subjects, their minor counterparts relate to a slightly acidic pH (6.86 ± 0.07) and a 50% lower [Mg2+ ] (0.09 ± 0.02 mM), respectively. Data correlation between β-ATP and Pi signals appears to suggest an association between an increased [H+ ] and a reduced [Mg2+ ] in MOGAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Ren
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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12
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Li Y, Ma Y, Dang QY, Fan XR, Han CT, Xu SZ, Li PY. Assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction and implications in cardiovascular disorders. Life Sci 2022; 306:120834. [PMID: 35902031 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cellular function, not only acting as the powerhouse of the cell, but also regulating ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular Ca2+ cycling, and apoptosis. During the past decade, extensive progress has been made in the technology to assess mitochondrial functions and accumulating evidences have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathophysiological mechanism for many diseases including cardiovascular disorders, such as ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and hemorrhagic shock. The advances in methodology have been accelerating our understanding of mitochondrial molecular structure and function, biogenesis and ROS and energy production, which facilitates new drug target identification and therapeutic strategy development for mitochondrial dysfunction-related disorders. This review will focus on the assessment of methodologies currently used for mitochondrial research and discuss their advantages, limitations and the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qing-Ya Dang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xin-Rong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chu-Ting Han
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shang-Zhong Xu
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.
| | - Peng-Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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13
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Wu Z, Lin D, Li Y. Pushing the frontiers: tools for monitoring neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:257-274. [PMID: 35361961 PMCID: PMC11163306 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have a wide range of key roles throughout the nervous system. However, their dynamics in both health and disease have been challenging to assess, owing to the lack of in vivo tools to track them with high spatiotemporal resolution. Thus, developing a platform that enables minimally invasive, large-scale and long-term monitoring of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators with high sensitivity, high molecular specificity and high spatiotemporal resolution has been essential. Here, we review the methods available for monitoring the dynamics of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Following a brief summary of non-genetically encoded methods, we focus on recent developments in genetically encoded fluorescent indicators, highlighting how these novel indicators have facilitated advances in our understanding of the functional roles of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the nervous system. These studies present a promising outlook for the future development and use of tools to monitor neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Dayu Lin
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
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14
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Farrants H, Tebo AG. Fluorescent chemigenetic actuators and indicators for use in living animals. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 62:159-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Sun W, Gu X, Dong P, Chu L, Zhang Z, Cheng Z, Yang F. Cell-membrane-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe for detecting extracellular ATP. Analyst 2022; 147:4167-4173. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent probe for detecting extracellular ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Xiangling Gu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Pingxuan Dong
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Lianjun Chu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Zhenyuan Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, China
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16
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Doi H, Horio T, Choi YJ, Takahashi K, Noda T, Sawada K. CMOS-Based Redox-Type Label-Free ATP Image Sensor for In Vitro Sensitive Imaging of Extracellular ATP. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:75. [PMID: 35009624 PMCID: PMC8747181 DOI: 10.3390/s22010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) plays a crucial role as an extracellular signaling molecule in the central nervous system and is closely related to various nerve diseases. Therefore, label-free imaging of extracellular ATP dynamics and spatiotemporal analysis is crucial for understanding brain function. To decrease the limit of detection (LOD) of imaging extracellular ATP, we fabricated a redox-type label-free ATP image sensor by immobilizing glycerol-kinase (GK), L-α-glycerophosphate oxidase (LGOx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymes in a polymer film on a gold electrode-modified potentiometric sensor array with a 37.3 µm-pitch. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is generated through the enzymatic reactions from GK to LGOx in the presence of ATP and glycerol, and ATP can be detected as changes in its concentration using an electron mediator. Using this approach, the LOD for ATP was 2.8 µM with a sensitivity of 77 ± 3.8 mV/dec., under 10 mM working buffers at physiological pH, such as in in vitro experiments, and the LOD was great superior 100 times than that of the hydrogen ion detection-based image sensor. This redox-type ATP image sensor may be successfully applied for in vitro sensitive imaging of extracellular ATP dynamics in brain nerve tissue or cells.
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17
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Nosoudi N, Hart C, McKnight I, Esmaeilpour M, Ghomian T, Zadeh A, Raines R, Ramirez Vick JE. Differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells to chondrocytes using electrospraying. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24301. [PMID: 34934143 PMCID: PMC8692477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in the fabrication of tissue engineered constructs for regenerative medical applications is the development of processes capable of delivering cells and biomaterials to specific locations in a consistent manner. Electrospraying live cells has been introduced in recent years as a cell seeding method, but its effect on phenotype nor genotype has not been explored. A promising candidate for the cellular component of these constructs are human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), which are multipotent stem cells that can be differentiated into fat, bone, and cartilage cells. They can be easily and safely obtained from adipose tissue, regardless of the age and sex of the donor. Moreover, these cells can be maintained and expanded in culture for long periods of time without losing their differentiation capacity. In this study, hASCs directly incorporated into a polymer solution were electrosprayed, inducing differentiation into chondrocytes, without the addition of any exogenous factors. Multiple studies have demonstrated the effects of exposing hASCs to biomolecules—such as soluble growth factors, chemokines, and morphogens—to induce chondrogenesis. Transforming growth factors (e.g., TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins are particularly known to play essential roles in the induction of chondrogenesis. Although growth factors have great therapeutic potential for cell-based cartilage regeneration, these growth factor-based therapies have presented several clinical complications, including high dose requirements, low half-life, protein instability, higher costs, and adverse effects in vivo. The present data suggests that electrospraying has great potential as hASCs-based therapy for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Nosoudi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
| | - Christoph Hart
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Ian McKnight
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Mehdi Esmaeilpour
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Taher Ghomian
- Computer Sciences and Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Amir Zadeh
- Information Systems Department, College of Business, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Regan Raines
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jaime E Ramirez Vick
- Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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18
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Wu Z, He K, Chen Y, Li H, Pan S, Li B, Liu T, Xi F, Deng F, Wang H, Du J, Jing M, Li Y. A sensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo. Neuron 2021; 110:770-782.e5. [PMID: 34942116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic transmitter ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) plays an essential role in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the ability to directly measure extracellular ATP in real time will increase our understanding of its physiological functions. Here, we developed a sensitive GPCR activation-based ATP sensor called GRABATP1.0, with a robust fluorescence response to extracellular ATP when expressed in several cell types. This sensor has sub-second kinetics, has ATP affinity in the range of tens of nanomolar, and can be used to localize ATP release with subcellular resolution. Using this sensor, we monitored ATP release under a variety of in vitro and in vivo conditions, including stimuli-induced and spontaneous ATP release in primary hippocampal cultures, injury-induced ATP release in a zebrafish model, and lipopolysaccharides-induced ATP-release events in individual astrocytes in the mouse cortex. Thus, the GRABATP1.0 sensor is a sensitive, versatile tool for monitoring ATP release and dynamics under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Kaikai He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sunlei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fengxue Xi
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
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19
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Stranahan AM. Visceral adiposity, inflammation, and hippocampal function in obesity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108920. [PMID: 34902347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 'apple-shaped' anatomical pattern that accompanies visceral adiposity increases risk for multiple chronic diseases, including conditions that impact the brain, such as diabetes and hypertension. However, distinguishing between the consequences of visceral obesity, as opposed to visceral adiposity-associated metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies, presents certain challenges. This review summarizes current literature on relationships between adipose tissue distribution and cognition in preclinical models and highlights unanswered questions surrounding the potential role of tissue- and cell type-specific insulin resistance in these effects. While gaps in knowledge persist related to insulin insensitivity and cognitive impairment in obesity, several recent studies suggest that cells of the neurovascular unit contribute to hippocampal synaptic dysfunction, and this review interprets those findings in the context of progressive metabolic dysfunction in the CNS. Signalling between cerebrovascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons has been linked with memory deficits in visceral obesity, and this article describes the cellular changes in each of these populations with respect to their role in amplification or diminution of peripheral signals. The picture emerging from these studies, while incomplete, implicates pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in various stages of obesity-induced hippocampal dysfunction. As in the parable of the five blind wanderers holding different parts of an elephant, considerable work remains in order to assemble a model for the underlying mechanisms linking visceral adiposity with age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1462 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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20
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Mantovanelli L, Gaastra BF, Poolman B. Fluorescence-based sensing of the bioenergetic and physicochemical status of the cell. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 88:1-54. [PMID: 34862023 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based sensors play a fundamental role in biological research. These sensors can be based on fluorescent proteins, fluorescent probes or they can be hybrid systems. The availability of a very large dataset of fluorescent molecules, both genetically encoded and synthetically produced, together with the structural insights on many sensing domains, allowed to rationally design a high variety of sensors, capable of monitoring both molecular and global changes in living cells or in in vitro systems. The advancements in the fluorescence-imaging field helped researchers to obtain a deeper understanding of how and where specific changes occur in a cell or in vitro by combining the readout of the fluorescent sensors with the spatial information provided by fluorescent microscopy techniques. In this review we give an overview of the state of the art in the field of fluorescent biosensors and fluorescence imaging techniques, and eventually guide the reader through the choice of the best combination of fluorescent tools and techniques to answer specific biological questions. We particularly focus on sensors for probing the bioenergetics and physicochemical status of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mantovanelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke F Gaastra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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21
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Endo Y, Asanuma D, Namiki S, Sugihara K, Hirose K, Uemura A, Kubota Y, Miura T. Quantitative modeling of regular retinal microglia distribution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22671. [PMID: 34811401 PMCID: PMC8608893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system, showing a regular distribution. Advancing microscopy and image processing techniques have contributed to elucidating microglia’s morphology, dynamics, and distribution. However, the mechanism underlying the regular distribution of microglia remains to be elucidated. First, we quantitatively confirmed the regularity of the distribution pattern of microglial soma in the retina. Second, we formulated a mathematical model that includes factors that may influence regular distribution. Next, we experimentally quantified the model parameters (cell movement, process formation, and ATP dynamics). The resulting model simulation from the measured parameters showed that direct cell–cell contact is most important in generating regular cell spacing. Finally, we tried to specify the molecular pathway responsible for the repulsion between neighboring microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Endo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asanuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Namiki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sugihara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hirose
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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22
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Del Bonis-O'Donnell JT, Mun J, Delevich K, Landry MP. Synthetic nanosensors for imaging neuromodulators. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 363:109326. [PMID: 34418445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuromodulation plays a critical role in regulating brain function and its dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, only in the last few years have optical tools become available to probe the spatial and temporal profiles of neuromodulator signaling, including dopamine, with the requisite resolution to uncover mechanisms of neuromodulation. In this review, we summarize the current state of synthetic nanomaterial-based optical nanosensors for monitoring neurotransmission with high spatial and temporal resolution. Specifically, we highlight how synthetic nanosensors can elucidate the spatial distribution of neuromodulator release sites and report the temporal dynamics and spatial diffusion of neuromodulator release. Next, we outline advantages and limitations of currently available nanosensors and their recent application to imaging endogenous dopamine release in brain tissue. Finally, we discuss strategies to improve nanosensors for in vivo use, with implications for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Delevich
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), Berkeley, CA, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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23
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Liu X, He J, Xiao Z. Neurotropin alleviates rat osteocarcinoma pain via P 2X 3 receptor activation in the midbrain periaqueductal gray. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1395-1403. [PMID: 35096298 PMCID: PMC8769511 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.57965.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinically effective analgesia treatment for patients afflicted with osteocarcinoma lessens the intensity of pain. The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a critical role in pain modulation, and activation of P2X3 receptors in this region mediates pain processing. Neurotropin is a small molecule drug used for analgesic treatment of a number of chronic pain conditions. The present study aims at determining whether P2X3 receptor activation in PAG is responsible for the analgesic effect of neurotropin in rats with osteocarcinoma pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tibia of female Sprague-Dawley rats was inoculated with breast carcinoma cells to establish the osteocarcinoma pain model. The effects of intraperitoneal injection of 6, 12, and 18 neurotropin units (NU)/kg on pain threshold and receptor expression of P2X3 in the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) were assessed. The P2X3 receptor antagonist A-317491 (1.5 nmol/0.3 µl) was administered into vlPAG with a high-dose neurotropin (18 NU/kg) to determine the role of this receptor in the analgesic effect. RESULTS The pain thresholds of the rats with osteocarcinoma pain continuously decreased, whereas P2X3 receptor expression in vlPAG only slightly increased after osteocarcinoma cell inoculation. Neurotropin substantially elevated the pain threshold and P2X3 receptor expression in vlPAG in a dose-dependent manner. A-317491 microinjection into vlPAG significantly reduced the analgesic effects of neurotropin in the rats with osteocarcinoma pain. CONCLUSION Through these findings, it is shown that vlPAG P2X3 receptor activation participates in neurotropin-mediated analgesia mechanism in osteocarcinoma pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingxin He
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Corresponding author: Zhi Xiao. Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China. Tel: +86-13087872315;
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24
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Alcedo KP, Bowser JL, Snider NT. The elegant complexity of mammalian ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:829-842. [PMID: 34116887 PMCID: PMC8448938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a fundamental mechanism used by all cells to control their internal activities and interact with the environment. A key component of the purinergic system, the enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the last step in the extracellular metabolism of ATP to form adenosine. Efforts to harness the therapeutic potential of endogenous adenosine in cancer have culminated in the ongoing clinical development of multiple CD73-targeting antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. However, recent studies are painting an increasingly complex picture of CD73 mRNA and protein regulation and function in cellular homeostasis, physiological adaptation, and disease development. This review discusses the latest conceptual and methodological advances that are helping to unravel the complexity of this important enzyme that was identified nearly 90 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel P Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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25
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The Cutting Edge of Disease Modeling: Synergy of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology and Genetically Encoded Biosensors. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080960. [PMID: 34440164 PMCID: PMC8392144 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cell models of human diseases based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and a cell therapy approach based on differentiated iPSC derivatives has provided a powerful stimulus in modern biomedical research development. Moreover, it led to the creation of personalized regenerative medicine. Due to this, in the last decade, the pathological mechanisms of many monogenic diseases at the cell level have been revealed, and clinical trials of various cell products derived from iPSCs have begun. However, it is necessary to reach a qualitatively new level of research with cell models of diseases based on iPSCs for more efficient searching and testing of drugs. Biosensor technology has a great application prospect together with iPSCs. Biosensors enable researchers to monitor ions, molecules, enzyme activities, and channel conformation in live cells and use them in live imaging and drug screening. These probes facilitate the measurement of steady-state concentrations or activity levels and the observation and quantification of in vivo flux and kinetics. Real-time monitoring of drug action in a specific cellular compartment, organ, or tissue type; the ability to screen at the single-cell resolution; and the elimination of the false-positive results caused by low drug bioavailability that is not detected by in vitro testing methods are a few of the benefits of using biosensors in drug screening. Here, we discuss the possibilities of using biosensor technology in combination with cell models based on human iPSCs and gene editing systems. Furthermore, we focus on the current achievements and problems of using these methods.
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26
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Kitajima N, Takikawa K, Sekiya H, Asanuma D, Sakamoto H, Namiki S, Iino M, Hirose K. In vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Extracellular ATP in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex with a Hybrid-type Optical Sensor. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4046. [PMID: 34250212 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) works as an extracellular signaling molecule for cells in the brain, such as neurons and glia. Cellular communication via release of ATP is involved in a range of processes required for normal brain functions, and aberrant communication is associated with brain disorders. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these cellular processes, various techniques have been developed for the measurement of extracellular ATP. To monitor the dynamics of extracellular ATP signaling with high spatiotemporal resolution, we recently developed a hybrid-type ATP optical sensor (ATPOS) that enables in vivo fluorescence imaging of extracellular ATP dynamics in the brain. ATPOS is synthesized by labeling an ATP-binding protein, Bacillus FoF1-ATP synthase ε subunit, with a small-molecular fluorescent dye Cy3. Injection of ATPOS into the cerebral cortex of living mice enables visualization of the wave-like propagation of extracellular ATP release in response to electrical stimulation. The protocol described here should be useful for visualizing ATP signaling in diverse processes involved in intercellular communication in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Kitajima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Takikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sekiya
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asanuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Namiki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Iino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hirose
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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The ATP/P2X7 axis is a crucial regulator of leukemic initiating cells proliferation and homing and an emerging therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:319-321. [PMID: 34075525 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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28
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Dale N. Biological insights from the direct measurement of purine release. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114416. [PMID: 33444569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although purinergic signalling has been a well-established and accepted mechanism of chemical communication for many years, it remains important to measure the extracellular concentration of ATP and adenosine in real time. In this review I summarize the reasons why such measurements are still needed, how they provide additional mechanistic insight and give an overview of the techniques currently available to make spatially localised measurements of ATP and adenosine in real time. To illustrate the impact of direct real-time measurements, I explore CO2 and nutrient sensing in the medulla oblongata and hypothalamus. In both of these examples, the sensing involves hemichannel mediated ATP release from glial cells. For CO2 the hemichannels involved, connexin26, are directly CO2-sensitive. This mechanism contributes to the chemosensory control of breathing. In the hypothamalus, specialised glial cells, tanycytes, directly contact the cerebrospinal fluid in the 3rd ventricle and sense nutrients via sweet and umami taste receptors. Nutrient sensing by tanycytes is likely to contribute to the control of body weight as their selective stimulation alters food intake. To illustrate the importance of direct adenosine measurements, I consider the complex and multiple mechanisms of activity-dependent adenosine release in different brain regions. This activity dependent release of adenosine is likely to mediate important feedback regulation and may also be involved in controlling the sleep-wake state. I finish by briefly considering the potential of whole blood purine measurements in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dale
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Rivera AD, Chacon-De-La-Rocha I, Pieropan F, Papanikolau M, Azim K, Butt AM. Keeping the ageing brain wired: a role for purine signalling in regulating cellular metabolism in oligodendrocyte progenitors. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:775-783. [PMID: 33712969 PMCID: PMC8076121 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
White matter (WM) is a highly prominent feature in the human cerebrum and is comprised of bundles of myelinated axons that form the connectome of the brain. Myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes and is essential for rapid neuronal electrical communication that underlies the massive computing power of the human brain. Oligodendrocytes are generated throughout life by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are identified by expression of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan NG2 (Cspg4), and are often termed NG2-glia. Adult NG2+ OPCs are slowly proliferating cells that have the stem cell-like property of self-renewal and differentiation into a pool of 'late OPCs' or 'differentiation committed' OPCs(COPs) identified by specific expression of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR17, which are capable of differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes. In the adult brain, these reservoirs of OPCs and COPs ensure rapid myelination of new neuronal connections formed in response to neuronal signalling, which underpins learning and cognitive function. However, there is an age-related decline in myelination that is associated with a loss of neuronal function and cognitive decline. The underlying causes of myelin loss in ageing are manifold, but a key factor is the decay in OPC 'stemness' and a decline in their replenishment of COPs, which results in the ultimate failure of myelin regeneration. These changes in ageing OPCs are underpinned by dysregulation of neuronal signalling and OPC metabolic function. Here, we highlight the role of purine signalling in regulating OPC self-renewal and the potential importance of GPR17 and the P2X7 receptor subtype in age-related changes in OPC metabolism. Moreover, age is the main factor in the failure of myelination in chronic multiple sclerosis and myelin loss in Alzheimer's disease, hence understanding the importance of purine signalling in OPC regeneration and myelination is critical for developing new strategies for promoting repair in age-dependent neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Rivera
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pieropan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Maria Papanikolau
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Kasum Azim
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arthur M Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
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Vaidyanathan TV, Collard M, Yokoyama S, Reitman ME, Poskanzer KE. Cortical astrocytes independently regulate sleep depth and duration via separate GPCR pathways. eLife 2021; 10:63329. [PMID: 33729913 PMCID: PMC7968927 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, characterized by slow-wave electrophysiological activity, underlies several critical functions, including learning and memory. However, NREM sleep is heterogeneous, varying in duration, depth, and spatially across the cortex. While these NREM sleep features are thought to be largely independently regulated, there is also evidence that they are mechanistically coupled. To investigate how cortical NREM sleep features are controlled, we examined the astrocytic network, comprising a cortex-wide syncytium that influences population-level neuronal activity. We quantified endogenous astrocyte activity in mice over natural sleep and wake, then manipulated specific astrocytic G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways in vivo. We find that astrocytic Gi- and Gq-coupled GPCR signaling separately control NREM sleep depth and duration, respectively, and that astrocytic signaling causes differential changes in local and remote cortex. These data support a model in which the cortical astrocyte network serves as a hub for regulating distinct NREM sleep features. Sleep has many roles, from strengthening new memories to regulating mood and appetite. While we might instinctively think of sleep as a uniform state of reduced brain activity, the reality is more complex. First, over the course of the night, we cycle between a number of different sleep stages, which reflect different levels of sleep depth. Second, the amount of sleep depth is not necessarily even across the brain but can vary between regions. These sleep stages consist of either rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or non-REM (NREM) sleep. REM sleep is when most dreaming occurs, whereas NREM sleep is particularly important for learning and memory and can vary in duration and depth. During NREM sleep, large groups of neurons synchronize their firing to create rhythmic waves of activity known as slow waves. The more synchronous the activity, the deeper the sleep. Vaidyanathan et al. now show that brain cells called astrocytes help regulate NREM sleep. Astrocytes are not neurons but belong to a group of specialized cells called glia. They are the largest glia cell type in the brain and display an array of proteins on their surfaces called G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These enable them to sense sleep-wake signals from other parts of the brain and to generate their own signals. In fact, each astrocyte can communicate with thousands of neurons at once. They are therefore well-poised to coordinate brain activity during NREM sleep. Using innovative tools, Vaidyanathan et al. visualized astrocyte activity in mice as the animals woke up or fell asleep. The results showed that astrocytes change their activity just before each sleep–wake transition. They also revealed that astrocytes control both the depth and duration of NREM sleep via two different types of GPCR signals. Increasing one of these signals (Gi-GPCR) made the mice sleep more deeply but did not change sleep duration. Decreasing the other (Gq-GPCR) made the mice sleep for longer but did not affect sleep depth. Sleep problems affect many people at some point in their lives, and often co-exist with other conditions such as mental health disorders. Understanding how the brain regulates different features of sleep could help us develop better – and perhaps more specific – treatments for sleep disorders. The current study suggests that manipulating GPCRs on astrocytes might increase sleep depth, for example. But before work to test this idea can begin, we must first determine whether findings from sleeping mice also apply to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha V Vaidyanathan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Max Collard
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sae Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael E Reitman
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kira E Poskanzer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, San Francisco, United States
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31
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Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules which foment inflammation and are associated with disorders in sepsis and cancer. Thus, therapeutically targeting DAMPs has potential to provide novel and effective treatments. When establishing anti-DAMP strategies, it is important not only to focus on the DAMPs as inflammatory mediators but also to take into account the underlying mechanisms of their release from cells and tissues. DAMPs can be released passively by membrane rupture due to necrosis/necroptosis, although the mechanisms of release appear to differ between the DAMPs. Other types of cell death, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and NETosis, can also contribute to DAMP release. In addition, some DAMPs can be exported actively from live cells by exocytosis of secretory lysosomes or exosomes, ectosomes, and activation of cell membrane channel pores. Here we review the shared and DAMP-specific mechanisms reported in the literature for high mobility group box 1, ATP, extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein, histones, heat shock proteins, extracellular RNAs and cell-free DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Murao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- Center for Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Max Brenner
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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32
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Vardam-Kaur T, Sun J, Borges da Silva H. Metabolic regulation of tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:117-124. [PMID: 33714873 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular metabolic adaptations help define the function and homeostasis of memory CD8+ T cells. These cells, which promote protection against infections or cancer, undergo consecutive metabolic shifts, ultimately relying on mitochondrial-related pathways. Past CD8+ T cell metabolism studies focused on circulating memory cells, which are exclusive to secondary lymphoid organs or recirculate between lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. Yet, now there is unequivocal evidence that memory CD8+ T cells reside in many non-lymphoid organs and mediate protective immunity in barrier tissues. The metabolic adaptations occurring in forming and established tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells are currently subject of intense research. In this review, we discuss the latest breakthroughs on the transcriptional and protein control of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Sun
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN, USA
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33
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Kim NH, Kim BW, Moon H, Yoo H, Kang RH, Hur JK, Oh Y, Kim BM, Kim D. AIEgen-based nanoprobe for the ATP sensing and imaging in cancer cells and embryonic stem cells. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1152:338269. [PMID: 33648642 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A turn-on fluorescent nanoprobe (named AAP-1), based on an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), is disclosed for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is an essential element in the biological system. Organic fluorophore (named TPE-TA) consists of tetraphenylethylene (TPE, sensing and signaling moiety) and mono-triamine (TA, sensing moiety), and it forms an aggregated form in aqueous media as a nanoprobe AAP-1. The nanoprobe AAP-1 has multiple electrostatic interactions as well as hydrophobic interactions with ATP, and it displays superior selectivity toward ATP, reliable sensitivity, with a detection limit around 0.275 ppb, and fast responsive (signal within 10 s). Such a fluorescent probe to monitor ATP has been actively pursued throughout fundamental and translational research areas. In vitro assay and a successful cellular ATP imaging application was demonstrated in cancer cells and embryonic stem cells. We expect that our work warrants further ATP-related studies throughout a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechang Moon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajung Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae Hyung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho K Hur
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Genetics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yohan Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - B Moon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Kim H, Ju J, Lee HN, Chun H, Seong J. Genetically Encoded Biosensors Based on Fluorescent Proteins. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:795. [PMID: 33504068 PMCID: PMC7865379 DOI: 10.3390/s21030795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescent proteins (FPs) allow for the real-time monitoring of molecular dynamics in space and time, which are crucial for the proper functioning and regulation of complex cellular processes. Depending on the types of molecular events to be monitored, different sensing strategies need to be applied for the best design of FP-based biosensors. Here, we review genetically encoded biosensors based on FPs with various sensing strategies, for example, translocation, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), reconstitution of split FP, pH sensitivity, maturation speed, and so on. We introduce general principles of each sensing strategy and discuss critical factors to be considered if available, then provide representative examples of these FP-based biosensors. These will help in designing the best sensing strategy for the successful development of new genetically encoded biosensors based on FPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.); (H.N.L.); (H.C.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.); (H.N.L.); (H.C.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hae Nim Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.); (H.N.L.); (H.C.)
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Chun
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.); (H.N.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (J.J.); (H.N.L.); (H.C.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea
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